\ V \ KINH NGHIEM-THt/C TIJN '
SAP XEP TO C H t r c BO MAY NHA NTJOC:
THI/C TRANG VA VAN DE DAT RA
Ngo Thanh Can
Tom tdt: Thdi gian vda qua, viec sap xep td chdc bd mdy (TCBM) cdc co quan nhd nUdc dd dgt dUOc nhdng ket qud ddng khich le. Tuy nhien, xudt hien nhdng khd khdn, vUdng mdc cdn cd nhdng gidi phdp cd bdn. Deed mdt md hinh TCBM phu hop cdn cd sU thdng nhdt trong lanh dgo qudn ly cdi cdch TCBM. Dieu ndy dUOc phdn dnh day du trong Nghi quyet sd 18-NQ/TW Hpi nghi lan thd 6 Ban Chdp hdnh Trung UOng Ddng (Khda XII). Bdi viit di sdu ldm rd mpt so vdn deve, thUc trgng sap xep TCBMNN trong thdi gian qua, td dd de xuat mpt so gidi phdp cO bdn ndng cao hieu qud sap xep TCBMNN trong thdi gian tdi.
Tdkhda: bp mdy nhd nUdc, td chdc nhd nUdc,
Abstract: Recently, the organizational structure of state agencies has achieved encouraging results, bringing a good atmosphere for the country's reform. However, difficulties and problems arise that require large solutions, an appropriate organizational structure model, and a need for consistency in the management and administration of organizational structure. This is fully reflected in Resolution N0I8-NQ/TW of the Sixth Central Committee of the 12th Party Central Committee. The article goes in depth to clarify some issues about organizational structure of the state, the state of organizational structure of the state in the past time, thereby proposing some basic solutions to improve the efficiency of arrange the organization of the state apparatus in the coming time.
Keywords: state apparatus, state organization,
Ngdy nhdn bdi: 08/11/2019 Ngdy sda bdi: 25/11/2019 Ngdy duyet ddng 25/12/2019
1. Mot so van de chung vl sip xep to cflu dfla ra md Mnh "Nha nflde Men tao chflc bp may nhi nfidc phat trien". Md hinh nay dflpe rapt nhi 1.1. HPn 30 nam lai day, the gidi chfing "ghien cflu ngfldi My. Dai hpc Tdng hpp kiln nhilu thay ddi ldn vl dinh hfldng California, Chahners Johnson (1931- chinh tri, vl thflPng mai. ve an ninh, cung 2010) sfl dung de md ti nhfing Nha nfldc nhfl sfi bat dn trong cae khoi lien kit khu theo rapt md hrah cu thi ve quan ly va kl vflc vi toin cau. Xera xet vl sfl phat trien hoach hda nen kinh t l [1]. Thuat ngfl Nha kinh tl, thdi gian gan day, cae nha nghiin nfidc Min tao phat triln dung de rad ta, '*' PGS. TS, Hoc vien Hdnh chinh Qudc gia
Tap chi Khoa hpc Npi vu I 57
I KINH NGHliM - THI/C TliN ttt nghien cflu trfldng hpp Nhit Bin sau nam 1945 vdi nhfing phat triln vi Men dai hda nhanh chdng. Cd the xem Nha nfldc phit trien li Nhi nflde gin bd chat che vdi kl hoach hda kinh tl vi md va vi md dl phat trien Mnh tl va nd Iflc sfi dyng eic ngudn Ific nhim dim bio cho cudc sdng cua ngfidi din tdt hpn.
Nghiin cfiu sfi phit trien vfipt bac ve Mnh tl cua rapt sd nfidc chiu A, ngfidi ta thay cd sfi ddng gdp to ldn, quylt dinh cua vai trd quan ly cua nha nfidc. Khu v\ic niy ndi lln mdt sd rad hinh nha nfidc ed sfi tham gia quin ly nha nfidc (QLNN) khae nhau, nhfi md binh Nha nfldc dieu chinh (Nhi nfldc theo md Mnh thi trfldng tfl do); Nhi nfidc ke hoach hda tip trung quan lieu (Nha nflde phu nhan vai trd cua thi trfldng) vi Nha nfldc Min tao phat trien (Nha nfldc coi trpng vai trd eua thi trfldng, nhflng khdng tuyet doi hda vai trd nay, ma tich c\lc can thiep dl dinh hfidng thi trfidng). Gd thi ndi, Nhi nfldc Min tao phit triln nim d khoing gifia eua hai md hinh Nhi nfidc dilu chinh va Nha nflde ke hoach hda tap trung, quan lieu. Day la rad hinh Nha nfldc kit hpp dfipe flu diera, ddng thdi khic phye dflpe nbfipe diem cua ea hai md Mnh khic [2].
