NGHieNCCfU-TRflO DOI
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Recently, there are many documents pupllshed about lower blood glucose concentration by drinking extract ol okra Iruit soaked in water overnight. They claimed that one will notice blood glucose concentration to be dropped dramatically after two weeks drinking Ibe extract daily.
However, there is no scientific evidence for above treatment. The experiment process using okra fruit extracts at doses of 1. 2, 3 and 4 fruits lor normal mice.
obese mice, type 1 diabetic mice and type 2 diabetic mice with by STZ injection
showed that okra extracts have blood sugar regulating effects In the body in certain range. They help reducing blood sugar in normal mice (reduced 11.4-26.16
%) slowly but relatively stable, lower blood sugar in obese mice (decrease up to 38.86 % ) . In mouse models of type 1 diabetes, with oral doses of three fruit, after 5 weeks of continuous drinking the blood glucose concentration has been reduced to the normal physiological status
(180 mg/dl) and 8 weeks continuously drinking resulted In the highest blood glucose reduction out of the 4 experimental groups (40.08 % compared to initially). Conversely okra extract at all dose has virtually no ability to regulate
blood sugar levels In type 2 diabetic mice.
TAC DUNG HA D m HUYET CUA DICH CHIET NUiD DAU DAP
TRAN HOANG DUNG, HUYNH XUAN YIN
Khoa Cdnq nqh$ Ivinh hqc. Truong Pal hqc Nguyen T^t Thanli
IDatvande
Ddu bdp hay cdn gpi la mudp tdy, bdp chd, bdng vang, okra (My), ed tdn khoa hpc Abelmoschus esculentus. Tdc dgng eua ddu bdp ve mdt dinh dudng vd y hpc da dUpe ghi nhdn trong nhidu tai lidu y hoc c6 truydn. Qud non dung nau dn, khi ndu thdi mdng, se eho mdt chd't nh^y vd eo vj hdi ehua, dn mat; rk vd la thdi mdng phPi khd dung lam thuoc chOa ho, vidm hpng, ngdy udng 10-16 g dudi dang thudc sdc hay thud'c pha. Ngodi cdng dgng lam thuoc, h^t va r l ddu bdp cdn dupe dung lam ehdt dinh trong nghd lam giay;
h^t chfn phdi khd rang len pha u6ng nhU cd phd.
Gdn ddy, cd nhidu tdi lidu ph6 bid'n bdi thudc giup h^ dudng huydt bang dich chiSt trai ddu bap ngdm trong nudc d^ qua ddm. Udng mdi ngdy vd sau hai tudn th1 thd'y dUdng huyd't h^ xudng bat ngd, do dd cd the ddy la mdt lo^i thudc tidm ndng d l didu trj b$nh t i l u dudng trong tUPng lai. Tuy nhien chua cd ddn lieu khoa hpc ndo chdng minh eho bdi thudc neu trdn.
Trong gidi h^n cua nghidn cdu nay, chung tdi bUdc ddu khdo sat khd ndng 6n djnh dudng huydt cOa djch chidt nudc d$u bdp trdn ddi tupng thi nghidm Id chudt nh^t trdng. Kd't qud nghidn edu gdp phdn dua ra nhdn djnh v^ dp tin cdy eCia bdi thud'c cung nhu tgo nen tdng d l tie'p tge nghidn cdu sdu hpn ve cP c h l di^u hda dudng huyd't eCia djch ehi^t nude d$u bap.
2. Vat lieu va phirong phap nghien ciiu
2.1. V$t li$u nghien ciiru
Ddu bap mua tgi chp, chpn trai tUdi nguydn khdng b^m ddp, ddng nhd't.
Chudt nh^t trang Mus musculus var. albino gi6ng dUc, khodng 4-5 tuan tudi, khdi lupng 18-20 g/con, dupc ehdm sde vd cho dn theo dung khuyen cao cua Vidn Pasteur Tp Hd Chl Minh.
8« K H " O A H O " " s « * - S 8.2012
NGHieNClJU-TRflO BOI
2.2. PhUdng phdp nghien cdu
PhUdng phdp thu dich chiit nUdc d&u bap: sii dgng 4 iidu lupng Id: 1 trai, 2 trdi, 3 trdi, 4 trai va ngam trong 300 ml nude d l qua dem cho chat nhdy trong dau bap tilt ra thdng qua nhUng mat cdt ngang, dpe thdn trdi vd de hod tan vdo mdi trudng nUdc, ke cd nUde d nhidt dd thudng.
