TAP CHl KHOA HQC TRlTONG BAI HQC HONG BlTC - SO 47.2019
QUAN TRI$T QUAN D I E M DAI HOI XII CUA DANG VE BAY MANH CONG NGHIEP HOA HIEN DAI HOA DI DOI VOI BAD VE TAI NGUYEN, MOI TRlTdNG CHO SINH VIEN THONG
QUA GIANG DAY MON BlfONG LOI CACH MANG CUA BANG CONG SAN VIETNAM
TOM T A T
Dudi su lanh dgo cita Ddng, Sli nghiep cong nghiep hda. Men dgi hda a nudc ta da dgt dugc tlhOng Ihanh tuu hit .iuc to lan. Tuy nhien di kem vdi su phdt trien kinh te, moi truang lu nhien dang bi 6 nhiim ndng, Idi nguyen bi khai thdc can kiet gdy tac dgng xdu din sdn xudi vd ddi sdng Di ddm bag cho ddt nuac phdt triin bin vOng, viec qudn triet vd thuc hien nghiem tiic quan diim Dgi hgi XII cua Ddng vi ddy mgnh cong nghiep hoa. Men dai hoa di doi vdi bdo ve tdi nguyen, moi truang la mgt trgng nhOng nhiem vu cd y nghia dac biel quan trgng Irong giai dogn Men nay. Sinh vien la lue lugng chii lyc tiip luc thuc hien su nghiep edng nghiep hoa. Men dgi hoa Irong giai dogn trudc mdi, do dd hg cdn phai nim viing vd thuc hien dung quan diim ciia Dgi hgi Dang ldn thii XII ve vdn de ndy
Tir khoa: Bdng cgng sdn Viet Nam, Dai hoi XII, cong nghiep hoa. Men dgi hda, bdo ve Idi nguyen, moi trudng.
1. DATVANDE
Cimg voi qua trinh diy manh cong nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa. Dang ta rit quan tam din vin dl bao ve tai nguyen, moi trudng. Nhilu Nghi quyet ciia Bp chinh tn cung nhu Nghi quylt ciia cac ky Dai hoi Dang da lien tuc dl ra nhirng chu truong, chinh sach, giai phap dl nang cao y thuc va hanh dpng ciia can bp, dang vien, doanh nghiep va nguoi dan dli vdi viec bao ve tai nguyen, moi tmdng trong qua trinh day manh cong nghiep hoa, hi,n dai hda. Tuy nhien "y thuc bao ve moi tnrdng eiia mpt bp phan ngudi dan va doanh nghiep chua cao" [7; tr.258]. Bing chung la tinh trang can kiet tai nguyen, o nhiem mot tmong co diu hieu ngay cang nghiem trpng han, da va dang de dpa den sire khoe tmh mang con ngudi va su phat tnin bin vimg cua dit nudc. Do dd, vice quan tnp. va thuc h i » ngh em tuc quan dilm eua Dang, dac biet la quan dilm ciia Dai hpi XII ve day manh cong nghipp hda, hien dai hda di doi vdi bao ve tai nguyen, moi tnrdtrg cho cac tang lop nhan da„ he^
sue cip thil, va quan trpng. D l gdp phin thuc hien nhiem v^ do trong ^a. " t nay toi xm dupc trap ddi vin dl: Quan tnet qnan dilm cua Dai hdi XII ve f=^ » ' * ^ ^ / J ^ ^ P ' ^ hien da, hda di doi vd, bao vc tai nguyen, moi tnrdng cho sinh vien thong qua giang day mon Dudng l6i each mang cua Dang cpng san Viet Nam.
' Oioa ly \mn Chinh In -Lugl, Tnrdng Dailmc Hmg Due
TAP c m KHOA HOC TRlfCWG BAI HQC HONG I
2. NOI DUNG
Chuang trinh mdn hpe "Dudng loi each mang ciia Dang cdng san Viet Nam C cho sinh vien dai hpc, cap ding khoi khdng chuyen nganh Mac-Lenin, tu tucmg ^ Minh) do Bp Giao due va Dao tap ban hanh gom S chuong, trong dd chuong " " ^Y dudng loi cua Dang vl cdng nghiep hda. D I quan triet quan dilm Dai hp^ XII cua ang ve day manh cdng nghiep hda. Men dai hda di ddi vdi biio ve tai nguyen, mdi huong cho s u ^ vien, theo tdi cin ling ghep npi dung nay trong qua trinh giang day phan II cua chuong TV.
Dudng ldi cdng nghiep hda, quan diem thii nhat, muc Quan dilm ctia Dang ve^cong nghiep hda, hien dai hda thdi ky ddi mdi. Bdi vi qua nghien ciiu va giang day tdi thay rang, giao hinh mdn "Dudng ldi each mang cua Dang cpng san Viet Nam" lin tai ban mdi nhat (nam 2016), chua bd sung, cap nhat quan diem cua Dai hpi XU v l diy manh cdng nghiep hda.