Xiy dflng Nha nflde Men tao, Hera chinh, hinh ddng vi phye vu nhin dan, mdt nha nfldc Men tao phit trien da dflpe dit ra, nhim dfla dat nfldc di lln dap fing nhfing ddi hdi eua cdng cude ddi mdi.
"Cdng bing mi ndi, mdt khudn khd khai nilm sing rd vi mach lac vl md hinh nhi nfidc Min tao phat trien chfia that sfi Mnh thinh d nfidc ta. Sfl Ifla chpn cua chung ta
58 I Tap chi Khoa hpc Npi vu
trong qui trinh ddi mdi neu khdng phii do may mi dung, thi cfing ehu yeu la di theo sfi ddi hdi khich quan cua tinh hinh hpn la tren rapt nln ting ly thuylt vfing chae".
Trong qui trinh phit trien, nha nfidc ngay cing xic dinh rd hon, dung hPn ehfic ning cP ban, cd the xu hfidng ed thay ddi nhfing nha nfidc phii tip trung vao 2 nhilm vy chinh sau:
- Thd nhdt, thfie hiln QLNN thdng qua vile sfi dyng quyen Ific nhi nflde.
- Thd hai, cung cap cie loai dich vy hang hda cho xa bpi, edng dan bang ngudn Ific nhi nfidc.
Bd miy nha nfidc thfie chat li mpt h?
thdng td ehfle nham trien khai thfle thi eic quyen lap phip, hanh phap vi tfl phip, thfle hiln quyin Ifie nha nflde. Trien khai thfle hiln eic chu trflPng, dfldng ldi, chinh sich, phip Mat eua Dang, Nhi nfidc can dfla vao sfic manh tdng hpp cua he thdng chinh tri (HTCT) vdi ba bd phin la: he thdng cac to ehfic cua Dang; he thdng cie CP quan nha nfidc; he thdng cic td ehfic cua cae td chflc chinh tri - xa hpi.
Nhfi vay, thflc hien cai each sap xip he thdng TCBMNN la thflc hien sap xip, sap nhap, chia tach, tinh gpn TCBM, thflc Men tfl duy lai vl TCBMNN, hfldng din boat ddng hilu Iflc, hilu qui. Trong vile nay chung ta phai ehu trpng din HTCT trong tinh tdng thi cua nd. Sap xip TCBM thfle chat la qui trinh Ma chpn va triln khai mdt TCBM phu hpp vdi chien Ifipc vi dilu Men mdi trfidng cfing vdi dpi ngu nhan sfi tfipng thich. Doi mdi, sap xep
\ \ \ KINH NGHIEM-THirc TliN ' TCBM la mpt qua trinh HIn tue nham dap
flng, phu hpp vdi sfi thay ddi cua cMIn Iflpc phit triln, cua mdi trfldng, cung nhfl ylu cau boat dpng hieu Ific, hilu qui mong mudn, thfie hiln quyen Ific nha nfidc qua chflc nang QLNN, cung cap dich vy cdng cP bin va thilt ylu eho xa hdi vi edng din.
1.2. Cii each TCBMNN xuat phit tfl nhu cau hoin thien nha nflde va nhu eau thfle tien cii cich TCBMNN trong giai do^n chuyen doi, doi radi dat nfldc. Nhi nfldc da cd nhilu van bin ehi dao ddi vdi vi$c tinh gpn TCBMNN, boat ddng hieu Ifle, hilu qua vi thfle Men tinh gian bien ehl. ChflPng trinh Tong thi cai cich hinh chinh nhi nflde (CCHC) giai doan 2011 - 2020 di nlu rd: "Tilp tuc xay dflng vi hoin thi^n he thdng the chl vl td ehfic vi ho?t dpng cua cic CP quan hanh chinh nha nfldc; sfia doi, bd sung va hoan thien cac vin bin quy pham phip Mat ve td cbfie va boat dpng cua Chinh phu. Hpi ddng nhin din vi Oy ban nhin dan eae cap".
Trong chi dao thfle hien ddi mdi cai cich. van dl TCBMNN ludn dflpe chu trpng. Mdt sd vin ban quan trpng trong thdi gian gan diy la: Nghi quylt sd 18- NQ/TW ngay 25/10/2017, Hdi nghi Trung flOng 6 (Khda XII) vl "Mdt sd van dl vl doi mdi, sip xep TCBMNN cua HTCT tinh gpn, boat ddng hilu Iflc, hilu qua'; Nghi quyet sd 19-NQ/TW, ngay 25/10/2017, Hpi nghi lan thfi sau Ban Chap hanh Trung fipng (Khda XII) vl tiep tue ddi mdi he thdng td ehfic vi quan ly, ning cao chat Iflpng va hilu qua boat ddng eua cic dpn vi sfl nghiep edng lap. Kit Man sd 34-KL/TW ngay 07/8/2018 cua Bd chinh
tri ve thfle Men mdt so md hinh thi dilm theo Nghi quylt sd 18-NQ/TW. Ke hoach sd 07-KH/TW ngay 27/11/2017 cua Bd Chinh tri vl thflc hiln Nghi quylt 18-NQ/
TW vi Nghi quylt sd 56/2017/QH14 ngiy 24/11/2017 cua Qudc hdi vl vile tilp tyc cai each TCBM hinh chinh nha nfldc tmh gpn, boat ddng hilu Ifle, Meu qui.
