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CAC YEU TO ANH HlTOfNG DEN THOI QUEN
©OC SACH C H U Y £ N NGANH CUA SINH VlfeN:
TRU^dNG U(fP TAI TRU'OfNG DAI HQC B A C H KHOA
THANH PHO H 6 CHi MINH
TS. Nguyin Thdy Quynh Loan' Vd Hodng Duy'
T6M TAT
Bdi bdo ndy trinh bdy nghien cuu ve thoi quen dgc sdch chuyen ngdnh cua sinh vien Thdnh pho Ho Chi Minh vd qua do xdc dink cdc yeu to dnh huang den thoi quen dgc sdch. Mo hinh nghien aht dugc dixudt gom co 8 nhdn to tdc dpng len thoi quen dgc sdch chuyen ngdnh ctia sinh vien Id gidng vien, sinh vien, moi tru&ng a nhd, moi tru&ng
& lap, moi truang a trucmg, moi truang xd hgi, moi truang the gioi do vd dgc diem tdi li^. V&i so mdu khdo sdt 503 sinh vien thugc Tntang Dgi hgc Bdch Khoa Thdnh pho Ho Chi Minh cho thdy thoi quen doc sdch cda sinh vien a mirc thdp vd co 5 yeu to tdc dgng coy nghia thong ke lin thoi quen dgc sdch chuyen ngdnh cua sinh vien Id gidng vien, sinh vien, moi truang & nhd, moi tntang & l&p, moi tntang xd hgi vd moi tnt&ng the giai do. Tir day. bdi viit de xudt hdm y qudn ly nhdm khuyen khich thoi quen doc sdch cda sinh vien.
ABSTRACT
This paper investigates students' reading habits of specialized books in Ho Chi Minh City, then determines the factors impacting on these reading habits. The research model is initiated with 8 factors affecting reading habits of students, suck as lecturer, students, home environment, classroom environment, school environment, social environment, virtual environment and materials. Th& research sample includes 503 students of Ho Cki Minh City, University of Technology. The data from survey demonstrates that the reading habits of students are at low level and 5 factors of lecturer, students, home environment, classroom environment, social environment and virtual environment have significant affects on students' reading habits of specialized books. From this result, some management implications are suggested to encourage the reading habits of students.
I.D^TVAN0fe sach chinh la mpt ngudn cung cap tri
"Dgc sdch khong phdi chi di thutmg *iJc quan trgng vi thi khdng dgc sach ngogn, md Id viec ldm ciia long yeu nu&c con ngudi se ty lam mai mgt tri thiic ciia dSpkdt triin ddt nuac vd hodn thi^n con minh. Mgt xa hgi dgc la mgt xa hgi thanh ngu&i. Dgc sdch Id thugc tinh cda mgt cdng, thdi quen dgc sdch cd the tgo ra mgt ddn tgc vdn hoa coy thiic" (Nguyen Xuan quoc gia dgc, qude gia dgc cd the tgo ra Xanh, 2012). Triet gia Francis Bacon da nhiing ngudn lyc cd ky nang ma cd thg tung phat bieu "Tri thuc la sue mgnh", dap ung su thay ddi va hgc hdi nhimg ky
' fAotf Qum ty Cong N^i^p. T^vmg Dai Ape Bich Khoa. DHQG TPHCM.
TAP CHI KHOA HOC T R U O N G DAI HOC M O TP.HCM - SO 2 (30) 2013 nang mdi, luc Iugng lao ddng ma nang
dgng, cd nang sual va iai nang trong nhieu linh vyc se xac dinh thanh tuu cua quoc gia (Yusof. 2010).
Su phat uidn vugt bac cua khoa hgc cdng ngh? da tao ra nhieu sy quan lam mdi va thoi quen mdi nhu xem phim nghe nhgc, nhan tin. chat va uuy cap mang xa hoi Facebook''^" bing dien thogi thdng minh (smartphone nhu iPhone"^", Blackberry^'"'.
Samsung"™,...). NhiJng mdi quan lam mdi da chi phdi nhung thdi quen truyen thdng ciia con ngudi. Trudc day tivi dugc xem nhu mdl nhan td chinh anh hudng den thoi quen dgc sach thi ngay nay sy lan tda cua Internet - email va mgng xS hgi cang lam giam thdi gian danh cho \'iec dgc sach.
Do dd, muc tigu cua bai bao nay la nghien ciru thoi quen doc sdch chuyin ngdnh cua sinh vien vd xdc dinh cdc yeu lo Idc dgng den thoi quen dgc sdch.
2. C O SO LY THUYET 2.1. Khai nifm
Theo Sangkaeo (1999), thdi quen dgc sach la hanh ddng dgc sach dugc lap di lap lai the hien sy ua thich va sd thich dgc ciJa ca nhan. Thdi quen dgc sach cung dugc djnh nghia la khu>'nh hudng hanh vi dgc da xac lap va dugc do bang so lugng tai IL?U dugc dgc va thdi gian danh cho viec dgc (Mngoma. 1997).
Trong nghien cuu nay, thdi quen dgc sAch dugc dinh nghia la sy lap di lap lgi hanh vi d^ac sach chuyen nganh cua sinh vien, dugc do bang thdi gian danh cho viec dgc hing ngay. sd lugng sach da dgc nam ngoai, va so lugng sach dang sd hflu ciia sinh vien.
Ddi vdi sinh vien dai hgc. sach chuyen nganh la tat ca nh&ng logi sach cua khdi kign Ihuc dai cuang (Toan, Ly, Hda. Trigt hgc, Chu nghia Xa hpi, Kinh tg Chinh trj. Tu tudng Hd Chi Minh,...), khdi co sd va cbuyen sau cua cac chuyen nganh dao tao. Khu vgy. sach chuyen nganh bao
gdm tat ca nhiing loai sach giao trinh, sach tham khao hoac tgp chi chuyen nganh.
Sach cd thg d dang sach in hogc sach dien tiJ (e-book).