Men dai hda di ddi vdi bao ve tai nguyen, mdi hudng. Cu thi, theo tdi ndi dung can long ghep trong bai giiing ve van de nay nhu sau:
Mgt Id, Bgi hgi XII chu trucmg ddy mgnh cong nghiep hoa. Men dgi hoa phdi di doi vdi ndng eao trdch nhiem, hieu qud qudn li, khai thdc, sU dung Idi nguyen, bdo ve moi truimg
Nam 1996, tren co sd nhimg tien de duoc tap ra sau mudi nam ddi mdi, Dai hdi Dang toan quoc lan thu VllI khang dinh rang "nudc ta da chuyen sang thdi ki phat trien mdi, thdi ki day manh cdng nghiep hda, hien dai hda [3; tr.18]. Cimg vdi qua trinh day manh cdng nghiep hda, nudc ta da sdm cd chien luge bao ve moi trudng, Luat bao ve mdi tnrdng, he thdng quan ly nha nudc ve mdi trudng. Trong thdi gian qua nudc ta cting da cd nhieu cd gang va tien bd trpng bap ve mdi trudng, bao ve thien nhien, nhat la khdi phuc va phat trien rimg, ngan ngira, han che duoc mpt phan nan d nhiem do phat trien cdng nghiep gay ra, da xir ly dupc mpt sd tra'dng hop su cd mdi trudng... The nhung nhin chung tinh trang mdi trudng nudc ta van dang trong chieu hudng suy thoai nghiem tt-png. Nan d nhilm d cac khu cdng nghiep dang gia tang, nhieu noi dang la vin d l nan giai. Tir nam 2004, Nghi quylt sd 41-NQ/TW ngay 15/11/2004 Bp Chinh tri (Khda IX) "Vl bao ve mdi hudng trong thdi ky day manh cdng nghiep hda, hien dai hda dat nudc" da nhan dinh: "mdi trudng nudc ta vin tiep tuc bi xudng cap nhanh, cd noi, cd luc da din mirc bao dpng: dat dai bi xdi mdn, thoai hoa; chat luong cac ngudn nudc suy giam manh; khdng khi d nhilu do thi, khu dan cu bi d nhilm nang; khdi lupng phat sinh va muc dp dpc hai ciia chit thai ngay cang tano; tai nguyen thien nhien trong nMeu trudng hap bi khai thac qua mirc, khdng cd quy hoach' da dang sinh hpc bi de dpa nghiem trpng; dilu kien ve sinh mdi ttu'dng, cung cip nude sach d nhieu nai khdng bao dam. Vice day manh phat hiln cdng nghiep, dich vu, qua hinh dd thi hoa, su gia tang dan sd trong khi mat dp dan sd da qua cao, tinh hang ddi ngheo chua duoc khac phuc tai mdt sd viing ndng thdn, mien niii, cac tham hpa do thien tai va nhimg diln b ' i xiu ve khi hau toan ciu dang tang, gay ap luc ldn len tai nguyen va mdi trudng, dat cons tac bao ve mdi trudng trudc nhimg thach thirc gay gat".
6 nhilm mdi trudng la mpt hpng nhimg nguyen nhan co ban gay ra thien tai d' h benh, nhat la cac benh Mem ngheo d nude ta. Theo chia se cua GS.TS. Nguyln VietT"'
T ^ c m KHOA HQC TRlTCfNG BA.I HOC HONG BLTC - SO 47.2019
Thu micmg thuang true Bd y te, Viet Nam la mdt trong nhimg nudc co ty le nguoi mSc moi va tu vong do ung thu tang nhanh tren thd gioi (hr 68.000 nguoi mic moi nam 2000 tang Ien gSn 165.000 ngudi vao nam 2018, dy bao con sd nay se tang len 200 nghm ngucri m5c moi vao nam 2020) [8]. Ben canh do nhidu dich benh diln bidn phuc tap nhu sdt phat ban, cam cum, viem nao, yiem gan... gay anh hudng nghiem nong den kinh td va sue khde con ngucri.
