CVv67S112015056.pdf

CK-l^l-i NGHIEN c u u - T R A O B O I. BAN VE DOI MOI SANG TAO TRONG DOANH NGHIEP. KS. Do Van Hii Tong cdng ty CP Xdy ldp Dau khf Viet Nam (PV Email: haidv@pvc.vn. Doi mdi sdng tgo Id qud trinh doanh nghiep sd dung tri thde mdi (ve cong nghe hay thi trUdng) de tgo ra cdc sda phdm, dfch vu, quy trinb hay be thong qudn ly mdi nham ddp dng cdc yeu cdu do sU thay ddi cua mdi trUdng kinh doanb, eong nghi haymd hinh cgnh tranh. Bdy cung Id chO trUang Idn cda Odng vd Nhd nudc de Viet Nam tdl cdu tnic nen kinh td, tdl caedu ede doanh nghiip Nhd nude, hgi nhdp sdu rpng vdo nen kinh te the gidi. Cdc doanh ngbiep can xdy dUng chien lugc, quy trinh, phUang phdp dequdn trj hiiu qud qud trinb doi mdi sdng tgo. Tdkhda: Ddi mdi scjng tao, mo hinh, ba thdnh phdn, chuoi igi nhugn, thach thde, trdch nhiem ianh dao.. 1 . Khai ni§m ve ddi mdi sang tao. pham va doi mdi edng nghe. Trong dd, OECD nhan manh ddi mdi com nghe cho phep dUa ra sin pham mdi cung nhU thay doi v l chat lUdng, gia thanh, gia tang mde dp hai Idng ciia khaeh hang. Ngoai ra, doi mdi cdng nghe cdn tao d i l u kiin cho doanh nghiep gia tang thi phan, bi nhuin vdi cac sin pham Nin quan.. 1.1. Dfnh nghia Y nghla ciia tir "ddi mdi" (innovation) bat ngudn tir tir "nova", goc Latinh cd nghia la "mdi" thudng dupe hilu l i su md dau cho mdt sU viic hoac giai phap mdi nao dd. GS. Ed Robert ciia Vien Cdng n g h i Massachuset (Massachusetts Institute of Technology - MIT) djnh nghTa "ddi mdi" la phat minh kem theo khai thae.. 1.3. Md hinh hi thdng doi mdi quoc gia Md hinh he thdng doi mdi qudc gia (National Innovation System NIS) dupc t h i hien trong Hinh 1. 1.4. Ba thdnh phdn eda tinh sdng tgo. Ddi mdi sing tao la qua trinh doanh nghiip sddung tri thifc mdi (vl cdng nghe hay thj trudng) d l tao ra cic san pham, dich vu, quy trinh hay he thdng quin ly mdi nhim d i p dng cae yeu eiu do su thay ddi ciia mdi trudng kinh doanh, cdng nghe hay md hinh eanh tranh.. Ba thanh phin ciia tfnh sang tao (Hinh 2) gdm:. Kha. Tang nang ^ Y tiyorg. Thi tn/irng. lu'ong. Cac doanh nghiep - Sli' dung. Dai hoc,. Dua ra san pham mdi hoae cii tien chat lupng sin pham hien ed;. nghiip thirc - Dao tao. Dua ra phuang p h i p sin xuat mdi; 1 lang (ri lhi>c. - Phit tnin cong nghe N^n tSng tn Ihirc. Chinh s^ch. ir ir ir ir ir ir ir Chinh ihu v i cic chinh sich. •. Xahoi. .(A. Dilll(Hl-S0l1/2015. 1. Chinh tn, lu^i phap Tu' nhien, o3n nguiii. vSn hoa Qu6c gia. WnltUMahmliMiaiiliilliaaltluSrgmmini 56. phim va dichvu. TSi chinh, thue giao dye, khoa hpc c6ng nghe. - Ddi mdi to chufc. Trong c^m nang "Ddi mdi sing tao" eiia Td chiifc Hop tac va Phit triln Kinh te (Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development - OECD), ddi mdi sang tao dupe phan chia thanh ddi mdi sin. /\. ^ " - - - . . . P h a t ine n KHCN^,.,,--nghiep'T"^. Doi mdi sang tao gdm 5 nhdm ehfnh:. Phit trien nguon eung dng mdi;. 1. gia. 1.2. Npi dung. Phat triln thj trudng mdi;. '. 1. PETROVIETNAM. 3. Thach thuTc trong qua trinh doi mdi. SU thdng thao;. sang tao. Ky nang tU duy sing tao;. 3.1. Ooimdl trong md hinh kinh doanh. Odng lue.. 3.1.1. Ldm the nao c6 the khien m6 hinh. 2. Qua trmh ddi mdi sang tao. kinh doanh hien tgi ludn mdi mi va lien. Chuoi loi nhuan eiia doanh nghiep (Hinh 3).. tuc doi mdi?. So do qua trinh doi mdi sing tao (Hinh 4).. D i m bao cac thanh viin trong doanh nghiep hieu v i chap nhan djnh nghTa chung ve md hinh kinh doanh; Khdng nen g i i dinh md hinh kmh doanh hien tai l i md hinh kinh doanh duy nhat ed the hoat ddng, h i y khdng ngdng thach thde no va tim kiem phUdng thu'c thay t h i .. Sg' thong / th^o la kien IhCre ve ky 1 Ihu^t, quy \ trinh, tn tug. Sif thang th^o. . •L. Ky nang sang. Thach thtrc timg gia d|nh ciia md hinh kinh doanh hien tai. Lieu nhirng gia djnh eiia ngay hdm qua van cdn g i i trj, hay den ngay hdm nay da trd nen lac hau? Liiu cd nhOng "dilm mil" ma ddi thii cua ban cd t h i khai thac? - Doi mdi md hinh kinh doanh mdi ddng thdi liin tue thach thiire va eai tien md hinh kinh doanh hien tai.. Hinh 3. Chuoi lai nhudn cda doanh nghiep [2j. DJIIWII-SOII/2015. 