2.2, C a c gia thuyet va mo binh nghien cihi
(a) Yeu to gidng vien
Giang vien dong vai trd quan trgng trong viec khuyen khich dgc sach d sinh vien (Hakan, 2011). Giang vien cd nhiem vu ldn trong viec truyen thdi quen dgc sach d sinh vien. Giang vien phai la mgt hinh m l u tdt cho sinh vien cua hg va phai nang cao kidn thdc cua minh thdng qua viec dgc (Wanjari & Mahakulkar, 2011). Nghien cuu McKool (2007) cho thay giang vien thuc day viec dgc sach ty nguyen thdng qua viec lim kiem va cung cap kien thdc de tiep can tai lieu. Theo Nathanson va cdng su (2008). giang vign cd anh hudng ldn ddi vdi nhiJng ngudi say me dgc sach, giang vien la ngudi (ao ra sy thay ddi glOa ngudi ham dgc sach va ngudi khdng ham dgc sach bang each de xuat sach dg dgc va chia se niem dam me dgc sach.
Sinh vign chgn sach theo yeu cau cua giang vign (-Al-Nafisah & Al-Shorman, 2011). Sinh vien dgc It vi giang vign va trg giang khdng thyc hien nhihig budc can thiet de nang cao thdi quen dgc cua sinh vien ma ciing khdng ap dung ky thuat da phuang tien vao bai giang de truygn thu kien thuc (Bratovic va cdng sy, 2010). Vi vay. nghien cOru dua ra gia thuyet:
HI. Gidng vien tdc dgng tich cue den thoi quen dgc sdch cua sinh vien.
(b) Yeu to sinh vien
Sy ty nhgn thuc cua sinh vien dugc chung minh cd mdi lien h? dgt miic y nghTa thdng ke vdi vige quyet djnh dgc sach cua sinh vien (McKool, 2007). Sinh vien dgc vi mong mudn nang cao kha nang ngdn nga, hgc them mdt cai gi dd, nang cao thanh tich hgc lap, cap nhat thdng tin
39 vg xa hOi. kinh te, van hda, khoa hgc va
sy phat uien chinh uj. nang cao dia vi ca nhan, cap nhgt thdng tin ve nhiing gi dang dien ra Uen the gidi va giai ui (Al-Kafisah
& Al-Shorman, 2010). Do dd. gia ihuygi dugc dua ra la:
H2: Ddc diem sinh vien tdc dong lich ci/c din thoi quen dgc sdch cda sinh vien
(c) Yeu td moi tru&ng xung quanh Mdi trudng xung quanh bao gdm cac ygu id vg gia dinh, d Idp. d trudng va xa hdi.
Moi tru&ng gia ^nk
Theo nghien cuu cua Natfianson va c0ng sy (2008). c6 bang chiing thdng kg cho rang bd me cd lam anh hudng mgnh me Uong vice tao ra nhung ngudi dgc hang hai. Gia dinh la cd vai trd cdt loi trong viec khuyen kiu'ch con tre dgc sach (Hakan.
2011). Sinh vien il dgc sach thudng d gia dinh it cd sy quan tam ddi vige dgc sach thap (Al-Nafisah & Al-Shorman. 2011).
Do dd, gia thuyet ciia nghien cuu la:
H3a: Mdi mt&nggia dinh tdc dgng tich cue den tlidi quen dgc sdch cua sinh vien.
Moi trucmg & ldp
Sinh vien thich dugc bgn be tdn trgng vi dgc sach, hay thich thao luan ve ngi dung cac logi sach da dgc (Hakan, 2011) la ygu td xay dyng gia ihuyet:
H3b: Mdi iru&ng a l&p tdc dgng tich cue den thoi quen dgc sdch cua sinh vien.
Moi tru&ng ff tru&ng
Nai cung cap tai lieu chinh cho sinh vien la thu vien trudng (Wanjari &
Mahakulkar. 2011). Mdi trudng thu vien anh huong den sy thich dui doc sach ngu thu vien tao cam giac thda man cho sinh vien khi sinh vign can giiip dd. Sy phan loai sach d thu vien cd tac ddng duong ddi vdi sy thich thii viec dgc. Da sd sinh vien cho rang sy phan loai cua thu vien giiip hg rat nhieu. Sy giup dd ciia
nhan vien thu vien la yeu td anh hudng manh Ign sy thich thu dgc ciia sinh vien (Nawarathne, 2012). Do dd, gia thuydt cua nghien cdxi la:
H3c: Mdi tru&ng & tru&ng ldc dong tich cue din thoi quen doc sdch cda sinh vien.
Moi tnr&ng xa hgi
Sinh vign khdng dgc nhieu vi ngudi xung quanh minh it dgc (Mokhtari va cgng sy. 2009) va thdi quen dgc sach sudt ddi la mdt qua trinh lien tuc, bat dSu d nha, dugc tang cudng mdt each cd he thdng d trudng hgc, va dugc giir gin Irong cudc ddi thdng qua mdi trudng van hda \ a anh hudng cua giao due cgng ddng va thu vien cdng cgng (Bamberger, 1975). Do do, gia thuyel ciia nghien cuu la;
H3d: Moi Iru&ng xd hgi (dc ddng tich cue din thoi quen dge sdch cua sinh vien.
Mdi tru&ng the gi&i do
Tac gia Oj^ewumi & Ebijuwa (2009) ket luan rang sinh vign khdng dgc nhigu \ i khdng cd thdi gian, thdi gian do dugc sinh vien dung de sd dung may tinh va Internet.
Theo tac gia Bratovic va cdng su (2010), da phuang tien dac biet la Internet dang yd thanh mdt phan quan trpng ciia cugc sdng sinh vien. Day la nhflng nhan td gdp phan hinh thanh gia thuygt:
H3e: Moi tru&ng the gi&i do tdc dgng tieu arc din ihoi quen doc sdch ciia sinh vien.
