Tap chi sd 17, ihang 4-2016. trudng Dai hpc Tay Nguyen ISSN 1859-4611
D A U A N V A N H O C D A N GIAN' T R O N G T H O C A V I E T N A M G I A I D O A N 1 9 4 5 - 1 9 7 5
Hoang Lc Anh Ly' Ngay nhan bai: 25/02/2016: Ngav' phan bien lhdng qua; 18/3/2016; Ngay duvet dang: 21/3/2016
TOM T A T
Van hpe dan gian la mdt bd phan trong tien trinh phat triin eiia van hpc Viet Nam. Van hgc dan gian ma dac faiel la ca dao dan ca da van dung mgi kha nang cua ngdn ngu d l bilu hien mdt each chinh xae, tinh te cudc sdng va hon the nua phan anh mdl each sinh dpng va ddy hinh tugng nhifng nguyen vpng ciia nhan dan lao ddng. Bdi vay van hpc dan gian da Ird thanh cpi ngudn ciia su s i n g tao, la mgch nudc nggt am i khdng ngimg trong tho ca Viet Nam. Dac biet trong thdi ki khang chiln do yeu cdu v l tinh dai chiing nen tho ca phai la tieng ndi trong sang, binh dj va chan thyc nhdt ciia qudn chiing khang chiln.
Xu huong nay da dua tha quay ve ke tue van hgc dan gian, tir Ihl tho den cdu Iu. hinh anh, ngdn ngir, den the tai dan tpc va dan gian chilm uu the. Vay nen van hgc dan gian khdng nhirng trd thanh thi &k, thi lieu eho cac nha tho thdi ki khang ehien ma nd cdn la cam hiing sana tao trong tho ca Vipt Nam thdi ki khang chiln ( 1 9 4 5 - 1 9 7 5 ) .
Tir khoa: vdn hgc ddn gtan. tho ca vtet nam. hinh dnh vdn hgc ddn gtan cho iha ca I. DAT VAN DE
Thdi ki 1945 - 1975 vdi doi tuong tilp nhan mdl la dai da sd quan chiing cdng ndng binh, cpng vdi muc dich va nhiem vu mdi ciia sang lao van chuong da lam nen mdt budc ngoat mdi trong quan niem sang lac tho van eiia cac tac gia. Rdt nhilu cac nha tho dua tha gdn gili vdi ldi an lilng ndi eua nhan dan, Nha iha Xuan Dieu ciing da lirng noi- "Mdt den sau cdch mang lhdng Tdm. vao khdng chien. ldi m<yt hiit hgc tdp ca dao... Phdi trat qua mot qud trinh qudn chiing hoa. moi biil Ihdm thia cdijiep ddn gian. cdi hay ca dao '* [8, tr.l39]. Nguyen Duy cung ty nhan xel v l tha ciia minh: " Nom na nhu ca dao. thdy que que thi ndo"
[1, tr.65]. Tho ca khang chiln mang dam ddu dn van hpe dan gian la bdi sue hiit cua ve dep nguyen so, hfln nhien cua tam hdn eon ngudi trong van hpc dan gian phu hgp vdi quan mem thdm mT ciia cac nha tho la lam sao de iho minh "gdn bd vdi nhdn ddn. gdn y&i ngdn ngu nhd que. Id tting not hdn nhicn nhdt" | i , tr64] Hon nUa van hpe dan gian va van hoc viet vira song hanh nhau, vira noi "lilp nhau, nen van hge sau tdt yiu phai k l thira va lilp thu linh hoa ciia nin van hoc trude. O day ehiing tdi \iii de cap su anh hirong ciia van hpc dan gian dcn tho ea khang chien d mpt so phuang dien nhu:
Ngudn cam himg, de lai, va sir dung ngif lieu ciia van hpc dan gian nhuea dao dan ca. thanh ngu. luc ngir. Iruyen cfl lich. truyin thuylt, thdn ihoai.
