Tap chl so 32, thang 10-2018, trUdng Dai hpc Tay Nguyen ISSN 1859-4611 NGHIEN CUU XAC DINH MAT D p TRONG BA GIONG KHOAI TAY P 0 3 ,
ATLANTIC VA TK96.1 TAI THANH PHO DA LAT, T I N H LAM DONG Nguyen Van Minh', Truong Bao Dirong^
Ngay nhan bai: 01/9/2018, Ngay phan bien thdng qua: 15/9/2018; Ngay duyet dang: 30/9/2018 TOM TAT
Muc dich ciia nghien eim nay la xac dinh duge mat dp trdng ba gidng khoai tay P03. Atlantic va TK96.1 tai thanh phd Da Lat, tinh Lam Ddng vu He Thu nam 2017. Ket qua nghien ciru da xac djnh duge d mat dp trdng M1 (57.100 cii gidng/ha) gidng khoai tay TK96.1 cho nang suat thue thu cao nh^l dat 26,99 tan/ha; d mat dd M2 (50.000 cu gidng/ha) gidng khoai tay P03 cho nang suSt thuc thu cao nhat dat 28,32 tan/ha va d mat dp M3 (44.440 cii gidng/ha) gidng khoai tay Atlantic cho nang suat thuc thu cao nhat dat 23,22 tan/ha. Day ciing la cac gidng khoai tay chii luc vdi mat dp trdng nhu tren duoc de nghi san xuat chinh cho viing sinh thai d Da Lat ndi rieng va tinh Lam Dong ndi chung.
Tir khoa: gidng khoai tdy P03. Atlantic. TK96.1, mdt do trdng, Dd Lgt, Ldm Ddng l . M d D A U
Cay khoai tay (Solanum tuberosum L.) la loai cay thuc pham cd gia tri dinh duong cao, trong khoai tay cd chira nhieu tinh bdt, vira la thiic an gia sue, vua la nguyen lieu cho che bien cdng nghiep va la mat hang xuit khau cd gia tri kinh tfl cao. Do CO kha nang thich hgp vdi nhieu viing sinh thai, de trdng, thoi gian sinh truong ngan, cho nang suit cao nen khoai tay duge trdng rat phfl bien d cae viing sinh thai khae nhau tren the gidi. Tinh dfln nam 2016, tren thfl gidi cd khoang 144 nude trdng khoai tay vdi tong dien tich la 18,53 trieu ha, nang suat trung binh dat khoang 17,24 tin/ha, tdng san luong dat khoang gin 320 tneu tin (FAQ, 2016).
tam Nghien ciru Khoai tay, Rau va Hoa va mgt so cdng ty sir dung nguyen lieu khoai tay cho chfl bifln edng nghiep (nhu Orion, Pepsico) da diu tu nghien eiiu ehgn tao gidng va phat trien san xuit nguon nguyen lieu khoai tay phuc vu cho chfl h\kn tai Lam Ddrig. Tdng dien tich nam 2017 dat 1.484 ha, nang suat trung binh 23,60 tin/ha, san luong 33.225 tin (Sd NN va PTNT Lam Ddng, 2017).
Thanh phd Da Lat tinh LSm Ddng ed nhieu lgi the ve khi hau, dit dai, thuSn lgi cho phat trifln nhieu loai rau cd gia tri kinh tfl va raang tinh dac tnmg cho dia phuong, trong dd khoai tay la mpt trong nhiing san pham cd huong vi dac frung.
cd chat lugng tdt duoc nguoi tieu diing trong va d Viet Nam, cay khoai tay duge nhap va trdng "goal tinh ua chudng. Thanh phd Da Lat hang nam tiinhimgnam 1890 do ngudi Phap dua vao. Tnrdc ^^dng 810 ha (chiem 55% tdng dien tich eiia ca nam 1970, khoai tay duge trdng rai rac d mdt sd ^'^h)- vdi nang suit trung binh dat tir 21 - 25 tin/
tinh mien mii phia BSc, ddng bing sflng Hdng va ^ san lugng fir 17.000 - 20.000 tin (Nien giam Da Lat - Lam Dong v.v... vdi dien tich khoang thdng ke tinh LSm Dong, 2017). Nhung nang suit 3.000 ha. Nam 1979, dien tich khoai tay d nude ta ^ o a i tay tai thanh pho Da Lat tinh Lam Ddng edn da dat 104.600 ha va la nam dat dinh cao vfl dien
tich ya tdng san lugng vdi nang suit trung binh 7,6 tan/ha, sau do giam din edn khoang 35.000 - 40.000 ha trong nhimg nam gin day, vdi nang suit cii binh quan 1 8 - 2 0 tin/ha (Cue Trong trgt, Bd NN&PTNT, thang 12 nam 2017).