Nhan thiic ro dieu do, ngay khi nuoc ta mdi budc vao thdi ky cdng nghiep hda, hien dai hda dat nudc, Bd Chinh tn da ban hanh chl thi sd 36-CT/TW ngay 25/6/1998 vd "Tang cudng cong tac bao ve mdi trucmg trong thdi ky cdng nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa dk nudc". Chi thj da neu ro: "Bao ve mdi trudng la vdn de sdng cdn cua dit nudc, cua nhan loai; ia nhiem vu cd tinh xa hdi sau sac, gan lien voi cuoc dau tranh xda ddi giam nglieo d mdi nudc, vdi cuoc diu tranh \^ hoa binh va tien bd hen pham vi toan thd gioi". Cdng nghiep hda, hien dai hda voi mdi truang la hai van de cd mdi quan he hiha ca vdi nhau. Neu chiing ta chi chu y ddn cong nghiep hda, hien dai hda de dem lai hieu qua kinh td thuSn tuy, ma quen vin d^ mdi tmdng thi hieu qua kinh te thu dugc chua han da giai quyet dugc hau qua do d nhilm mdi tnidng gay ra. Do do, bao ve tai nguyen, mdi nucmg cd y nghTa hdt siic ldn lao ddi vdi su nghiep phat trien cua nudc ta trong thdi ky day manh cdng nghiep hda, hien dai hda dit nudc. Quan diem do tiep tuc dugc Dang ta khing djnh trong cac van kien Dai hdi Dang IX, X va XI. Neu nhu tai Dai hgi IX, viec xay dung co sd khoa hgc cho viec khai thac tai nguyen thien nhien, bao ve mdi trudng, phdng tranh giam nhe thien tai duoc giao thanh trach nhiem cua khoa hgc tu nhien va chinh sach bao ve mdi trudng dugc gin vdi cac chinh sach xa hdi khac thi den Dai hdi X, lan dau tien trong bao cao ve Phucmg hudng, nhiem vu phat trien kinh te - xa hgi giai doan 2006 - 2010, Dang ta da dua ra chi tieu ve mdi trudng (do che phu hmg; ty le dan cu dugc dimg nudc sach; chi tieu ve xu ly chat thai) va "tang cudng bao ve, cai thien mdi trudng, bao ve tai nguyen thien nhien" dugc xac dinh la mgt trong sau nhiem vu thudc "dinh huang phat trien nganh, ITnh vuc va viing". Den Dai hdi ian thu XI, Dang ta tiep tac xac dinh: "nang cao nhan thiic va y thiic trach nhiem cua toan xa hdi, trudc het la cua lanh dao cac cap ve bao ve mdi trudng" [6; tr.221], ndi dung bao ve radi trudng da dugc nang len mot tim cao mdi, gin chat vdi qua trinh cdng nghiep hda, hien dai hda: "Dua ndi dung bao ve mdi trudng vao chidn luge, quy hoach, ke hoach phat trien nganh, ITnh vyc, vung va cac chucmg trinh duan dau tu" [6; tr.221].
KS thira quan didm ciia cac dai hgi ti^dc, Dai hdi XII cua Dang rit quan tam ddn van dh diy manh cdng nghiep hoa, hien dai hda vdi bao ve tai nguyen, mdi trudng. Danh gia v6 vin dd khai thac tai nguyen va 6 nhilm mdi trudng d nudc ta hien nay Dai hdi da chi ro: "Tai nguyen chua dugc khai thac, sii dung cd hieu qua va ban viing; mgt sd tai nguyen bi khai thac qua miic dSn tdi suy thoai, can kiet, 6 nhiem mdi nudng tiep tuc gia tang, cd nai nghiem trgng...; da dang sinh hoc suy giam, nguy ca mat can bang sinh thai dang diln ra tren dien rgng anh hudng tieu cue dgn phat tridn kinh te - xa hdi, sire khde va ddi sdng nhan dan" [7; tr.l40]. Tir dd Dai hoi XII dac biet coi trgng cdng tac bao ve tai nguyen, mdi trudng: "Tai nguyen la tai san qudc gia, la ngudn luc quan trgng cua dat nudc phai dugc quan h, bao ve, khai thac, su dung tidt kiem, hgp li, cd hieu qua va ben vung" va
"ngan chan hmg budc khic phuc sy xudng cip cua moi trudng tg nhien do chu quan con
TAP c u t KHOA HOC TRlTONG SAI HOC 11
ngudi, nhit la do cac du an kinh tl gay ra. Bao ve mdi hudng tu nMen vira la npi un& ^^^
la muc tieu phat friln bin vimg Han chl, tiln tdi khic phuc can ban tinh hang huy °^
can kiet tai nguyen, d nhilm mdi frudng ciia cac co sd san xuit cua cac khu <^°'^S ^ ^ ' khu dd thi" [7; tr.141,142]. Dl thuc Men dupc chii fruong nay, dilm mdi ciia Bai pi^ a da xac dinh phai "nang eao Mch nMem, hieu qua quan li, khai thac, su dung tai nguy™ cua ca he thdng chinh fri va toan xa hdi" [7; fr.l42] va phai "hoan thien he thdng phap taat, ban hanh cac chl tai du manh d l bao ve mdi frudng, ngan chan xir 11 theo phap luat nham cham dirt tinh frang gay d nhilm mdi tnrdng" [7; fr. 144]. Tir viec quan ttiet quan diem Dai hpi XH cua Dang vl diy manh cdng nghiep hda. Men dai hda di ddi vdi viec bao ve tai nguyen, moi ttudng giang vien cin chi ra frach nhiem cua sinh vien frong viec thuc hien chu truong nay.