2. NQI DUNG 2.1. Nguon cant hung
Mpi hien lutmg thi ca diu chua dyng yiu id
cam hirng hay ndi each khac dd chinh la cam xiic tham mT. Dd chinh la trang thai rung cam ciia con ngudi trudc cac dn tugng thdm mT. Cam xue la yiu Id khdng the thilu dugc ddi vdi ehii the sang tao, bdi thieu nd thi tac pham se rdt ngheo nan, thilu sire sdng Dang Van Dang tirng ndi rdng. "Tho bdc hgc cung cd cdi hay. cdi caa sieu cua tho hdc hgc. nhinig ca dao ddn ca. ve ddn gian vdn ctr co gid In dgc lap ciia no. nd chdng nn miiu, no thd rap thi Igi co ve dep cua str thd rap ay hdi vl ben trong no lgi dn chtra nhCmg triit li rdi sdu sdc " [4, tr.24] Tho ca khang chien hpc tap ca dao d cai ve san sili thd rap dy. Bdi doi tupng lilp nhan la dai da sd qudn chiing cdng ndng binh nen cae nha tho eung chil Iruong ngdn ngCf Iho mdc mac, d l hilu, de nhd, tham ehi la hdn nhien, rdt Ihuc t l va rdt
•'ndng dan". Chdng han nha tho Biit Tre cd nhiing cau tho mieu ta ve B a c
Okia Bdc dSn kta rdt
Qudn ndu do vdi nhu ngudi ndng ddn Vdn doi mdl sdng ti-ong ngdn Pho pho mdi loc dd ddn mdu da Y tha duoc lay tir cam hung dan gian:
Sdng Hong do qtiach phii su Dn thi do vdy thua da Bdc 116
Vdi nha tho Bin Tre dan gian hda tha ca da trd thanh mpi chii iruong cua dng, ih^m chi khi dang cd xu hudnghien dai hda tho ca ihi iha dug \ln giCf nguyen loi ndm na kieu hd vc, giu nguyen cai hdn nude, cai ban sac van hda dan tpc:
/ /V;.S'. Khoa .Su Pham. Tnrong Dgi hoc Tdy Nguven
Tac gui hi-n he Hodng Le Anh Ly. DT 0915807027, Emad: anhlydlnCdvahoac
Tap chi sd 17. thang 4-2016, Irudng Dai hpe Tay Nguyen ISSN 1859-4611 The su lhdng irdm qudn mac vdn
Cdy da hen cu vdn ngdi nguyen Ong ludn mudn mpi ngudi dan Viet Nam lam tha ea hd ve de ty sang tao va hudng thy gidng nhu cha dng ta ngaj' xua di hat diim, hat phudng vai.
hat quan hp, hat xoan, hat gheo. Cai sinh hoai van hda linh than ay cung da timg thang hoa trong hai eupc khang chien chdng Phap va My. Bd dpi dan cdng hanh quan ddi, met, ret nhung van hd hat
Trdi intra trot do uot qudn (ho lo hd la) Nhung khdng irol dtroc linh than chimg ta (Ndy ho la hd lo! Ho len cho doi linh ta luai a lahdla)
Bo ddi md gap ddn cdng Nhu cd gap mrdc nhu rdng gap mdy (Ndy ho la ho lol Ho len cho doi chimg ta luoi a la hd lo)
Va cd Ie dd cimg la cam hung ciia nha tho Td Hifu khi khi viet bai Hoan hd chien sT Dien Bien - dugc eoi la hd keo phao ciia khang ehien chdng Phap:
Doc Pha Dm. chi gdnh anh ihd Deo Lung Lo. anh hd chi hdi Dil bom dan .xirang lan thil ndi Kfidng sdn long, khdng ttic tudi xanh
(Hoan hd ehien sT Dien Bien) Tho thdi ki khang ehien khdng ehi lay cam hung tir ca dao dan ea ma cac the loai van hge dan gian tu sy cung thanh ngudn cam hung cho eac nha tho Hd Chi Minh da lirng viet "Ire em nhu blip tren canh" - hinh Iuong tho ham chua bill bao hi vpng tin yeu d the he tuong lai, Vdi cam hung tir nhifng cau truyen cd, md dau bai tho Chuven co lich lodi ngudi Xuan Quynh vilt:
Troi sinh ra trtrdc nhdl Cht lodn Id tre con
Cach li giai ciia Xuan Quynh goi ta nhd din nhung each giai thich ve nguon gdc su hinh thanh ciia vu iru irong nhung cau chuyen thdn thoai 'Tren trdi ddt irui trdn Khong ddng cdy nggn cd. Mdl irdi cung chtra cd Chi lodn Id bong dem Khdng khi chi mdu den Chua co mdu sdc khde "
NghTa la tat ca la budc khdi ddu, tdi ca la con so khdng. Va\ ma da cd tre con? Cach ndi nay that la phi li vi mpi ngudi deu bilt gidi tu nhien c6 trudc.
