DI^NPAN i l l
Tl/ T(/dNG HO CHi MINH - DONG CHAY TIEP NO!
CHU NGHiA MAC-LENIN- DIEU KHONG THE XUYEN TAC
• GS, TS M^CH QUANG THANG HQC vi^n Chinh tri quoc gia Ho Chi Minh
• Tdm tdt: Trong nhiing ndm qua, cdc the ldc thit dich da khdng ng^ngphu nhdn, xuyin tac tii tlidng Hd Chi Minh, md mdt trong nhiing thu doan thdm ddc cua chiing Id co tinh tdch rdi hi tlidng H6 Chi Minh vdi chu nghia Mdc - Linin. Hdnh ddng ndy chdng khdc gi cdt di mdt cdi gdc quan trong nhdt cua tti tiidng Hd Chi Minh. Bdi viet tap trung ldm ro tii tlidng HS Chi Minh chinh Id ddng chdy tiep noi chu nghta Mdc - Lenin, ddy Id dieu cdn khdng dinh, khdng ai cd the xuyin tac diidc.
• Tiikhda: tU ttidngHo Chi Minh, chu nghia Mdc - Linin.
1. Nhin lai cho dung
Cdc thi lye ehdng ddi chl dO ehinh tri hien nay eua ViOt Nam tap trung tdn cdng vao thi chdn vgc ldm chd diing cho chl dO ta: (1) Chii nghia Mdc - Lenin, tu tudng Hd Chi Minh; (2) Chii nghia xd hOi; (3) Dang COng sdn Viet Nam.
HI mOt ttong ba diem dd ylu thi chl dO chinh ttj se ylu. Va, niu hai hogc ea ba dilm dd yen thi till chdn vgc se bi triet tieu.
Ddng chu y la, sy bdi nhg, xuyin tac cuOc ddi, sy nghiip, tu tudng Hd Chi Mmh diin ra mdt cdch rdt dai ddng, quydt liet, tham hilm, vdi nhilu kiiu, nhilu dgng, liic thi tmh vi, liic thi
"vdng vo lam qudc", Sn du, nem dd gidu tay, luc thi tryc dipn "vd mdt" vdi ldi le hdn hoc, chdt chiia. Cd y kiln eho rdng, tu tudng Hd Chi Minh chi la sy sao chip chu nghia Mdc - Lenin ma
thdi. Cd y kiln nguoe lai, cho rdng, Hd Chi Mmh khdng thyc sy theo chu nghia Mae - Lenin bilu hiln la d chd Hd Chi Minh neu cao ehu nghia dan tOe, vdi y di ngtrge lai/xet lgi chii nghia Mdc - Lenin (ddi "xem xet lai ehii nghia Mdc""');
rdng, Hd Chi Minh coi ttgng V.I.Lenin raa khdng eoi ttpng C.Mac, vdi y la ttong tae pham Dudng cich menh (ndm 1927), Hd Chi Minh nhdn mgnh Cac Mae "la (nha) kinh t l hgc cdch menh"'^' ma khdng nhan manh rdng, C.Mac chinh la ngudi da xdc lap 1^ ludn chii nghia xa hOi (CNXH) khoa hgc, la "dng td" cua hoc thuyit khoa hpc va each mgng ma ede Dang COng san (DCS) tten thi gidi lay dd lam co sd ly luan phdt trien cho rainh. Cd mdt sd y kiln cho rdng, Hd Chi Minh khdng hdn phii nhdn chii nghia Mae - Lenin, nhung Hd Chi Minh chl eoi ehu nghia
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DANMdc - Limn nhu Id mpt phuang tiOn hoat dOng md thdi; ddn chiing Id tgi Dgi hgi n ciia Ddng (2- 1951), Hd Chi Minh cdn d l eao cd J JCtahn va ttr tudng Mao Trach Ddng rdi d n h i l u bdi ndi, bdi viit khdc, Hd Chi Mmh coi chii nghia Mac - Limn "nhu cdi cdm nang thdn ky"; Hd Chi Mmh ty nh^ln minh la "hgc ttd nhd" ciia mgt logt nhdn vgt md cdc vi ndy khdng ddng ehi htidng chinh tri, tm ngudng; C.Mdc, V.LLenin, Khdng Tii, Gilsu, Thich Ca Mau Ni, Tdn Ddt Tiln...Nhu vgy dtrpc bilu chii nghia Mdc - Lenin chi la mOt ttong nhilu ludng tu tudng, hgc thuyet ma Hd Chi Muih sii dyng d l dgt myc dich hogt dOng chinh tti eiia minh ma thdi.