Sau 12 gid tie'n hdnh vdt bd d$u bdp, lay djch chiet dd eho chudt ud'ng vdi lieu lUpng 5 ml/kg trpng lupng.
PhUdng phdp nudi chudt thUa can: chudt nhdt trdng dupe nudi che dd giau dinh dudng trong dieu kien phdng thi nghiem 4 tuan.
Hang ngdy chudt dupe an thUc an tong hpp do Vidn Pasteur Tp fHd Chf Minh eung cap, ed bd sung them 20 ml sUa dac ed dudng pha loang vd 0,1 ml md ddng vdt dUa thang vao da ddy ehuot. Sau 4 tudn, chpn ra nhOng con chudt CO trpng lUpng Idn hdn hodc bang 35 g/con d l thf nghiem.
PhUdng phap gay tieu dudng type 1 thi/c nghiem: ehuot tieu dudng type 1 dupc gay bdng each tidm Streptozotocin - STZ (S0130-500MG, Sigma) lieu cao (lilu 150 mg/kg va lieu 200 f"g/kg) pha trong dem Natri citrate (Merk) qua nga mang bung. Sucrose (RM3063-500G, Himedia) lieu 2 g/kg mdt Idn duy nhat sau khi tidm STZ. Kilm tra nong dp glucose huyet vdo cdc ngay 0 (trudc luc tidm STZ), ngdy 7va ngdy 14 (sau khi tiem STZ).
NhUng con chudt ed nong dd glucose huyet > 10 mmol/l (tdc la 180 mg/df) dUpc eoi la thanh cdng. Cac ehi sd' sinh ly can kilm tra d l xdc dmh chudt tilu dudng type 1 la: khoi lupng, ndng dd
glucose huyet, mUc dp chiu dgng glucose vd mUc dp chju dUng insulin.
Phuang phdp gdy tiiu dudng type 2 thuc nghidm: chudt tilu dudng type 2 dupc gdy b^ng each tiem STZ ket hpp vdi Nicotinamide (NA) (code 1068280005, Merk).
Tidm NA lilu 120 mg/kg vao cde ngdy 0, ngdy 2, ngdy 4, ngdy 6, ngdy 8 va tidm STZ lieu 100 mg/
kg sau khi tidm NA 15 phut. Kilm tra ndng dp dUPng huyet eac ngdy 0, ngdy 7, ngdy 14, ngdy 21, ngdy 35. Sau ngay 35 tid'n hanh kilm tra eac chf tieu nong dp glucose huyet, mUc dd chiu dUng glucose vd mUc dp chju dung insulin.
PhUdng phdp kiim tra mtic do chiu diing glucose: bd ddi chudt trong vdng 16 gid, trong thdi gian nay chl eho udng nudc; dung djch glucose lieu 1,5 mg/kg dUpc chuan bj bdng edeh pha 5 g D- glueose khan (PCT0603-500G, Himedia) trong 50 ml nddc vd trung, Ipc bang mang Ipe dudng kfnh 0,2 ^m va giO vd trung, tIem cho chuot vdo ngay 7 vd ngay 14 sau khi tidm STZ Kilm tra nong dd dudng huydt vdo cde thdi dilm: 0 phut (trudc lue tiem), 30 phut, 60 phut vd 120 phut (sau khi tiem). Vdi nhOng con chudt bj tilu dudng thi ndng dp glucose huyd't vao thdi diem 120 phut sau khi tidm dung dich D-glucose Id >
200 mg/dl.
PhUdng phap kiim tra mtic dd chiu di/ng insulin: b6 ddi chudt trong khodng 6 gid, kilm tra nong dp glucose huyd't vao thdi diem trudc khi tiem, tidm dung djeh insulin (Insulin Novelet, 100 U/ml, Mixtard) lieu 0,375 U/kg. Kiem tra ndng dp dudng huyet vdo eac thdi dilm: 0 phdt (trudc luc tiem insulin). 30 phut, 60 phut, 120
phut sau khi tiem. Vdi nhdng con chudt binh thudng va nhUng con chupt bj benh tieu dudng type 1 se edm Ung rat td't vdi insulin eon nhUng con chudt bj benh tieu dudng type 2 se edm Ung rat eham vdi insulin hodc khdng edm Ung dupc vdi insulin ngogi sinh.
