This book is based on the special issue of Molecules magazine on "Smart and Functional Polymers". In summary, this book provides a comprehensive overview of the latest synthesis approaches, representative structures and achievements, and various applications of smart and functional polymers.
PEGylated Polyurea Bearing Hindered Urea Bond for Drug Delivery
- Introduction
- Results and Discussion 1. Syntheses and Characterizations
- Materials and Methods 1. Materials
- CLSM
- Conclusions
To explore the drug loading properties of the polymer, PTX was loaded into the mPEG-poly (1/3) micelle to obtain PUM/PTX. Tumors and major organs (ie, lung and spleen) were collected, fixed in 4% (W/V) PBS-buffered paraformaldehyde overnight, and then embedded in paraffin.
Purification and Glutaraldehyde Activation Study on HCl-Doped PVA–PANI Copolymers with Different
Results and Discussion
To obtain the molecular structure of PVA-PANI copolymers, 1H-NMR analysis (500 MHz, TMS) was performed using deuterium oxide (D2O) as a solvent. This behavior can be observed for PVA–PANI-G thin films at low, medium and high aniline concentrations (Figure 16b).
Synthesis of Carbohydrate-Grafted Glycopolymers Using a Catalyst-Free, Perfluoroarylazide-Mediated
Synthesis of PFPA-PLA copolymer 5
The 1H-NMR spectrum of 5 showed an almost complete reaction as shown by a marked shift of the methylene proton H-b from 4.05 ppm to 4.83 ppm (Figure 1). No degradation of the copolymers to the free lactic acid monomer was observed during the reaction, as evidenced by the absence of peaks at ∼1.2 ppm belonging to the free lactic acid. The phosphine-derivatized carbohydrates were prepared from an amine-derivatized carbohydrate and the NHS-functionalized phosphine (Scheme 3).
Amine-Man6 was synthesized according to a previously reported procedure (see Scheme S2 and detailed procedures in SI) [41]. Amine-MH7 was synthesized according to the procedure in Scheme S1 (see detailed procedures in SI). Reaction of NHS-functionalized triphenylphosphine with an excess of 6 or 7 in DMSO at room temperature afforded triphenylphosphine-derivatized Man ( 8 ) or MH ( 9 ).
Synthesis of phosphine-derivatized mannose8 and maltoheptaose9 and subsequent grafting onto PFPA-PLA5 copolymer to give mannose polymer 10 and maltoheptaose polymer.
Synthesis of phosphine-derivatized mannose 8 and maltoheptaose 9, and subsequent grafting to PFPA-PLA copolymer 5 to yield mannose-polymer 10 and maltoheptaose-polymer
- Experimental Procedures 1. Materials and Instruments
These yields are comparable to those obtained by other groups in the post-polymerization synthesis of glycopolymers using other techniques [42,43]. To a 200 m aqueous 0.7 M solution of trifluoroacetic acid was added H-Ser(benzyl)-OH (I, 10.0 g, 52 mmol) and the mixture was stirred at room temperature until all dissolved solids. Then, 50 mL of aqueous NaNO2 (5.3 g, 77 mmol) was added dropwise with a syringe pump under Ar protection and the reaction was stirred for another 3 h.
After consumption of starting material was confirmed by TLC, NaCl (10 g) was added and the mixture was extracted three times with ethyl acetate, followed by washing with brine and drying over MgSO4. Ethyl acetate was added to the oily residue and the solution was again filtered to remove traces of potassium iodide/potassium bromide. The precipitate was redissolved in CH2Cl2, and this solution/precipitation was repeated three times, and the precipitate was finally dried under vacuum to give copolymer case as a dark brown solid (1.48 g, 74%).