Dgc diem idi lieu
Theo Dokmen (1988), ly do sinh vien khdng dgc sach vi gia sach cao. Sach giao trinh tham khao cho sinh vien cd chii dg khd dgc, dung ngdn ngfl' khdng thdng dung va khdng cd sy phan chia yinh dp da lam giam thdi quen dgc sach d sinh vien trudng dgi hgc ky thuat (Smithies, 1983). Khd tim dugc sach cung la ygu td lam giam vi|c dgc d ngudi dan Nam Phi (South African book developmem council, 2006). Do dd, gia thuyet ciia nghign cuu la:
TAP CHi K-lOA HOC TRUONG BAI HOC M O IP.HCM - SO 2 (30) 2013
H4: Ddc diim ldi lieu ldc dgng lieu cvc din Ihoi quen doc sdch cua sinh vien.
Die Sim nhdn khiu hoc Nam 2006, tac gia Leff & Harper thuc hien khao sat thoi quen doc sach ciia sinh vien nganh Ihir ky > khoa cr Trucmg Dai hoc John Hopkins. KSt qua cho thiy sinh vien thu k> y khoa dpe sach trung binh 10,8 gio trong mot tuin va phan Ion thoi gian dimg ii doc sach true tuyen.
Nam 2009 khao sat thoi quen doc sach cua sinh v i & y khoa Tmcmg Dai hoc Y khoa King Saud, tac gia Soliman tim ra hang tuin sinh vien danh ra 4,5 gia de doc sach.
Theo khao sat cua Smith & Stahl (1999).
tdng th^ thai gian doc trung binh hang ngay ciia mot nguat Ion la 4,14 gia. Theo nghien cuu cua to chtrc NEA (2004), phu nir doc sach nhieu hon nam. Ket qua kiSm djnh ciia Kennedy (2008) ciing cho ring nit doc sach nhieu han nam. TL; do, nghi(:n cuu dua ra cac gia thuyet:
HSa: Cd sir khdc biil ve thdi quen doc sdch giira nhihtg khoa khdc nhau.
HSb: Cd su khdc biet ve thdi quen dfyc sdch giQa nhung sinh vien hgc a nhitng ndm khdc nhau.
HSc: Co su khdc biet ve thoi quen doc sdch giira nam vd nit.
Tir cac gia thuydt duac xay dung, de tii de xuat mo h b h nghien cuu dugc trinh biy trong Phy luc A.
3. PHlTONG PHAP NGHIEN CUtl 3.1. Mill
Doi tucmg nghidn cuu la sinh vien chinh quy tir nam thir nhat den nam cuoi cua 11 khoa trong Tnrong Dai hoc Bach Khoa Thanh ph6 H6 Chi Miith (DHBK TP.HCM).
3.2. Phirtmg p h a p Ihuc hi^n Nghien ciht dugc thuc hien qua hai phin: (1) Nghien cilu djnh tinh va (2) Nghien cuu dinh lugng.
Nghien ciru dinh linh dugc thtrc hien qua 2 giai doan: nghien ciju nhihig ly thuyjt/nghien ciiu trtrdc vS phong van sfiu.
Tir cac ly thuySl/nghien ctru u:trac, dc lai da
&e xuJt mo hinh nghien cuu dS dugc trinh Irong Phu luc A. Thong qua phong vin sau 5 sinh vien cua tnrcmg DHBK TRHCM bang cac cau hoi khong co cau TOC xac dinh cac cam nghl, nhan xet, lh4i dp, nhan thirc cua minh d6i vcri thoi quen dgc sach, va qua do giiip xay dimg va hi?u chinh cac bidn quan sat cho cac khai nicm trong mo hinh nghien ciiu. T i n g so bien quan sat la 51 bidn, trong do nhan t6 giang vidn (GV) CO 9 bien, dSc diem sinh vien (SV) co 11 biin, moi trucmg o nha (MTJN) co 4 bien, moi tnrang a lop (MT_L) co 3 bien, moi truong Cf trucmg (1V(T_T) co 3 bien, moi trucmg xa hpi ( M T X H ) co 5 bien, moi truong thi gioi ao (MT_AO) co 10 bien, dac hidm tai lieu (TL) co 3 bidn v4 thoi quen dgc sach (TQDS) co 3 bien quan sat.
Nghien ciru dinh luang: mau dugc thu thap thong qua lay m i u thuan tien bing bang cau hoi, Cac khii nidm nghidn CUTJ dugc do luang bang thang do v6\
nhidu bidn quan sat (multi-item scale) theo dang Likert 5 diem. Mau thu ve dugc diing dc danh gia thang do va kidm djnh cac gii thiet. Cac s6 li^u dugc xir ly bang phan mem SPSS phidn ban 15.0.
4. KET QUA NGHIEN ClTU 4,L M o t a mau
Vai 503 mau thu durgc. sinh vidn nam chiem 56,1% va sinh vien nii chiem 43,9%. Ty I? sinh vidn nam nhit la 12,2%, nam hai la 18,5%, nam ba la 29,6%, nam tu la 24,2% va nam cu6i la 15,4%. Ty 1?
sinh vidn giGa cac khoa tuong doi d6ng ddu, khoang tir 6,2% - 8,3%. Ricng co 3 khoa CO ty I? sinh vien kha nhidu hon l i Khoa Di?n-Dien tir (16.5%). Khoa Ky thu?t Hoa hgc (13,5%) v i Khoa Ca khi (12,3%). Thuc te, day cung l i cac khoa c6 so lugng sinh vicn Ion ciia truong.
4.2. Thdi quen dgc sach chuyen didj gian danh cho viec dgc hang ngay, nganh cua sinh vien DHBK TP.HCM so Iugng sach chuygn nganh da dgc nam Viec nghign cuu thdi quen dgc sach ngoai. va sd lugng sach dang sd hihi ciia chuyen nganh ciia sinh vien dugc do bing sinh vien.