PhUdng phdp do glucose huyit ehuot nudi trong dieu kien binh thudng, khdng cho dn trong vdng 12-16 gid, trong thdi gian ndy ch?
eho udng nudc. Thu nhdn mdu tTnh mach dudi, sau dd kilm tra nong dp glucose bang may glueometer.
Khi lay mdu thif nghiem, bo gipt dau tidn, lay gipt thU hai nhd vdo que test dupe gdn vdo may do glucose huyet. Sau 20 giay, ghi nhan ket qud ndng dp glucose huyet (mmol/l hay mg/dl). Chl sd glucose huyet dupc do bang may do glucose huyd't tu ddng va bd kit thCf One touch Ultra Easy cOa hang Johnson&Johnson (My).
Phuang phdp bi tri thf nghiem:
chudt toan due, khd'i lupng ban dau dong nha't tU 18 ddn 20 g/
eon, phdn ngdu nhien vao cac ehudng nudi (5 con/chuong), tie'n hdnh gdy ehuot thda edn, tieu dudng type 1, type 2. Chudt thda man eac dieu kien sinh ly eho cac md hinh dupe xao trdn, phdn ngdu nhien vd phdn lai vdo cdc Id thf nghiem tUdng Ung (5 con/
Id), Id udng lieu 1 trdi ddu bap.
Id udng lieu 2 trai. Id udng lieu 3 trai. Id udng lieu 4 trdi. Id DC am ud'ng nudc cat. Id DC dddng ud'ng Oligofort (tilu dudng type 1) vd Metformin (tieu dudng type 2).
Thf nghidm lap lai 3 ldn.
PhUdng phdp xO ly si lieu thing ke: td't cd cdc ke't qua dupe bieu hien la trung binh ± dp leeh ehuan (mean ± S.D) cua 5 con chudt trong mdi Id. Td't ca nhUng
So thang 8.2012 I C H " " A * H O C " ^
NGHI6N cufu-TRflO 0 6 l
thdng sd dupe phdn tfch thdng kd theo phUPng phdp phdn tfch ANOVA bdng MS - EXCEL. Sg khde bi§t giUa cdc gid trj trung binh cd y nghTa thd'ng kd khi P < 0,05.
3. Kgt qua va thao ludn
3.1. Khdo sdt dnh hudng cua dfch chiit nudc d$u b4p Idn chl si dudng huyit d chu^t nh4t tring binh thudng
Khdo sdt dnh hudng cua djch chilt nude d§u bdp nhdm myc dfeh chpn ra lilu td'i Uu nhdt vd tdc dgng hg dudng huyet ehdm vd thdi gian kdo ddi. SCf dgng 30 eon ehudt, trpng lupng 20 ± 2 g, chia thanh 6 Id, mdi Id 5 con. T h i tfch cho ud'ng 6 m6i con chudt dupc cd djnh Id 0,2 ml/con vdi lilu duy nhd't mdi ngay. Chudt dupc udng djch chilt nude d$u bdp lieu tU 1 trdi den 4 trdi theo tUng Id, theo doi trong 8 tuan sU thay ddi dUdng huyet, sd li$u bieu thj d bdng 1.
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Qua kS't qu4 bSng 1 cho thSiy, c^c liSu t h i nghi$m tC( 1 Uii d^n 4 Uii dSu b4p d i u c6 tec dgng h^ dudng huyfit trSn chu0t nh^t trSng blnh thudng, khang thSy si,f kh^c bi§t c6 y nghTa thdng k§ giOa c4c 16 (P > 0,05). Trong d6, c i c Id 1, 2 v4 4 co ty l§
hg glucose huyit nhanh, nhung mCfc dudng huy^t khdng 6n dinh, cdn 6 Id 3 (udng dich chilt 3 trai dSu bSp) cd ty 1$ ha dudng huydt chSm, dn dinh hdn, mile dd h9 dudng huylt an toSn vi hidu qu4 hon.