Ddi vdi he thdng eic cP quan nha nflde, td chfle van phdng dai bieu Qudc hdi cie tinh, td chflc Hpi ddng nhin dan cic cap da dflpc xem xet ca cau lai tinh gpn, hpp ly hpn. TCBM hanh chmh nhi nfldc dflpc chu trpng thi diem sap xip lai, bfldc dau dap fing ylu cau vl hoan thien TCBMNN theo hfidng tinh gpn, boat dpng hieu Iflc, hieu qua. Tuy nhiln, trong boat ddng thflc tien, TCBMNN da bdc lp nhflng khiem khuyet, ban chl can dflpc khic phye
2. Thfie trang sip xep to ehfic bd may nha nfldc
2.1. Nhdng ket qud dgt dUdc vesap xep, tinh gon TCBM hien nay
Bio cio tai Hdi nghi giao ban nginh To chfleXaydflngDang [5], ngiy 02/01/2019, eho bilt, viec thflc Men chu trflpng sip xep lai bd may eua HTCT thdi gian qua da dat kit qua tich cxic. Tdng hpp sP bd din 31/10/2018 cho thay, eae eP quan trung fiPng da giam 7 tdng eye; 202 vu, eye; hPn 14.800 dpn vi cap phdng. Qua dd giam 11 lanh dao tdng eye; gan 180 lanh dao cap vu, cue; gan 900 lanh dao cap phdng va giam hon 900 biln chl.
CJ eic tinh, thinh uy, viec tinh gpn bd may da giira 65 to chflc cap sd; 5.120 dau mdi cap phdng; Hon 170 lanh dao cap
Tap chi Khoa hpe Ndi vu | 59
I KINH NGHliM - THUC TliN ttt sd; khoing 8.350 linh dao cap phdng vi hpn 59.700 biln chl. \'iec trien khai MIm nhi|m chflc danh linh dao quan ly vi hpp nhat rapt sd md Mnh TCBM eung dat kit qua ding kl. Cd gan 600 don vi cap huyen (trin tdng sd 713 dpn \i cap huyen) thfie hiln tbi dilm Trfidng ban Tuyin giio ddng thdi li Giim ddc Trung tim Bdi dfidng chinh tri. Gd 08 dia phfipng sap nhap Trung tim Bdi dfidng chinh tri cap huyen vdi cic ban tham mfiu cap uy boac vdi cic CP quan khic. Vile nay giup giim gan 600 lanh dao cap phdng, hpn 130 biln chl.
Ci nfldc cd gan 250 quan, huyen thfle hi|n thi dil'm trfldng ban Dan van ddng thdi la Chu tich Mat tran Td qudc, giira dflpc khoing 220 lanh dao cap phdng va gan 70 biln chl. Gd 13 tinh ed Trfldng ban Din van ddng thdi li Ghu tich Mat trin To quoe, giup giam 13 lanh dao ban, sd. nginh cap tinh. Trong 713 dPn vi cap huyen da cd gan rapt nfla da triln khai thflc hiln thi dilra Trfldng ban Td chflc ddng thdi li Trfldng phdng Ndi vy, giam 36 linh dao cap phdng vi 11 biln chl;
23 quan, huyen eua 13 tinh, thanh da ed Chu nhilm Uy ban Kiem tra ddng thdi li Chinh thanh tra, giam 23 lanh dao cap phdng vi 9 biln chl.
Theo bao eao tinh hinh thflc Men edng tic CCHC nam 2018 eua Bd Npi vu, hang loat cie bd, nganh, dja phflpng da thflc bien sap xep, tmh gpn bd miy. Cy the, trong nim 2018, Bd Cdng an da sip xep, bd 6 tdng eye, giim gin 60 dPn vi cap eye va gin 300 dPn vi cap phdng; sip nhip 20 sd cinh sit phdng chiy, chfia ehiy vao
60 Tap ehi Khoa hpc Ndi vu
Cdng an tinh, thinh phd; ddng thdi, giim hpn 500 dPn vi cap phdng thude Cdng an tinh, gan 1.000 dPn vi cap dOi thude Cdng an huyen.