Bang l.Tbbi gian doc sach chuyen nganb hSng ngay cua sinh vien DHBK TP.HCM Thai gian dgc
0-30 phiit 31-60 phiit 61-90 phut 91-120 phut
> 120 phiit
T y l e % 42 28 19 5 6
% tich liiy"
42 70 89 94 100 Theo Bang 1, ty 1? sinh vien danh thdi
gian dgc sach chuyen nganh kha thap, phan ldn thdi gian dgc it hon 60 phiil (chiem 10%). Trong dd, ti le sinh vien dgc sach hang ngay nhd han 30 phiit chidm ti 1^ cao nhat (42%). Khi so sanh vdi nhflng nghign cuu da thyc hign cho thay sinh vign DHBK TP.HCM danh it thdi gian dgc sach ban so vdi nhihig sinh vien d cac irudng khac tren the gidi. Theo nghien cuu ciia Lone (2011) sinh vign d thung lung Kashmir, An Do dgc 1,9 gid/ngayva theo Mokhtari va cdng sy (2009) sinh vien mien trung tay Hoa
Ky cd thdi gian dgc sach de hgc 2,17 gid/
ngay. Theo quy dinh cua Trucmg DHBK TRHCM, moi mdn hgc deu cd it nhal mdl quyen sach giao trinh lign quan. Dieu nay chiing td sinh vien it dgc sach khdng phai vi thieu sach giao lrinh. Cac ban sinh vign cho rang hg chi can dgc la bai giang ciia giang vien la du vi bai giang da dugc sogn day du ndi dung ciia mdn hgc. Do do, hg nhgn thay khdng can thiet phai tdn thgm thdi gian dgc giao uinh hoac tai lieu tham khao ciia mdn,hgc.
Bing 2. So lugmg sach chuydn nganh da d^c nam ngoai S6 lugng sach
0-5 quydn 6-10 quydn 11-15 quyen 16-20 quydn
> 20 quydn
Ty 1? % 47 30 13 6 4
% tich lily 47 77 90 96 100 Theo Bang 2, t>' Ie sd lugng sach sinh
vien dgc nam ngoai it hon 5 quydn chiem da sd (47%), kg ligp li tii 5 den 10 quyen (30%). Theo sy phan logi thdi quen dgc
sach cua td chuc NEA (2004), Hoa K^ thdi quen dgc sach dugc chia theo sd lugng sach da dgc trong mdt nam. Ngudi dgc cd thg chia thanh 4 nhdm theo thdi quen dgc
•AP CH' <HOA HOC TRUdNS DAI HOC MO TRHCM-SO 2 (30)2013 sach nbu sau: dgc gia it dgc sach (I -5 quyen
sichnaro), dpe gii dgc sach vita phii (6-11 quydn sachnam), dgc gii thuang xuyen dgc sich (12-49 quydn sich/nim). dgc gii say me dgc sach (tren 50 quydn sach/nim).
Tir khio sit s6 lugng sach da dgc nam ngoai. phin ldn sinh vidn DHBK TP.HCM la nhom nguai it dgc hoac chi li nhom dgc sach vira phii, smh vidn DHBK TP.HCM thuimg xuyen dgc sich chidm ti Id rit nho.
M6i hgc ky sinh vien hoc tnmg binh 5 mon hgc ly thuydt, moi mon hgc
c6 it nhit mgt quydn sich giao trinh dugc chi dinh boi giang vien nhtmg voi ti If dgc hidn nay thd hien sinh vidn DHBK TP.HCM il dgc sich chuyen nginh hoic ndu CO ciing chi dgc nhtrng sach dugc chi dinh. Rit it sinh vidn dgc tap chi chuyen nganh (chidm 15%), trong khi co ddn 81% sinh vien chgn dgc bii giing ciia giang vien. 77% sinh vidn chpn dgc giio trinh vi 61% dgc ghi chep trdn lop ciia minb, 53% sinh vidn chgn dgc tii lifu tham khio.
Bang 3. S^ lirgng sach chuyen ng^nh dang sg hull So lugng sich
0-10 quydn 11-20 quydn 21-30 quydn 31-40 quydn
> 40 quydn
Ty Id % 37 29 19 7 8
% tich liiy j 37 1
66
1
85
92 1 100 1 Then Bang 3, ty I? sinh vign sd
hflu sach dudi 10 quyen chiem cao nhat (36,6%), trong 10 quyen sach nay da bao gdm it nhat 5 quyen sach dang hgc d hgc kj- nay va nhung sach cdn Igi cd the la sach ciia hgc k>' trudc cdn lgi cd gia tri tham kh3o. Ty le sinh vioi dang sd hiru sd sach tren 10 qu>'gn kha thap. Thyc te, sau khi hgc xong sinh vien khdng gii* lai sach de tiep tgc iham khao va hg chi gii} nhimg quygn sach lien quan den hgc k>' dang hgc. Ngoai ra, sinh vien cdn cho rang sach giao uinh gia cao (64%) va ngi dung khd doc (57%) nen hg khdng giu Igi dg tham khao. Sinh vien thudng dimg sach mugn ciia nhiitig anh chi khda tren sau khi hgc
xong tra lgi hoac cac ban cu mua nhung sau khi hgc xong cac ban tgng hoac ban lgi cho nhOng hgi thu mua sach cQ d trudng.
Ngoai ra, sinh vien hgc d DHBK TP.HCM chu yeu d irg nen khdng glan de cd the trfl sach it va sinh vidn cho rang khi can cd ihg len thu vien mugn de tham khao nen khdng can phai sd hihi hay dl d nha hogc noi d trg. Chinh nhung Iy do lam cho sinh vien sd hiru sd sach chuyen nganh thap.
4.3. Phin tich dg tin c^y Khi phan tich do tin cay cua cac nhan to, cac biln quan sat cd he sd tuotig quan bien tong (item-total correlation) nhd hon 0,30 s6 bi loai va tieu chuan chgn thang do khi cdhe sd Cronbach Alpha tir 0.60 trd ten.