Tai tinh Lam Ddng, khoai tay duge trong tap tmng tai thanh phd Da Lat va cac huyen Dan Duong, Diie Trgng. Ciing vdi sy phat tnfln dot pha trong nganh edng nghiep chfl bifln khoai tay trong nhirng nam trd lai day, do khu vuc nay cd nhiflu lgi thfl vfl dieu kien khi hau, dit dai de cd thfl phat trien san xuit khoai tay quanh nam dat nang CUXl suat chit lugng eao, vi vay tir nam 2004, Trung
thap hon kha nhiflu so vdi tiem nang nang suit ciia khoai tay cd thfl dat duge tuong img vdi lgi the tren. Nguyen nhan ehinh duge xac dmh la do ky thuat canh tac, gidng va mat do trdng chua thich hpp. Vi v?y, viec xac djnh duge mat dd trong cho mdt sd gidng khoai t^y mdi nhim gdp phin nang cao nang suit khoai tay phuc vu an tuoi va che bifln d thanh phd Da Lat tinh Lam Ddng, mdt trong nhirng dia phuang cd Igi thfl rit ldn dfl nang cao nang suat khoai tay so vdi ca nude la yen cau cap thiet
2. NOI DUNG VA PHU'ONG PHAP NGHIEN
/ TS., Khoa Nong Lam, Truang Dgi hgc Tdy Nguven, 2 Sa Nong nghiep vd Phdt iriin nong thon linh Ldm DSng -
Tdc gid lien he- Nguyen Van Minh; DT 0913484315; Email: minhcpdhln(Q
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Tap chi sd 32, thing 10-2018. triJdng Dai hgc Tay Nguyen ISSN 1859-4611 2.L Vdt liiu vd th&i gian nghien cuu
+ Vat lieu: 3 gidng khoai tay:
- Gidng P03: cay sinh trudng manh, cay cao, la xanh dam, la chet nhd - trung binh; hoa mau trang, bao phan mau vang dam; dang cay nira dimg, phan nhanh nhieu; thdi gian sinh trudng 85 - 100 ngay.
Cii cd dang hinh oval trdn, vd man vang, thit eii vang nhat, mat eii ndng, rat phii hgp cho cac cdng doan got vo va thai lat trong cdng nghiep che bien.
Gidng khoai tay P03 cd nang suat, 25 - 35 tin/
ha vdi ham lugng chat khd 22 - 24%. P03 ed kha nang ehdng chiu vdi mgt sd sau benh tdt hem so vdi cac gidng dia phuong, dac biet la kha nang khang virus rat tdt, do dd, cham thoai hoa.
- Gidng Atlantic: thdi gian sinh trudng ngan 85 - 95 ngay; sinh trudng manh dat miie che phii 100% khoang 45-50 ngay sau trdng; dang cay nira diing, nhieu nhanh, la to, man xanh dam, ra hoa sdm, manh, hoa mau phdt tim. Atlantic tao cu sdm, sd lupng cii trung binh (8-9 eu/eay), cii ddng deu, mit cii ndng, cu cd hinh trdn den oval - tron, vd cii mau vang nhat, thit cu man trang. Khi chin dil Atlantic cd ham lugng ehat khd cao. dat 22,5- 23%. Atlantic cd tiera nang nang suat cao (25-35 tan /ha), cd cac dac tinh hinh thai va pham chat cu phil hgp vdi yeu cau ehe bien'cdng nghiep. Trong dieu kien san xuat tai Da Lat, Lam Ddng giong kha man cam vdi benh mde suong (Phytophthora infeitan.^), hien tai gidng dupe cac cdng ty nhu
Pepsico, Orion ... sir dung lam nguyen lieu chinh cho cdng nghiep ehe bien khoai tay.
- Gidng TK96.1' Thdi gian sinh trudng 90 - 100 ngay, cay dang nira diing, hoa man trang, cii dang trdn hoi det, vd mau vang hoi tdi. mat cu nong. mau cu trang. Ham lugng chat khd cao (>20%), tiflm nang nang suat eao 25 - 35 tan/ha, khang mdc suang tdt trong miia khd va kha trong miia mua, cho nang suat cao tuy nhien thdi gian sinh trudng hai dai so vdi rapt sd gidng khac.
+ Thdi gian nghiSn ciiu tir thang 5 den thang 10 nam 2017, tai xa Xuan Thp, thanh phd Da Lat, tinh Lam Ddng.
2.2. Npi dung nghien cuu
- Anh hudng cua mat dp trdng 03 gidng khoai tay PO3, Atlantic, TK96.1 den cac cac yeu td cau thanh nang suat tai thanh phd Da Lat. .
- Anh hudng ciia mat dp trdng 03 gidng khoai tay PO , Atlamic, TK96.1 den mdt sd loai benh hai phd bien tren eay khoai tay tai thanh phd Da Lat.
- Anh huong ciia mat do trdng 03 gidng khoai tay PO3, Atlantic, TK96.1 dfln hieu qua kinh te tai thanh phd Da Lat.