sinh \ a t va con ngudi cd sau. Sir dung each ndi ngugc trong dan gtan ".Sinh con rdt moi stnh cha .Stnh chdu giir nhd rdt mdi sinh dng " hoac: "Hiim ndm cho lgn him ldng Mgt chuc qua hSng nudl ldo tdm mtnri. Ndm xdi nudl ire len mudi Con gd be ru(m nudl ngudi lao dao " nen y tha cua tac gia
van phil hgp va cung dat dugc tu tudng chit dk ciia lae pham: Tre em la trung tam ciia cudc sdng.
2.2. De tdi
T h a ea khang chien cd sir md rpng da dang phong phli ve de tai dap ung nhu cdu phan anh hien thyc khang chien va hudng den ddi sons cdng ndng binh. Cac nha tho thupc nhieu thl he da nd luc tim kiem, the nghiem de md rgng va tang cudng kha nang chiem ITnh ddi sdng sang tao nghe Ihuat ciia Iho. Nhirng lim tdi ciia eac tac gia cd nhung hudng khac nhau, cd nha tho tim din phucmg phap sang lac hien dai hda cd nhifng nha tho lai lim ve vdi nhung gia trj truyin thdng cita dan lpc tir the tho cho den the lai trong dd cac nha tha Ihdi ki khang ehien tim den vdi nhirng d l tai Irong ca dao dan ca khdng hiem, tieu bilu ed thl ke den nhung nha tho nhu Hoang Trung Thdng.
Nguyen Duy, Chl Lan Vien, Td Hiru,., Tir mdt de tai trong ca dao, cd gai di tham liia nhd ehdng lai la mdt de tai cua tha ca khang chiln sau 1945. Tran Hifu Thung da tirng tam su v l duyen caciia minh vdi de tai Iren n h u t h i n a y Mpt budi chieu dep tdi thay mdt ngudi dimg giifa canh ddng liia dang do trd. Canh dd ggi lai va trd thanh mdt de tai cu the Thdm lua nhd chdng. SddTnd trd thimh mdt phan de lai cu thl la nhd su sdng da ndi len mgl phan ma mot phan nira cung quan trpng la nhung van de. nhifng canh lien chdng ra mat Iran tu xua cung den vdi tdi qua nhiing cau ca dao. qua truyen. qua Chmh phu ngam:
Anh linh nguyen ra di Chien chien cao cimg hot Liia cung vira sdm hot Etn lien anh len dirong
(Tham Liia) Tham Ilia nhd chdng Nhd chflng trong cflng viee iao dpng. ma lao ddng san xudi Idc nay cung la tham gia khang chien.