3.2. Khio sil inh hudng cua djch chUll nudc d$u bip lin chl s6 dudng huyit vi cin ning d chudt thUa cin
Bis dyng 30 con chudt, khdi lupng 37 + 2 g/con, chia thctnh 6 Id. Thd tfch cho ud'ng d mdi con chudt duoc cd dinh \i 0,2 ml/con vdi lidu duy nhat mdi ngdy. Chudt dL/0c udng dich chiet nudc ddu bdp lidu tir 1 trdi ddn 4 trdi theo tCrng id, theo ddi trong 8 tu^n sy thay ddi dudng huydt va can ndng.
Cdc iidu thO nghidm tir 1 trdi ddn 4 trai ddu bdp ddu cd tdc dyng h9 dudng huydt tr§n chudt thira cdn, nhung khdng thdy sy khdc bidt cd y nghTa thdng ke giOa cdc Id (P > 0,05). Tuy nhign, 6 lidu udng dich chidt nudc ddu b^p thi 3 trdi cd tdc dyng hg dudng huydt chdm, dn dinh vd ty l§ glucose huydt giSm cao nhd't (gidm 38.86%) va cd y nghTa thdng ke (P
< 0,05) (bdng 2).
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Bing 1: kit qui inh hudng cua djch chiit nUdc diu bdp lin chl sd dudng huyit cua chudt nhil tring blnh thudng sau 8 tudn
Khi so sdnh vdi Id DC dm eho thd'y, cd 4 Id chudt cho udng dich chiet nude ddu bdp ddu cd chi sd dudng huyet gidm dan vd thdp hdn (su khdc bidt ed y nghTa thdng ke P < 0,05). So sdnh Id DC dUdng vdi cdc Id chupt eho udng djch chiet nude ddu bdp thi khdng th^y cd sU khac bidt cd y nghTa thdng kd (P > 0,05). Sau 5 tuan IhCf nghiem thi ch? sd dudng huyet 6 eac id cho ud'ng djch chiet nude ddu bdp deu gidm, the hidn ty Id hg glucose huyd't cao, sg
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Bing 3' kit qui inh hUdng cua dich chiit nudc diu bip lin chl sd cin ning cua chudt thUa cin sau 8 tuin
Sd lieu bang 3 eho thay, sau 5 tuan eho udng djch chidt nUde ddu bdp, cde Id chudt ed khdi lupng dn dinh va gidm nhp trong thdi gian cho ud'ng, nhung khdng thay sU khac biet giOa cdc id {P > 0,05). So vdi id DC dm vd DC dUdng thi cae Id eho udng djch chiet nudc ddu bap cd chi sd cdn ndng thap hdn, on djnh hdn va the hien ty Id khdi lupng gidm sau 5 tudn eho udng (sU khde bidt nay cd y nghTa thd'ng ke P < 0,05). Nhu vdy, djch chiet nudc dau bdp cd tac dung giam nhe vd dn djnh trpng lUdng 6 chudt thUa cdn, nhUng tac dung dd khdng keo ddi. Vdi lieu 3 trdi ddu bap mdi ngdy se co tac dgng ha dudng huydt an todn, hieu qua (ty id giueose huyd't gidm - 38,86%) vd keo dai, ddng thdi giup gidm nhp trpng lUdng {t^ Id trpng lUdng gidm -15,3%).
3.3. Khao sdt anh hudng cua dfch chiit dgu bip len sudieu hda dudng huyet d chugt tieu dudng type 1
Cho chudt bi tieu dudng type 1 ud'ng 0,2 mi djch chiet nudc ddu bap vdi iidu ngdm 1, 2, 3 va 4 trai/300 ml nUdc mdi ngdy lien tye trong 8 tuan, ket qud ndng dd dudng huyet dupe ghi nhdn 6 bdng 4.