Nhirng y kiln ttln ddy diu khdng diing, thgm chi cd t h i do cdi ldm khdng ldnh hodc do each thlic n ^ l n ciiu, nhiing ngudi cd ^ kiln logi ndy dd cdt khiic, tdch rdi cdc lugn dilm ciia Hd Chi Minh, khdng ddt vdo mOt hO thdng. Hd Chi Mmh khdng dinh mgl each chdc chdn rdng, ehii nghia Mdc - Llnin Id "mdt ttdi soi sdng". Id "tri khdn" ciia con ngudi, Id "bdn chi nam" cho con tdu di. Trong tdc pham Dudng cich m$nh, Hd Chi Minh eho rdng, Ddng phdi cd chu nghia lam cdt, ttong Ddng ai ciing phdi hiiu, ai eung phdi theo chii nghia dd. Rdi Hd Chi Mmh ddn mOt dogn nhu Id" d l hi" eho ed tdc phdm nay ngay d bia 1, y eua V.I.Lenin ttong tdc pham Lim gi?:
" Khdng cd ly lugn each mOnh, thi khdng cd each menh vgn dOng...Chi ed theo ly lugn cdch menh tiln phong, dang edch mpnh mdi lam ndi trdch nhiOm cdch menh tien phong"'^', nghia la dang phdi ed mgl Iy lugn chinh tti ddn dirdng. Va, Hd Chi Minh thdy rdng, bay gid hgc thuyit nhilu, chii nghia nhilu, nhung chu nghia chdn chinh nhdt, edch mgng nhdl la chii nghia Llnin; "phdi theo chii nghia Ma Khdc Tuva Lerun"''". Theo cdch ciia ngdn n g u h i | n nay, thi cbii nghia Mdc - Lenin diing Id nen tang tu tudng ("tti khdn"
cua con ngudi) va kim chi nam ("ban chi nam ) cho hdnh ddng ciia id chiic vd ngudi cO^S ^ ^ chii diit khodt khdng phdi Id phuong tien.
VI tiiyc chdt, Hd Chi Mmh coi ehii nghia Mdc - Lenin la eo sd d l dgt myc dfch tdi cao id gi^
phdng con ngudi mOt cdch hodn todn va ttiOt dl. Sy gidi phdng ndy chi cd till tiiye hipn dupc dudi c h l do eOng san chd nghia - dilu md ttong Tuydn ngdn cua Ding C0ng sin, C.Mdc vd PhJ^gghen khdm mOt y bdt hii: "Thay eho xd hOi tu sdn cu, vdi nhiing giai cdp vd ddi khdng giai cdp ciia nd, s i xudl hiln mOl lien hpp, ttong dd sy phdt triln t\f do ciia mdi ngudi Id dilu ki|n cho sy phdt triln ty do ciia tdt ed mpi ngtrdi"'^'.
Tu tiidng Hd Chl Minh Id ddng chdy tilp ndi ehu nghia Mdc - Lenin dugc t h i hipn rd nhdt d 1) Vgn dyng sdng lao ly l u ^ Mdc - Lenin, ldm cho ly ludn Mdc - Llnin thdm vdo dudng ldi, ehinh sdch ciia Ddng va Nha nude; 2) Ldy ylu td khdng thay ddi (nguyen ly ea bdn) d l iing vdi mudn van sy thay ddi cua tinh hmh (nhu ldi Hd Chi Mmh ndi vdi Huynh Thiic Khdng ndm 1946:
"DI bdt biln ung van biln"); 3) Qud trinh bdo vO va phdt triln ly ludn Mdc - Lenin.
2. Ddng ti^p n6i ciia tir tirdng H 6 Chi Minh Tu tudng Hd Chi Minh t h i hiln sy tilp ndi tu tudng/ly luan/hge thuyit Mac - Lenin d nhilu dilm. Trong pham vi bdi viit nay, tae gid t$p trung vao 5 dilm chinh sau:
(1) Vdmuc tidu vi con dudng phit tridn cua din tdc ViitNam.
Dd la muc tiiu ehii nghia cOng sdn, con dirdng la ldm cdch mang tu sdn ddn quyin edch mgng va thd dia cdch mang. Sau ndy, ttong vdn kiln ciia Ddng, muc tieu dd dtrpc diln dgt bdng nhilu cum tir nhu "cdch ragng ddn tdc dan chii nhdn dan", "dOe lap dan tOc va ehd nghia xa hgi". Trong tu duy ciia Hd Chi Minh, myc tiiu nay bao gdm nOi dung gidi phdng ddn tdc, nOi
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dung ddn chii (ddn chii d day chu ylu la giai quydt vdn d l rugng ddt eho ndng dan) va nOi dung edch mgng XHCN.
