Tgp chi Khoa hgc - Cong nghe Thuy s
KET QUA NGHIEN CQU D A O TAO SAU DAi HOC
MlTC DO NHIEM AU TRIJNG SAN SONG CHU (CERCARIA) TREN OC NlfdC NGOT TAI HAI XA AN MY, AJ\ HOA,
HUYEN TUY AN, TINH PHU YEN
INFECTION OF TREMATODE LARVAE (CERCARIA) IN FRESHWATER SNAILS IN TWO COMMUNES, AN MY AND AN HOA, TUY AN DISTRICT, PHU YEN PROVINCE
Nguyen Phw&c Bdo Ngoc', Nguyen Cao Lor?, Vo The DUn^, Ngo Anh Tuin*
Ngay nhan bar 03/12/2012; Ng^y phan bien thong qua 09/7/2013; Ngay duyfit dang; 10/3/2014 T 6 M TAT
Thdnh phdn lodi vd suphdn bo cua 6c nude ngot vd du triing cercaria cua sdn Id song chu da dupe tien hdnh khao sdt tai xd An My vd An Hoa, huyen Tuy An, tinh PHU Yen. Tong so 4 224 mdu oc. gom 11 lodi, thuoc 1! giong vd 7 hgdu^
thu tgi cdc thiiy vuc khdc nhau vd duoc phdn loai bdng phucmg phdp nghien cihi hinh thai. Kit qud phdn tich cho thay oc tgi tdt cd ede thdy vuc khdo sdt deu bf nhiem du triing cercaria. trong do khu vuc Bau Sung An My co thdnh phan loai de (6/11 lodi) bi nhiem nhieu nhdt so vdi ede thuy vuc khdc Cercana duac tim thdy tren 6c gom 5 nhom: Pleurolophocereana, Xiphidiocercaria, Echinostome, Monostome vd Gymnocephalus. Nhom Pleurolophocercaria kisinh tren nkieu iodi oc nhat, dac biet nhiem nhieu tren oc Melanoides tuberculata vdi ty le nhiem 35,52%. Nhom Monostome nhiem thdp nhat tren oc Melanoides tuberculata vdi ty le nhiem 0,36%. Ty le nhiem cercaria ky sinh tren 6c thay doi theo miia: nhiem cao vdo mm kho vai ty le nhiem cao nhdt 36,84%, nhiem thdp vdo mua mua v&i ty le nhiem cao nhdt 10,33%
Tu khoa: cercaria. sdn song chu, 6c nu&c ngpt, ki sinh, Phu Yen ABSTRACT
Species composition and distribution of freshwater snails and trematode cercaria larva were surveyed in An My and An Hoa communes. Tuy An district. Phu Yen province. A total of 4 224 samples of snails, including 11 species in 11 genus. 7 family was collected in different aquatic habitats and identified by morphological method. The result showed ihal the snails in all the researched areas were infected by cercaria larvae, in which the number of snail species infected by cercaria in Bau Sung-AnMywas highest There were 5 trematode larvalgenafound Pleurolophocercaria. Xiphidiocercaria, Echinostome, Monostome and Gymnocephala Pleurolophocercaria cercana parasitized the highest number of snail, particularly in Melanoides tuberculata snail (prevalence 35,5%). Monostome was the trematode genus having the least snail species number infected, only Melanoides tuberculata (prevalence 0,36%) Infection by trematode larvae in snails varied according to the seasons, prevalence was high in the dry season (highestprevalence 36,84%) but low in the rak (highest prevalence 10.33%)
Keywords: cercana. trematode. freshwater snail, parasite, Phu Yen
I. DAT V A N D £ {Paragonimiasis) da dyge bao cdo tai nhieu dja Sdn song ehCi vd dieh bdnh do sdn song ehu phyang thudc mien Bdc, miln Trung va miln Nam gay ra dd vd dang trd thdnh moi nguy cho sde khde vdi s l lygng bdnh nhdn ngdy mdt gia tang [3].