2.3. Phuang phdp bo tri tin nghiem Thi nghiem duge bd tri theo kieu Id chinh phu (Split-plot design), 3 lan lap lai, dien tich d thi nghiera 1 OOra-. Tdng dien tich thi nghiem: 3 gidng X 3 mat do trdng x 3 lan lap lai x lOOm^ = 2.700m-.
Sg do bo tri thi nghiem
Hang Bao vp
Hang bao ve G1M2
GlMl G1M3
G3M1 G3M3 G3M2
G2M2 G2M1 G2M3
G2M1 G2M3 G2M2
G1M2 GlMl G1M3
G3M3 G3M2 G3M1
G3M3 G3M2 G3M1
G2M2 G2M3 G2M1
GlMl G1M3 G1M2 Hang bao ve
Hang Bao vc
+ Lo chinh (yeu to giong):
Giong 1:G1 = P 0 3 Gi6ng 2: G2 = Atlantic
Gi6ng3:G3=TK96.1 + Lo phu (mat dp):
MI = 57.140 cu/ha
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Tap chi so 32. thang 10-2018. trUdng Dai hoc Tay Nguyei ISSN 1859-4611 M2 = 50.000 cii/ha
M3 = 44.440 cu/ha
2.4. Phuffng phdp xu Iy so liiu vd quy chuan dp dung
- Xu ly sfl Heu: Cac so lieu thu thap duge liy trung binh nam 2017 tai dia diflm thi nghiem sau do tdng hgp bang chuang trinh Excel va phan mem xii ly thdng ke chuyen dung Minitab 16.
- Quy trinh ky thuat ap dung va cac chi tiflu theo ddi: Thuc hien theo "Quy chuan ky thuat qude gia ve khao nghiem gia tn canh tac va gia tri su'dung cua gidng khoai tay QCVN 01-59:
2011/BNNPTNT". Mgi yeu ciu thi nghiem duge ap dung dong dflu va thdng nhat toan thi nghiem ngoai tni yeu mat dg va gidng khoai tay.
3. KET QUA VA THAO LUAN
3.1. Anh hu&ng cua mat dp trong den cdc yiu to cau thdnh ndng suat cua ba gidng khoai tay P03, Atlantic vd TK96.1
Cac yeu tfl cau thanh nang suat la nhirng yen to quan trgng quyet dinh den nang suat khoai tay sau nay. Sau khi da hieu ro vai trd cua cac yeu td cau thanh nang suat nay khi trdng ta can lua chgn nhimg bien phap ky thuat phii hgp ciing nhu lua
chit luong va thda man rieu ehuan thi trudng tiSu thu. Cac yeu td eau thanh nang suat gdm sd cu/
cay, khdi lugng trung binh cu, khdi lugng tmng binh cii/cay...
3.1.1. Anh huang cita mgl dp trdng den tdng so cii tren cdy cua ba gidng khoai tdy P03, Atlantic vd TK96.1
Ngoai eac yen td vfl ky thuat canh tac, phan bdn, cham sde... nhu nhau thi yflu td gidng va mat dp trdng cua timg gidng cd anh hudng den tflng so eu tren cay. Sd lieu vfl tdng sd cu tren cay tmng binh ciia 3 gidng khoai tay trdng d cac mat dp khac nhau tai Da Lat vu He Thu 2017 duoc ghi nhan 6 bang 3.1 cho thay: Khi thay ddi mat do cii giong trflng tir 44.440 cii/ha dfln 57.140 eu/hadln den tdng sd cii trfln cay dao ddng trung binh tir thap nhit dat 11,02 cii/cay (trdng d mat do 57.140 cii gidng/lia) dfln cao nhat dat 11,82 cii/cay (trdng o^
mat do 50.000 cii gidng/ha) va cd y nghia thdng ke d miie 95% giira cac mat dp khac nhau. Tuong tir, khi thay ddi cac gidng khoai tay khac nhau P03, Atlantic va TK96 1 dan den tdng sfl cu tren cay thu hoach dao dgng trung binh tii 11.21 cii/cay den 11,70 cu/cay nhung su sai khac nay khdng co y nghia thdng kfl d miie 95% giiia cac giong tham gia thi nghiem.
chgn nhirng loai gidng tdt nham tang nang suat.