Dd la smh vien phai cd frach nhiem tham gia bao ve tai nguyen, mdi trirdng bang nhiing hanh ddng thilt thuc nhu friyen huyln chu tnrong, chinh sach ciia Dang ve cdng nghiep hda di ddi vdi bao ve tai nguyen mdi ttudng; khdng thuc hien hoac tilp tay cho cac hoat ddng gay d nMlm, pha hpai tai nguyen, mdi trudng; td cao cac ca nhan, td chiic, doanh ngMep cd hanh vi gay d nhiem pha hoai, hiiy hoai tai nguyen, mdi frudng. Giang vien cimg can luu y cho sinh vien ring nhirng ca nhan, tii chiic, doanh nghiep cd hanh vi gay d nhilm hoac hiiy hoai tai nguyen, mdi trudng se hi xir li nghiem minh theo quy dinh ciia phap luat.
Hai Id, Dgi hpi XII tiep tuc khdng dinh cong nghiep hoa, hien dgi hoa gdn vdi phdt trien kinh te tri thirc la con dudng phdt trien tdt yeu cita nudc ta vd do ciing chinh Id mgt bien phdp hOu hieu de bdo ve tdi nguyen, moi truimg
Qua trinh cdng nghiep hda hon hai the ky qua da lam tang rat nhieu ciia cai tten Trai, dua lai su giau cd, phdn vinh cho nhieu qudc gia, nhung do la each san xuat, khai thac ao at va tieu thu ao at, chay theo lpi nhuan, vi nhirng lai ich trudc mat, do do da lara dung thai qua ngudn tai nguyen thien nhien, bat chap mdi trudng sdng ciia con ngudi va nhimg dilu kien cho su phat trien frong tuang lai. Cach san xuit dd cdn la do sir han chl v l kha nang cdng nghe. Ro rang, ngay nay cac nudc di sau khdng thi lap lai con dudng cdng nghiep hda do dupc ma phai di theo hudng cdng nghiep hda smh thai, cdng nghiep hda tuan thii nguyen tac bao ve tai nguyen mdi trudng, phat trien ben vimg.
Thi gidi ngay nay dang chuyin sang nin kinh tl tti thuc, luc lupng san xuit tit chd dua Miilu vao vat chit dang chuyen sang dua nhilu hon vao tri luc va sue sang tao ciia con ngudi. Nhd sir dung cac tri thuc mdi, cac qua trinh san xuit mdi dua vao cdng nghe cao va cdng nghe thdng tin, cho nen ciia cai tao ra nhieu hon ma tieu hao tai nguyen va nang luang it di, tdng frpng luong cua san phim tang khdng dang kl. Do vay, phat triln kinh t l tri thiic la nhim muc tieu phat frien nhanh va bin virng. Chi cd phat triln kinh tl tri thtrc mdi giai quylt dupc man thuan giira cdng nghiep hda va suy thoai mdi trudng. Trong giai doan ttne tde, day nhanh cdng nghiep hda. Men dai hda d nudc ta Men nay, vin d l ndi com hane d i 1' giai quyet mdi quan he giira lpi ich kinh te va lpi ich mdi trudng, ma thuc chit la giira 1 ' ' h trudc mat va lpi ich liiu dai. Bdi vay, cdng nghiep hda. Men dai hda gin vdi phat triln k" li t"
fri thirc la budc di tit yeu ma Viet Nam se phai friii qua.
TAP CHi KHOA HQC TRlTCWG BAI HQC H 6 N G BJfC - s 6 4 7 J ^
ngudi, nhit la do cac du an kinh t6 gay ra. Bao ve mdi trudng ty nhien vira la ndi dung, vua la muc tieu phat tridn bin viing. Han chl, tiln toi khic phye can ban tinh trang hiiy hoai lam can kiet tai nguyen, d nhiem mdi trudng cua cac co sd san xuat ciia cac khu cdng nghiep, khu do thi" [7; tr.141,142]. Dd thuc hien dugc chu truong nay, dilm mdi ciia Dai hgi XII la da xae djnh phai "nang cao trach nhiem, hieu qua quan li, khai thac, sir dung tai nguyen cua ea hd thdng chinh tri va toan xa hgi" [7; tr.l42] va phai "hoan thien he thdng phap luat, ban hanh cac ehl tai dii manh dh bao ve mdi trudng, ngan ehan xu li theo phap luat nham cham diit tinh trang gay d nhilm mdi trudng" [7; tr.l44]. Tir viee quan tridt quan diem Dai hgi XU eua Dang v l diy manh edng nghiep hda, hien dai hda di ddi vdi viec bao ve tai nguyen, moi trudng giang vien can chi ra trach nhiem ciia sinh vien trong viee thuc hien chu truang nay.
Dd la smh vien phai cd ti:ach nhiem tham gia bao ve tai nguyen, mdi trudng bang nhung hanh ddng thilt thyc nhu tuyen fruyin chii truang, chinh sach cua Dang ve cdng nghiep hda di ddi vdi bao ve tai nguyen mdi trudng; khdng thye hien hoac tidp tay cho cae hoat ddng gay d nhilm, pha hoai tai nguyen, mdi truang; td eao eae ca nhan, td chiie, doanh nghiep cd hanh vi gay d nhilm pha hoai, hiiy hoai tai nguyen, mdi trudng. Giang vien cimg can luu y eho sinh vien rang nhiing ca nhan, td chiic, doanh nghiep ed hanh vi gay d nliiera hoac buy hoai tai nguyen, mdi trudng se bj xu li nghiem minh theo quy dinh cua phap luat.