d n g ding vd nen kinh t l cua nhilu quoc gia, trong Thdng qua cae nghien cdu Idn vdng ddi vd miia vy dd cd Viet Nam [6]. Nhieu lodi nguy hilm gay bpnh bung phdt cOa d e bdnh ke tren cho thiy sg phan nhy san la gan nhd {Clonorchiasis, Opisthorchiasis). bo va mpt do cua vat chu trung gian, ddc bi§t Id cdc sdn Id gan Idn (Fasciotiasis), sdn Id phii loai 6c nydc ngpt. Id mdt nhan t l quyet djnh din
' Nguyen Phudc Bao Ngpc: Cao hpc Nufli trong thCiy san 2010 - Trydng D^i hpc Nha Trang ' Nguyin Cao L$c, ^ TS. Vo The Dung; Vi#n Nghien cdu Nuoi trong thuy san III
^ TS. Ngd Anh Tuan Vipn Nufli trong thiJy sdn - Tnrdng Dgi hoc Nha Trang
166 • TRl/ONG DAI HOC NHA TRANG
Tgp chi Khoa hgc - Cong nghe Thuy sdn S6 1/2014 sg phdt triln vd lay lan cac djch benh eua sdn [3],
[4], [5], [8], [17].
Nam 2004, Phu Ydn dygc bao d o Id tinh ed ty Id nhilm sdn Id gan nhd eao nhlt d nydc (36,9 %).
vd mdt s l lodi 6c mCit {Melanoides sp) dygc phdt hidn Id vdt ehO \rung gian Idy truyen bdnh [6]. Tuy nhidn d o d i n nay, thdng tin v l l u trOng d c loai sdn la khde phdn b l tren dja bdn cOa tinh chya dygc thong kd. Chlnh vi vdy, muc dich cua nghidn cdu ndy Id nham danh gid tinh hinh phdn bd khu hp 6e nydc ngpt, qua dd tim hilu thdnh phln l u triing cercaria ki sinh tren d c lodi 6e nham gdp phan d g d d n nguy ea Idy nhiim eho d n g dong.
II. VAT LIEU VA PHU'aNG P H A P N G H I E N CCTU 1. O i l t u y n g vd vpt lipu nghidn ci>u
1. I.BSI tuxmg nghien cO-u: cdc lodi au trCing cercana Wj/ sinh tren 6c nydc ngpt.
1.2. Vit Uiu nghidn CCPU: d c lodi 6c nydc ngpt.
2. Phyang phdp nghidn ciru
2.1. Thin gian nghidn cuv: tCr thdng 06/2011 - 11/2011.
2.2. Dia diim: Kdnh, rpch, ao vd ddng rudng tpi hai xa An My, An Hda. huydn Tuy An, tinh Phii Ydn.
2.3. Phuang phip thu m§u 6c
Oe dyge thu bing vgt hole bang tay trong didn tich 1 m^ tpi 3 dilm khde nhau d m5i thOy vgc theo phyang phdp cOa Dung vd CTV [8]. Sau dd, 6c dyge bdo qudn s6ng vd chuyen ve phdng thi nghi§m phdn tieh.
2.4. Djnh l09i 6c
Oc dygc djnh lopi dga tren tdi lipu cua Dpng Ngpc Thanh {1 ] va Brandt [31.
2.5. Phuong phip kiim tra cercaria
Au triing cercaria dyge Uiu thap bing cdch eho thodt ra khdi ea t h i l e theo phyang phdp eua Frandsen vd Christensen [9].
2.6. Dinh danh cercana
Cercariae dygc ve, chpp dnh vd do kieh thyde
%
T h u y Bau Sling Kenh An f ) l m An Rupng A D A O An inyc
AnMJ^ Hda Hda H 6 s Hda Hlnh 1. Sv pban b6 cua cic laid 6c theo thuy v ^
tir kinh hiin vi d dp phdng dpi 400X, 1000X. Cercaria dygc djnh lopi theo khod phdn loai cua Ginetsinskaya [7]; Dung vd CTV [8].
3. Phyang phdp phan tich vd X(F ly so lieu Mire dd d m nhilm l u triing sdn dyge tinh dga tren t? Id d m nhiem (TLCN = % s6 oe nhiem eercaria/s6 oe kilm tra) vd cydng dd cdm nhilm (CDCN = ting so eerearia/s6 6c kiem tra).
Phdn tieh va xir ly s l Iidu bdng phln m i m Microsoft Excel 2007.