Bd Tai chinh giai the 43 phdng giao dich cua Kho bae Nhi nfidc cap tmh, tao dilu Men eho vile sip xep, tinh gpn dau mdi quin ly vi nang eao hilu qui boat ddng eua he thdng Kho bac Nha nfidc trong thdi gian tdi. Bd Tai chinh eung da ban hanh Ke ho^ch sap xip, sip nhap cac chi eye thue cap huyen thanh cie ehi cue thue khu vflc thude cue thui cap tinh. Din nay, 6 dia phflpng da thi diem hpp nhat chi cue thui cap huyin thinh chi eye thue khu viic, giup cat giam 18 chi eye thui vi 110 dpi thui. Tdng eye Hai quan da cat giam dflpe 239 dpi, td thude eic chi cue hii quan vi dPn vi tflpng dflpng.
Mdt sd dia pbflPng da tieh cfie trong edng tie sap xep TCBM nhi nfidc. Tinh Long An sau khi sap xep da giam 95 dau mdi td ehfic trflc thude eae sd, nginh, huyen; giam 84 lanh dao quan ly (49 cap trfldng va 35 cap phd); giam 192 dau mdi dpn vi sfi nghiep cdng lap trin toan tinh vi giam 175 lanh dao quan ly tai cic dpn vi nay (128 cap trfidng va 47 cap phd). Tinh Kiln Giang da giam 19 phdng chuyin radn thude 8 sd vi tfipng dfiPng;
giii tbi 11 phdng dan tdc vi 13 phdng y t l thude UBND cap huyen; cat giam 48 don vi sfi nghiep cdng lip thude tinh. Tinh Bac Ninh giim dflpc 29 cP quan, dPn vi, 38 lanh dao vi 197 biln che, trong dd, giai the Sd Ngoai vu vi chuyen nhilm vy ngoai vy vl Van phdng UBND tinh; sip nhap 7 benh vien da khoa, 8 trung tim y
\ V \ KINH NGHliM-THI/C TliN I te va 8 trung tim din sd - kl hoach hda gia
dinh thinh 8 trung tam y te cap huyen da chfle ning. Ilnh Lao Cai da hpp nhat Sd Giao thdng van tai vdi Sd Xiy dflng thanh Sd Giao thdng van tii - Xay dflng. Hnh Ha Giang hpp nhat Sd Npi vy vdi Ban To ehfic Tinh uy thinh Ban Td cbfie - Ndi vy; hpp nhat Thanh tra tinh vdi Uy ban Kilm tra Tinh uy thinh eP quan Kiem tra - Thanh tra tinh. Mdt sd dia phflpng da hpp nhat Sd Van hda. The thao va Du lich vdi Sd Thdng tin va Truyin thdng, nhfl cie tinh B^c Lilu, Quang Tri. Mpt sd dia pbflPng da ri soat, xay dflng dl in nghiin cfiu chuyen rapt sd nhiem vy, dich vu hanh chinh cdng mi nhi nflde khdng nhat thiet phii thfle hiln sang eho doanh nghiep, cac to chflc xa hpi dam nhiera. Tinh Ddng Thap thi diera chuyin giao cac nhilm vy, dich vu hinh chinh cdng trin dia ban tinh cho doanh nghiep bflu chinh cdng ich eua tinh.
Theo tinh than thfie hien sap xep, sip nhip, tinh gpn TCBM sau 2 nam thfie hien Nghi quyet sd 18-NQ/TW, ed mpt so kit qui nhfl sau:
Cac CP quan trung flPng: Td chflc hanh chinh da giim 26 cue thupe bd, nganh va 2.785 can bd lanb dao, quan ly; DPn vi sfi nghiep da giim 80 dpn vi va 207 can bd lanh dao, quin ly.
Cie dpn vi cap tinh: Td chfle hanh chinh da giam 4.139 td ehfic va 9.893 can bp linh dao, quan ly; Dpn vi sfl nghiep da giam 4.162 dpn vi vi 6.229 can bd lanh d^o, quin ly.
2.2. Mdtsd hgn che, yeu kem vd vdn deddt ra
Hiln nay TCBM eua HTCT, bd may nha nfldc van cdn cdng kinh, nhilu tang nac, nhieu dau mdi:
- Cbfie nang, nhilm vu, quyin ban, TCBM eua rapt sd cp quan, td chflc chfia that rd, cdn chdng cheo, trung lip. Vile phin edng, phin cap, phin quyin gifla cae nganh, cie cap vi trong tflng cP quan, td ehfle chfla hpp ly, ddng bd, cdn tinh trang bao bien, lira thay hoae bd sdt nhilm vu.