The molar ratio of N-succinimidyl 2-(diphenylphosphanyl)benzoate:amine carbohydrate:PFPA in polymer 10 or 11 was set as 4:6:1. N-Succinimidyl 2-(diphenylphosphanyl)benzoate and amine-Man 6 or amine-MH7 were added to 5 ml of anhydrous DMSO and the solution was stirred for 3 hours. Stereoselective synthesis of photoactivatable perfluorophenylazide-conjugated carbohydrates for glycoarray fabrication and evaluation of structural effects on protein binding by SPR imaging.Org.
Candidate Polyurethanes Based on Castor Oil (Ricinus communis), with Polycaprolactone Diol
Biomedical Applications
Results and Discussion 1. Obtaining Polyols
Figure 1 shows the results of the mechanical properties depending on the polyol used in the synthesis. The physical and mechanical properties depend on the atomic and molecular structure of the materials used in the synthesis. They attributed the contact angle results to the hydrophilic functional groups present in the chain extenders that were used.
Figure 6 shows the density of the materials synthesized with IPDI and the additives (PCL and Ch). For this cell line, no trend related to the polyol type used in the synthesis of the PUs was observed. As observed in the images, the structure of the L929 fibroblasts was preserved compared to the positive control.
The results of the concentration of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines of test B are shown in Figures 17 and 18, respectively. This is based on the control results (medium without PU) and the PP reference material, which showed higher values (although not always significantly ) in the concentrations of the evaluated pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines.
Materials and Methods 1. Reagents
All biological materials were acquired from the strain library of the Universidad de La Sabana (Chía, Colombia). Morphological characterization of the PUs was performed with a field-emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM, ZEISS ULTRA 55 from Oxford Instruments (Abingdon, UK). The biodegradation rate was calculated by comparing the dry weight (wf) of the sample after degradation for a predetermined time with the initial dry weight (wi) of the sample using Eq.
With the THP-1 cell line and PUs, two independent tests were performed to evaluate the inflammatory processes of the materials in contact with the cells. Twenty-five microliters of streptavidin phycoerythrin-binding protein was then added and incubated for 30 minutes with shaking in the dark. The results of the samples were analyzed using the xPONENT MAGPIX software (Madison, WI, USA).
Modification of biopolymer castor oil with free isocyanate groups for application as bioadhesive. Int. Effect of incorporation of chitosan on the physicochemical, mechanical properties and biological activity of a blend of polycaprolactone and polyurethanes obtained from castor oil.J.
Immobilizing Polyether Imidazole Ionic Liquids on ZSM-5 Zeolite for the Catalytic Synthesis of
Propylene Carbonate from Carbon Dioxide
Materials and Methods 1. Reagents and Instruments
Strong bifunctional aluminum-salen catalysts for the preparation of cyclic carbonates from carbon dioxide and epoxides. 3-(2-Hydroxyl-Ethyl)-1-propylimidazolium bromide immobilized on SBA-15 as an efficient catalyst for the synthesis of cyclic carbonates via carbon dioxide coupling with epoxides.
Ionic liquids bonded to coconut shell activated carbon for continuous cycloaddition of CO2 to epichlorohydrin in packed bed reactor. SBA-15 supports triazolium-based ionic liquids as highly efficient and recyclable catalysts for CO2 fixation with epoxides. Catal. Ionic liquids grafted on carbon nanotubes as highly efficient heterogeneous catalysts for the synthesis of cyclic carbonates.Appl.
Synthesis of styrene carbonate from carbon dioxide and styrene oxide with various zinc halide-based ionic liquids.Catal. Catalytic performance of ionic liquids containing zinc immobilized on silica for the synthesis of cyclic carbonates.
Structure Characterization and Otoprotective Effects of a New Endophytic Exopolysaccharide from Saffron
Experimental
Calculation of the monosaccharide molar ratio was performed based on the monosaccharide peak area [ 24 ]. Infrared spectra of the purified EPS fraction were recorded in the 4000–400 cm−1 region using an FT-IR system (Perkin Elmer Spectrometer 100, Wellesley, MA, USA). The effect of EPS-2 on viability at each concentration was calculated as a percentage of control activity from absorbance values.