KlNHTf
Bang 4. Ket qua phan tich do tin cay Nhanto
GV (9 bidn) SV (6 bidn) M T N (4 bidn) MT L (3 bidn) MT_T(3bien) MT XH (5 bidn) MT_AO (7 bidn) TL(3bidn) TQDS (3 bidn)
Cronbach Alpha Tirang quan biin - t6ng
^ 1 (nun - max)
0,827 0,425-0,611 0,762
0.763 0,760 0,697 0,665
0,404 - 0,586 0,403 - 0,650 0,546-0.656 0,443 - 0.575 0,384-0,519 0.761 i 0,329-0,573 0,659
0,717
0.404-0,556
0,433 - 0,628 1 Ket qua phan tich (Bang 4) cho thay
nhan td dac diem sinh vien (SV) bi loai 5 bien va con lai 6 bien; nhan id mdi trudng dig gidi ao (MT_AO) bj loai 3 bien va cdn lgi 7 bign. Cac nhan td khac cd sd bien khdng thay ddi.
4.4. Phan ticb nban to EFA Khi phan tich nhan to EFA, cac bign CO he sd tai nhan td nhd hon 0,5 trong EFA se bi loai. Nhan td dgt yeu cau cd he sd KMO ldn hon 0,5. phirang sai Uich ldn han 50% va hp sd Eigenvalues ldn hon 1.
De thang do dgt gia tri phan bidt sy khac biet gifla he sd tai giira cac n h ^ td phai ldn han hogc bang 0,30. Phan tich nhan
td EFA dung phuang phap uich xuat hg sd principal components vdi phep quay varimax.
Kgt qua phan tich dgt yeu cau vg mat thdng ke, cu thg KMO la 0,76, phuong sai trich la 64,3%, he sd Eigenvalues la 1,062.
Sau khi loai 14 bien khdng dgt ygu cau, 9, nhan td dugc hinh thanh tir 26 bien quan sat. Sau khi phan tich EFA, timg nhdm nhan td mdi tiep tuc phan u'ch dg tin c3y dgu cho ket qua Cronbach Alpha ldn hon 0.6. Nhung nhdm bign mdi hinh thanh dgt ygu cau thdng ke ve do tin cay de liep tyc phan tich hdi quy (Bang 5).
Bang 5. Ket qua phan tich nhan to Bidn
GVl GV2 GV3 GV9 SV4 SV7 SV8
He so lii 1
0,67 0,79 0,78 0,62
2
0,73 0,83 0,82
3 S 4 5
i
6 7 8
1 1
1
TAP CHI KHQA HOC TRUONG SAJ HQC M d TP.HCM - SO 2 (30) 2013
MT_N3 MT N4 MT N5 MT L7 MT L8 MT L9 MT TIO MT_T11 MT_TI2 MT_XH13 MT XH14 ' MT XH15 MT_XH16 MT_A021 MT_A022 MT_A023 TLI TL2 TL3 Cron- bach
Alpha 0.73 0,79 0,86 0,87 0,76
0,82 0,79
I
0,76
0,63 0,67 1 ! 0,74 1 1 0,68
0.79 0,76 0,65 0,69 0,80 0,80
0,70 0,67 0,81 0,78 0,66
0,62 0,86 0,69
0,70 4.5. Phan tich hoi quy da bien va kgt qua cd 6 trong 8 nhan td ciia De xac nhan cac nhan td tac dgng len "^o ^ ' " ^ ^ac ddng dgn thdi quen dgc sach thdi quen dgc sach ciia sinh vign, nghien cua sinh vign (Bang 6).
ciru tign hanh kiem dinh md hinh hdi quy
Ban£ 6. Ket qua phan tich hoi quv
Coefficitnw
Model 1 (Caisum)
(SV)aanBwen 15V) Sinh van
!UT_MHA)Steitn«ftBonha (MT_LOP) Mft t-ujng • top (WT_TfiUO'«; Mw Biionfl o Iruong (UT_XH]Moi PuonB xa ho (MT_*0) Md truooB !he gm ao (TG MEW*) Thoi (pan 5J diaig pfwong lien thong tn hien dai
(TLI Oac tem ta heu
a. Dependent VanaUe Pui quen doc s a * wa sinh LnElandardzed
Co^cients B -002
123 .150 .101 DM -.0^1 .166 -.091
.02C vien
SW ETOI .0*6 C46 .045 046 .046 .046
046
046 Standan^zed
Coefftoer.t*
Bela
.122 .148 099 082
.057 .020
1 -.038 2.590 3 252
1.486 .430
.136
KINHT^ 45 Md hinh cd he sd R = 0,301 va he
sd R^hi?u chinh = 0,078. Kiem dinh gia tfiuyet vg dd phO hgp cfia md hinh: F = 7,323 vdi muc y nghTa quan sat dugc 0,000; chung td su ket hgp cac bign hien CO traig md hinh cd the giai thich dugc su thaj' ddi ciia thdi quen dgc sach cua sinh vien va md hinh xay dung phii hgp ve mat thdng ke vdi tap du lieu.
Tir kgt qua phan iich hdi quy, ihdi quen dgc sach bi anh hudng nhieu nhat !a tii mdi tnt&ng xd hgi (P = 0,164). Ygu td nay tac dgng thdng qua sir cd mgt cua thu vign cdng cgng, nha sach d gan noi sdng cua smh vien va mye dich den thu vien.
Dieu nay tao ngn cam giac tran ngap sach xung quanh sinh vien va cam thiy xung quanh minh cd nhigu ngudi dgc sach dd la yeu to thuc day mong mudn di den thu vien de tim kigm ho§c dgc sach.
Ddc diem sinh viin la yeu to tac ddng tich cue thu hai tac ddng len thdi quen dgc sach cOa sinh vign (P = 0,147). Dac diem smh vien thg hien bang nhan thiic cua sinh vien ve su can thigt cua viec dgc sach chuyen nganh, mye dich sinh vign dgc sach de nang cao kign thuc va thu thap thdng tin cho viec hgc. Ket qua nay ung hg kel lugn ciia McKool (2007), sy ty nhgn thuc cua ngudi dgc chiing minh mdi lien he cd y nghta vg mat thdng ke den viec quyet dinh dgc sach cua dgc gia.