- Kiln toan TCBM gan vdi tinh giin bien chl, eP eau lai dpi ngu can bp, edng chflc, viln ehfic chfia dat kit qui cao, nhfi mong mudn
- Gdng tic quin ly nhin sfi chfia chat che, ti II ngfidi phue vu cao, sd lanh dao cap phd nhilu, vile bd nhilm cap "ham"
d mdt sd eP quan Trung fiPng chfla hpp ly. Sd ngfldi hfldng IflPng, phu cap tfi ngan sich nhi nfldc ldn, ngfldi boat ddng khdng chuyen trich cap xa va thdn, td dan phd edn nhilu.
Trong cdng tie TCBM, ed the thay nang Me quan ly, dieu binh va hilu Ifle, hieu qua boat ddng cua rapt sd ca quan nha nflde cdn ban chl. Sfl phoi hpp gifla cac cap, cac nganh, cae dia phflpng thilu chat che. Chfla phan dinh that rd tinh dac thu cua chinh quyin do thi, vdi chinh quyin ndng thdn, hai dao. Cae don vi hanh chinh dia phfipng nhin chung quy md nhd, nhieu dpn vi cap huyen, cap xa chfia bao dam tieu chuan theo quy dinh.
Hoat ddng cua eic Wn phdng doan dai bil'u Qudc bpi cap tmh lim phat sinh rapt so bat cap trong cdng tic can bd, quan ly ein bd. Nhieu td chflc phdi hpp lien Tap cM Khoa hpc Ndi vu | 61
) KINH NGHliM - THt/C TliN ttt
nginh, ban q u i n ly dfi an trfing l i p ve chflc ning, n h i l m vu, h i l u q u i boat ddng chfla eao. "Bd may banh chinh v i dpi ngfi edng ehfic cua chfing ta k h i yeu kem. Bd may n i y dang bi chmh tri bda rat nang n l . Nhieu quan chflc h i n h chinh chi gidi ndi chinh tri, ndi nghi quyet, nhflng lai khdng tai gidi vl chuyin mdn, nghiep vy, khdng gidi dilu hanh. Khdng ed dpi ngu cdng cbfie h i n h chinh tinh hoa, khdng the van hanh bilu q u i md hinh nha nflde Min tao phit triln". "CP e h l xin-cho la ngudn goc cua vile sfi dyng vdn vay tran lan, thieu hilu q u i va giy ra that thoit, ling phi, tao nln bau qua la ganh nang n p cdng...
Mdt h i qua khic cua ca e h l xin -cho cung dang trd t h i n h rao can eua n l n Mnh te phat trii'n la nan tham nhung, hdi Id, tien Idt tay va "bdi trpn". Theo tinh t o i n cua Ngin h i n g T h i gidi (WB), cic nflde dang phit trien, trong dd ed Viet Nam, moi nam that thoat khoang 20-40 ty USD do cie van nan liln quan d i n tham nhung va hdi Id. 6 Viet Nam, the che cung la mdt phan nguyin nhan dan den tinh trang n i y do chung ta van chfla cd dflpc rapt cd che giim sat v i ngan ngfia tham nhung mdt cich cd bilu qui"
Thfie trang ndi t r i n eho thay ed mdt sd nguyen nhan ban chl, bat cap nhfi sau:
Thd nhdt, md hinh tdng t h i v l TCBM cua HTCT chfla dflpc h o i n thien, rapt sd bd phan, Hnh \'uc chfla phu hpp vdi y l u cau, nhiem vu eua thdi k>' mdi.
Thd hai, chu trpng triln khai thflc thi y ehi chinh tri, phan n i o chfla t i p trung h o i n thien cdng tic chuan bi, nhat la ve
m^t p h i p ly.
Thd ba, cdng tic q u i n ly TCB.M chfla chat che va chfla t i p trung thdng nhat v i o mdt dau mdi. Trong n h i l u van b i n quy pham p h i p Mat chuyen nganh van quy dinh ve TCBM, b i l n che; mpt so van b i n p h i p Mat v l td chfle cdn npi dung chfia phu hpp. C P chl, chinh sich khuyen khich viec sap x i p tinh gpn td ehfic, b i l n e h l chfia phu hdp, thieu m a n h me. Vi|e phan bd Mnh phi thfidng xuyln theo biln che chfla gan vdi k i t q u i va hieu qua boat ddng cua eae td ehfic, cd quan, ddn vi l i mpt trong nhflng n g u y i n nhan lam tang biln che.