MOt sd ngudi n h ^ dinh khdng diing vl mye tiiu dOc !3p ddn tOc va CNXH do Hd Chi Minh tim vd chgn nhiing ndm 1910 -1920 eiia t h l l ^ XX. Hg eho rdng, Hd Chi Minh dd chgn sai, va ho lyy, theg hp, la khiln eho dat nude Vipt Nam ldm vdo nhilu cuOc chiin tan khdc khdng cdn thilt; rdng, vi myc tiiu vd eon dudng ma Hd Chi Minh chpn khdng diing, cho nen ddt nude ViOt Nam mdi tiln chdm chap ttong khi tiim luc, tiim ndng ciia ddt nudc rdt ldn, ndu chpn diing myc tiiu vd con dudng (muc tiiu va con dudng tu bdn ehii nghia), thi dan tOc Vipt Nara s i sdm sdnh vai vdi cdc cudng qudc ndm chdu, chii ddu phdi nhu hiOn thdi, ddt nude mdi vua thodt nghlo, GDP ddu ngudi ndm 2019 chi dgt gdn 3 ngWn ddla My, vdn ehua thodt ra khdi edi bdy ciia nude thu nh$p trung binh, ttong khi miic GDP bmh qudn ddu ngudi t h i gidi dang dat con sd gdn 9 nghm ddla My.
Thyc t l cudi till ky XDC ddu till ky XX, Vipt Nam dd kilm nghiim nhilu muc tiiu vd con dubng phdt triln. Cdn Vuong u? VO ttang ddnh dudi thyc dan Phdp de rdi quay lgi eiing cd che do phong kiln thi ehinh la di ngupc lai xu the phdt triln ciia xd hOi Viet Nam, vi ehe dO phong kiln ViOt Nam da hi khiing hoang tii the ky XVI, din t h i ky XDC lgi edng khiing hodng hon. Dan ehii tu sdn u? Kl cd hinh thiic cOng hda dgi nghi vd quan chii l^p hiln tuy la mdi ddi vdi Viit Nara nhung dd la cii va ldi thdi ddi vdi t h i gidi. Cae chi si ylu nude nhu Phan BOi Chau, Phan Chau Trinh, Nguyin Thdi Hpc.day diing khi nhung dudng ldi, phuong phdp cdch mgng khdng hgp vdi ddt ntrdc. Do vgy, cdc phong ttao ddu ttanh ylu nude dd thdt bai nhanh chdng, thdt bgi khdng phdi ehi vi Vipt Nam cd vd khi thd so, ky
thugt tdc chien thua kem so vdi lyc lugng xam lupc Phdp, md chu yeu Id do ede phong ttao yeu nudc dd khdng hop thdi. Xu t h i mdi - con dudng each mang vd san theo ly lugn C.Mdc, PhAngghen va V.I.Lenin dd n i u len, Hd Chi Minh la ngudi dap iing dupc yeu cdu eiia xu t h i phdt triln ndy mOt each xuat sde. Nhgn tinic vd hdnh dOng ciia Hd Chi Minh Id nhgn thiic, hdnh ddng eiia ngudi dgi diln, ngudi di tiln phong ciia xu t h i dd.
Sy phu nhgn mye tieu va eon dudng ma Hd Chi Mmh dd lua chgn chinh la sy phii nhgn ehu nghia Mdc - Lenin, la sy v l hiia eung ede thilye thu dich nhdm dd kich, xuyin tac Ijf lugn Mdc - Llnin, mudn "hg be than tugng" Hd Chi Minh.
Ddnh rdng, ttong lich su phong trao eOng sdn qude t l dd timg xudt hipn mOt sd kl dOc tdi, chuyen quyin; cd mOt sd hii bgi, thodi hda, nhung dd khdng phan dnh bdn chdt eiia ly lugn v l CNXH ma C.Mdc, PhAngghen, V.I.LInin da neu Iln. Ciing ttiong ty nhu vgy, ttong qud trinh xdy dyng CNXH dViet Nam, dd ed mOt sd tiiu eye, nhung dd chi la nhiing hipn tugng khdng phan dnh bdn chat.