III. K^T QUA NGHIEN CI>U VA T H A O LUAN 1. Si^ phdn b l cua cdc lodi I c theo thOy vgc
Ting s6 4.224 m l u 6c dd dygc Uiu tpi cdc thOy vgc d a hai xa An My vd An Hda, huypn Tuy An, tinh Phd Y i n . Thanh phan vd so lygng lodi 6e thay d l i theo dja diem thu m l u vd d e thdng trong ndm.
Trong so 11 loai l e thudc 11 gilng, 7 hg 6c khdc nhau dyge phdt hipn thi kenh An Hda cd thdnh phln lodi thip nhlt (7 lodi) so vdi 4 thuy vgc nydc ttnh nghidn cdu. Ngodi ra, Bithynia sp. Id lodi d mpt dd phdn bd cao nhlt trong s6 cdc lodi 6c dygc phdt hidn. Lodi ndy d xu hydng xult hipn pho biln d t i t d d c thdy vgc ngodi trir ao (An Hda). Tyang tg, Filopaludia sumatensis khd pho biln d cdc thiiy vgc, nhyng Ipi khdng d mdt d thCiy vgc kdnh.
Indoplanrbis exustus vd Thiara scabra Id hai lodi cd mdt dp phdn b l rlt thip vd da khdng dyge phat hidn tpi nhilu thdy vgc khdo sdt.
Trong thdi gian nghien edu, thdnh phln iodi vd kich CO quIn the 6c eung eho thiy d lidn quan din ede miia trong nam. Vdo d c thdng miia mya (thdng 9-12), thdnh phln lodi xuat hidn cao nhlt: 8-11 lodi;
trong khi vdo miia ndng (thdng 6-8) d l 4-6 I d i dirge phdt hien. Sg khdc bl$t frong thdnh phln vd mdt dd phan bo d a oe d t h i Id do sg khdc bipt ve tinh chit ly - hoa d a mdi trydng, dpc bipt Id vdn t i e ddng dndy, pH, nhidt dd,vd sg phong phu eua d e chit h(ru CO Id ngudn dinh dydng eua tdo [6], [8], [11], [17].
• Melanoides Utberailata 'Seni^latomateOa
• Tarebiagrminifera
• Gyrauliissp.
^Lynmaeasp.
MBiatyniasp.
• Indoplanrbis exustus
• Tliiara scabra
• FOopaUtdia sumatensis MPoataceasp.
• Sinotaia litliophaga
TRL/ONG DAI HOC NHA TRANG • 167
Tgp chi Khoa hgc - Cong nghe Thiiy sdn
So mm
2. MOc dp nhiem au triing cercaria cua timg lodi 6c Ba lodi I c Filopaludia sumatensis, Pomacea sp, Sinotaia lithophaga khdng d o thiy d sg d m nhilm bdi l u trung sdn, tuy nhien 8 lodi 6c d n Ipi deu ghi nhdn sg d m nhiem bdi d c lodi cercaria Ihupe 5 nhdm: Gymnocephalus, Xiphidiocercaria, Pleurolophocercaria, Monostome va Echinostome (hinh 2 vd bdng 1). Cercaria cua 3 nhdm Echinostome, Pleurolophoeen:aria vd Xiphidiocercaria tim thiy p h i biln trdn d c lodi 6e vdi TLCN trung binh tyang dng Id 10,01%, 11,02% vd 6,25%, trong khi do Gymnocephalus vd Monostome cd mde dp
d m nhilm it han vd'i TLCN l l n Iyge Id 1,76 vd 0,36% ting s l I c dd khdo sat.
Trong nghien edu nay, Artyfechinostomum sp {Echinostome) la loai duy nhat dirge phat hipn vd tSy nhiem trln nhilu lodi oe nhlt (5 loai) (bang 1). Cdc vat chii tmng gian tyong tg eua Artyfechinostonum sp eung da dygc bdo d o tgi Thai Lan, Malaysia, Indonesia, Singapore, An Dd, Philippin vd Vi§t Nam, Vpt ehCi cull eOng cua ki sinh trimg ndy bao gIm nhilu ddng vat fren can nhy ngydi, Ign, meo, ch6, ehudt. Tuy nhidn cae bdo d o v l tinh trpng cdm nhidm d ngydi la rat it [4], [16].