Thd tu, edng t i e Mem tra. thanh tra, giam sat chfia thfidng xuyln, chfia xfi ly nghiem nhfing tap t h i , ea nhan, cdn tri tre, ban e h l ddi vdi viec sap x i p td chflc, tinh gpn bd miy, tinh gian biln ehl. Gdng t i c lanh dao, cM dao, quan trilt va td chfle thflc h i l n cic ehu trflpng, nghi quylt, quy dinh ve sap xep. Men toan TCBM, tinh gian bien c h l t h i l u Min quylt, ddng bp, van edn tinh trang n l nang, ne tranh, ngai va cham, lpi ich eye bp; edn ed tfl tfldng bao cap, tam ly dfia dam, trdng chd vao Nha nfldc.
Thd ndm, edng t i c tong k i t thfie tien, nghien cflu khoa hpc ve TCBM eua HTCT, he thdng to ehfle nha nfidc cdn chfia dfidc coi trpng, viec thflc hien sd kit, tdng kit, rut Mnh nghiem chfia kip thdi.
Tai philn hpp cua Ban Bi thfi. ngiy 02/01/2019 danh gii kit q u i 5 doan Mem tra thfie h i l n Nghi quylt 18-NQ/TW va Nghi quylt 19-NQ/TW tai cie bp, nganh, 62 Tap ehi Khoa hpc Npi vu
V \ \ KINH NGHliM-THI/C TliN I dja phfidng di neu rd: "Cic doan Mem tra
xie dinh, nguyin nhan khich quan cua nhflng ban chl nlu tren la do thdi gian thflc biln Nghi quylt cdn ngan (hdn 1 nam). Vile trah giin bp raay va Men ehl tic dpng trflc tiep den quyin, lpi ich va tim tfl, tinh cim eua ein bd, dang vien, die bilt la ddi vdi ein bp, dang vien, cdng cbfie, viln cbfie ddi dfl thude dien tinh gian bien ehl... Nguyin nhan chu quan la do cdng tie quin triet Nghi quyet d rapt so it cap uy, td ehfle dang chfla thfldng xuyln, hilu qui thap; rapt sd cap uy va ngfidi dfing dau chfla nhin thfie siu sac, chfia quyet li^t trong lanh dao, ehi dao, thieu Mem tra, giim sat; mot sd cd quan chfia chu ddng tham mflu de xuat giai phap. Id trinh thfie hi?n. Mpt sd cin bp lanh dao ca quan. ddn vi d dia phflpng, ca sd edn tim ly ngai va cham, nl nang, cd tfl tfldng chd cap trin ehi dao mdi lira..."
3. Mpt so giai phap cP ban thfie hien sip xep td ehfic bp may nha nfidc
Nghi quylt sd 18-NQ/TW da chi ra mpt sd nhiem vu doi vdi he thdng to cbfie eua Nhi nfldc nhfl: 1). Cic bd, nginh tilp ti^c thflc hien ddi mdi. Men toan, sap xip TCBM theo hfldng tap trung vao quan ly vi md. xay dflng chien Iflpc. quy hoach, ke hoach. Mat phap, eP che, chinh sich; 2).
Khan trfldng ra soat, cfldng quylt sfia doi, bd sung, hoin thien chfle nang. nhilm vy, quyin ban, trach nhiera moi quan he edng tic gifla cac bp, nginh va cae td chfle trflc thupe cic bd, nginh; 3). Ra soit nhilm vu, quyen ban de phan cap, phan quyin m^h me, hpp ly gifia Chinh phu vdi cae bp, nganh, gifla Chinh phu, eae bd, nganh
vdi chinh quyen dia phfldng dl gdp phan tinh gpn bd miy, tinh giin biln che, nang cao Mlu Iflc, hilu qua boat ddng; 4). Ddi vdi mdt so linh vfic dfipe td ehfic theo nganh dpc, nhfi: Thui, hai quan, kho bae nha nflde, bao hilm xa bdi... tiep tyc thfle bien sip xep td chflc theo khu vflc Hen tinh hoae lien huyin de thu gpn dau mdi, tinh gian biln ehl.
Ddi vdi be thdng TCBMNN, vile sap xep, tinh gpn da ed nhflng kit qui bfldc dau, giira eae dau mdi td chflc, giam nhin sfl lanh dao quin ly, giira biln chl; tao dfldc mdt phong trio cii cich sip xep lai cic ca quan nhi nflde; tiet Mem ding ke ngan sich. Tuy nhiln, chfla cd dfipe eP sd phip ly rd rang de cie dja phfipng ap dyng, thfie hiln; tao nen xu thi sit nhap khdng nhfi nhau ddi vdi cac dia phfidng, tao ra tinh hinh "tram hoa dua nd", se khd eho cdng tie quan ly, cM dao.