(2) Ddi vdi cich mang giai phdng dan tdc.
Hd Chi Mmh la ngudi da "dinh chinh", ndi each khdc la van dyng, bd sung, phdt triln quan dilm ciia ehii nghia Mac - Llnin vl mdi quan hO giiia cdch ragng giai phdng dan tOe d nude thudc dia vdi cdch mgng vd san d "ehinh qudc".
C.Mac. PhAngghen, V.I.Lenin va Hd Chi Minh deu cd dilra chung khi khdng dinh sy gdn kit chdt ehe giira each mang giai phdng dan tOe d thude dia va each mgng vd san d "chinh qudc".
Nhung, van de ddt ra la quan he giira cdch mgng vd san d "chinh qudc" va each mang giai phdng dan tdc d thuOc dia la quan he ngang hang nhau, hay dd la quan he chinh - phy, cdi np phy thuOe vao cdi kia? Ve vdn d l nay, ly luan Mdc -
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Lenin cho rdng, each mgng vd san d "chinh qudc" ddng vai trd quyet dinh. se nd ra va gjdnh thdng lgi trudc, nidd lao dilu kipn thuan lgi cho each mgng giai phdng ddn tdc d thuOc dia thanh cdng. C.Mdc v i i t "So vdi cdc nudc khae, Anh la nudc ma d dd sy ddi lap giiia giai cap vd san va giai cdp tu san da dal tdi ninh dg phdt triln cao hon cd. Do vay. thdng lpi ciia nhiing ngudi \d san Anh ddi vdi giai cap m san Anh cd y n ^ a quyit djnh cho sy thdng lgi ciia tdt ed nhiing ngudi bj dp biic ddi vdi nhiing kl dp buc hg. Dd Id nguyin nhdn vi sao ma phdi gidi phdng Ba Lan khdng phdi d Ba Lan, ma Id d Anh"'^. Trong Tuyln ngdn cua Ding Cdng sin, C.Mac vd PhAngghen xdc dinh rdng, c h l dg ngudi bdc lot ngudi ehinh Id cdn nguyen ddn din sy nd dich ciia dan tOc nay ddi vdi dan lOc khdc, vi vgy, giai quyit vdn d l ddn tOc d cdc nudc thugc dia lgi tiiy thuOc vdo vipe gidi quyet vdn d l giai cdp, trudc hit Id d cdc ntrdc "chinh qudc". Do dd, edc dng chii tmang: "Hdy xda bd tinh ttgng ngudi bdc lOt ngirdi thi tinh trgng ddn tOc ndy bdc !0t dan tOe khde cung se hi xda bd. Khi md sy ddi khdng giiia cdc giai cdp ttong nOi bO ddn tOc khdng cdn niia tiu sy thii dich giiia cdc ddn tOc ciing ddng thdi mdt theo"'^.
So vdi CMdc va PhAngghen thi V.I.LInin cd dilu kipn thyc t l d l quan tdm nhilu den phong ttao giai phdng ddn toe d cdc tiiuOc dia va phu thuOc, ttong bdi canh ehii nghia d l qudc dd thilt lap dch thdng tri d nhieu nudc chdu A, chau Phi va khu vyc My Latinh. Song, rdt ti€c la V.I.LInin ciing cd quan diem gidng C.Mdc vd PhAngghen vl suphu tiiuOe ciia each mang gidi phdng dan tOc d cdc thugc dia vao thdng lpi cua cdch mang vd sdn d "ehinh qudc". La ngirdi xuat than til mOt nudc thuOc dia, van dung thanh cdng phep bien chiing duy vat ciia chii n ^ a Mdc - Lenin vdo phan tich dilu kiln cu t h i cua
Vi?i Nam va mOt sd tiiuOc dia khac. Hd Chf Mmh rapt mdt ludn khdng djnh phdi niu cao tinh tiidn dOc lgp ttr chu. khdng trdng chd. y lgi.
dya ddm vao sy giup dd cua ben ngodi; mdt khdc, Ngudi nhdn tiidy rdng. tiiudc dja chinh Id noi tgp trung nhung mdu tiiudn gay gdt nhdl ciia till gidi liic dd. la noi kit ty nhtrng "noc dOc" vd
"sue sdng" ciia "eon rdn dOe tu bdn chii nghia".