Bang 3.L Anh hirdng cua mat do trong den tong so cu/cSy cua ba giong khoai tay P03, Atlantic va TK96.1 (cu/cay)
Mat d6 trdng (M)
Giflng (G) Ml
(57.140 cu/ha) M2 (50.000 cu/ha)
M3 (44.440 cu/ha)
Trung binh (G) 11,20^''
Atlantic TK96.I Trung binh (M)
11,52^
CV% - 5,32
Ghi chil. Cdc cha cdi khac nhau trong hdng vd cdt bieu thi su sai khde co y nghTa thdng ke vai p=0,05
Phan tich sd Heu ve tdng sfl cu tren cay khi thay ddi cac mat do khac nhau tir 44.440 cii gidng/
ha dfln 57.140 cii gidng/ha phdi hgp cho 3 gidng khoai tay P03, Atlantic va TK96.1 cho thay sd cii tren cay dao dpng tir diip nhat dat 10,55 cu/cay (gidng P03 trdng d mat dp 57.140 cii gidng/ha) den cao nhat dat 12,02 cii/cay (giong Atlantic trflng d mat dp 50,000 cii gidng/ha), su sai khac nay cd y nghia thdng ke d 2 cflng thirc tren, giua eac cong thiic mat dp va gidng cdn lai cd sir sai khac nhung khdng cd y nghia thflng ke d mirc 95%.
3.1.2. Anh hu&ng cua mat dp trdng den khoi lugng trung binh/cu cua ba gidng khoai tay P03, Atlantic vdTK96.1
Khdi luong trung binh cii cua cac gidng khoai tay trdng d cac mat dp khac cd nghTa quan trpng khdng chi quyet dinh ve nang suat ma cdn quyet dinh dfln gia ban san phim do khoai tay la san pham cd the dung dfl an tuai hoac che bien thanh khoai chip khd de xuat khau.
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Tap chi so 32, thang 10-2018. trUcrng gai hpc Tay Nguyen ISSN 1859-4611 Bang 3.2. Anh hu-ffng ciia mat d6 trong den khoi Iirtfng trung binh/cu ciia ba giong khoai tay
Pb3, Atlantic va TK96.1 (gam) Mat do trong (M)
Giong (G) Ml
(57.140 cu/ha) M2 (50.000 cil/ha)
M3 (44.440 cu/ha)
Trung binh (G)
TK96.I Tmng binh (M)
- 49,65^0 46,80=
48,67'''=
48,37*^
53,50"^
51,68^
CV% = 5,22
Ghi chd: Cdc chu cdi khde nhau trong hdng vd eot bieu ihi su sai khac cd y nghTa thdng ke vai p=0,05.
Khi thay ddi mat do cii giflng khoai tay trdng tir mat do M1 den mat do M3 dan dfln khdi lugng tmng binh/cii dao ddng tOr thap nhat dat 48,37 gam/
cii (trdng d mat do 57.140 cu gidng/ha) den cao nhat dat 52,75 gam/eii (trdng d raat dd 50.000 eii gidng/ha) va cd y nghTa thdng ke d miie 95% giua ba mat dd trdng khac nhau. Khi thay ddi ba gidng khoai tay khac nhau trong thi nghiera dan dfln khdi lugng trung binh/cu dao ddng tir dat 49,53 gam/
cu (gidng TK96.1) dfln cao nhat dat 52,87 gam/
cii (gidng P03) va cd y nghia thdng ke d raire 95% giira gidng P03 so vdi hai gidng cdn Iai. Khi ket hgp thay ddi cac mat do khac nhau tii 44.440 cii giong/ha den 57.140 eii gidng/ha cho 3 gidng khoai tay P03, Atlande va TK96.1 vu He Thu nam 2017 tai Da Lat cho thay khdi lugng trung binh/cu tren cay dao ddng tir 46,80 gam/cii (gidng Atlantic trong d mat do 57.140 cii giong/ha) dfln 55,45
gam/cu (gidng Atlantic trdng d mat do 50,000 cii gidng/ha). su sai khac nay cd y nghia thdng ke d rairc 95% giira cac cdng thirc thi nghiem.
3.1.3. Anh huang cua mgi dp trong din khoi lugng tnmg binh cii/cdy cua ba gidng khoai tdy P03, Atlantic vdTK96.1
Theo ddi chi tieu khdi lupng trung binh cii/eay cho thay giira cac gidng khoai tay khac nhau P03, Atlantic va TK96.1 cho khdi lugng trung binh/cu khac nhau nhung su sai khac nay khdng ed y nghia khi xir ly thdng ke. Khi thay ddi mat do cii gidng khoai tay trdng tu mat dp MI dfln mat do M3 din dfln khdi lugng trung binh cii/cay dao ddng tir thap nhat dat 532,90 gam/cay (trdng d raat dg 57.140 eii gidng/ha) den eao nhat dat 6232,80 gam/cay (trong d m|t do 50.000 cii gidng/ha) va ed su sai khac cd y nghia thdng ke d raiic 95% giGa mat dp trdng Ml so vdi hai mat dp trdng cdn lai.