Hai la, Dgi hdi XII dip tue khdng dinh cdng nghiep hda. Men dgi hda gan vai phdt trien kinh te tri thitc la con ducmg phdt triin tdt yiu ciia nude ta vd dd ciing chinh la mgt biin phdp hint hiiu de bdo vi tdi nguyen, mdi trudng
Qua trinh cdng nghiep hda hon hai the ky qua da lam tang rat nhieu ciia cai tren Trai, dua lai su giau cd, phdn vinh cho nhieu qude gia, nhung do la each san xuat, khai thac ao at va tieu thy ao at, chay theo lgi nhuan, vi nhftng lgi ich trudc mat, do dd da lam dung thai qua ngudn tai nguyen thien nhien, b^t chap mdi trudng sdng eiia eon ngudi va nhimg dieu kien cho sy phat trien trong tuong lai. Cach san xuat dd cdn la do sy ban ehe ve kha nang cdng nghe. Rd rang, ngay nay cac nudc di sau khdng the lap lai con dudng cdng nghiep hda do duge ma phai di theo hudng cdng nghiep hda sinh thai, cdng nghiep hda tuan thii nguyen tie bao ve tai nguyen mdi trudng, phat trien ben vimg.
Thi gidi ngay nay dang chuyen sang nen kinh te tri thirc, luc lugng san xuit tir chd dya nhieu vao vat chat dang chuyen sang dua nhieu han vao tii lye va siic sang tao ciia con ngudi. Nhd sir dyng cac tn thirc radi, cac qua trinh san xuit mdi dua vao cdng nghe cao va cdng nghe thdng tin, cho nen ciia cai tao ra nhieu hon ma tieu hao tai nguyen va nang lugng h di, tdng ygng lugng cua san phim tang khdng dang kl. Do vay, phat triln kinh tl tri thiic la nhim muc tieu phat trien nhanh va ben viing. Chi cd phat triln kinh tl tri thirc mdi giai quyet dugc mau thuan giiia cdng nghiep hda va suy thoai mdi trudng. Trong giai doan tang tde, day nhanh cdng nghiep hda, hien dai hda d nudc ta hien nay, van de ndi com hang diu la giai quyet mdi quan he giira lgi ich kinh te va lgi ieh mdi trudng, ma thyc chit la giua loi ich trudc mat va lgi ich lau dai. Bdi vay, cdng nghiep hda, hien dai hda gan vdi phat trien kinh t l tri thiic la budc di tat yen ma Viet Nam se phai nai qua.
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TAP CHI KHOA HOC TRgOlNG BAI HOC HONG BlTC - SO 47.2019
Qua mdi ky Dai hpi. Dang deu dua ra nhiing chii huong, dudng ldi, chinh sach tMSt thuc nhim thuc Men thing lpi su nghiep cdng nghiep hda, hien dai hda dit nudc, dac biet ttong bdi canh toan ciu hda gin vdi phat trien kinh t l tri thiic Men nay. Tuy nhien, khi danh gia tdng quat kit qua thuc Men Nghi quylt dai hpi XI (2011 - 2015), Bao cap ehinh tti Dai hdi XII da neu: "Nin kmh t l vin chu ylu phat ttien theo chilu rdng, tang ttirdng kinh tl cdn phu thupc nhilu vao cac ylu td v l vdn, tai nguyen, lao dpng tnnh dp thip, chua dua nMiu vao tri thiic, khpa hpc va cdng nghe, lao ddng cd ky nang" [7; tt.84]. Dd la nguyen nhan ca ban din den nguy ca tut hau ngay cang xa han ve kinh t l so vdi cac nudc frong khu virc va fren th8 gidi. Bao eao cM'nh tri ciing khang dinh nguyen nhan cua nhirng ban chl, ylu kem fren la do qua trinh "Thuc Men cdng nghiep hda, hien dai hda cdn cham, chua gin vdi phat triln kinh tl fri thirc" [7; fr.85].