Do dd, cdch mgng gidi phdng dan tOc d cdc nudc tiiudc dja vdn cd tinh ddc lgp ttong mdi quan h | vdi cdch mgng vd sdn d "chinh qudc" vd dilu ndy Id quan trpng hon cd: cdch mgng gidi phdng ddn tOe d thudc dia cd till nd ra. gidnh tiidng lgi tnrdc edch mgng vd sdn d "chinh qudc", tii dd tgo dilu kiln thudn Igi cho giai cap cdng nhan d "cWnh qudc" ttong cuOe ddu ttanh chdng lgi giai cdp lusdn, gianh chinh quyin (tiic Id "ddnh rdn ddng ddu').
(3) Ddi vdi vin dd Ding Cgng sin Vi$t Nam cim quydn.
Trong ly ludn ciia minh, C.Mdc vd PhAngghen thudng d l cdp vdn d l xdy dyng vd phdt triln td chirc cOng sdn d mdi trudng xa hOi cdng nghipp, khi giai cdp cdng nhdn dgi co khi/dgi cdng nghi|p da hinh thanh va phat triln. Til moi tnrdng xd hOi dgi cdng nghiOp, DCS td chiic eho giai cdp cdng nhan Uln mmh chdt che vdi giai cdp ndng dan va cdc tdng ldp lao dOng khdc. Thye t l cho tiidy, tiidi eiia CMdc va PhAngghen. chua ed mOt td chire cOng sdn ndo cdm quyin tren till gidi, cho nen quan dilm cua hai dng chua dugc kilm nghipm mOt cdch chdc chdn ttong thyc te. Din tiidi ky sau Cdch mgng Thdng Mudi Nga ndm 1917, V.I.LInin cd khoang 6 ndm dimg ddu DCS cdm quyen, da dp dung nhieu chii truang phdt triln ddt nudc Iln CNXH ttong dilu kipn rdt ddc tiiii oia nOi chiin. cua nhiing ndm sau Chiin tranh till gidi tiiu I. V.I.LInin nhdn manh rdng, ngoai
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tinh chdt ly l u ^ vd bdn chdt giai cdp cdng nhan ciia Ddng bdnsevich, cdn lim y phai dua nhilu cdng nhan vdo Dang dl cdi thipn thdnh phdn ttong Ddng \d sd lupng ddng viln xudt than tii giai cdp cdng nhdn d nude Nga (sau ndy la ea d Liln Xd) cdn it. Dilu ndy cd khdc vdi thdi ky khi CMdc vd PhAngghen sdng. Nd ed cdn nguyin Id, mdi trudng xd hOi nudc Nga, va sau nay la Liln Xd, khdng phdi Id mOt nudc cdng nghiOp, khdng nhu hodn cdnh hinh thdnh ly luan C.Mdc vd PhAngghen dd niu khi dl cap din vdn dl DCS.
UOu cd xdy dyng dupe raOt td chtic DCS theo chii nghia Mdc - Llnin d mdi trudng kinh tl lgc h&u, chgm phdt triln nhu d Vipt Nam khdng, khi mddduthlk^XX,edtdigdn 95% dan sd Id ndng ddn, sd lugng giai cdp cdng nhdn rdt it so vdi tdng sd ddn cu (vdo thdi dilm Ddng bdt ddu cdm quyin, sd lugng giai cdp cdng nhan khodng hon 200 nghin ngudi) vd qud trinh giai cdp cdng nhdn tiln Iln mOt giai cdp cdng nhdn dgi cdng nghiOp diln ra rdt chgm chgp? Hd Chi Minh la ngudi ttd ldi ed vl mdt ly lugn vd thye tiln la:
hodn todn xay dyng dupe. Hd Chi Minh niu Iln quy lugt ra ddi eiia DCS ViOt Nara la chii nghia Mdc - Llnin kit hgp vdi phong ttao cdng nhan vd phong ttdo ylu nudc. Nhung. cdn nhdn mgnh thim: khdng rtiiiing Id quy luat ra ddi ma cdn Id quy lugt phit triin eua Ddng niia, vi nd cd y nghia ldn ddi vdi mOt ddng cdm quyin nhu DCS ViOt Nam. Chmh vipc dua thim yeu td phong trao yeu nude vdo kit hgp vdi chii nghia Mdc - Llnin va phong ttao cdng nhan da lam co sd cho lu ludng chiin lupc eiia Ddng ttong vipe xdy dyng khdi dgi doan kit loan dan tOe. Co sd xd hOi ciia Ddng khdng chi Id giai cdp edng nhan ma edn Id todn thi nhdn ddn lao dOng. Hd Chi Mmh dd khdng it ldn bay td quan dilm nay khi cho rdng, bdn chdt giai cdp cua Ddng la ban chdt
gjai cap cdng nhdn. Nhung Dang khdng chi Id Dang ciia giai cap cdng nhdn ma ddng thdi edn la eua nhdn dan lao dOng va loan ddn tgc.
