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QUAN TRIET TI/TlTONG HO CHI MINH VAO XAY DONG DOI N G O CAN BO, CONG CHUfC
NHA Nirdrc HIEN NAY
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Nhan thOfC dung ve yeu cau khach quan• xay diftig doi ngu can bo, cong chu'c nha ni/dc
Ho Chi Minh chi ro, hiSu qua hoat Song cOa bo may nha nifcic phu thupc rat Ifti, co tinh quyet djnh vao chat luong dei ngu can bd, cong chiic nha ni/dc (CBCCNN). Ngudi coi can bd nhu Id "cai goc' cCia moi cdng viSc, la cai "day chuydn' ciia bd may Ngudi ndi, neu day chuydn l(hdng tdt, khdng chay thi ddng cd dO tot, du chay Ihi toan bo may cung bj td liet. Can bd la nhiJng ngud dem chinh sach cua Chinh phd, cua doan th^ de thi hanh ttong Nhan dSn. Neu can bd dd thi chinh sach cOng khdng the thuc hien duoc. Ngudi khang dinh: "Mudn vide ttianh cdng hoac that bai, deu do can bd tdt hoac kem, Od la mdt chan ly nhat dinh"'". Suy dSn cCing, ddi ngu CBCCNN ia luc tudng cd y nghTa quyet djnh tmc tidp den hidu iuc, hieu qua to chdc va hoat ddng cQa bd may nha nudc; td chiJc va thuc thi quyen iuc nha nudc, quyen luc va quyen lam chQ cOa nhan ddn trong da sdng x§ hdi, bao dam cho su phat trien cua dat nudc.
Thuc hien s u nghiep ddi mdi toan didn dat nudc, day manh CNH.HBH; xay dung Nha nudc phap quyen xa hdi chO nghla cOa dan, do ddn, vi ddn. Dang va Nhd nudc da dat trong tdm vao cai each nen hanh chinh nha nudc, cai each nen cdng VIJ, xay di/ng va phat tridn ddi ngu CBCCNN. TCmg budc xay dung, bd sung he
* Tien sl. Hoc uiSn Ky thudt qudn sii.
1 • Hi Chi Minh: Todn lap, Idp 5, Nxb. CTQG, H.
2011, tr. 280.
TRAN DINH THANG «
thdng the che, luat phap vd che do cdng vu, cdng chdc, vien chile. Cd nhOng ddi mdi trong cdng tac tuydn dung, danh gia, quan iy, siJ dung; dao tao, bdi dudng va cai thien che dp, chinh sach dai ngd.,. Ddl ngu CBCCNN da cd budc phat then ca .vd s d iupng va chat luong, tCmg budc dap dng tdt hon vdi yeu cau nhiem vu, Tuy nhien, so vdi yeu cau cOa sir nghiep ddi mdi dat nudc, day manh CNH.HOH dat nudc, phat trien ndn kinh td thj trudng djnh hudng xa hdi chO nghla va tang cudng hdi nhap qudc te ve mpi mat, thi nen cdng vu, dpi ngu CBCCNN cdn nhieu han che, bat cap:
he thdng the chd, luat phap vd cdng vu, cdng chore, vidn chdc chua dupc ddng bp, hoan thien;
quan iy, sCr dung chua hpp ly, thidu khoa hpc, kem hidu qua, Bp may cdng kdnh, bidn che nhieu nhung chat lupng ddi ngu va hieu qua hoat ddng cdng vu chua tuong xdng vdi ydu cau nhiem vu;
chd dp dai ngd, tien luong tuy da dupc cai each, dieu chinh, nhung chua cd tinh chidn iupc, chua cd budc ddt pha cai each can ban de CBCCNN sdng dupc bang ludng theo dung ^ nghta cija lao ddng cdng vu; cdng tac dao tao, bdi dudng dupc ddi mdi, nhung chua theo kjp yeu cau cai each nen cdng vu, kidn thurc va nang luc quan ly hanh chinh nhd nudc chua tuong xCrng vdi yeu cau, nhidm vu; *mdt bd phan khdng nhd can bd, dang vien, trong do cd nhOng dang vien gid vj tri lanh dao, quan ly, kd ca mpt s d can bd cao cap, suy thoai ve t u tudng chinh trj, dao ddc, Idi sdng vdi nhdng bidu hidn khac nhau ve s u phai nhat ly tudng, sa vao chii nghTa ca nhan ich k^, co hpi, thuc dung, chay theo danh Ipi, tien tai, ken cifa
TAP CHi GIAO DUC LV LUAN - SO 221 C2014)
HEHliN cuu CHU NSHJA MAC-LENIN TirnmNB HO CHi MNH
dia vj, cue bd, tham nhung, lang phi, tuy tien, vd nguyen tdc..."". "Mpt bd phan can bd, cdng chdc chua dap dng dupc yeu cau nhiem vu"'"... da lam han che den hieu luc, hieu qua quan ly nha nudc ciia bp mdy nha nuflc va nen cdng vu. Nhan thdc va danh gia dung thuc td dd giup cho Oang, Nha nuflc, he thdng chinh trj, cung vfli todn dan chung sdc, Chung Idng ddi mfli ndn cong vd, xay dung, phat trien dpi ngu CBCCNN dap dng ydu cau hoat dpng cong vu trong thdi ky mdi.