Gidng vien (P = 0,122) tac dgng len thdi quen dgc sach cua sinh vign thdng qua S(i khuyen khich va thdc day sinh vien dgc sach, sy hudng dan va giup dd sinh vien dgc sach chuyen nganh, sy chia sg kign thuc va niem dam mg dgc sach va sy gidi thieu nhifng sach ngoai phgm vi mdn hgc dg dgc tham khao. Ket lugn nay ung hg kgt qua ciia nhidu nghien ciiu nhu Hakan (2011), Nathanson va c^ng sy (2008), McKool (2007).
Moi tnr&ng & nhd (P ^ 0,099) ciing la mgt yeu td tac dgng dgn thdi quen dgc sach ciia sinh vign bang thdi quen dgc sach
ciia bd - me va sy khuyen khich cua bd me dgc sach cua sinh vien. Ket qua nay ung hd ket qua cua Lone (2011) va McKool (2007) cho rang gia dinh (bd, me) cd tim quan trgng trong vi?c khuyen khich viec dgc sach ty nguyen.
Moi tru&ng & l&p (^ = 0.092) anh hudng Ign thdi quen dgc sach cua sinh vien thdng qua su gidi thieu, su khuyen khich va Ihao luan ve nhQng gi dirge hgc va dgc d trudng. Day la nhan td mdi dugc dua vao md hinh va da tao ra anh hudng tich cyc den thdi quen dgc sach. Tuy nhien muc do anh hudng cua bien nay trong md hinh thap.
Moi tru&ng thi gi&i do (fl = - 0.090) tac ddng tieu cyc lam giam thdi quen dgc sach chuygn nganh cua sinh vien. Sinh vien dugc khao sat cho rang hp thudng diJng Internet de tim kiem thdng tin, kiem tra email, trd chuyen tren mang, vio nhiing mang xa hgi hon la dgc e-book hay tgp chi chuygn nganh vi da phan cac tai Heu nay bang tieng Anh cd ngi dung kha dai va tuong ddi khd dgc. Kgt qua nay.ung hg kgt lugn cua Edem & Ofre (2010) sinh vign thich dimg Internet hon vi nd san cd thdng tin, dugc cap nhat thudng xuyen, iugng thdng tin ldn, tiet kiem thdi gian tim kiem va de truy cap, sy san cd cau tra ldi cua Internet khuyen khich sinh vien tu bd dgc sich, Internet cung cap thdng tin nhanh hon khi tra ciiu mye lyc s^ch nhung Internet sg iam giam thdi gian dgc ciia sinh vien. Kgt qua nay cung ung hd kgt lugn cua Oyewumi & Ebijuwa (2009) sinh vien khdng dgc nhigu vi khdng cd thdi gian, thdi gian dd dugc sinh vien dung de sii dung may tfnh va Inlemet.
Miic dg giai thich md hinh thap chi d miic 7,8% la mdt ket qua bit ngd ngoai mong dgi cua nghien ciiu. Vdi d& lieu thu thap dugc (503 mSu) va ket hgp phong van sau sinh vign cho thSy mgt phan nguygn nhan cd thg do sinh vien it danh thdi gian de dgc sach chuygn nganh (Bang 1), sd
TAP CHI KHOA HQC T R U O N G DAI HQC M 6 TRHCM - SO 2 (30) 2013
sach sinh vign dgc nam vira qua thap (Bang 2) va sd sach chuyai nganh sinh vien dang sd huu cung dmiic ihap (Bang 3). Thyc te, sinh vign chi dgc bai giang va cac ghi chep ciia minh. Kgt qua nay iing hg ket luan, tai lieu sinh vien dgc nhidu nhAt la bai giang va ghi chep ciia minh (Edem & Ofre, 2010), sinh vign nhin manh vao nhirng ghi chii va bai giang tren ldp quan ugng ban cho bai kiim tra (Braguglia. 2006), muc dich dgc cua sinh vign la de vugt qua ky ihi nen hg thich dgc nhiing ghi chii va bai giang tren ldp hon la dgc sach (Nawarathne, 2012).
Ket qua nghiai ciiu cho thay 70% ky su.
cii nhan tuang lai dgc sach chuygn nganh khdng qua 60 phiit ragt ngay la mdt thyc tg dang suy ngim cho phuang phap day va hgc hien nay.
4.6. Kiem dinh sif khac biet ve thoi quen doc sach
Nghien ciiu diing phan U'ch phuong sai mdt yeu td (One-way Anova) de kigm djnh sy khac biel phuang sai thdi quen dgc sach cua nhiing nhdm ichac nhau va kiem dinh phi tham sd Kruskal - Wallis dugc dung dg kiem dinh thdi quen dgc sach cua nhung nhdm sinh vien cd phuang sai khdng ddng nhat.
Kgt qua kiem dinh tinh ddng nhal ve phucmg sai cua thdi quen dgc sach giiia 11 khoa khac nhau, giira 5 nhdm sinh vien hgc d nhihig nam khac nhau, va giOa 2 nhdm gidi tinh cd muc y nghTa quan sat Sig. <
0,05. Dieu nay thg hien phuong iai giiia cac nhdm khdng ddng nhat. do dd kigm dinh phi tham sd Kruskal - Wallis da dugc diing trong phan tich tiep theo.
So sdnh thoi quen dgc sdch cua nhirng sinh vien hgc giita cdc khoa
Kei qua kiem dinh Kruskal - Wallis cua 11 nhdm sinh vien hgc d nhung khoa khac nhau cd muc y nghia quan sat 0,021
< 0,05 (Phu luc B) ngn 11 nhdm sinh vign dang hgc d cac khoa khac nhau cd thoi quen dgc sach khac nhau. Gia thuydl
HSa dugc chap nhan. Khi phan tich gia tri trung binh cho thay sinh vien Khoa Ky thugt Xay dyng va Khoa Co khi cd thdi quen dgc sach cao nhat, sinh vign Khoa Mdi trudng cd thdi quen dgc sach it nhat. Khoa Xay dyng va khoa Co khi la hai khoa ldn, lau dai va ciing vdi viec cac khoa nay cd mdi quan he vdi nhieu trudng ban ygn the gidi nen thudng xuyen tigp nhan dugc ngudn tai ]i?u chuygn nganh phong phii va cap nhgt.