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Khdo sdt khd ndng dn djnh dudng huyet cija dieh chiet ddu bdp sau 8 tudn chung tdi thay rang, dich chiet ddu bdp c6 dnh hudng den ndng dp giueose huyet cua cdc con chudt bi tieu dudng type 1, so sdnh vdi Id DC dm va DC dUdng, sU khac biet cd y nghTa thdng ke (P < 0,05). Vdi lidu ud'ng 3 trai, sau 8 tudn cho udng ndng dp giueose trung binh gidm 40,08% so vdi ban ddu, cd tdc ddng td't hdn iieu 1 trdi eh? gidm 29,24% vd 2 trdi ch? gidm 29,95% so vdi ban ddu. Tuy nhien, d 3 lidu nay, phdi sau tuan thU ndm mdi iam gidm ndng dd dUdng huydt. Lidu udng 4 trdi cd tde dyng ha dudng huyet vao 5 tuan ddu tUPng dd'i tdt nhung sau dd ndng dd giueose huyet van tUdng dUdng, khdng gidm di. 6 Id DC dm cung thd'y cd hien tUdng gidm ndng dp glucose huyet (cu thd vao tuan thd 6 gidm 23,55%) va sau dd i^i tang len rat cao, nhung khdng cd y nghTa thdng kd (bdng 4). NhOng kdt qud trdn cho thay dich chiet ddu bdp cd tac dgng dieu hod dudng huyet d nhijing con chudt bi tieu dUdng type 1.
3.4. Khao sat anh hudng cua djch chiit dau bap len SI/ diiu hda dudng huyit d chugt tieu dudng type 2
TUdng tu nhU thi nghidm tren, chupt tieu dudng type 2 cd ndng dp dudng huyet eao gay bang STZ iidu cao ket hpp vdi NA dUdc cho ud'ng 0,2 ml djch chiet nUde ddu bap lidu ngdm 1, 2, 3 vd 4 trai/300 mi mdi ngdy iien tye trong 37 ngay, chung tdi thu dupc ket qud d bdng 5.
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qua cac tuin cho udng dich chiit diu bip
Bing 5' ndng dd glucose huyit cua chudt nhat trang qua cic ngiy cho udng dich chiet diu bip
Kdt qua nghien cu'u trinh bdy 6 bdng 5 cho thd'y, ndng dd dudng huyd't cCia ehudt d id DC dUdng ed
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g i d m d n djnh s a u 37 ngay c h o u d n g M e t f o r m i n ; n g a y 30 g i d m m ^ n h ( 2 , 4 7 % ) so vdi n g d y 0, n h u n g t u n g d y 30 d d n 37 ehf s d ndy hdu nhU k h d n g thay ddi (ChT e h d n h iech c d 0 , 0 6 % ) . N g u p e l^ii, c h u d t d Id D C d m ed n d n g dp d u d n g h u y d t t d n g d d n t d n g d y 0 t r d d i ; t d n g m g n h 6 n g d y 30 (tdng 7 , 2 5 % so vdi n g d y 0 v d t d n g 3 , 5 1 % so vdi ngdy 14) n h u n g lgi g i d m 6 ngdy 3 7 , m d c du c o n s d ndy v d n c a o h d n 2 . 6 8 % so vdi ngdy 0. T r o n g khi 66 6 lidu u d n g 1 t r a i , c h l s d d u d n g huyet g i d m dupe 0 , 3 5 % so vdi D C dUdng. 6 lidu u d n g 2 t r d i , n d n g d d d u d n g h u y d t g i d m rd rdt s a u 37 n g d y u d n g - g i d m 2 , 0 1 % so vdi D C dUdng. Lidu u d n g 3 trdi, n d n g d d dUdng huyd't igi t d n g ddn tii n g d y 0 dd'n n g a y 37 so vdi D C a m (tdng la 1,89%). Cud'i c u n g d lieu 4 trdi, d u d n g h u y d t t d n g m g n h vdi 4 , 0 3 % v d c d y nghTa t h d n g kd s o vdi D C d m . Q u a d d e h o thay, d j c h chiet d d u b d p 6 td't c d cde lidu u d n g hdu n h u k h d n g c d k h d n d n g d i d u h d a n d n g dp dUdng huyet 6 c h u d t bj tieu d u d n g type 2.
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Q u a trinh thCr n g h i e m d u n g dich chiet nUde d d u b d p 6 cdc lieu n g d m 1 , 2 , 3 v a 4 trai c h o c h u d t binh t h u d n g , c h u d t thUa c d n , c h u p t tidu d u d n g type 1 v d c h u d t tieu d u d n g type 2 c h o thd'y, d j c h chidt n u d c ddu bap ed tdc d y n g d i d u h d a d u d n g h u y d t t r o n g cP t h d e h u d t 6 p h a m vi nhdt d j n h .