2. Tuyen dung can bp, cong ehde nha nddc phai cd du kien thde, trinh dp can thiet
Theo Hd Chi Minh, dfll ngu CBCCNN phai cd trinh dp chuydn mdn, nghidp vu, t'nh chuyen mdn hda cao, bao dam cho bp may nhd nuflc van hdnh thdng sudt dap Cmg fl tdng tha ky Ijch sir. Ba vay, Ngua rat col trong xay dung phat trien dpi ngu CBCCNN thdng qua quy chd tuyen dung toan didn, khach quan, cdng bang, binh dang, ldm cd sfl d l danh gia, tuydn chpn, quan ly, sir dung, bd nhiem, xep ngach bac CBCCNN trong bd may nha nudc theo huflng trpng dCrc, trpng thuc tai, phu hpp v a tai nang, ddc dd, trinh dp, nghe nghiep, sd trudng, nang khidu... cda tdng ngua. Npi dung thi tuydn vda cd tinh phd quat, o nhieu khia canh, Iinh vuc cua tri thdc khac nhau, vda cd tinh anh huflng can ban, thiet thuc ddn trinh dd, nang luc, kha nang cflng tac cua CBCCNN nhu: Ijch sd, dja ly, kinh td, chinh tri, phap luat, ngoai ngu... Trong tdng ndi dung mdn thi deu cd su chpn Ipc, dinh hudng rd rdng, cu the d nhdng ndi dung co ban, cdt Idi, cap
thiet, khdng tran lan. , Hien nay Viet Nam ddi mS todn dien dat nuflc,
phat tridn ndn kinh td thj tmflng hpi nhap sau rdng v a the gia; cac mdi quan he giua Nha nuflc v a xa hpi,' vS cflng dan, cCing v a ddi tupng, ndi dung, phuong thdc quan ly cua Nha nuflc va nen cdng vu
2 - Bdng Cdng sdn Viet Nam, Vdn kien Hoi nghi ldn tha tu Ban Chdp hinh Trung Uang khia XI, Nxb Chinh tri qudc gm, H. 2012, tr. 22.
3 - Bdng Cong sdn Viet Nam, Vdn kien Hoi nghi ldn IhCC bdy Ban Chdp hinh Trung uang khoa XI, Vdn phong Trung UOng Ddng, H. 2013, tr. 111.
trd ndn phdc tap, da dang, phong phd, khd khan hdn, dfli hdi phai tuydn dung dupc dfll ngu CBCCNN cfl kien thdc, trinh dp toan didn hfln. Trinh dd kidn thdc iudn ducc gan v a thuc td theo nguyen tac ly luan gan lien v a thuc fdn, kdt hpp nhuan nhuyin gida hpc v a hanh, khca hpc chuyin mdn gan v a khoa hpc chinh trj, khoa hpc hanh chinh.