Em nhd rugng nhd virdn Khong nhd anh rdng dtroc
Lich sir dan tge la da trai qua bilt bao nhieu cudc chien ma chien tranh la mdt mat va dau thuong va ciing tir dd biet bao eupc tien dua. bao ngudi vo d nha nhd chdng trdng dpi chd mdn mdi:
Sdng trot chdng inoi lap btnh Em ngdi vd vo mgt minh em lo Rugng ntrang khdng at cdy cho Trdu bo gd lan em lo dirang ndo Rudng nguai cdy cdy lao xao Rudng em hd co moc cao ngodi ddng
(Ca dao) 1 0 3
Tap ehi sd 17, thang 4-2016, trudng Dai hoe Tay Nguyen ISSN 1859-461 Bai tha mang am hudng rd ret ciia dieu hat
dam Nghe TTnh. Dd la sd Irudng nhung cung la y thue nghe thuat ciia nha tha: Viet sao cho de phd bien, nen nghT den hinh thirc dan tdc cd san quen thugc nhu ca dao, hat dam... Cung ta de tai nhd chdng ciia nhifng ngudi phy nir cd ehdng di ehien Iran nhung bai Iho khdng mang mau sac bi liiy bdi niem lin eiia nhirng ngudi phu nif trong cudc chien tranh giif nudc, mdt tam hdn lac quan dii cd trai qua dan bom hoae chia ly each trd. Bai tho Con CO cua Che Lan Vien ciing vay, con cd khdng gian don la muon chai lieu ca dao bdi con ed cdn la bieu Iugng eiia ngudi ndng dan Viel Nam, ngudi phy nil Viet Nam trong cugc sdng lam lu, nhgc nhan nhung giau ldng nhan ai va diic hi sinh'
Con CO dn dem.
Con cd xa to, Cd gdp cdnh mem.
Cd sg xdo mdng .
(Con cd) Ldi tha goi cho ta nhd den nhung bai ea dao noi ve than phan ngudi phu nir xua:
Con cd md di dn dem
Dgu phai cdnh mem Ion cd xuong ao Con cd cdn chinh la bieu hien cua tinh me, idng me ldn lao sau nang, ca cudc ddi hit Idng vi eon:
Nguyen' Nguyen! Cd ai. cha sg!
Cdnh CO ment, me da sc'in tay ndng' (Con CO) Nha tha da van dung ca dao mdt each sang Iao de goi ra y nghTa bleu tupng cua hinh anh eon ed mang y nghTa bieu tugng cho long me, hien than cho ngudi me ve sy chd che, diu ddt, nang dd. bao dung, vira dm dang vira ben bi cita ngudi me hiln vdi con. Viec sir dyng nhifng de tai Irong ca dao dan ca da dem lai cho tho khang chiln mpt ve dep mdc mac, khde manh nhung eung rdi ddi binh di than Ihuang. Nhimg van tho nay da dem din mpt ddi sdng tinh than gian di va dam da tinh cam que huong. Dd cfing chinh la sy thanh cdng cua cac nha Iho khi dua tho minh kc luc mach van hda dan gian truyen thong.
2.3. Sir dung ngu lieu Irong vtin hge ddn gian Tha 1 9 4 5 - 1975 tim din nhung chdl lieu giau hien thuc trong ddi sdng chien ddu va san xudt cua quan ehiing cflng ndng binh nhu nhifng su kien chinh tn. quan su, nhifng tam guang eao dep.
cung \ d i do cac nha tho ciing lim din ehdt lieu Irong van hoc dan gian nhu thanh ngir tue ngir.