Bang 3.3 Anh hudng ciia mat do trong dfln khoi lupng trung binh cu/cay cua ba giong khoai tay P03, Atlantic va TK96.1 (gam)
Giong(G)
P03 Atlantic TK96.1 Trung binh (M)
Ml (57.140 cil/ha)
523,80' 525,70' 549,20"
532,90"
Mat do M2 (50.000 cu/ha)
658,50' 638,60"
574,30'"' 623,80*
trong (M) M3 (44.440 cu/ha)
599,20'"
607,60''' 589,40""' 598,70*
Trung binh (G) 593,80»
590,60*
570,90*
CV% = 8,69
Ghi chu- Cdc chir cdi khac nhau trong hdng vd cdt bieu thi su sai khde cd y nghia thong ke vai
=0,05.
Khi thay ddi cac mat dp khac nhau tir 44.440 cii gidng/ha dfln 57.140 eii giong/ha cho 3 gidng khoai tay P03, Atlantic, va TK96.1 vu He Thu nam 2017 tai Da Lat eho thiy khdi lugng trung binh
cii/cay dao ddng tir thap nhat dat 525,70 gam/cay (gidng Atlantic trdng d mat do 57.140 cii gidng/
ha) dfln cao nhat dat 658,5 gam/cay (gidng P03 trdng d mat dp 50.000 cii gidng/ha), su sai khae
Tap chi sd 32, thang 10-2018. tnJdng Dai hoc Tay Nguyen ISSN 1859-4611 nay ed y nghTa thdng ke d miic 95% giua cac cdng
thiic thi nghiem.
3.1.4 Anh hu&ng cua mat do trdng din kich thudc cu l&n cita ba gidng khoai tdy P03, Atlantic vd TK96.1
Ddi vdi khoai tay ndi riflng va cac loai khoai
ndi chung ngoai yeu td sd lugng cii trfln cay, khoi lugng cii thi chi tieu kich thudc va hinh dang cu ciing rat quan trgng, gidng cd nhiflu cii nhung cii nhd hoac cu bi loi do di dang ciang khdng the eho nang suat cao va hieu qua kinh tfl tdt do ehua dap ling duge nhu cau thi hieu cua ngudi tieu diing.
Bang 3.4 Anh hudng ciia mat dp trong din s6 cii ldn (>=5,0 cm) cua ba giong khoai tay P03, Atlantic vaTK96.I (cii)
Giang (G)
P03 Atlantic TK96.1 Trung binh (M)
Ml (57.140 cu/ha)
7,76"
7,38' 7,25'' 7,46»
(50 Mat dp M2 .000 cu/ha)
8,84- 8,08"
7,71"
8,21*
trong (M) M3 (44.440 cu/ha)
8,14"
7,90*
7,51*
7,85"
Trung binh (C) 8,25*
7,79*' 7,49"
CV% = 7,81
Ghi chu • Cdc chir cdi khde nhau trong hdng va cpt bleu thi su sai khde co y nghTa thdng ke vai p=0,05.
Sfl cii to trfln cay (cii cd dudng kinh >= 5,0cm) phu thudc vao gidng va ky thuat eanh tac trong do cd mat do trflng. Kflt qua theo doi so cu to tren cay ciia thi nghiem duge ghi nhan tai bang 3.4 cho thay giua cac gidng khoai tay khac nhau P03.
Atlantic va TK96.1 cho sd cii to khac nhau tir thip nhat gidng TK96.1 dat 7,49 cii to/cay va cao nhit la gidng P03 dat 8,25 cii to/cay va su sai khac nay cd y nghta khi xir ly thflng ke giua hai gidng TK96.1 vdi gidng P03 edn ddi vdi gidng Atlantic khdng cd su sai khac vdi hai gidng cdn lai. Khi thay ddi mat dp trong tir MI dfln mat do M3 din den sfl cu to tren cay dao ddng tmng binh tir thip nhit dat 7,46 cii to/cay (trdng d mat dg 57.140 eu gidng/lia) dfln cao.nhat dat 8.21 cii to/cay (trdng d mat do 50.000 cii gidng/ha) va cd su sai khac cd y nghia thdng kfl d miic 95% giira mat do trdng M2 so vdi hai mat dp trdng cdn lai. Kflt hgp thay ddi trdng d mat do khac nhau tir 44.440 cii gidng/
ha dfln 57.140 cii giflng/ha eho 3 gidng khoai tay P03, Atlantic va TK96.1 vu He thu nam 2017 lai Da Lat cho thay sd cu to tren cay tir thip nhit dat 7,25 cii to/cay (gidng TK96,I trdng d mat do 57.140 cii gidng/ha) dfln cao nhit dat 8,84 cii to/
cay (gidng P03 trdng d mat dp 50.000 cii gidng/
ha), su sai khac nay cd y nghTa thdng kfl d mirc 95% giira hai edng thiic thi nghiem tren, cdn cac cdng thiic khae cd su sai khac nhung khflng cd y nghia thflng kfl.
3.2. Anh hu&ng cua mat dp trong den ndng suat ba giong khoai tdy P03, Atlantic vd TK96.1
San pham eudi ciing ngudi ndng dan thu hoach la cu khoai tay, nang suit cu cao, kich thudc cu ldn nhieu, chat lupng cu tdt kflt hpp vdi sy dau tu hop ly se dem lai hiflu qua kinh tfl eao cho ngudi san xuat.