3. Thuc hien chinh saeh trpng dung nhan tai trong quan ly, xay dilrig dpi ngu can bp, cong ehde nha nudc
Hd Chi Minh coi trpng vile tuydn dung, nudi duflng nhan tai, xay dung dpi ngu CBCCNN. Ngua de ra nhilu chinh sach cu the de quy tu, trpng dung nhan tai, la keo tat ca nhdng ngua cd tam ddc, cd tai, cd Idng yeu nuflc, tan ttianh mue t i l u dfle lap dan tdc dd tham gia vao bp may nha nude. Day la quan diem tien bp, khac han v l ban chat sCr dung nhan lire trong xa hdi phong kien trudc ddy. Ngua coi tri there, ngua tai gioi la tai san quy bau ciia dat nudc, cQa qud'c gia, ddn tflc Ngua nhan manh:
khang chien di ddi kien qudc, kien qudc can cd nhdn tai. Nhan tai cua ta du chua nhilu lam, nhung ne'u Chung ta kheo lua chpn, kheo phdn phdi, kheo dung thi nhdn tai cang ngay cang phat trien nhilu t h l m . Ngua mong ddng bao, khdng phdn biet, ai cd tai nang, sang kien ve kidn thidt nuflc nha va cd Idng hang hai giup (ch nude nha thi xin gin kd hoach ro rang cho Chinh phu. Khi nuflc nha ddc lap, Ngua da girt thdng dat "tim ngua tai ddc" cho ddng bdo, de trung cau ngua tai ddc tham gia chinh quyen, kidn thilt dat nuflc. Ngua k l u gpi, "Nuflc nha can phai kidn thidt. Kien thidt can phai cd nhan tai.
Trong sd 20 trilu ddng bao chac khdng thidu ngua cd tai ed ddc... cac dia phuong phai lap tde a i u tra na nao cd ngua tai ddc, cd the ldm dupc nhiing vile ich nudc Ipi ddn, thi bao ngay cho Chinh phu bidr'"', Trong xdy dung ngudn nhan lire cho bp may nha nudc, Ngua rat coi trpng yeu td tinh tiiy ciia bd may, dp la liic lupng cd tn t u i , va trinh dfl chuyin mfln trong hoat dpng cdng vy, Trong bai ndi chuyin
4 • Ho Chi Minh: Toan tdp, Idp 4, Nxb. CTQG H 2011, tr 504.
TAP CHi GIAO DVC LY LUAN - s 6 221 (2014)
NGHIEH cuu CHU NCHJA MAC • LENIN TUrUONBHO CHilUINH tai Dai hdi lan thd i Oang Dan chu Vilt Nam (20-10-
1946) Ngua cho rang: Cd dii chat xam trong bd mdy chinh quyln thi mS tang dupc sdc bat, sdc ben cua khfl'i xi mang cdt sat dai doan ket toan ddn, bao v l va xay dyng Td qudc. Quan diem v l trpng dung, sir dung nhdn tai, xay dung td chdc bfl may nha nudc cda Hp Chi Minh cd y nghTa dat nen tang ly luan, thuc tidn cho Dang, Nha nuflc ta trong xdy dung, hoan thiln bfl may nha nuflc phap quyen xa hpi chu nghTa, Truflc tiln la phai ddi mdi tu duy trpng dung nhdn tai dd xdy dung nen cdng vu trong sach, vdng manh, nang cao nang luc quan ly nha nudc, phuc vu nhan ddn, phuc vu xa hdi, vi Ipi ich qudc gia, dSn tpc. Dang, Nha nuflc phai cd quyet tam chinh tri cao trong vile phdng chdng, day lui chCi nghia ca nhan, loi ich nhom, cue bd ban vj trong td chdc bfl mdy nha nuflc; xay dung va thuc hiln tdt chinh sach trln thuc td de thu hut, tuyen dung, quan ly, sir dung dupc ngua tai trong nln cdng vy. Phai cfl quydt tam chinh tri v l tinh gian, thanh Ipc, giam biln chd, tdi uu hda bp may theo huflng "bfl may gay nhung khoe", de bp may nhd nuflc chi cdn la "mfli tmflng"