ca dao dan ca cho den the loai ly su dan gian nhu LO lich, Ihan ihoai. Irujln ihuvll Nha iho Xuan Dieu cung da timg ndi ".Mat den sau cdch mgng
thdng Tdm. vdo khdng chiin. ldi mot biet hgc tap ca dao. Phdi irdi qua mgt qud trinh qudn chiing haa, mai biet thdm thia cdi dep ddn gian. cdi hay c a r f a o ' " [ 8 , t r . l 3 9 ] :
Viec sir dung nhirng thanh ngO va Iuc ngtt tho ca each mfmg trd nen gan giii vdi quan ehiing nhan dan hon. Chang han nhu cam hirng luc ngii- thanh ngir trong Tre Fiii Nam ciia Nguyen Duy,- Bda biing thdn bpc lay than/Toy dm lay niu Ire gdn nhau them... La cam hirng tir ihanh ngif: Ld ldnh diim Id rach, chi ngd em ndng. KJidng sir dyng y nhu Nguyen Duy, nha tho To Hifu thudng dua nguyen cau thanh ngif vao cau tho luc bat ciia minh khdng mdt chiit gugng ep tao cho eau tho tinh ehan thyc, trir tinh va giau sue ihuyet phuc.
Thanh ngif: Gtrang va lgi ldnh. tho lyc bat To Hiru, Dai la girong vo Igi Idnli/Cdy khd cdy Igi dam chdi no hoa. Thanh ngif: Tire nuac va bo. tho Iuc bat Td Hifu. Chem cha cdi lU giac gid/Ddn ta lire nuoc vo to roi day. Thanh ngif; Trdm nui ngan khe. tho Iuc bai Td Hifu: Con di a-ain ntii ngdn khe/ Chua bdng mudn noi ldi te long Bdm. Thanh ngif; Chel dt song lgi. Iho Iuc bat Td Hifu: Dgn bom. bdo lui ca hdn/ Chel di sdng Igi. hit tdn lgi luoi Thanh ngCf: Ddng cay ngot bid. tho Iuc bat Td Huu; Ta di ta nha nhtmg ngdy/Minh ddv la do ddng cay nggi bid...
Cd the ndi viee van dung ngu lieu van hpc dan gian trong tho khang chien dugc thl hien sinh ddng va tap trung nhat d ca dao. Khi dua ea dao vao tho, cac tac gia thudng sir dyng y, hoae dua nguyen ven mdt vai cau ca dao vao tho, nhung dung chd, jipp vdi y tudng. Doc tho Nguyin Duy ta nh\s"bdl gap mgt the gtdi ca dao sinh dgng, phdp phdng lain nen cha liing ddn dgc huyin ddy sdng igo cua hdn tho ihi s7"[\, tr.l 19]. Ca dao xuat hjen rat nhieu trong nhffng bai tho Iuc bat cita Nguyen Duy. Nhilu cau ea dao nguyen ven hoac khdng nguyen vpn lln vao tho ciia ong, hda nhap mdl each hgp li, iham chi niu ngudi dgc khflng Ihudc nhiing cau ca dao thi khd phan biel dupc dau la nhung chd ma Nguyen Duy "tap" lai ca dao. Rat nhieu bai tha cita Nguyen Duy mang hai hudng ca dao nhu: Tre Viet Nam. Ve Idng, Dan ai, Ngoi hudn nhd me la xira. Dtrgc yen nhu the ca t/c/r;... Nguyen Duy thudng cd nhifng each s u d u n g ca dao trong tho cita minh nhu la dua ea dao vao nhifng cau cudi de nhan manh:
Nhin ve que me xa .xdm Ldng la - chd trai me ndm dem mira Ngoi budn nhd me ta xtra Mieng nhai com hung hroi lira cd .xinnig
(Ngdi budn n h d m c la xuai
Tap ehi so 17. thang 4-2016. trudng Dai hge Tay Ngux en ISSN 1859-4611 Giong dieu va ngdn ngif ca dao tao nen tieng
ndi dam iham. ihilt tha hdn nhien, than thiel gan gui nhuna eiing ma hd xa .xam Sir dung hinh anh ngudi me trong ca dao vao viec xay dyng nhan vat trif tinh trong tho ga> an tupng dam n e t ngudi me trong tam ihuc cua nha tha hien ve gay duge dp am vang trong tam kham ddc gia vira the hien dupc tinh thuong da diel ddi vdi me ciia lae gia.