Ke thira va phat huy nhimg thanh tuu, bai hpc hpc kinh ngMem ciia han 30 nam ddi mdi, nhit la 5 nam gan day, Dai hpi dai bilu toan qudc lin thic XII cua Dang da neu ra phuang hudng phat trien dat nudc ttong 5 nam (2016 - 2020) la: "Day manh cdng nghiep hda, hien dai hda, phan dau sdm dua nudc ta co ban ttd thanh nudc cdng nghiep theo hudng Men dai" [7; fr.89] vdi chii truong "cdng nghiep hda. Men dai hda frong giai doan tdi la tiep tuc thuc hien md hinh cdng nghiep hda. Men dai hda trong dieu kien phat trien kinh te thi trudng dinh hudng xa hdi chii ngMa va hpi nhap qudc te gan vdi phat trien kinh te tri thiic, lay khoa hpc, cdng nghe, tri thirc va ngudn nhan lire chit lugng cao lam ddng luc chu yen"
[7; tt.90]. Dai hpi cdn neu rd: "Day la chii trucmg ldn, quan trpng dupc neu ra tir Dai hdi XI cua Dang. Trong thdi gian tdi can tiep tuc day manh qua trinh nay theo hudng ket hpp cd Men qua phat trien cMeu rpng vdi chieu sau, nang cao chat lupng tang frudng va sire canh tranh tren ca sd nSng cao nang suSt lao ddng, img dung tien bd khoa hpc - cdng nghe, ddi mdi va sang tao, nang cao chat luang ngudn nhan luc, phat huy lpi the so sanh va chii ddng hpi nhap qudc t l " [7; fr.22]. Qua ttinh cdng nghiep hda. Men dai hda gin vdi phat triln kmh tl tri thiic d nudc ta vita nhSm muc tieu tang ttudng kmh t l - xa hdi (phai dat duac muc tieu tang nang suit lao dpng nhimg vin phai tao them ngay cang nhieu viec lam va thu nhap cho ngudi lao dpng. Bao dam thu hep khoang each giau ngheo giiia cac tang lop dan cu, hudng tdi dan chii, cdng bing, van mmh) vita phai hudng tdi muc tieu bao ve tai nguyen, mdi frudng, dam bao cho nudc ta phat ttien ben vilng.
Cdng nghiep hda. Men dai hda gin vdi phat friln kmh t l tti thiic la phai hudng manh vao phat friln cac nganh cdng nghe cao, cdng nghe sach, ttlc la dua nhilu hon vao ngudn luc tti hie, it hon vao tai nguyen thien nMen d l phat hiln kinh tl. Tai nguyen la cd han, phin ldn tai nguyen la khdng tai sinh, ciSc he sinh thai tu nhien mdt khi pha di khd long hdi phuc dupc. Vdi tti thuc va nang lire sang tao, con ngudi cd thi phat huy cac gia tti cua tu nhien ban cho ma khdng lam tdn hai nd; sil dung cac cdng nghe mdi, cdng nghe sach, thuc Men "san xuit sach" la npi dung va yen ciu ca ban ciia cdng cupc cdng ngMep hda dua vao tti thurc. c i n bilt tan dung thdi ca kinh t l ni thiic dl chuyin hudng sang cac nganh dua nMiu han vao tri thilc, tieu hao it tai nguyen, it nang lupng, it phe thai, gia tti gia tang cao.
Nhu vay, cdng nghiep hda, hien dai hda gin vdi phat triln kmh te tri thirc la mdt trong nhiing nhiem vu ttpng tam trong nhiem ky Dai hdi XII cua Dang nhim phin dau sdm dua
TAP CHi KHOA HOC TRlTonVG PAI HOC HONG B(fC - SOjZJglg-
nudc ta trd thanh nudc cdng nghiep theo hudng hien dai. Muon diy manh sy nghiep eong nghiep hda, hien dai hda radt each ben viing va hdi nhap qude te ngay cang sau rgng khong cdn con dudng nao tdt han eon dudng phat triln manh kinh t l tri thiic, cham lo phat tnen van hda va con ngudi, ddi moi md hinh tang trudng, ca cau lai nen kinh t l tao ra the va lyc de chu dgng hgi nhap kinh te the gidi. Nhiing dilm mdi trong tu duy ciia Dang ve chien luge cdng nghiep hda, hien dai hda dugc neu ra trong Dai hdi Dang lan thii XII, mdt mat la su tiep ndi nhftng quan diem, tu tudng nhat quan ciia Dang ve cdng nghiep hda, hien dai hda trong cac ky dai hdi trudc, mat khac la su bd sung, phat tnen cu thi hda hem de trien khai cd hieu qua nhiing nhiem vu cu the trong tinh hinh mdi. Sinh vien la tinh hoa ciia dat nude, la the he tri thiic tuang lai, do dd can phai xac dinh ro trach nhiem cua minh la phai ra siic hgc tap, nghien cim, biet su dung cdng nghe eao, sang tao cdng nghe mdi phu hgp vdi dieu kien, tinh hinh thue tien ciia dat nudc gdp phan thyc hien thanh cdng chu trucmg eiia Dang ve cdng nghiep hda, hien dai hda gan vdi phat triln kinh te tri thirc, dam bao cho nudc ta phat trien nhanh va bao ve tdt mdi trudng sinh thai.