Thdi ky eiia C.Mdc va PhAngghen cdn sdng, chua cd eude edch mang vd san ndo gidnh dupc thdng lgi. Cdng xd Pari nam 1871 la cuOc Ihl nghipm dau tien cua giai cap vd san Phdp vtmg Iln vdi khi thixung thiln ddnh dd chl dg tu ban chu nghia, phd bd nha nudc ciia giai cdp tu sdn, lap nen nhd nudc cua giai cdp cdng nhan Phdp, nhung luc dd DCS Phdp chua ra ddi. Nhimg tdng kit ciia CMdc ttong tae pham Nqi chidn d Phip, tuy bilu dat ndng lyc tu duy rdt nhanh nhgy eua CMdc (tdng kit ngay khi Cdng xd Pari dang diln ra], nhung ddi vdi riing van dl ddng ciia giai cdp cdng nhdn lai ehua cd ^ dl ndi bdi thyc tl chua cd. Qudc tl I, Qudc tl cdng nhdn, thdi cua C.Mdc vd PhAngghen tin ciing chua cd raOt DCS riing ciia mOt dan tgc ndo. DCS cdra quyin, do do, ngay ttong dy dodn cua hai dng ciing chtra ed.
V.I.LInin niu ien mdt sd vdn dl cd tinh nguyen tdc vl ddng vd san kiiu mdi ciia giai cdp vd san, rd nhdt Id tii ndm 1903 vdi viOc hinh thanh DCS (b) Nga, khi cd sy phdn lipt trong Ddng Cdng nhdn Dan chu - Xa hOi Nga thdnh hai phdi: bolshevik va melshevik. Day la nhiing nOi dtmg chung eho tat ea cdc thdi ky. chii khdng rieng cho thdi kyDCS cam quyin. "Dang ta Id Dang cam quyen"'^' Id cym tii do Hd Chi Minh neu len ro nhat ttong Di ehue. Tmh tii thdng 9-1945 din thdng 9-1969, Hd Chi Minh giii ttgng ttach lanh tu eua DCS cam quyin ttong 24 nam. Su cam quyin eiia DCS Viit Nam duge xae lap thdng qua Tdng khdi nghia Thang Tam ndm 1945 thdng Ipi va dupc khao nghiira, thii thdch qua hoan canh vira xay dyng va bdo ve Td qudc, ttai qua khdng chien, chiin ttanh each mgng. Hd Chi Minh da van dung nhtmg
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nguyfn ly chung eua V.I.Lf nm ve ding kiiu mfii cua giai cip vfi sin vio xiy dyng DCS Mft Nam eim quyin. Ngufii bfi sung, phit tiiin ly luin eua V.LLInin ttln nhilu vin dl, die bi|t efi ba vin dl ehii ylu nhit: 1) Vin dl Ding cua ai; 2) Xiy dyng Ding vl dao diic each mang; 3) Nhin manh nhimg vin dl Ding d m quyin ttong dilu kifn linh dao Nhi nufic.
Hfi Chi Mmh nhin manh DCS Vift Nam eim quyin li Ding eiia dao diic vi vin minh. Mufin till, Ding phii tfi rfi vl tiiuc chit Ding "ii dao diic, li vin mmh"'". Tu cieh eiia mfit DCS cim quyin - dfi ehinh li dilm bfi sung phit triln Ifin eiia Hfi Chi Minh so vfii chii nghia Mic - Llnin.
Quyin mi Ding cim li tii nhin din trao eho.