3.2.1. Anh huang cua mat dp trdng den ndng suat ly thuyet ba giong khoai tdy P03, Atlantic vd TK96.1
Nang suat cay trdng ndi chung phu thudc vao rat nhiflu yeu td, khi mpi yeu to khac trong thi nghiem nay la ddng nhat thi giua eac gidng khac nhau va mat do trdng khac nhau cd anh huong rat ldn dfln nang suat cay khoai tay. Kflt qua theo ddi ve nang suit ly thuyet (NSLT) trfln cay khoai tay cua thi nghipm duge ghi nhan tai bang 3.14 cho thiy: Xet vfl yflu tfl gidng, giua eac giflng khae nhau P03, Atlantic va TK96.1 cho nang suit ly thuyflt khac nhau tir thip nhit dat 28,76 tin/ha (giong TK96.I) va cao nhit la giong P03 dat 29,83 tin/ha va sir sai khac nay cd y nghTa khi xii ly thdng ke d muc y nghia 95% gitra gidng TK96.1 vdi hai giong cdn Iai, giflng Atlantic va P03 co su sai khac nhung khdng cd y nghTa thdng ke.
Xet vfl yflu td mat dp trong: Khi thay ddi mat do trdng tir MI (57.140 cii gidng/ha) dfln mat dg M3 (44.440 cii gidng/ha) eho kflt qua nang suit ly thuyet dat tir thip nhit dat 26,61 tin/ha (trdng d mat dd 44.440 cii gidng/ha) dfln cao nhit dat 31,19 tan/ha (trdng d mat do 50.000 cii gidng/ha) va cd su sai khac cd y nghTa khi xir ly thdng ke d miic 95% giii-a mat do trdng M3 (44.440 cu gi6ng/ha)
28
Tap chi so 32, thang 10-2018, trUdng Dai hgc Tay Nguyen ISSN 1859-4611 so vdl hai m^t dp trdng edn Iai, giira hai mat dp
trdng Ml va M2 (50.000 cii gidng/ha) cd sir sai khac nhimg khdng cd y nghTa thdng kfl. Khi tuong tac hai yflu td la mat do trdng va yeu td gidng trong thi nghiem vu He thu nam 2017 tai Da Lat cho thiy nang suat ly thuyflt dat tii 26,19 tin/ha (gidng TK96.1 trdng d mat dp 44.440 cii gidng/ha) dfln
32,93 tin/ha (gidng P03 trdng d mat do 50 000 eu gidng/ha), su sai khac nay ed y nghTa thdng kfl d miic 95% giua eac gidng duge trdng 6 mat do M1 va M2 vdi mat do M3, giira cac gidng trdng d mat dp MI va M2 cd su sai khac nhung khdng cd y nghTa thdng kfl;
Bang 3.5. Anh hudng cua mat do trong den nang suat ly thuyet ciia ba gidng khoai tay P03, Atlantic va TK96.1 (tin/ha)
Mat do trong (M)
Giong (G) Ml
(57.140 cu/ha) M2 (50.000 cu/ha)
M3 (44.440 cii/ha)
Trung binh (G) P03
TK96 1 Tmng binh (M)
27,00=
26,19' 26,6 P
28,76^
CV% = 8,85
Ghi chu: Cdc chir cdi khde nhau trong hdng vd cot bieu thi su sai khac co y nghTa thong ke v&i p=0,05.
3.2.2. Anh hu&ng ciia mat dp trdng den ndng sudt thuc thu ba gidng khoai tdy P03, Atlantic vd
TK96.i
Ddi vdi nang suat thue thu: Xet ve yflu to gidng, giira cac gidng khac nhau P03, Atlantic va TK96.1 cho nang suit ly thuc thu dat tir 24,73 tin/
ha (gidng TK96.1) va cao nhat la gidng P03 dat 25,65 tin/ha va su sai khae nay cd y nghTa khi xir ly thdng kfl d mirc y nghia 95% giira gidng TK96.1 vdi hai gidng cdn lai, gidng Atlantic va P03 cd su sai khac nhung khdng ed y nghTa thdng ke Xet vfl yflu td mat dp trdng: Khi thay ddi mat do trdng tir Ml (57.140 cu giong/ha) den mat do M3 (44.440 cii giflng/ha) eho kflt qua nang suat thuc thu dat tir thip nhit 26,61 tin/ha (trong d mat do 44.440
cu gidng/ha) den cao nhat dat 31,19 tan/ha (trdng d mat do 50.000 cu gidng/ha) va cd su sai khac cd y nghTa khi xii ly thdng kfl d mirc 95% giira mat dp trdng M3 (44.440 cu gidng/ha) so vdi hai mat do trflng cdn lai, giira hai raat dp trdng Ml va M2 (50.000 cii gidng/ha) cd su sai khac nhung khdng cd y nghTa thdng kfl. Khi tuong tac hai yeu td la mSt do trflng va gidng trong thi nghiflm vu He thu nam 2017 tai Da Lat cho thay nang suat thue thu dat tir 22,52 tin/ha (gidng TK96.1 trong d mat do 44.440 cu gidng/ha) dfln 28,32 tan/ha (gidng P03 trdng d mat dp 50.000 cu gidng/ha), su sai khac nay cd y nghia thdng kfl d miic 95% giira cac gidng duge trdng d mat do Ml va M2 vdi mat dp M3, gitra cae gidng trdng d mat do Ml va M2 ed sir sai khac nhung khong cd y nghTa thdng kfl.