Trong bai Dugc yeu nhir thi ca dao. lac gia eiJng dua nguyen hai eau ea dao vao Iho nhung van giif dugc net ly nhien duyen dang,
Diroc yen nhu the ca dao Du phd phae ddt du lao dao dai Tdy tdu thi cUng the thdi Y chang cay ddng nggt biii khd dau Khong Irdu md cUng chdng cau Ldm sao cho thdm mdi nhau thi Idm
(Duoc yeu nhu the ca dao) Hai eau cufli la ca dao. ca doan tho mang am hudng ca dao vira bdc Id suy nghT. khat khao ciia nha tha vira Idt ta dugc tinh yeu chan tinh, phdng khoang nhung cung rat manh licl.
Cting ed khi ca dao duoc dat chen vao giua bai tho lam diem khdi phat eho mach tha tiep iheo:
Me la khdng co yem ddo Ndn me thay non qua! thao dot ddu Rdt ren tay bi tay bdu
Vdy nhupm hiin do nhudm ndu bdn miia Mach cam xiic den day cd the dimg lai nhung th|t bat ngd, nha tho lai chen ca dao vao. mach tha iai dupc khdi phal rat tu nhien
Cdi cd. sung chdt. ddo chua Cdu ca me hdi gio dua ve trdi Me ru cdi le tren dot
Sira nudt phdn xdc. hdt nudt phdn hdn...
{Ngdi budn nhd me ta xua) Td Hifu ciing thudng dua ca dao vao giifa bai tho mpt each ty nhien nhu quan mem ciia chinh nha tho "loi thdy hinh nhu tho la tteng not hdn nhien nhdl cua tdm hdn con ngirai trudc cudc dot.
trudc ldt cd nhirng gi dten ra xung quanh minh. Id tieng ndi cua tdm hon con ngirdi truac con ngirai vdudiddryX. lr.541
Chung HI con mdl cha. nhd mgl nde Thtt vcri xuang. ttm dc dinh liin Dil ai ndi nga ndi nghieng Long ta vdn vinig nhu kiing ba chdn Dil gi rdo dgu ngdn idng Ldng ta van vihig Id ddn cu Hd
(Ta di tdi)
Hoac ed khi nha tho dimg ca dao lam diem khdi phat \ i du nhu Irong cac bai tho; Loi ru co hien. Loi ru ddng ndt: Ldi ru trong bdo. Tap ru con.. Mo! khiic ru nav deu khoi phat tu am hudng ca dao:
Ru rdng. cdi ngii con ngoan Tren trdi todn niroc mdt Iran dong chiem
(Ldi ru trong bao) Nguyen Khoa Diem lai sir dung ngif lieu ctia ca dao mdt each het sire tu nhien trong khai nicm ve dat nudc Dat nudc la noi tinh yeu bat dau hinh thanh \ a ldn len. Doc eau tho eiia tac gia
Ddt niroc Id not ta hd hen
Ddi nirdc Id noi em ddnh rai chiec khdn Irong ndi nhcr thdm...
(Dat nudc) Han chiing ta se nhd den bai ea dao ve ndi nhd ciia ngudi con gai khi yeu
Khdn thirong nhd ai Khdn rat xudng ddt Khdn thircnig nlur ai Khdn vdl len vcu...
Hay tinh nghia vo chdng:
Muoi ba nam muoi dang con man Gtnig chin lhdng. gimg hay con cay Dot la nghia ndng linh ddy
Co va nhau ch nua thi ha vgn .•.dii ngdn ngdy indl xa
Trong cau tho.
TcK me ihi bdt sau ddu
Cha tne ihuong nhau hdng gimg cay mudt mdn (Dat nudc) Cac nha iho khang chien thudng hudng tdi chai lieu tham niT dem lai cho ngudi ta cam giac em dem bdi su gan giii va dan da ciia nd. Ca dao ihudng ngan gpn siic tich, eae motif Irong ca dao gay an tugng manh va cd dinh hudng tinh cam vi vay viec su dung ea dao hoac cac motif ca dao phai hgp li va hnh hoat. Va khi su dung thanh cflng se tao them ngudn mach mdi cho tha cung nhu giiip cho hien thyc ddi sdng va lu tudng tinh cam cua nha tho dugc bdc Id mdt each sau sac.