Ngoai ra, do dac thvi cdng nghe Ca khi va cdng nghe Xay dyng khdng cd thay ddi gi ldn vg mat cdng nghe ngn nhigu tai lieu cu vin dugc sir dung. Do cd ngudn sdch giao trinh va tai lieu tham khao day du. ngn t>' lc sinh vien dgc sach d cac khoa nay cao hon han cac khoa khac (Mean Rank [Co khi] - 276,05, Mean Rank [Xay dung] =276,41).
Khoa cd thdi quen dgc sdch thap nhit la Khoa Mdi trudng (Mean Rank [Mdi uudng] = 181.08) vi khoa Mdi trudng la mdt khoa tre mdi thanh lap nam 1999, sy thigu hut giao trinh cd the la nguyen nhan ciia viec sinh vign Khoa Mdi irudng it dgc sach.
So sdnh tbdi quen dgc sdch cda sinh vien theo ndm hgc
Ket qua kidm dinh Kruskal - Wallis cua 5 nhdm sinh vign hgc d nhung nam khac nhau cd mirc y nghTa quan sat 0,000
< 0.05 (Phu luc C) nen 5 nhdm sinh vien khac nhau cd thdi quen dgc sach khac nhau. Gia thuyet HSb dugc chap nhan.
Phan tich gia tri trung binh cho thay thdi quen dgc sach cua sinh vien tang dSn theo nam hgc. Sinh vien dgc sach tang dan theo nam vi cang hgc len va cang di sau vao chuyen nganh, viec ly hgc tu nghien Cliu cua sinh vien cang ddng vai trd quan trgng, sd sach sinh vien tich liiy cang nhigu, sd Iugng sach sinh vien dang dgc cang cao nen smh vien nam thii 4 la sinh vign cd thdi quen dgc sach nhieu nhat.
So sdnh thoi quen ^c sdch theo gi&i tinh
Kgt qua kigm dinh Kruskal — Wallis cua 2 nhdm ^di tinh ve thdi quen dgc sach cd miic ^ nghTa quan sat Sig. = 0,378 >
0,05 (Phu luc D) cho thay khdng cd sy khac biet cd y nghta thdng ke cua thdi quen dgc sach giiia sinh vign nam va
sinh vien nii. Gia thuygt H5c bi bac bd.
Sinh vien DHBK TRHCM ca nam va nu cd thdi quen dgc sach la nhu nhau. Kgt qua nay khdng iing hg cac ket luan cua Kennedy (2008), KEA (2004), Pehlivan va cdng su (2010) cho rang nii dgc sach nhigu han nam.
Ket qua kiem dinh gia thuylt Bang 7. Ket qua kiem dinh gia thuyet
Gia thuyet HI H2 H3a H3b H3c H3d H3c H4 HSa HSb HSc
Miic y nghTa 0.007 0.001 0.029 0,043 0.368 0,000 0.049 0.660 0,021 0.000 0 J 7 8
Ketqua Chap nhan Chap nhan Chap nhan Chap nhan_
Bac ho Chap n h ^ j Chap nhan i
B i c ho Chap nhan Chap nhan Bac bo
Ket qua kiem dinh cac gia thuyet d Bang 7 eho thay cac gia thuyet HI, H2, H3a, H3b, H3d, va H3e dugc chSp nhan.
Dieu nay giai thich rang cac yeu td giang vien, dac didm sinh vien, mdi uudng d nha, d ldp, xa hdi va the gidi ao cd tac ddng den thdi quen dgc sdch ciia sinh vign.
Cac gia thuyet HSa, HSb ciing dugc chap nhgn, nghia \i cd sy khac biet ve thdi quen dgc sach chuygn ngdnh ciia sinh vien giiia cac khoa va giiia cac nam hgc.
5. KET LUAN
Nghign Cliu nay cho thay thdi quen dgc sach chuydn ngAnh ciia sinh vien cdn thap. Sinh vign it dgc sach chuyen nganh vi ngi dung sach khd dgc, phong each viel sach chuyen nganh khd khan, khdng
cd ngudi hudng dan each dgc, hogc mdn hgc khdng cd yeu cau bat budc phai dgc.
Bai giang tren ldp ciia giang vien la su lya chgn hang dau ciia sinh vien khi dgc vi viec hgc. Ngi dung ciia bai giang da tdm tat dugc ngi dung cua giao Uinh cting nhu mdn hgc, cung cap qua day du Ihdng tin ngn sinh vign khdng cdn dgng lyc dg dgc sach chuyen nganh. Da sd sinh vien DHBK TP.HCM hang ngay chi danh ra mgt gid de dgc sach chuyen nganh phuc vu cho viec hgc, trong do ti ie sinh vien dgc sach dudi 30 phut/ngay chiem ti lg cao nhat.