Bang 3.6. Anh hudng ciia mat do trflng din nang suat thuc thu cua ba gidng khoai tay P03, Atlantic va TK96.1 (tan/ha)
Giong (G)
P03 Atlantic TK96.1 Trung binh (M)
Ml (57.140 cu/ha)
25,74''=
25,83"' 26,99*
26,19*
Mat dp M2 (50.000 cu/ha)
28,32' 27,46"
24,69'' 26,82*
trong (M) M3 (44.440 cu/ha)
22,90<
23,22' 22,52' 22,88"
Trung binh (G) 25,65*
25,50*
24,73' CV% = 8,85
Ghi chit: Cac cha cai khac nhau trong hang va cot bieu thi su sai khac co y nghTa thong ke vai p=O.OS.
29
Tap chi so 32, thang 10-2018, triidng Dai hgc Tay Nguyen tbi>N 1859-4611 Khi tuang tac hai yflu td la mat do trong va yflu
td gidng trong thi nghiem vu He thu nam 2017 tai Da Lat eho thiy nang suit thuc thu dat tir 22,52 tin/ha (gidng TK96.1 trflng d mat do 44.440 cii gidng/ha) dfln 28,32 tin/ha (^idng P03 trdng d mat dd 50.000 cii gi6ng/ha), su sai khac nay cd y nghTa thdng ke d miic 95% giiia cac gidng duoc trdng d mat dg MI va M2 vdi mat dp M3, gitra cac gidng trdng d mat dp Ml va M2 cd su sai khac nhung khdng ed y nghTa thdng ke.
3.3. Anh hu&ng cua mat dp trdng den hiiu qud kinh te ba giong khoai tdy P03, Atlantic vd TK96.1
Cd rat nhiflu bifln phap de nang cao hieu qua san xuat cho ngudi dan trdng khoai tay-trong dd co bien phap ap dung khoa hpc ky thuat canh tac vao san xuat; Mdt trong nhiing bien phap quan trpng nhit hien nay do la sir dung gidng mdi va mat dp trdng phil hgp.
Vdi eac chi phi vfl phan bdn, thudc bao ve thuc vat, gia cdng lao dpng, gia cii gidng... ddng dflu cho cae nghiem thiic, chi cd dau tu ve tien giong va edng khac nhau do lugng gidng d mdi ra^t dp la khac nhau din dfln so lupng cdng trdng, cham soc va thu hoach ed khac nhau.
Bang 3.7. Hieu qua kinh te ba giflng khoai tay P 0 3 , Atlantic va TK96.1 trong tai Da Lat
Cong thirc Sanlugng
(tan/ha)
Tdng thu (trieu dong)
Tong chi (trieu dong)
Lai thuan (trieu dong) GlMl
G1M2 G1M3 G2M1 G2M2 G2M3 G3M1 G3M2 G3M3
25,74 28,32 22,90 25,83 27,46 23,22 26,99 24,69
386.07 424.76 343.51 387.51 411.89 348.34 404.79 370.39
125.50 115.50 107.50 125.50 115.50 107.50 125.50 115.50
260.57 309.26 236.01 262.01 296.39 240.84 279.29 254.89
337.87 107.50 230.37
Ghi chii: Gid khoai tdy thuangphdm bdn trung binh tgi thai diem ihu hogch nam 2017:15.000d/kg - Gia tri san lugng: Cac cflng thtic thi nghiflm
thay ddi mat do trdng tir Ml (57.140 cii gidng/
ha) den mat dp M3 (44.440 cii gidng/ha) eho ba giflng khoai tay P03, Atlantic va TK96 I trong thi nghiem vu He Thu nam 2017 tai Da Lat cho kflt qua tdng gia tri dat tir thap nhat 337,87 trieu ddng (gidngTK96.I trdngdmatdd57.140cugidng/ha) dfln 424,76 trieu ddng (giong P03 trdng d mat do 50.000 cu gidng/ha). gia khoai thuang pham duge tinh ban trung binh la 15.000 ddng/kg.