De giai quyet nhfing khd khan, yeu kem va thao gd nhflng van dl dat ra, trfldc mat, chung ta can tap trung vio may giii phap ca bin sau:
Mpt la, nghiin cfiu dfia ra md hinh ly thuylt vl TCBMNN, dap flng dflpc vdi nhfing van dl ve ly Man vi thflc tien, hfldng tdi sfi dn dinh va phit trien Mnh te trong mdi trfidng hdi nhip qudc te.
Trong nghien cflu, thfldng neu ra 3 md hmh td ehfle nha nfldc cd ban la: md Mnh tdng thdng, md hinh ban tdng thdng va md hinh dai nghi. Nguyin tie chung vl TCBMNN la td chflc thfle thi quyin Iflc nha nfldc va triln khai to cbfie thflc hiln xay dfing phip Mat, ehmh sach, dfla phip Tap chi Khoa hpc Ndi vu I 63
I KINH NGHliM - THI/C TliN git Mat, chinh sich vio ddi sdng xa hdi. Trong nhflng nghiin cflu gin day, ed nghiin cfiu tip trung phin tich die diem ndi trdi cua eae md Mnh nha nfidc: "Sfi kit hpp gifla md binh dai nghi vi md Mnh tdng thdng da eho ra ddi mdt rad Mnh thiet kl he thdng thfi ba dfipe nhilu nfidc trin the gidi ip dyng. Dd la md hinh tong thdng Ifidng tmh. Die dilm ndi bit eua rad hmh niy li chinh phu vfla cd tdng thdng vi vfia cd thu tfidng. Quyin hinh phap dfipe phan cMa cho hai ylu nhin ndi trin theo nhflng ty 11 khic nhau tuy vio moi nflde. Tuy nhiln, quyen hoach dinh nhfing chmh sich ldn va quyin vl qudc phdng. an ninh vi ngoai giao thfidng thupe ve tdng thdng. Trong md hinh nay, tong thdng thfidng ed vi thi dpc lip vdi qudc bdi, nhfing thu tfidng va npi cic cua thu tfidng lai phai chiu trach nhiera trfide quoe bdi. Diy la md hinh ma Liln bang Nga vi da sd eae nfidc Cdng Hda Xd-Viet trfide day da Ma chpn trong qui trinh chuyin ddi".
Trong mpt nghiin cfiu, tic gii Nguyen Si Dung cho rang: "Sfl Ma chpn dfing dan bpn cho dat nfidc ta cd ve van la md bmh nhi nfidc Min tao phit trien (theo md hinh cic qudc gia Ddng Bac A) chfi khdng ban la md Mnh nha nfldc dieu chinh (theo Mlu Anh-My)". Ong nhin dinh ring, dilu ding ban khoin la nhflng cd gang cua chung ta trong thdi gian gan diy lai cd ve dang di chlch khdi md hinh nha nfldc Men tao phit triln sang md hinh nha nflde dieu chinh. Khi CMnh phu Men tao phat trien dflpc hilu la: "Chinh phu chu ddng thiet kl ra rapt he thdng phip Mat tdt, nbfing chinh sach tdt, the ehl tdt de
nudi dfidng nln Mnh tl phit trien"; "Nha nfidc khdng lam thay thi trfidng"; "Ghinh phu phai Men thiet dflpc mdi trfidng Mnh doanh thuin lpi"...[3].
Trong vile thiet kl md hmh niy can dim bio mdt s6 ylu cau cd bin sau: dim bao thfie thi cac quyin Iflc cua nha nfidc, dim bio tinh truyen thdng, phu hpp vdi xa hpi, van hda; dam bio tinh kl thfla nhflng yeu td thinh phan da cd sfi phu hdp va phit huy tieh c\lc\ dam bio tinh phat triln phu hdp ylu cau phit trien cua xu the ehung hfidng tdi bd miy gpn nhe, boat ddng hilu Ific, hieu qua.
Hai Id, lam rd eP sd ly Man va thflc tien ve pham vi quin ly da nganh, da Hnh v^c eua mpt sd bp, nganh, nhat li nhflng bd, nginh ed cbfie ning. nhiem vy tfidng dong. trung lap. Dfia ra hfldng sap xip td chflc, thu gpn dau mdi nhfl: mpt sd nginh nginh giao thdng-xiy dfing; tai chinh-kl hoach; din tde-tdn giao; khoa hpc-thdng tin; ndi vu-tfi phip; edng an-an ninh.
Thflc hiln sfia doi, bd sung, hoin thien quy dinh vl ehfic nang, nhiem vy, quyin ban, trach nhiera, phara vi boat dpng, mdi quan be cdng tic cua Kiera toan Nha nfidc va cac ca quan MIm tra, thanh tra cie cap trinh chdng cheo trong thfie thi cdng vu. Nghien cflu xem xet sfi can thilt eua TCBMNN ddi vdi Hnh vfic phy nfi, gia dinh; linh vflc thanh niin; van phdng phu Thu tfldng; An ninh qudc gia.