Hinb 2. a. Gymnocephalus, b. Monostome, c Xiphidiocercaria, d. Echinostome, e. Pleurolophocercaria
Hai lodi sdn nguy hiem khdc da dygc bdo d o khd ndng gdy bdnh eho eon ngydi Id Loxogenoides sp.
(Xiphidiocercaria) vd lodi Centrocestus formosanus (Pleurolophocercaria) cung eho thiy sg d m|t khd ph6 bien trong quIn t h i l e tpi Phu Yen. Trong s6 4 vdt chu trung gian cua 2 lodi 6c ndy thi oe Melanoides tuberculata ed ty Id nhiim rlt eao l l n Iyge Id 12.41 vd 35,52 %. M. tuberculata cung Id loai duy nhlt trong s6 d c lodi oe dyge thu mlu bj nhidm t i t cd cdc lodi sdn, Tpi hai xd NghTa Phu, NghTa Lpe - Nam Djnh, kit qud cdng bo d a Dung & CTV (2010) cung cho thiy M. tuberculata la vdt chu cua nhieu loai sdn nhat vd t j Id d m nhilm sdn eua lodi ndy chilm vj tri cao nhlt so vdi 8 lodi 6c dyge ghi nhan [8]. Theo ting hgp eua Pinto & Melo (2011) eho thiy rang M tuberculata Id vat did trung gian cua 37 lodi sdn eda 25 gidng thugc 17 hp, trong dd cd sdn Id gan, sdn phoi vd sdn rupt [14]. Nhilu nghien d u tir mOt s l nydc tren t h i gidi cho thay sg d mat vd mdt dd cda M. tuberculata cd tae ddng tidu egc d i n quIn t h i d c loai oe khde sing trong ciing khu vgc. D i e bi^t id ede nhdm l e Id vpt chu eiia cdc lodi sdn nguy hilm
168 • TRUONG DAI HOC NHA TRANG
cho sdc khde eon ngydi nhy Biomphalaria. Chinh vi vay M. tuberculata da dyge sir dgng nhy mdt cdng eg kilm sodt sinh hoc d hidu qud sg Idy nhilm ctJa cae lodi sdn bong d n g ding [7], [11], [12], [14], Trong nghien cdu ndy, sg epnh franh cua M. tuberculata vdi d e lodi I c khde da khdng dugc nghidn ed'u nhyng kha ndng bj nhiem nhilu lodi sSti cua M. tuberculata eho thiy rang M. tuberculata eung Id vector thich hgp trong vdng ddi eiia nhiiu lodi sdn. Kiem sodt sg phdt triln eua M. tuberculata se gdp phln gidm thilu sg d m nhilm san.
Sdn Gymntxxphalus sp (Gymnocephalus) vd Catatropis sp (Monostome) d TLCN thap, lln lypc Id 1,76 vd 0,36% khde bi^t so vdi kit qud 0,6 vd 6,3% trong quIn t h i 6c d Nam Djnh cua Dung vi CTV (2010) [8]. Sg khdc bidt ndy d t h i Id do mfli trydng sing cua quIn t h i d e lodi 6c d 2 nghidn eiru Id khde nhau. Trong nghidn ciru d a nhdm tdc gia fren, 6e dirge thu d d c ao nudi cd kit hgp v6i gia d m (md hinh VAC) d t h i Id mdi trydng thich hgp cho sg Idy lan au triing sdn cua d e lodi sdn cOa Monostome.
Tgp chi Khoa hoc - Cong ngh? Thuy sdn So 1/2014
3. Sg biln d^ng t^ le nhiem cercaria d 6c theo thdng
K i t qud nghidn cdu cho thay sg d m nhilm l u thing cercaria trdn 6e tai cdc thdi dilm khdc nhau frong ndm thi khdc nhau. S6 lygng lodi cercaria cd xu hydng phong phu han vdo miia mya (5 lodi) so vdi mDa khd (4 lodi). Tuy nhien. vdo mua mya TLCN cercana trung binh eua eac lodi 6c (6,71%) Ipi thip han so vdi TLCN trung binh vdo miia khd (8,32%). Nguyen nhdn eda k i t qud nay Id do sg phdt triln vygt trdi ciJa nhdm Pleurophoeercaria Bang 1. Mi>c dp d m n h i l m
vdo d c thdng miia khd vd chiem TLCN eao nhlt vdo thdng 6 (36,84%). K i t qud nay tyang t g nhy edng b6 eua Nkwengulila vd CTV ring biln dpng l u triing cercaria sdn song chu trdn 6e thay d l i theo miia, nhilm eao vdo d c fridng miia khd vd giam xu6ng vdo d c fridng miia mya [12], [15].