- Tflng chi phi: Tflng chi phi cho san xuat 1 ha khoai tay ngoai lupng phan bdn dam, lan, kali va phan chudng, thudc bao ve thuc vat... theo quy trinh cua Bd Ndng nghiep va Phat trien ndng thdn cdn cd cac ehi phi khac nhu cdng lao ddng, gia eu gidng duge tinh theo gia trung binh vu He thu nam 2017 theo gia thuc tfl tai dia phuang. CJ cae cdng thiic thi nghiem khac nhau cd su khac nhau vfl tdng chi phi do luong gidng d mdi mat do khac nhau va cdng lao ddng, cham soc thu hoach d nhiing cdng thirc cd mat dp trdng day hon se tdn nhieu cdng hon la trdng thua. Tdng chi phi diu tu cho 1 ha
khoai tay vu He thu nam 2017 trung binh tir 107,5 trieu dfln 125,5 trieu dong tiiy theo cdng thiic.
- Lgi nhuan: Cac cdng thiic thay ddi mat dp trdng tir MI (57.140 cu gidng/ha) dfln mat do M3 (44.440 eii gidng/ha) cho ba gidng khoai tay P03, Atlantic va TK96.1 trong thi nghiem vu He diu nam 2017 tai Da Lat da lam tang lgi nhuan khac nhau tli thip nhat dat 230,37 trieu ddng (gidog TK96.I trdng d mat do 57.140 cii gidng/ha) den cao nhat 309,26 trieu ddng (gidng P03 trong d mat dp 50.000 cii gidng/ha). Theo thir tu 3 cflng thirc mat dp va gidng khac nhau eho Igi nhuan cao nhat la gidng P03 trdng d mat do 50.000 cii giflng/
ha, Atlantic trdng d mat do 50.000 cu gidng/ha va TK96.1 trong d mat dp 57.140 cii gidng/ha.
4. KET LUAN
- Vfl nang suit thuc thu: Kflt qua thi nghiem cho thay giong khoai tay P03 trdng d mat dp 50.000 cii gidng/ha dat nang suat cao nhat (28,32 tan/ha), kfl den la gidng Atlantic trdng d mat do 50.000 cii gidng/ha dat nang suat cao nhat (27,46 tan/ha) va 30
Tap chi sd 32, thang 10-2018, trUdng Dai hgc Tay Nguyen ISSN 1859-4611 thubalagi6ngTK96.I trdng d mat dp 57.140 cii ha (309,26 trieu dong/ha), gidng Atlantic trdng gidng/ha dat nang suit cao nhit (26,99 tin/ha). d mat dp 50.000 cii gidng/ha (296,39 trieu ddng/
- Hieu qua kinh tfl: Theo thii tu 3 cong thiic ha) va TK96.1 trdng d mat do 57.140 cu gidng/ha mat do va gidng khac nhau cho Igi nhuan cao nhit (279,29 trieu ddng/ha).
a gidng P03 trdng d mat dp 50.000 cii giong/
STUDY ON IDENTIFYING THE PLANTING DENSITIES OF THREE POTATO VARIETIES: P03, ATLANTIC AND TK96.1 IN DA LAT CITY,
LAM DONG PROVINCE
Nguyen Van Minh^ TruoTig Bao Duong*
Received Date: 01/9/2018; Revised Date: 15/9/2018; Accepted for Publication: 30/9/2018 SUMMARY
The aim of this study is to identify the planting densities of three potato varieties - P03, Altlantic and TK96.1 in Da Lat city. Lam Dong province in the Summer-Autumn crop of 2017. The research results showed that the highest actual yield gained with the density of M1 (57.100 tubers/ha) for TK96.1 potato variety were 26,99 tons/ha; density of M2 (50.000 tubers/ha) for P03 potato vanety were 28,32 tons/
ha; and density of M3 (44.400 tubers/ha) for Alantic potato variety were 23,22 tons/ha. These are also the major potato varieties recommended for main production with the above mentioned densities for ecological region of Da Lat in particular and for Lam Dong province in general.
Keywords: Potatoes P03, Atlantic, TK96.1, planting densities. Da Lat, Lam Dong.
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
Bd Ndng nghiep va Phat tnen nflng thfln (2011), QCVN 01-59: 2011/BNNPTNT, Quy chuan ky thudt qudc gia ve khdo nghiem gid tri eanh tdc vd gid tri sic dung ciia gidng khoai tdy.
Cue trdng trgt, Bdo cdo tdng ket tinh hinh hogt ddng sdn xudt ndng nghiep, thang 12 nam 2017 FAO START, 2016.
Nien giam thflng kfl tinh Lam Ddng, 2017.
So Ndng nghiep vaPhat trien ndng thdn tinh Lara Ddng, 2017.
3 PhD., Agriculture and Forestry Faculty. Tay Nguyen University:
4 Department of Agriculture and Rural Development of Lam Dong province;
Corresponding author' Nguyen Van Minh; Tel: 09134843J5; Email, [email protected]