Ba Id, Bgi hgi XII cua Ddng ehu truang cdng nghiip hda. Men dgi hda phdi ddm bdo cho ddt nudc phdt triin nhanh vd bin vimg, phii hgp vdi diiu kiin cua timg giai dogn
Sau 30 nam ddi mdi nudc ta da dat dugc nhung thanh tuu rat ldn, gdp phan dua dat nude vugt ra khdi tinh trang mgt nudc ngheo, kem phat trien. Tuy nhien vai diem xuat phat thap, nguy co tut hau xa hem ve kinh te so vdi cac nudc trong khu vyc va tren the gidi dang la mgt thach thuc rat ldn ddi vdi nudc ta. De vugt qua dugc thach thirc do, ddi hdi nudc ta phai cd tde dd tang trudng nhanh. Tuy nhien ehii truang ciia Dang la khdng danh ddi mdi trudng vi muc tieu phat trien kinh te. Hien nay chinh sach nhat quan va lau dai cua Dang ta la phat trien cdng nghiep phai tren ca sd phat trien ben vung. Day manh cdng nghiep hda, hien dai hda phai hudng tdi thye hien phuong hudng phat trien kinh te - xa hgi trong 5 nam tdi ma Dai hdi XII xac dinh la: "Dam bao phat trien nhanh, ben vung... Phat trien hai hda giua chieu rdng va ehieu sau, chii trgng phat trien ehieu sau; phat trien kinh te tri thire, kinh te xanh. Phat trien kinh te phai gan ket chat che vdi phat trien van hda, xa hdi, bao ve mdi trudng, ehii ddng iing phd vdi bien ddi khi ban [7: tr.270]. Nhu vay dam bao eho nudc ta phat trien nhanh va ben vftng la ehii trucmg rat rd rang ciia Dai hgi Dang lan thir XII. Trong bdi canh the gidi va trong nudc hien nay, Dang chii truang nudc ta phai phat trien nlianh hon de nit ngan khoang each vdi eac nudc trong khu vyc va thi gidi d l khdng tut hau xa han nfta. Nhung ddng thdi vdi viec phat triln nhanh cdn phai dam bao cho dat nudc phat nien ben virng. Try cdt cua phat triln bin vung d nudc ta hien nay la bao gdm ca kinh te, xa hgi va radi trudng.
Nhu vay rauc tieu phat trien ben vung theo hnh than Nghi quylt Dai hgi XII cua Dang la phai dat dugc sy day dii ve vat chat, sy giau cd vl tinh thin va van hda, sy binh ding ciia cac cdng dan va sy ddng thuan ciia xa hdi, sy hai hda gifta con ngudi va ty nhien. Phat triln phai ket hgp chat che, hgp ly va hai hda dugc ba raat la phat trien kinh te, phat triln xa hdi va bao ve mdi trudng, Trong do, muc tieu ciia phat trien bin vung v l mdi trudng la khai thac hgp ly, su dung tiet kiera tai nguyen thien nhien; phdng ngua, ngan chan, xii ly va kilm soat
32
TAP CHt KHOA HOC TRlTONG DAI HQC HONG BLTC - SO 47.2019
cd hieu qua d nhiem mdi trudng, bao ve tdt mdi trudng sdng; khic phuc suy thoai va cai thien chit lugng mdi tiordng. Tren co sd quan dilra ciia Dang, giang vien cin luu y sinh vien ring, sau nay du cdng tac trong bat ky ITnh vuc nao, trong gia dinh ciing nhu ngoai xa hgi phai ludn ludn quan triet va thuc hien nghiem tiic quan dilm cua Dang vl phat trien nhanh va ben vung, khong chay theo so lugng tang trudng hoac muc tieu tang trudng kinh tl bing bit cir gia nao. Cd nhu vay mdi gdp phan dam bao thuc hien thanh edng chu truang, dudng ldi raa Dang da dd ra, dam bao cho dat nudc phat trien nhanh va ben viing.