Tha ca ihdi ki khang ehien khdng chi chiu anh huflng cua van hgc dan d the loai ea dao dan ca la nhung sang tac trif tinh ma con chiu anh hudng manh me the loai tu su ciia van hoc dan gian nhu tru>en cfl tich. than thoat, thuyen thuyet, su ihi Rdt nhilu hinh Iupng eiia nhirng tae pham tu su van hoe dan gian la ngudn earn himg la thi lieu eua
Tap chi sd 17. lhdng 4-2016. trudng Dai hoc Tay Nauve
ISSN 1859-4611 nhieu nha tho each mang nhu Td Hifu. Nguyin
Khoa Diem, Lam Thi MT Da... Cd le nhifng hinh mau trong nhifng the loai tu sy cita van hoc dan gian vua la tinh hoa la iruyen thong dan tdc, vua la bieu tugng loan ven ve gia ui chan thien mT. la udc mo, la khat vong, tinh than nhan van, la hinh mau li tudng ciia eha dng la tir ngan ddi xua. Va la mpt phan hdn ciia dat nude hda than nhu Nguyin Khoa Diem da tirng ndi:
De Dot Nudc ndy la Dal Niroc nhdn ddn Dat Ntrdc ctia nhdn ddn. Ddt Ntrdc ciia ca dao thdn thoai
(Dat nudc)
^\nh Ti^hia ddt nirac Id cua ca dao. than ihogi . cho nen nha tha da dua vao Iho minh hinh lupna Lac Long Quan va Au Co de tu hao v l ngudn goe cao qui va thieng ciia dan lde Viet Nam- "
Dal la noi chim vi Ntrdc la not rdng o Lac Long Ouan vd Au Co De ra ddng bdo la trong bgc tnhig
(Dat nude) Trong thdi khde ddt nude bj chia ddi xe nira, eau chuyen thdn thoai nay nhu la mdt idi khdng dmh ve linh than doan kit. y nguyen lhdng nhdl cac dan toe tren mgi miln ddt nudc.
Nha tho cung khdng quen nhdc nhd cd ddt nudc tuoi dep hdm nay ia su danh ddi hi sinh ciia nhifng ngudi va, ngudi chflng, ngudi eon....
NInntg ngtroi va nha chdng cdn gdp cho Ddt Ntrdc nhirng hon vong phu
Cdp vo chdng yeu nhau gdp nen hdn Trdng Mat Got ngira Thdnh Gidng di cpia con tram ao ddm de lai
Chin muoi chin con vot gdp minh dinig ddt to Himg Virong
(Ddt nude) Ro rang dua ngif lieu eua van hpe dan gian vao Iha da lao ra mflt an tuong manh me, nhung ciing ral gan giii than thuang khi chimg la dinh nghTa ve Dat Nudc Dat Nude khdng phai la cai gi dd to tat ma dd la mau xuang, la imh yeu, la nhifng con nguoi anh hiing ten tudi va ca nhifng con ngudi vo danh lang le gdp minh lam nen Ddt Nudc.