57. NGHIEN c u u - T l ? A O D O I. dau trong viie xay dung kien trCic ddi mdi nham taosij hilu b i l t va ddng thuan; Cau true ddi mdi khdng n i n dagc lua ehon bSng each bd phieu, ma phai dugc cac n h i q u i n ly elp cao ein nhac ky va dUa ra quyet djnh cudi cung. 3.3. Qudn ly vd nhdn rpng ngudn 3.3.1. Tdp trung nguon tudng. tdt. lUc. von tdi trg va nhdn. tdi cho nhOng^. nhdt. Tfnh t o i n ngan sich hien tai cd dii kha nang ell khuyin khich y tUdng mdi hay chi dii de duy tri tinh. Hinh 4. Sa dd quy trinh ddi mdi sdng tao [21 3.1.2. Thdch thde doi mdi: Ldm the nao co the chac chan du rpng de tim kiem ca hpi. taduy. trang hien tai; Can nhic viie lap ngudn quy danh rieng d l dau. mdi?. Can thoit khdi quan diem han hep ciJa ddi mdi nhU "Nghiin ciiti va phat trien" hay"Phit triln sin pham mdi". Hoc cich can nh§c mpi khia canh cua md hinh kinh doanh nhU muc tieu eiia ddi mdi. - Khdng n i n gia dinh rang ddi mdi san pham hay djeh vu tdt hon ddi mdi timg yeu td trong md hinh kinh doanh. Sd dung su hieu biet chiln lUpc mdi (vi du cic phit hiin mang tfnh tim kiem) 6i thich thde va cii tien tirng yeu td ciia md hinh kinh doanh.. tu phit trien nhOfng ddi mdi mang tinh dot pha va sii dung ngudn quy nay de cap vdn eho eie y tudng sang g i i ttrtrong hoae ngoai doanh nghiip; Ket hap cic y l u td thj trUdng v i he thdng cap bac de tdi Uu hda t i l m ning ddi mdi ciia doanh nghiep. Til c i n bang viec sir dung cie nguon lUc thdng qua ccf c h l thi trudng mdi cd t h i giii phdng ning lupng sang tao, theo each ma ea e h l q u i n ly cu hoin toan khong the thi/c hien dupe. 3.3.2. Nuoi dudng. 3.2. Xdy dung mpt cdu trUe doi. va tgo cO hpi phdt. triin. cdc. yttfdngmdi. mdi N h a n ra n h O n g y t U d n g d i i c a h d i t h a n h cong. 3.2.1. Thiet lap khudn dgo vd gdn. kho cho sU doi mdi nhdm. tgo ra sa chl. t h a p va b i g i d i h a n t r o n g v i i c t i m k i l m t h e m ea hdi;. kit K h d n g e d l a p sU d d i m d i , d i m b i o c i c y tudng. Tip trung phat triln cac y tudng dUa t r i n cic nen t i n g tang trudng eu t h i (chu de ddi mdi, nhUng thach thu'c quan trong) hoae cie van de ciia khieh hang;. m d i p h i i d u a c k e t h o p v d i cae n g u d n lUc, t i i san va nanck. f. luc; Tap t r u n g v a o d a n h m u c d o l m d i , t i m k i l m nham. Xay dung eau true doi mdi de giiip cae thanh vien hieu rd v l tuong lai cua doanh nghiep v i \Ua chgn co hdi dol mdi; Sddijng cic eau true ddi mdi l i n e n tang ciia y tudng, d l tao them cd hdi va thiet lap ranh gidi cho y tUdng; Khdng ap dung cau true ddi mdi mo hd, bao gdm tat ca moi thif;. t d i da hda s i i t h a n h e d n g . K h d n g sir d u n g Idi t u d u y tai c h i n h t h d n g t h u d n g d l d i n h gia cac y t u d n g khi con "phdi thai"; C a n d i n h g i a c h f n h x i c g i a t r i c i i a nhOfng y tudng m d i d e e d d u o c m p t n g u d n v d n p h i i h p p , t r a n h lang phi eho he t h o n g ngan s i c h ho trp. 3.3.3. DSI mdi vdl nguon. lUc bi hgn che. Sii'e manh eiia cau true doi mdi n i m trong si/ hieu bilt sau s k ciia ngudi tao ra nd. Dirng lo ngai ddi thii canh tranh cd the sir dung cau triJc eiia ban bdi hp chua thi/c s\J t h i u hieu nd.. t a o n i n t h a n h c d n g d a n g k i n h n g a c e h o m o i s u d d i mdi;. 