3. KET L U A N
Cd the thay, quan diem, chu truang cua Dai hdi XII vl van de day manh cdng nghiep hda hien dai hda di ddi vdi bao ve tai nguyen, mdi trudng ed y nghTa vo ciing quan trgng ddi vdi nudc ta hien nay. Tren co sd quan diem, chu tiirong cua Dang ve day raanh cdng nghiep hda, hien dai hda di ddi vdi bao ve, tai nguyen mdi trudng ma Dai hdi XH da thdng qua, mdi ngudi dan can nang cao nhan thiic, y thuc va trach nhiem trong viec bao ve mdi trudng, nhat la trong viec chap hanh ehii truong, chinh sach ciia Dang, phap luat cua Nha nudc ve mdi trudng trong qua trinh san xuat, kinh doanh. Mdi td ehiie, ea nhan, doanh nghiep can phat huy tinh than tu giac va cd y thuc cao trong viec bao ve mdi trudng, khdng vi Igi ich trudc mat raa gay anh hudng den mdi trudng. Mat khae mdi mdt ngudi dan, td chirc, doanh nghiep cung can nhan thiic dugc rang viec khong tuan thu phap luat, chii tm'ong, dudng ldi, ehinh sach ciia Dang ve bao ve mdi tmdng thi se bi xu ly nghiem rainh theo quy dinh cua phap luat. Bao ve mdi tiudng la mgt ndi dung co ban khdng thi tach rai ti-ong dudng ldi, chu Uuang va ke hoach phat triln kinh t l - xa hgi cua tit ca cae cip, cac nganh, la ca sd quan trpng bao dara phat tridn bin vimg, tiiuc hien thing lgi su nghiep cdng nghiep hda, hien dai hda dat nudc. Khdng the cd mdt su phat triln kinh te bin vung ma khdng di ddi vdi viec bao ve mdi trudng, khai thac hgp ly tai nguyen. Quan dilm nay phai dugc quan triet sau sac va phai dugc the hien trong raoi quy hoach, kl hoach, du d quy md hay loai hmh doanh nghiep nao. Thanh cdng cua su nghiep ddi mdi da chiing minh dudng ldi xay dung, phat trien dat nudc ciia Dang la diing dan va phii hgp vdi quy luat phat triln cua nudc ta. Chiing ta tm tudng ring khi toan Dang, toan dan citng chung tay gdp siie thye hien chu tirrong vl dl diy manh cdng nghiep hda, hien dai hda di ddi vdi bao ve tai nguyen, bao ve radi tixrdng cua Dai hdi Xll se nhanh chong di vao cude sdng, kinh tl tang trudng, tinh trang d nhiira mdi trudng se din dugc khac phuc. Mdi trudng sdng se ngay cang dugc cai thien, ddi sdng cua ngudi dan se ngay mdt tdt han. Nudc ta se nhanh chdng hoan thanh muc tieu phat triln nin kmh te xanh va ben vihig.
TAI LIEU THAM K H A O
[1] Dang cdng san Viet Nam (1998), CM thi sd 36-CT/TW ngdy 25/6/1998 vi "Tang cuang cdng tac bdo vi mdi truang trong thdi ky cdng nghiep hod. Men dgi hog ddt nudc ".
[2] Dang edng san Vidt Nam (2004), Nghi quyit sd 41-NQ/TW ngdy 15/11/2004 Bg Chinh tri (Khda IX) "Vi Bdo ve Mdi trudng trong thdi ky ddy mgnh cdng nghiip hda, hiin dgi hda ddt nudc ".
TAP CHl KHOA HOC TRlTCfNG BAI H p C H 6 N G BlTC - S O j T j g l l
[3] Dang cdng san Viet Nam (1996), Vdn kiin Dgi hdi dgi biiu todn qudc ldn thu VIII, Nxb. Chinh tri Quoc gia. Ha Ngi.
[4] Dang cgng san Viet Nam (2001), Vdn kiin Dgi hdi dgi biiu loan qudc ldn thu IX, Nxb. Chinh tri Qudc gia. Ha Ndi.
[5] Dang cdng san Viet Nam (2006), Vdn Men Dgi hdi dgi biiu loan qudc ldn thu X, Nxb. Chinh tri Quoc gia. Ha Ngi.
[6] Dang cdng san Viet Nam (2011), Vdn kien Dgi hgi dgi biiu todn qudc ldn thu XI, Nxb. Chinh tri Qudc gia - Sy that. Ha Ndi.
[7] Dang cdng san Viet Nam (2016), Vdn kien Dgi hdi dgi biiu todn qude ldn thu XII, Van phong trung ucmg Dang, Ha Ngi.
[8] Dd Thoa (2019), Ti li mdc ung thu cita Viet Nam khdng cao nhimg d li lu vong tuong ddi ldn, http://dangcongsan.vn/khoa-giao/ti-le-mae-ung-thu-cua-viet-nara- khong-cao-nhung-ti-le-tu-vong-tuong-doi-lon-528923.html, ngay 18/7/2019.
PROVIDING STUDENTS WITH A DEEP INSIGHT INTO THE VIEWPOINTS OF THE VIETNAMESE COMMUNIST PARTY IN
THE 12^" CONGRESS ON INDUSTRIALIZATION AND MODERNIZATION ACCOMPANIED BY THE PROTECTION OF
RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENT VIA TEACHING THE SUBJECT OF REVOLUTIONAL GUIDELINES OF VIETNAMESE
COMMUNIST PARTY
Le Thi Anh
Under the leadership of the Vietnamese Communist Party, the industrialization and modernization in our counlry has gained great achievements. However, the focus on economic development has led to some environmental issues and the depletion of natural resources which have negative impacts on the manufacture and daily life. Therefore, the master and application of the Party's viewpoints in 12"" Congress on industrialization and modernization accompanied by protecting natural resources and environment is one of the crucial tasks in this period. Students are the primary force to continue the industrialization and modernization career right in the next period, so they ought to have a deep insight into these viewpoints which leads to proper implementation.
Keywords: Vietnamese Communist Party, 12"' Congress, industrialization modernization, protecting natural resources, environment.
Ngdy nop bdi: 9/12/2019; Ngdy gid phdn biin: 10/12/2019; Ngdy duyet ddng: 30/12/2019 34