Ngodi ra, nhi^t dd vd vpn tdc ddng chay cda thdy vgc da dygc bao d o la hai trong so d e nhdn to kich thich cercana thodt khdi ea t h i 6c ra ngodi vd cung anh hydng sg d m nhiem sdn cda quIn t h i 6c bj ki sinh.
l u triing ceix^ria eOa d c lodi 6c
Lofti6c
Melanoides tuberculata Sermyla tomatella Tarebia granlfera Gyraulus sp Lymnaea sp Bithynia sp Indoplanrbis exustus Thiara scabra Filopaludia sumatensis Pomacea sp Sinotaia lithophaga
Gymnocephalus TLN
2,07 1.46
-
CDN
106,5 70
-
Xiphidiocercaria TLN
12,41 0.33
-
5,34
6.94 CDN
79.4
51.5
60
5.6
l^euroiopiiocarearia TLN
35.52 2,92 0,33
5,34 CON
116.4 17.75 47.5
22,1
-
Monostoitie TLN
0,36 CON
34
Ecliinostome TLN
1.03
20,49
-
14.8 2.39 11,11
-
CON
136.7
5.7
-
6.2 32,7 40,8
-
TlNTf 1^nhiSm: CBN: Cuimg06nhiim
40 »/4
2 35
^ 3 0 25 20 15 10 5
0
T^=^—.^=t=T
7 « 9 10 11 12 Hlnh 3. Pban b6 au tri^Dg cercaria theo thang
• GyuutocephaJtts
• X^hidiocercaria M Pleurolophocercaria
• Monostome spp.
• Echinostome
Tb^Dg
IV. K £ T LUAN VA K | £ N NGH!
1. Kit lu$n
C611 lodi I c d a 11 gidng thude 7 hg khdc nhau dyge thu Kr 4.224 m i u tai hai xd An My vd An Hda, huypn Tuy An, Hnh Phii Ydn. Ndm nhdm cercana bao g6m: Gymnocephalus, Xiphidiocercaria, Pleurolophocercaria.
Monostome vd Echinostome dd dygc phdt hidn tgi mdt frong s6 d c thdy vgc nghidn edu. Trong dd, thdy vgc Blu Sdng An My d thdnh phln lodi 6c bj nhiem l u tning cercaria nhilu nhat so vdi d e thdy vgc khde.
TRl/ONG DAI H O C NHA TRANG • 169
Tgp chi Khoa hgc - Cong nghe Thuy sdn So 1/2014 f^, Thdnh phan lodi 6c va cercana phong phu han vdo mda mya so vdi miia ndng nhyng TLCN frung binh c6 xu hydng cao han vdo mua khd. Cercana thupc nhdm Pleurophoeercaria tim thiy nhilu nhlt tren d e lodi to, dpc bidt tren lodi oe Melanoides tuberculata vdi ty le nhidm 35,52%. Cercaria thude nhdm Monostome ehi tim thiy tren I d i 6c Melanoides tuberculata vdi ty le nhiim 0,36%.
2. Kien nghj
D l ddnh gid todn dipn sg bien ddng thanh phan lodi cda oe va cercaria theo mua d n tilp tgc nghidn ciru sg phan b l va TLCN d a ehiing tir thdng 01 d i n 06. Nghien edu djnh danh I d i eho d e cercaria dyge phSt hidn trong nghidn CLPU ndy bdng d e ky thuat phdn t y nham gia tang hieu biet v l khd ndng gdy hpi d a sdn. Tilp tyc nghidn edu vdng ddi d c nhdm au triing cercaria eua sdn song chd k;^ sinh trdn 6e thdng qua vide kiem tra sg d m nhilm cae giai doan phdt triln khac nhau cua sdn d trdn ede vdt ehu khde nhy d , lydng cy, ddng v§l trdn cpn.