Sy eim quyin cua Ding khfing phii cu ty nhin mi dupc, mi dp uy tin cua Ding qua cic thfii ky cichmangvitiidfiminhindintin tuftng trao cho Ding quyin linh dao dit nufic. Dilu niy eilng di Uln vfii mpt tit ylu khie: mufin bio dim sy cim quyin thi Ding phii thufing xuyin ty dfii mfii vi ty chinh dfin, lim cho Ding lufin lufin ttong s?ch, viing manh; Ding phii lufin lufin ning cao vai ttfi linh dao, vai ttfi cam quyin vi sue chlln diu cua minh dfii vfii sy phit ttiln eua dit nuftc. Nhu vfy, vai ttfi cam quyin cua Ding li chmh ding. Nhung su eim quyin ciia Ding si khfing cfin, niu Ding bj thoii hfia, biln chit. Do dfi, su cim quyin ciia Ding li tit ylu, li ehinh dang can di bin vfii qui tiinh Ding ren luyf n, dfii ngii cin bfi, dang vifn phii trong s^ch, vimg manh, khfing bi sa vio cae tif u cyc - nhimg nguy CO rit dl nhin thiy trong dilu kifn hg efi chuc, cfi quyin ttong bfi miy ciiahfthfing chinh tii. Vi, dilu die bif t ft tu duy cung nhu hanh dfing eua Hfi Chi Minh, ii mpt dilm bfi sung phit oiln ly luin eua chu nghia Mic - Limn, li ft chfi Hfi Chi Mmh luu y dim net tfti linh dao - phyc vu eua Ding eim quyin. Hfi
Chi Mmh eoi linh d?o cimg tiie li "lim tiiu ngya, lam tfii tfi ttung tiiinh eiia nhan din ,
"phii giii gm Dang ta tiiit nxmg sach, phii xilng ding li ngufii linh dao, li ngufii diy tfi that tnmg thinh eiia nhin din
(4) Vdn ddxiy dtmg Nhi nudcphap quydn.
CMic, Ph Aigghcn, V.I.Lenin hiu nhu chua dl cip hoic dl eip rit it vin dl nhi nufic phip quyin ttong chl dfi XHCN. Trong eic bii nfii, bii viit cua minh, Hfi Chi Minh khfing dl cfp khii nifm "Nhi nufic phip quyin", nhung tinh tiiin vin toil Iln nfii dung dfi. Dfi li nhung vin dl: Nhi nufirc hpp hiln, hpp phip; Nhi nuftc ciia nhin din, dp nhin din, vi nhin din; mpi tfi chiie chhih tti - xi hfii, kl ci Ding cim quyin, mgi ci nhin diu cfi ti^ch nhifm tiiyc hifn phip luit vfii tinh tiiin tiiugng tfin phip luft; bie dim bin chit giai cip nhung dfing tiifii mang tinh din tfic siu sic; tieng boat dpng mang Hnh nhin vin, nhin d^o, nhin nghia - tit ei vi sy nghifp giii phfing con ngufti - mye tiiu cao nhit, mye tiiu cufii cimg theo tu tuftng Hfi Chi Mmh vl Giii phfing din tfic - Giii phfing xi hfii - giai cip - Giii phong con ngufii. Cung nhu vl Ding cim quyin, Hfi Chi Mmh lufin chii ttgng tfii trich nhifm phyc vy cua Nhi nufie, eiia tit ei cin bfi, cfing ehiic. Dilu niy hpin tpin phii hgp vfti xa hfii hifn dju, khi vin dl bio dim vi phit huy quyin eon ngufti, quyin efing din dupc coi ttpng hon. Hfi Chi Mmh chmh la ngufti nhin rit manh tfii Nhi nufiie voi vai trfi chiic ning quin ly, phuc vy nhin din, ttong khi l^
luin chii nghia Mic - Llnin lai coi ttgng hon tinh cai hi, thfing tri eiia mfit giai eip - vfin bin chit gfic cua nhi nufic. Tii chinh phii oua nhi nufic cai tri din chinh phu phye vu din li ci nhirng buftc tiln dii vl nhin thiic va hinh dpng eiia Hfi Chi Mmh. Trong nr tiring Hfi Chi Mmh ve Nha nufirc phip quyin Vift Nam, khfing efi
LtLUANCNfNHTRI-SJ7/2020
ia
chd dling cho edi ggi Id "Ddng tti", n ^ la Dang tranh/sodn quyin Nhd nudc.
(5) Ddi vdi xiy diflig ch it nghia xa hdi.
Hd Chf Mmh kl thiia phuong phdp ludn eua chu n^ifti Mdc khi xem xlt xd hgi cgng san la ket qud vdn dOng ty nhiln ttong su thay thi ciia cdc hinh thdi kinh tl - xd hOi. 6 nudc Nga va vl sau Id Uln Xd, sau khi V.I.LenUi mdt, da ttai qua nhilu thdi ky, ddn ddn ttong phong ttao cOng sdn va cdng nhan qude tl dinh hinh md hinh Xdvilt. Trong qud trinh xdy dyng CNXH, cd nhilu DCS cdm quyin vgn dyng thanh cdng nhung quan dilm eiia V.I.Lenin vl CNXH vao dilu kipn ciia ntrdc minh. Song, bin canh dd, nhilu ddng eung da vgn dyng sai, rd nhdt id tu duy ddt chdy giai dogn, duy y chi, gido dilu, bao cdp, mOnh Ipnh hdnh chinh ttong khi ly lugn Mdc - Llnin ludn nhdn mgnh tinh phong phii, tfnh sdng tgo khi xay dyng CNXH d moi nude.