3.2.2. Ldm the ndo de co vd sd hau dugc cdu tnic doi mdi d tdt cd mgi cdp. d d i m d i k e m h i e u q u i . M d i lien ket g i i f t i cac n g u d n luc. H i l u r d t h u e t e c d t h i d d i m d i v d i chi p h i thcip. C d n h i l u e a c h di. t i n g c U d n g n g u d n lUe d o i m d i nham. K h d n g c o i " t h i e u n g u d n lUc" la ly d o c h o ket q u i. d d i m d i v a k i t q u a cOa n d n h d h a n n h i l u so v d i s u t u d n g |. Thu hut sUtham gia eiia cac giam ddc dieu hanh hang 58. Diu KHI-so 11/2015. t u p n g eiia m p i n g u d i ;. |. PETROVIETNAM. Chap n h i n quan d i l m nhan vien "binh thudng" cd the trd t h i n h mdt ngudn ddi mdi d i e b i i t , khdng k iiy thae t r i c h n h i i m ddi mdi cho rieng mpt nhdm eie tj^ chuyin gia; Hay tim k i l m cae;? tudng v i nhan tai ddi mdi b i n ngoai doanh nghiep. t, 3.3.4. Duy tri dpng ii/c doi mdi Cam k i t thuc h i i n mdt so it cac muc tieu ddi mdi 1... trung han v i duy tri cam k i t dd; ''•'!'. Khdng liin tue thay ddi eae Uu tien ddi mdi. Chuang. trinh "dau t u b i t dau lai, dirng lai" ed xu hudng lam suy J., giam uy tin va h i i u suat eiia su ddi mdi.. ddi t i e kinh te ehiln lupc xuyen Thai Binh Duong (TPP) vira l i ca hdi, vira la thach thu'c ddi vdi eac doanh nghiep trong nudc (khi ban 90% la doanh nghiip nhd va vira, chat lupng ngudn nhan lUc chUa eao; nang lUc eanh tranh eiia nen kinh te, san pham va doanh nghiip cdn ylu...). Do dd, ddi mdi sang tao la yeu cau cap bich trong tinh hinh hien nay de doanh nghiep xay dUng chiln luoe kinh doanh v i ap dung phUOng thde quan trj doanh nghiep hiin dai, n i n g cao chat lUOng ngudn nhan lUe, da dang hda cae ngudn vdn, quan trj t i i chinh hieu qua... nham tao ra sU dot p h i ve quy md, ning suit, tang trudng kinh te va nang luc eanh tranh. Tai lieu tham khdo 1. Hoang Dinh Phi. Qudn tr; cdng ng/»e. Nhi x u l t b i n Dai hoe Qudc gia Ha Ndi. 2012.. Thdng qua q u i trinh doi mdi sing tao, doanh nghiip ed CO hpi de n i n g cao hiiu q u i sin x u i t kmh doanh, ning '^ luc eanh tranh ben vUng. Di lam dupe d i l u dd, ngudi dii'ng "' dau doanh nghiip can quylt l i i t thay doi t u duy quan tri '">• v l ddi mdi sang tao trong md hinh sin xuat kinh doanh, ® xay dung cau true doanh nghiep, q u i n l^ va sir dung eie * ngudn lUe. Trong q u i trinh hdi nhap sau rdng v i o nen kinh t l j j t h i gidi, viec Viit Nam vira k i t thuc dam phin Hiip dmh. 2. Allan Afuan. Innovation management.. Oxford. University Press. 2003. 3. Peter Skarzinski, Row/an Gibson, innovation to the core: A blueprint for transforming the way your company innovates. Harvard Business Review Press. 2008. 4. Harvard Business Essentials. Managing creativity and innovation. Har\iax6 Business School Press. 2003.. Discussion on innovation in enterprises Do Van Hai Petrovietnam Construction JSC (PVC) Summary Innovation is the process by which a novel idea (of technology or market) Is adopted by an enterprise to create a new product, service, process or management system to meet the requirements of changes in the business environment, technology or competition model. This Is also a major policy of the Party and tbe State aiming to restructure the economy and state-owned enterprises for Vietnam's deeper integration Into the worid economy. Strategies, processes and methods should be built by enterprises to ensure effective management ofthe Innovation process. Key words: Innovation, model, three elements, profit chain, challenges, leadership responsibilities.. lUKHI-SO 11/2015.