Hinh tuong eau be anh himg trona thdn thoai Thaiih Gidng mdl Ian nifa tro lai trong Td guSc hao gia dep the ndy chdng' Ciia Che Lan Vien;
Mdl chli be deu ndm mo ngira sdi Mdl con sdng diu mudn hoa Bach Ddng
Che Lan Vien khdng quen khoi day nilni ty h a o , y Idn dan tpc bdng cac t m y l n ihuyll v l thdi kl xay dyng va bao ve ddt nudc ciia eha dng ta ngay xua:
Khi Nguyen Trdi Idm tho vd ddnh gicic Nguyen Du viii Kiiu. ddt mrdc hda ihdnh vdn Khi Nguyien Hue cirdi voi vdo cira Bdc Hiatg Dao Vuong diet qudn nguven tren sdng Bgch Ddng ,
(Td qudc bao gid dep Uil nay chang?) Tif mdl nha tho ctia cdi sieu hinh. chi tim thdy cai dep Irong nhifng dilu ki di. phi thudng din mdt nha Iho "an hat gao eua nhan dan" va nha tha ''hpc eay" la mpi qua trinh lot xac khdng kem phdn ddn dau ctia nha tho. Cai dep nay la nhifng cai binh Ihudng, gian di va gdn giii vdi qudn ehiing nhdt Dung chat lieu lir van hgc dan gian Iam cho tinh cam yeu nudc cita tac gia them dugc cdng hudng tao ra mot sire cudn hitt ki la doi vdi ddc gia. Viee su dung ngif lieu tir van hpe dan gian cho thdy c i c lae gia t h a thdi ki khang ehiln phai la ngudi cd nipt vdn hilu bilt v l kho tang van hgc dan gian ddng thdi cd kha nang khai quat d l van dung thanh cdng Irong tho ciia minh.
3. K E T LUAN
Tha khang chien khdng chi la sy kit linh cua cudc sdng va eon ngudi khang chiln ma cdn la lieng ndi trong^ sang va gian di ciia nhan dan.
Khdng phai ngau nhien ma tren eon dudng ho^t dpng each mang, cac chiln sT each mang - dit nhieu khdng chuyen lam tho da sang tac nhung van tho bat hit, Thdi ki nay tha ca la ngudi ban tam linh qui bau nhdt ciia tam hdn qudn chimg. mpt ang tho ldi le cdu ki khd hilu nhdt dinh tae dung se bi han ehe, Nen nhimg bai tho khang chiln da so la Idi ndi hdng ngay, each ndi binh thudng di thang vao long ngudi dgc. Nhung khflng phai vi the ma tho khang chiln trd nen khd khan va cung nhac, von dT ldi an lilng ndi cua nhan dan ta rit giau chat nhac, va cung giau tinh trill li va ed dpng ham site bang chung cy t h l la nhifng lan dieu ca dao dan ca tru tinh hay la ihanh ngif, lyc ngif. Vay, viec sir dung chdt lieu ciia van hoc diin gian trong Iho khang chien khdng don thuan ehi la mdl sy k l Ihira hay anh huflng ma cdn la su gap gd iuong dong bdi Iho khang chiln hay van hpc ddn gian deu ndi duac lilng ndi lhdng ihudng cita qudn ehiing nhan dan
• Tap chi sd 17. thang 4-2016. mrdng Dai hpc Tay Nguyen ISSN 1859-4611 FEATURES OF FOLK LITERATURE IN POETICS OF VIET NAM
FROM 1945 TO 1975
Hoang LeAnh Ly' Received Date 25/02/2016; Revised Date: 18/3./2016: Accepted for Publication. 21/3/2016
SUMMARY
Folklore is a part oflhe evolution of literature Vietnam. Folklore, especially folk have applied all possibilities of language to express accurately, exquisite life and beyond reflect a lively and full of aspirations image of v\'orking people. Thus folklore has become a source of creativitj', fresh water circuit is conslanlly smoldering in Vietnam poetry. Especially during the war due to the requirement of public poetic voice is clear, simple and mosl authentic. This trend has brought poetry back national tradition successor especially folklore circuit, from poetry to configure quarterfinals, images, language, to be ethnic and folk resources prevailed. So folklore not only become subject exam, exam materials for Ihe period of war poets, but also inspiration in poetry Vietnam war period (1945-1975).
Keyivords: folklore: period Poetry Vietnam: images of folklore for poetry
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Corresponding Hoang Le Anh Ly, Cellphone 0915807027. Email anhlydtn'ayahoo com