6 t h i n g h i e m c h u d t binh t h u d n g , d i c h chiet nUdc d a u b d p vdi lidu 3 trdi m d i n g d y se c d tdc d y n g h g d u d n g huydt s a u 2-3 t u a n ud'ng (gidm 1 1 , 4 % ) v d n e u u d n g lidn t y e s a u 5 t u d n se g i d m d d n 2 6 , 1 6 % tuy c h d m n h u n g k h d d n d j n h .
Thf n g h i d m ddi vdi c h u d t thUa c a n , djch chid't nUdc d a u b d p e d tde d y n g h g dUdng h u y d t v d g i d m ean vdi mUe d d n h p . V d i lieu 3 trdi d d u b d p m d i n g d y , u d n g lidn t y e t r o n g 8 t u a n g i u p hg dUdng h u y d t eao nhd't, tv- Id g l u c o s e h u y d t g i d m d e n 3 8 , 8 6 % , d d n g t h d i g i u p g i d m khdi lupng 1 5 , 3 % .
6 thf n g h i e m c h u p t tieu d u d n g t y p e 1 , vdi lidu u d n g 3 trdi, s a u 5 t u a n ud'ng lien t y e da giup g i d m n d n g dp g i u e o s e v d n g u d n g sinh iy b i n h t h u d n g ( 1 8 0 mg/dl) va u d n g lien t y e 8 t u a n g i u p g i d m g l u c o s e h u y e t c a o nhat t r o n g 4 id thf n g h i e m ( 4 0 , 0 8 % so
vdi ban d d u ) .
N g u p c lgi djch c h i d t d d u b d p d tdt c d cdc lidu u d n g hdu nhU k h d n g ed k h d n d n g d i d u h d a n d n g dd d u d n g h u y d t d c h u p t b\ tidu d u d n g type 2 .
V d i n g h i d n c d u ndy, c h u n g tdi d a bUdc ddu khSng d j n h tdc d y n g e u a d j c h chidt nUdc ddu b4p trdn c h u d t . C h u n g tdi d d nghi c d n n g h i d n cUu sdu t h d m trUde khi c d t h d k h u y d n e d o c h o n g u d i sir d y n g t r o n g trUdng h p p sinh ly c y t h d e u n g nhU tim hidu e d c h d d i d u h d a d u d n g h u y d t t r o n g cP t h d cCia djch chidt n u d c d $ u b ^ p •
Tai lieu tham khao
1. 0 5 Tdt Lpi (2004). Nhang dy thuSc vd vi thudc Viit Nam NXB Y hpc.
2. NguySn Trung Qudn (2009). T^o md hinh tiiu dddng trin chudt nhit trdng vd thii tdc dung ha dudng huyet cua mdt sd chi phim ti/ nhidn, Lu&n van thgc sT, TrLfdng Dai hpc khoa hpc id nhiSn, Dgi hQc qu5c gia Hd n^i.
3 Adelakun O.E., Oyelade O.J., Ade-Omowaye B I., Adeyemi I A, S Van de Venter M. (2009). Chemical composition and the antioxidative properties of Nigerian Okra Seed (Abelmoschus esculentus Moench) Flour. Food Chem Toxicol. 47(6), 1123-1126.
4. Dibyajyoti Saha, Bindu, Jain & Vibhor K J.
(2011). Phytochemica! evaluation and characterization of hypoglycemic activity of various extracts of Abelmoschus esculentus fruit. International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences 3(2), 183-185.
5. Indah. Mohd Amin (2011), Hypoglyclemic effects in response to Abeimoshus Esculentus treatment: A Research Framework using STZ-lnduced diabetic rats International Journal of Bioscience. Biochemistry and Bioinformatics, f(l), 63-67.
6. Uraku A.J., Ajah P.M., Okaka A.N.C, Ibiam U.A&
Onu P.N. (2010). Effects of crude extracts of Abelmoschus esculentus on albumin and total bilirubin of diabetic albino rats. International Journal of Science and Nature, f ( l ) , 38- 41.
8« I K H O A H O C =« "^-3 8.2012
