O THANH TUU KHOA HOC
C Q N GNGHfi
cac hach nim t i n tai tren d i t ruong va cac sgi nim tren cac la bj benh tu vy trudc cdn sdt lai tren rugng, vi t h i sau khi thu hoach phai thu gom sach than la, phai khd roi ddt. Cd the bam nudc len rugng ngam 3-5 ngay d l diet hach nim trong dit. O l kho rdi cay, bua, xdi d i t ky de chon vui hach nim, han chl sue song cua ehung.
- Gieo trdng bip vdi mat do hgp ly, vy he thu nen trdng thua (80x20em), tfa djnh cay sdm, lam sach cd dai trong rugng de rugng ludn thdng thoang, giam bdt am do trong rugng.
- Bdn can doi va hgp ly giCi-a dam, lan va kali, khdng bdn qua nhieu phan dam, de cay bap sinh trudng khde han c h l benh xam nhiem va cd
SCPCchong da vdi benh tdt ban.
- Trong trudng hgp ap lye benh qua manh thi nen thay vy bip bing mgt loai cay trong khac khdng nhiim benh dim van nhy hanh, tdi, dt hoac rau muong, rau cin.
- Su dyng thudc hda hge de diet benh nhu: Validacin 3L; Validan 3DD hoac 5DD;
Vivadamy 3DD hoac 5DD;
5BHN; TSM 70WP; Folieur 250EW; Cozol 250EC; Rovral 50WP de phun xjt. Cin phun luc trdi kho rao, it gid. Phun theo lieu khuyin cao, cin phun lln 2 each lln thu nhlt 15 ngay vi benh cd kha nang hoi phyc./.
NGUA BENH TifeU
t BS. PHAM VAN THAN
Tiheo; http://www. suckhoedoisong. vn
S au bao lyt, mdi trudng bj d nhilm, nguy ca xay ra eae loai djeh benh la rit Idn, dac biet la cae benh tieu chay. Cung vdi bien phap clp bach la xu' ly mdi trudng bj d nhilm, eung elp nudc saeh eho nhan dan cua eac dja phuang vung bao lu.
Bai vilt sau day se giup ban dgc cd nhij'ng hilu bilt de phdng chong cac benh tieu ehay do ta, ly.
Vi sao trong moi triro'ng sau bao lut de mac benh tieu chay?
Tai vung bao lyt, cac cdng trinh ve sinh, cong ranh bj ngap trong nudc nen cac chit thai eua ngudi va gia sue, xac dgng thyc vat hda vao nudc gay d nhilm nang cho mdi trudng nudc, dit va do vat chim trong nudc khien mim benh rit d l lan nhilm vao thuc an, nudc udng gay benh cho mgi ngudi dan. Han nu'a, sau bao lu, viec cung clp luang thyc va thyc phim bj han chl, nhilu dja phuang cdn bj cd lap bdi nudc lyt, chua ed dilu kien thyc hien an chin, uong sdi. Vi vay, hai loai benh tieu chay hay gap nhlt sau bao lyt la ta va ly.
Bai vilt nay chi d l cap ro viec phdng chong ta va ly.
Dac diem cua vi khuan
gay benh ta ly
Kha nang t i n tai cua vi khuan: trong nudc va thuc an, nhlt la d nhiet do lanh, phly khuin ta (PKT) cd the sdng dugc tCr vai ngay din 2-3 tuin. PKT cd the tdn tai nhilu nam trong cac dgng vat than mim d vung ven bien, nhung d l bj diet bdi nhiet do 80°C trong 5 phut, bdi hda chit cloramin B 10% va bdi mdi trudng axit; tryc khuan Shigella gay benh ly ton tai trong nudc nggt, rau song, thCpc an tir 7-10 ngay d nhiet do phdng; d quan ao nhiim ban va trong dat 6-7 tuan, nhung bj diet nhanh trong nudc sdi, dudi anh ning mgt trdi va cac thudc khu khuan thdng thudng. Tren thyc te hiu hit cac vi khuan gay tieu chay clp deu bj diet bdi nudc sdi 100°C va cac hda chat khu khuIn thdng thudng.
Bleu hien lam sang Benh ta the cap tinh dien hinh, muc dd nang cd cac trieu chung: dOt ngpt tieu chay dO' doi. Ban dau phan cd the it, set, sau phan Idng, toan nuac, mau tring due nhy nudc vo gao cd lin nhu'ng hat trang Ion nhin, mui tanh. Ogi tien nhieu lan, so lugng den hang chgc lit mgt ngay. Bgnh nhan d i non,
m *yAU!IAIiLy!».LI.^^
Q THANH TUU KHOA HOC
C O N G N G H £HOA HAY GAP SAU BAD LUT
luc dau ndn ra nudc lan thuc
§n, sau toan nudc giong nhu djeh phan, ngudi met IS, khat nudc, bj chudt rut, r i t nhanh bj choang. Khi bj choang, b^nh nhan van ndn, tieu chay, nhung Id dd, mgt la, ve mat hoc hac, mat trung sau, ma 16m, da nhan xanh tim, dau ngdn tay ngdn ehan lanh, rum rd. Ngudi lanh, than nhiet chf dudi 35''C, mach nhanh nhd, khd bat, huylt ap tyt t h i p (HA toi da nhd han 80mmHg).