cflng tdc ciia nhdng CBCCNN cd tai nang, dde dp, 4. Dpi ngu can bp, cong ehde nha ni/dc can dtlpc dao tao, boi dirdng toan dien, thiet thirc, hieu qua
Trong xay dung dpi ngu CBCCNN, Hd Chi Minh chu y den ddo tao, bdl duflng theo he thdng tieu chua'n rat cu the cho phd hop vfli tdng loai CBCCNN. Ddi v d can bfl Idnh dao, quan ly, ngoai nhdng tilu chuan chung ra "chang nhttng thao ve chinh trj, ma cdn phai gioi ve chuyen mfln; khflng thd lanh dao chung chung"'". Ngudi chi ro, CBCCNN phai dupc dao tao, bdi duflng ve chinh trj, kinh td, khoa hpe ky thuat de nang cao nang luc, lam cho kinh td phat trien, chidn da'u thang lpi, dfli sdng nhan dan ngay cang am no, tua vui. CBCCNN gid cuong vj lanh dao, quan ly phSi cd kien thde chuyin mdn, cdn phai hieu bilt v l tam ly nhSn vien, de biet "dung
ngua" theo quan diem khach quan, toan diln, Ijch sir cu the, phat trien. Tren cfl sd biet ngudi, danh gia dung CBCCNN de quan ly, sir dung cho hieu qua. Ngua yeu cau CBCCNN phai dupc dao tao, bdi duflng kidn thdc ve luat phap, am hieu luat phap va van'dyng tdt, nhuan nhuyin vao trong qua trinh hoat dpng cdng vu cua minh, tranh lam sal gdy hau qua xau cho dan, cho nufle Ngufli chi ddn, CBCCNN vda hpc tap nang cap trinh dp chuyen mon, vda ren luyen phong each lam viec, dd khi giai quyet cdng vile dupc khIo llo gitta phap luat va dao ddc, gitta phap ly vd van hda; khuyin khich giiip dd cai tdt, cai thiln phat trien, ddng thfli han ehd, ngan ngda cai ac, cai xau trong con ngufli va xa hpi. Oe dap Cmg yeu cau quan ly nha nuflc trong nln kinh te thj truflng djnh huflng xa hfli chCi nghia va hpi nhap qufl'c te thi dfli ngd CBCCNN phai dupc ddo tao, bdi dudng can ban, h i thdng, todn diln, chuyen sau. Tuy nhien, can tinh toan, nghien cdu, khao sat thue td y l u cau hoat dpng cdng vu de lua chpn ddng ndi dung, khdi lupng kiln thdc, yeu cau ky nang cdng tae thidt ydu nhat, bao dam tinh hilu qua, thiet thyc che tdng loai, tdng chdc danh CBCCNN, tdng linh vyc hoat dpng cflng vu. Oau tu dung mdc, xdy dung hpp ly va sd dung cfl hilu qua cac cd sfl dao tac, bdi duflng CBCCNN. Tich cue ddi ma phuang phap, lua chpn giai phap dao tao thieh hpp, cd ehinh sdch hd trp, khuyen khich, thflc day y thdc tu giac, dpng co ty dao tao, hpc tap "sudt d a ' ciia CBCCNN de dap Cmg y l u cau nhilm vy.
5. Coi trpng ren luyen, bdi dudng, xay dung pham chat dap ddc, ldi sdng cua can bp, cong ehurc nha nirflc
He Chi Minh dac bilt eoi trpng vile r i n luyen, xay dyng dao ddc each mang ciia CBCCNN, Ngua chi rd: "Dang ta la mdt dang cam quyln, Mdi dang viln vd can bd phai that sy tham nhuan dao ddc each mang, that su can kilm lilm chinh, chi cdng vfl tu"'", Ngua chi ra vj tri,
5 - Sdd, tap 13, Ir. 69.
TAP CHi GIAO DUC LY LUAN - SO 221 (2014)
6 - Sdd, Idp 15, tr 611 - 612.