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO Tieng K|(
1 Nguyen Van Chuong, Tneu Nguyen Trung, 2007. Nghien cihi dgc diem djch te hpc ciia b?nh san IA gan lan rngt so d i ^ ciia 2 tinh mien Trung. Ky ySu cong trinh NCKH 2001-2006. Vi?n S6t ret - KST - CT Quy Nhon. NXB Y hgc: 410-416 2 Diing Nggc Thanh, 1980 Dmh lo^ii dpng v$t khong xucmg song nuctc ngpt mi^nSacVi^t Nam. NXB Khoa hgc Kithujil Hi
Ngi: 440-490.
TiingAnh
3. Brandt, A. M. R., 1974. The non-marine aquatic Mollusca of Thailand. Archivfiir Molluskenkunde-105.
4. Chai, J. Y., 2009. Ecbinostones in humans. In: Fned B, Toledo R (eds) The biology of echinostomes. Spnnger, Heidelberg.
5. Chai, J Y., Shin, E. H., Lee, S. H, Rim, H J , 2009. Foodbome intestinal flukes in Southeast Asia. Korean J Parasitol 47;
S69-SI02.
6. De, N v., Muirell, K. D., Cong, L. D., Cam, P. D., Chau, L.V., 2003. The food-bome trematode zoonoses of Vietnam Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health 34: 12-34.
7 Dechruksa, W., Krailas, D., Ukong, S , Inkapatanakul, W., Koonchomboon, T., 2007 Trematode infections of the freshwater snail family Thiandae in the Khek River, Thailand, Southeast Asian. Journal of Tropical Medicine, 38: 1016-1028 8 Dung, B. T., Heniy, M, The, D T., 2010. Distribution of freshwater snails in family - based VAC ponds and associated
waterbodies with special reference to intennediate hosts of frsh-bome zoonotic trematodes in Nam Dinh Province, Vietnam, Acta Tropica, 116. 15-23.
9 Frandsen., Chnstensen., 1984. An mtroductory guide to the identifrcation of cercariae from African freshwater snails with special reference to cercanae of trematode species of medical and veterinary importance. Acta Tropica 41: 181-202.
10. Ginetsinskaya, T.A., 1988. Trematodes, their Life Cycles, Biology and Evoiutioa South Asia Books.
11 Giovanelli, A , da Silva, C. L. P A, C , Leal, G. B. C , Baptista, D. F., 2005. Habitat preference of freshwater snails in relation to environmental factors and the presence of the competitor snail Melanoides tuberculatus (Muller, 1774). Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, 100(2):169-176
12. Nkwen^lila, G. and Kigadye, E.S.R, 2005. Occurrence of digcnean larvae in freshwater snails in the Ruvu basin, Tanzania.
Tazania Journal of Science Vol. 31 (2) 2005: 23 - 30.
13. Pariyanonda, S , Tesana, S., 1990 Edible mollusc, the intermediate host of helminthes in Khon Kaen Province, Thailand", Srinagarind Medical Journal, 5; 159-172.
14. Pinto, H A., Melo, A. L., 2011. A checklist of trematodes (Platyhehninthes) transmitted by Melanoides tuberculata (Mollusca: Thiaridae). Zootaxa, vol. 2799: 15-28.
15. Schell, S.C., 1985. Trematodes of North America (North of Mexico), University Press of Idaho.
16. Tantrawatpan, C, Saijuntha, W., Sithithawom, R, Andrews, R. H., Petney, T. N., 2013 Genetic differentiation of Artyfechinostomum malqyanum and A sufrartyfex (Trematoda: Echmostomatidae) based on internal transcnbed space sequences. Parasitology Research 112: 437-441.
17. The, D.T., Pham, N.D., Dung, B.T., Madsen, H., 2005. Snail species involved as intermediate hosts of fishbome tremalodes (fbt) m Cuu Long river Delta,\^etnam, Department of Parasitology, Institute of Ecology and Biological resources (lEBR),
^^etnBm. Fishbome Zoonotic Parasites in Vietnam 6.
170 . TRUONG OAI HOC NHA TRANG