Hearing loss is one of the most common sensory disorders in humans, and a large number of cases are due to hair cell damage caused by ototoxic agents such as GM. The characterization of polysaccharides from the endophytic fungus had great significance for the further structure-function relationship study, and the development and application of the endophytic polysaccharide. Differentiation of the anomeric configuration and ring form of glucosyl-glycolaldehyde anions in the gas phase by mass spectrometry: isomeric discrimination between m/z 221 anions derived from disaccharides and chemical synthesis of m/z221 standards.Carbohydrate Res.
Bax, Bcl2, and P53 differentially regulate neomycin- and gentamicin-induced hair cell death in the zebrafish lateral line. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Rare Earth Hydroxide as a Precursor for Controlled Fabrication of Uniform β -NaYF 4 Nanoparticles: A
However, NaYF4:Yb3+/Er3+nanoparticles obtained with NaOH (Figure 1C) or NaOA (Figure 1D) as sodium sources had a uniform size and a crystal phase that matched well with the standard JCPDS 16-0334 of β-NaYF4 (Figure 1E). TEM images of NaYF4:Yb3+/Er3+nanocrystals synthesized with NaOH (A), NaOA (B), CF3COONa (C) and NaF (D) as well as the corresponding XRD patterns (E). A series of NaYF4:Yb3+/Er3+nanocrystals were synthesized with different ratios of Na+/Ln3+/F− when the volume ratio of OA/ODE was fixed.
Figure 5A–F display the TEM images and corresponding size distribution of NaYF4:Yb3+/Ln3+@NaGdF4core–shell nanoparticles. Figure 5G depicts the upconversion emission spectra for NaYF4:Yb3+/Er3+ nanoparticles and NaYF4:Yb3+/Er3+@NaGdF4core–shell nanoparticles. Figure 5H shows the upconversion emission spectra of NaYF4:Yb3+/Ho3+ nanoparticles and NaYF4:Yb3+/Ho3+@NaGdF4core–shell nanoparticles.
TEM images, size histograms and corresponding upconversion spectra of structured NaYF4:Yb3+/Er3+@NaGdF4(A,D,G), NaYF4:Yb3+/Tm3+@NaGdF4(B,E,H) and NaYF4:Yb3+ /Ho3+@NaGdF4(C ,F,I) or XRD patterns of synthesized NaYF4:Yb3+/Er3+ nanocrystals with NaOA at different molar ratios of Na+/Ln3+/F−.
Fluoropolymer-Containing Opals and Inverse Opals by Melt-Shear Organization
Experimental 1. Materials and Methods
The thermal properties of the interlayer core-shell particles were characterized using a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) from Mettler Toledo (Columbus, OH, USA) DSC-1 in the temperature range from -50◦C to 150◦C with a degree heating of 20 K min−1 in a nitrogen atmosphere. After complete addition of ME2, the polymerization temperature was held for an additional hour before the vessel was cooled to room temperature. The mean particle diameter of the core particles was determined to be 246±1 nm (DLS).
The average particle diameter of the particles after functionalization was 249±4 nm as determined by DLS measurements. For the synthesis of core–shell hybrid particles, 70 g of pristine SiO2 particle dispersion was loaded into a 100 mL double-walled reactor. To form the opal film, a 2 g portion of the polymer mass was covered with two PET films and heated between two steel plates in a Collin laboratory press (Dr. Collin GmbH, Ebersberg, Germany).
To convert the opal film containing SiO2 core particles into an inverted opal film, the cores were removed by etching with hydrofluoric acid (HF, 10 wt% in water) for 4 days. Characterization of the particles, opal films, and inverted opal films was performed using DLS, TEM, SEM, AFM, DSC, UV/Vis spectroscopy, and contact angle measurements, proving the size, uniformity, and order to the melt-shear organization. and subsequent etching.