Bgnh nhan t i i u it hoac vd nigu. N i u khdng d i l u trj kjp thdi, b^nh nhan se t u vong vl choang khdng hoi phyc.
Ly tryc khuIn d i i n hinh muc dd vua: thudng khdi phdt dot ngOt vdi cac hgi chung nhiem khuIn nhiim dgc: sot 38-39°C, kem gai rdt, nhCpc dau, mgt mdi, m i t ngu, chdn an; hOi chung ly: dau byng §m i vung ho chau trai va ha vj, xen ke cd cac can dau qugn Idm bgnh nhan mdt di ngodi, luc d i u phan sgt Idng, sau khdng cd phan chi cd nhly vd mdu, djeh phan thudng giing nhu mdu cd hay nudc rua thjt; hdi chung mat nudc vd di^n giai: benh nhdn khdt nydc, moi khd, t i i u it, nhung do mgch, huyet dp v i n binh thudng.
Nguyen tac dieu trj Khi bj tieu ehdy ndi chung vi$c dau tien phdi cho ngydi bgnh uong oresol cang sdm
cdng tot. Pha mgt gdi oresol vdi 1 lit nudc dun sdi d l ngudi hoac nudc ddng chai. Cach uong: tre dudi 2 tuoi, uong 50-100ml/lln tieu chay; tre 2-9 tuoi, uong 100-200ml/lln tieu ehdy; tre Idn han 10 tuoi va ngudi Idn uong tuy theo nhu c l u ca the. T h i nang cho uong 5ml/kg/gid, k i t hgp vdi truyen djeh. N i u khong ed oresol cd t h i pha djeh thay the: 8 thia cd phe dudng, 1 thia nhd muoi pha trong 1 lit nudc sdi de ngudi; hoac nudc ehdo 50g ggo vd mgt nhdm muoi (3,5g); nudc dua non cd pha mdt nhdm muoi.
N I U b#nh nhan bj ndn nhieu nen uong tung ngym nhd.
Dieu trj bgnh ta: cdng sdm cang tot, nen dieu tri tgi chd, hgn e h i van chuyen di xa. Phdi cho uong oresol ngay. The m i t nudc nhieu vd chodng phdi truyen djeh de boi phy khoi lugng t u i n hoan, cdc ca benh nang, khdng do dugc mgch vd huylt dp thi phdi e l p cuu tgi cho. Thuoc dieu trj cd t h i dung mgt trong cde thuoc sau: doxyeyclin uong 1 lieu duy nhlt 300mg/ngudi ldn;
tetracyclin: ngudi Idn 500mg/
l l n x 4 lan/ngdy x 3 ngay. Tre em 12,5mg/kg x 4 lan/ngdy x 3 ngay... Luu y: Khdng dugc dung cdc thudc chong tieu ehdy, chong ndn, chong co mgch, trg tim, corticoid trong dieu trj bgnh ta. Nen cho benh
nhan an sdm cdc logi thuc an Idng, d i tieu. Tre sa sinh phdi sdm dugc bd me.
D i l u trj ly tryc khuan c i n k i t hgp thude khang khuIn vdi chu'a trieu chung. Do true khuIn ly khdng nhieu logi thuoc da dung trudc day nhu tetracylin, cloramphenicol, sulphamid nen hien nay phdi su dyng ede thuoc chua bj khdng, dugc khuyen dung nhu: ampieilin, ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin... chong m i t nudc bang uong oresol vd truyen djeh.
Cac phu'ang phap phong benh
Thyc hign "an chin, uong sol", rua tay bdng xa phdng trudc khi an uong, sau khi di vg sinh hogc lao dgng;
bdo qudn tot thye p h i m da c h l bien, chong rudi, gidn, byi bgm; khdng an rau song;
khdng an t i l t canh; khdng an m i m tdm, mam tep song;
khdng an gdi cd, hai sdn s i n g ; khdng an nem chao, nem chua; khdng uong nudc la, nude da m i t vg sinh. N i u mua bao keo ddi cd t h i hung nudc mua d l an uong. N i u cd d i l u kien thi dung nudc ddng chai, ddng binh d l an uong. Trudng hgp b i t kha khdng phai dung nudc be mat de an udng md chua cd dieu kign an chin, uong sdi thi nen dung khdng sinh sau khi an udng d l phdng bgnh./.