NGHIEN cuu CHU NGHIA MAC • LENIN TUTUUNGHO CHI MINH tam quan trpng cua dao dCrc each mang trong
xay dung va hoat ddng cila dpi ngii CBCCNN;
coi dao ddc Id nen tang cua ngua each mang, ciing nhu gdc cCia cay, ngudn cua sdng, Ngudi each mang phai cd dao ddc, khdng cd dao ddc thi dil tai gioi ddn dau cung khflng lanh dao dupc nhdn ddn, Mpi edng viec thanh hay bai Id do can bd, dang viln cfl tham nhuan dao ddc each mang hay khflng, CBCCNN cd dao ddc tdt thi s l Idi cudn, tap hpp dupc luc lupng, djnh huflng eho pham chat, tdi nang phat trien dung huflng, GiO dupc dao ddc thi tdi nang dupc trpng dung, cfl Ipi eho cdch mang, cho dan, cho nuflc; ndu suy thoai v l dao ddc thi din den suy thoai v l mpi mat, cd hai eho su nghiep each mang, CBCCNN phai cd dao dCi'c cdch mang thi mfli tan tam, tan tuy va each mang, thi ma lanh dao dupc quan chdng vd dua each mang ta thang Ipi, Hd Chi Minh chi rd ban ehat eua dao ddc each mang dfl la dao ddc mdi, dao ddc phii nhan nhdng h i tuc, tap tuc lac hau eCia ehd dp cu; ket hpp nhuan nhuydn, tham nhuan cac gia trj van hda, nhan van, truyin thdng tdt dep ciia dan tpc, nhdng tinh hoa van hda nhdnloai, vl Ipi ich ehung eua Dang, eua dan too, vi su tien bd nhan loai; la trung va nudc, hieu va dan, vi dan, vi nuflc;
can, kilm, lilm, chinh, chi cdng vfl tu, cd tinh than qudc te trong sang. Trong dd, trung va nuflc la pham chat bao trum nhat. Ngua ylu cau CBCCNN phai la cdng bdc ciia dan, "Vile gi Ipi eho dan, ta phai hdt sde lam. Viec gi hai den ddn, ta phai hdt sdc tranh""'. Ngua khdng tuyet ddi hda dao ddc ma ludn dat dao dde trong mdi quan h i gan bd biln chCmg va tai nang cua CBCCNN. Hd Chi Minh thang than chi ra nhdng sai lam, khuyet diem ve dao ddc, Idi sdng ciia CBCCNN, ddng thdi Ngua nghiem khac vdi nhdng sai lam dd. Ngua chi ro, "ai khdng pham nhdng ldi lam... thi nen chu y tranh di, va gang sde cho thlm tidn bfl. Ai da pham nhdng ldi lam... thi phai hdt sdc sda chtta; ndu khong ty
sCra chtta, thi Chinh phd se khflng khoan dung"'". Quan trilt tu tudng dao dfle each mang ciia Hd Chi Minh vdo xay dung Nha nufle phap quyen xa hfli chO nghia trong dilu kiln phat tridn nen kinh td thj truflng hien nay Id van de co_ y nghla to Ifln. Viec rin luyen, bdi duflng pham chat dao dde, Idi sdng ciia CBCCNN gop phan tryc tidp xdy dyng Nhd nuflc phap quyln, bao dam hilu lyc, hilu qua quan l# nha nudc ddi va xa hfli; phflng chdng, day lui nhdng tilu cyc cua mat trai co che thj truflng, gdp phan lam lanh manh hda cac quan he xa hpi, cCing cd nilm tin cua Nhan ddn vfl Dang, Nhd nudc. Viec rin luyin, xdy dung pha'm chat dao dde Idi sfl'ng ciia CBCCNN phai dupc kit hpp bang nhilu edeh thdc, biln phap. Bd sung, hpln thiln hi thdng the che ve xay dyng td chdc bp may va hoat ddng cdng vu. Tang cudng giao due, thuydt phuc ndng cao traeh nhilm, dao ddc cdng vu va danh dy cdng chdc va cac hinh thdc che tai nghiem minh, qua thuc tiln "da'u tranh, ren luyen ben bi hang ngdy ma phat trien va cimg cd. Cung nhu ngpc cang mai cang sang, vang cang luyen cang trong"'"... Phat huy tinh tien phong guong mau va quy ro traeh nhilm eua ngua ddng dau td chdc, CO quan trong quan ly dieu hanh cdng vu.
Oe cao tu phi binh vd phi binh, day manh viec hpe tap va lam theo tam guong dao ddc Hd Chi Minh "can, kilm, liem, chmh, chi edng vfl tu" mdt cdch thidt thuc, hieu qua. Phat huy dan chii, thuc hiln tdt quy chd dan chii fl co sd. Dau tranh phdng chdng cd hilu qua te nan quan lilu, tham nhOng, lang phi trong nen cdng vu gan vdi eai cdch chd dp tien ludng, bao dam cho CBCCNN sdng dupc bang luong va mde sdng kha trong xa hfli. Tang cudng cdng tac cfuan \<j, kiem tra, thanh tra cdng vu, xir ly nghilm kJ luat cdng vu, thudng xuyin ehinh ddn dpi ngu, Coi trpng bidu duong, noi guong didn hinh tiln tien, guong ngua tdt viec tdt trong hoat dpng cdng vu va trong toan xa hpi,(EI
7 - Sdd, tap 4, Ir. 65.
8 • Sdd, tap 4, Ir. 66.
9 - Sdd, tip 11, tr. 612.
TAP CHi GIAO DUC LY LUAN - SO 221 (2014)