Ba la, can tinh toin ky Mdng ve cP eau TCBM, Ifldng trfide nhflng khd khan trong sap xep lai td ehfic trfide khi triln khai thfie hiln. Han che din mfic cd the 64 Tap ehi Khoa hpc Ndi vu
V \ \ KINH NGHliM-THUC TliN I dung y chi chinh tri i p d i t trong s i p x i p
TCBMNN, ban e h l c i c h ehi dao theo each "vfia chay vfia xep hang", it phu h p p vdi mdi trfidng p h i t trien khoa hpe, edng n g h | h i | n nay. Can nhanh chdng thdng nhit mpt dau mdi q u i n ly v l cdng tie TCBM, q u i n ly v l n h i n sfi trong thilt kl, xiy dfing, td cbfie thfie h i l n ddi vdi he thdng TCBM va edng t i e nhan sfi trong khu vfic cdng. R i soat, sfia ddi, bd sung, hoin thi?n cic Mat va cic quy dinh dfldi luit d i m b i o phu h p p vdi thfle t l trien khai thflc h i | n .
Cii each TCBM va cdng t i c quan ly nhan sfl thflc sfi hieu qua khi thdng nhat dau mdi linh dao, ehi dao doi vdi tfing cong vi|c nhfi: thiet k l bp may, n h i n sfi lanh d?o, q u i n ly, sd Ifipng n h i n viln, dao tao, bdi dfldng, quy hoach, Man chuyen, dinh gii va phai chiu trach nhiem t o i n bp ddi vdi k i t q u i thflc thi cdng vu. Xay dflng phit trien dpi ngu CBCC, tflng bfldc dap flng dflpc yeu cau v l trinh dp va pham chat trong boi c i n h hdi nhap qudc te v i khu vflc.
Bdn la, cbui'n bi rapt each ky Ifldng.
can than, ddng bd v l mat phap ly, ban hanh be thong cac van ban quy pham can thilt vl cic cap q u i n ly TCBM. sd Iflpng dau mdi va nhan sfl tdi t h i l u ddi vdi mdt dpn vi td chflc, tilu chuan can ddi vdi cae nhin sfl lanh dao, q u i n ly cie cap, quy c h l boat ddng va phdi hpp gifla e i c ed quan lien quan va cac e h l tai can thilt kem theo.
Nghiin eflu hinh t h i n h nhdra phoi hpp dilu h i n h tfl van v l edng t i e TCBM va nhan sfl d cap eao n h a m xera xet, nghien cflu, r i soit v l cdng t i e TCBM, sfl ddng
bd eua cac van ban quy phara da ban hanh v i chuan bi ban hanh. Hinh t h i n h trung tira dao tao, bdi dfidng va tuyin dyng edng cbfie n h i nfidc d l tfing bfide thfie hien tilu chuan hda dpi ngu cdng ehfic nha nfidc trong ca nfidc.
Thu tfidng CMnh phu Nguyen Xuan Phue p h i t bilu khai mac Hdi nghi trfie tuyen Chmh phu vdi cic dia phflpng (28/12/2018): "Nilm tra eua nhan dan va sfl lanh dao cua D i n g da dfldc cung ed, chfla bao gid ldn v i sau sic nhfl lue nay. Dieu n i y them mdt lan nfla k h i n g dinh eon dfidng chung ta chpn Ii dung, dfla d i n eho chung ta k h i n i n g chu dpng trong d i l u hanh n l n Mnh t l dat nfldc".
Thu tfldng nhan dinh, nam 2019 se cing quan trpng hPn vdi dat nflde, tren tat c i cae mat kinh t l , chinh tri, xa hdi va nhan raanh: "can tim giai phap manh me khpi thdng, huy dpng mpi ngudn Iflc cho phit trien" "Khdng the do ldi cho the c h l ban e h l vi rapi chinh sach deu do can bd nha nflde lira ra".
T A I LIEU T H A M KHAO 1 , h t t p : / / w w w . r o m e e o n o m i c s . e o r a / b egin ners-guide-developmental - state/
2 . h t t p : / / v o v . v n / c h i n b - t r i / n g h i - v e - chinh-phu-Men-tao-588903.vov
3 . h t t p s : / / v i e t n a m n e t . v n / v n / tuanvietnam/tieudiem/cai-cach-the-che- lua-ehon-cho-\det-nam-571372.html
4. Nghi quylt sd 30c/NQ-GP, ngiy 08/11/2011 cua CMnh phu ban hanh chflpng trinh Tdng the C C H C nha nfldc giai doan 2011-2020
Tap chi Khoa hpc Ndi vu | 65