DCS ViOt Nam da v ^ dyng chii nghia Mac - Llnin vdo xdy dyng CNXH va dgt dugc nhiing kit qud nhdt djnh nhung ciing bOc 10 nhiing khilm khuyit nhu nhilu DCS cdm quyin khde ttong chng hi thdng, phd biln nhdt la tu duy cai tgo nin kmh tl; xdc 10p hai thanh phdn kinh te: nhd nudc va tgp thi; xde dinh mOt cdch chu quan cae bude di; nhdn thiic ehua diing ve edc quy ludt kinh tl - xd hOi ma ehiing cd gid tri ehung ehii khdng phdi chi eiia xd hOi tu bdn (kinh te thi trudng. kinh t l hang hda. quy lual gid tri, v.v..).
Hd Chl Minh ludn ehii y din hoan canh cy thi cua \^0t Nam qua cdc thdi ky de van dung ly lugn ciia chii nghia Mdc - Llnin. va sau nay la nhimg kinh nghiem ciia Liln Xd ciing nhu cua ho thdng ede nude XHCN trong xay dyng ddt nudc vdi hoan cdnh rdt ddc bipt: ddt nude viia cd hda binh, viia cd chiin tranh, ntra ntrdc dang tiln hdnh chiin ttanh gidi phdng, ddt nude di len CNXH ttong hodn ednh nudc tieu ndng.
kinh l l lgc haiL..Hd Chi Minh dd van dyng xay dung mgt chl dO kmh t l bdng hai chan (cdng nghiep vd ndng n ^ e p , ttong dd ndng nghipp va edng nghipp nhe Id co sd); qudn ly kmh te phil hgp vdi bude di dan dan. tien hanh xdy dyng xa hOi mdi vdi con ngudi XHCN.
Nhin mOt each tdng qudt. Hd Chi Minh chinh la nhdn vat lieh sii ddc biOt ciia cdch mgng\^Ot Neira. Dilu ldm nen tinh ddc biOt eiia tu tudng Hd Chf Minh chinh la sy tilp ndi ciia Ngudi ttong ddng chay cua chu nghia Mdc - Lenin, vdi tu cdch la ddng chdy vdn hda phdt triln nhdn logi 3
(1) Xem bdi "Bdo cdo ve Bdc Ky, Tmng Ky vS Nam Ky". in dphdn Phu/ucsdch Hd Chf Minh: Toin t$p, t.l, Nxb Chinh tri qudc gia, Ha NOi, 2011. tr.500- 520. Bai viit ndy cd doan: "Chii nghia dan tOc Id dOng lyc ldn cua dat nudc... Xem x6t lgi chd nghia Mac vl CO sd lich sii cua nd, ctmg cd nd bdng ddn tpc hgc phuong Dong" (tt.510-511).
(2). (3) Hd Chi Minh: Toan tap, 1.2, Nxb Chinh ttj qudc gia, Hd NOi, 2011, tt.284,279.
(4) Hd Chi Minh: Toan fap. t.2, Nxb Chinh tti qudc gia, Hd NOi. 2011. tt.304. Ma Wide Tu tiieo dm Hdn - ViOl luc bdy gid (ndm 1927) tiic Id Cic Mic.
(5) Karl Marx - Fridrich Engels: TuyBn ngdn cda Dang Cong san (Song ngu Vi|t - Anh). Nxb Tri, TP.
HdCW Minh. 2018, tt.l29.
(6). (7) C.Mac - PhAngghen: Toan tip, t.4, Nxb Chinh tri qudc gia Sy tiiat, Ha NOi, 2002. tt.527,624.
(8), (11) Hd Chi Mink Joan tip, 1.15, Nxb Chinh tti qudc gia. Ha Ngi, 2011, tt.616.612.
(9) Hd Chi Minh: Toan tap, 112, Nxb Chinh tti qudc gia, HdNOi, 2011. tt.403.
(10) Hd Chi Minh: Toan tip, L7. Nxb Chinh tri qudc gia,HaNgi,2011,tt.50.
LV LUANCHlNH TRI-So 7/2020