Thdng qua phan lich dg tin cay Cronbach Alpha, phan ti'ch nhan td kham pha EFA va phan tich hdi qu>^ da bien cho thay giang vien, sinh vien, mdi trudng d
48 "AP CHf KHOA HOC TT^UCiNS PAI HQC M 6 T P . H C M - 5 0 2 (SCQ 2013
nha, mdi trudng d ldp, mdi truong xa hdi la nhiing yiu l6 tac dgng tich cyc ldn thdi quen dgc sach ciia sinh vign va mdi trudng the gidi ao la nhan td anh hucmg tieu cyc d&i thdi quen dgc sach ciia sinh vign. Trong cac nhSn td dd. mdi trudng xa hdi cd tac ddng manh nhat. Tir day, nghign Cliu dua ra mdt sd ham y quan ly nhu sau;
Doi v&i xd hgi, cac nha xuat ban, ca quan truyen thdng va. nha nudc can bat tay hgp siic cd vii cho vige dgc sdch. Cac nha xuit ban ciin cd trach nhiem trong viec chgn sach xuat ban la nhiing cudn sach hay va tot, khdng chgy theo viec xuat ban nhiing logi sach thi trudng cd hai cho nhin thiic ctia ngudi dgc. Cac nha xuat ban nen thudng xuyen cd nhitng chuong trinh ting sach cho giang vien va sinh vign, cd cac chuong trinh khuyen mai sach dg giam gia sach dg kfch thich mua sach, ihiet ke lgi kich thude sach phii hgp vdi viec di chuyen va mang theo de bat cu luc nao cung cd sach trong ngudi de dgc trong thai gian rSnh rdi. phat hanh sach dien tu sgng hanh cimg sach in, sach di^n ti> cd thg mang theo bat ky dau ngu cd dioi thogi thdng minh (smartphone).
Doi vai vai trd cda gia dinh, tinh yeu vdi sach va nigm dam md dgc sach can dugc khoi ngucn manh me, khich If va ddng vign cua cac thanh vign trong gia dinh. Cha me can hudng dan con each dgc, each chgn sach, rgn luyen tre em cd thdi quen dgc sach tir khi cdn tha bg. Bd m?
nen danh thdi gian dgc sach cho tre em khi cdn nhd, dgc sach cling con khi con da ldn, khi da ldn hon nua can khuygn khich dgc
sach va khuyen khich con ty chgn sach mdt each cd djnh huong de dgc.
Doi v&i giang vien, nen danh cho minh thdi gian ty phat trien thdi quen dgc sach, can trd thanh tam guong dgc sach dg sinh vign noi theo. Sach chuyen nginh 1^ thugt la logi sach khd va khd khan. Giang vien nen cd chien luge hudng dan va giup do rd rang cac sinh vien trong qua trinh ch;^
sach, dgc sach va nghien cuu sach. Giang vien can chia se Iddn thuc va niem dam me dgc sach ciia minh vdi sinh vign, cd thg gidi thi?u nhihig quyen sach ngoai chuong tiinh nhung hay va thich hgp cho sinh vien \'ixa dg kich thich tri td md vira de kgu ggi niem dam me dgc sach cua sinh vien.
Md hinh ket qua chi giai thich dugc 7,8% dg bign thien cua thdi quen dgc sach chuyen nganh cua sinh vign DHBK TPHCM la mgt hgn chg cua nghidn ciiu.
Khi xay dyng thang do thdi quen dgc sach, nghien cum nay chii yeu dya vao cac nghien ciiu d nudc ngoai, do vay phan nao chua phan anh dung thyc lg ciia sinh vien d Viet Nam.
Viec hieu chinh thang do thdi quen dgc sach cua sinh vign trong cac nghien ciiu tiep theo sg giup gia tang muc do giai thich cua md hinh. Ngoai ra, nghign ciiu nay mdi chi thyc hi^n khao sat trong gidi hgn sinh vien trudng DHBK TP.HCM, do do can phai cd them nh&ng nghien ciiu thdi quen dgc sach chuygn nginh cua nh&ng trudng dgi hgc khac trong nhdm ky thuat va phi ky thuat dg cd ca sd so sanh, danh gia va phan tich thdi quen dgc sach ciia sinh vien dgi hgc TP.HCM.
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Phu luc A: Md hinh nghien coru
«r<l>fcn«>ta<u
I ->.«•.»,- - ""I
KINHT6 51 Phy luc B: Ket qua phan tich Kruskal-Wallis H cna thai qnen dfc sich giva
nhfrng sinh vien dang hoc or nhihng kboa khdc nhau
Khoa dan= hoc n i a i quen doc
sach cua smh vie
Khoa Khoa hoc va Ky thirat Mgy tinh
"^ Khoa Ky thual Hoa hoc lOMaCokhi Khoa Ky thual Xay dung Khoa Own - Dien tu K'Kia Khoa hoc Ung dung Knoa Quan ^ Cong N g h l ^ Khoa Moi truong Khoa D e chat Dau khi Khoa Ky thuat Giao thong Khoa Cong r^he Vat Beu Total
N 31 6?
S 37 S3 X 37
m
31 31 41 488
Mean Rank 252.56 246.40 276 05 276.41 263 34 258 45 224.27 181.08 196.97 255-71 214 9S
Chl-Square Asymp Sig.
Thot quen doc sach CUB sirti nen 21015
10 021 ).KfuskalWsnsTesl
b. Grouping Vanable Khoa dang hoc
Phu luc C: Ket qua phSn tich Kruskal - Wallis cQa thoi quen doc sach gi&a nhirng sinh vien cd n^m hoc khic nhau
Ranks Nam danq hoc Thoi quen doc
sach cua sinh vien Nam nhat Nam 2 Nam 3 Nam 4 Nam cuoi Total
N S9 ED 145 120 75 489
M « m Rank 205.71 206 27 24018 282.18 272.22
Test 5t^lstic9J>
Thoi quen doc sach cua sinh vien
a. Kru^BlWaBisTest b Grouping Wnable r<fam oang hoc
TAP CHf KHOA HOC TRUONG BAI HOC M 6 TPHCM - SO 2 (30) 2013 PhD luc D: Ket qua phSn tfch Kruskal - Wallis cua thoi quen doc sach gifra nhirDg sinh vieu nam va nfr
Gioitinh Thoi quen doc sach cua sinh vien
NJ Nam Total
N 219 280 499
M e a n R a t k 243.58 255.02
Test Statfstic^A 1 Thoi quen doc sach cua smh vien Chi-Square
t f Asymp. Sig.
.779 1 376 a Kniskal VifeUis Test
b Grouping Vanablff Gioi tmh
(Ngdy nhgn bdi: 04/09/2012; Ngdy chap nhdn dang: 19/01/2013).
