NGHIEN CUrUTHI/CTIEN GlAO DUC
To chufc hoat cTpng hpc tap trai nghiem trong day hpc mon Hoa hpc 11 tai cac triToing trung hpc phd thong cua Quan 9, Thanii phd Ho Chi iVIinh
DUdng Thi Kim Oanh', LUThi Kim Ciic'
,T« „ „ o . „ u - , . . imikl-.Sa phit Irien manh me ve khoa hoc, ki thuat vicing ngh$ 1^0 s S t v ^ S g ' i S T S ' ' ' " ' ^ ^ " " " ' ^ ' " ' " ^ ninnhi;ngcahgivilhiehthdcdonvdisudSimdig.iodgct,iVm^^
Thanh pho H6 Chi Minfi, Viet Nam W9/1/ quyet sd 29- NQ/TW nhin m?nh vigc ting cUdng t6 chdc ho^l Email: oanhdtkigiicmute.edu vn ddng hgc tap trii nghiem Irong day hgc de phit triin ning lUc cho hpc ' Truclng Tmng hoc pho thflng Long TrUclng s/nh. Td dd, giup hgc sinh thich dng vdi bdi cinh mdi. Hda hgc 11 li mdn 309 Vo van Hat, Quan 9, Th^nh pho Ho CM Minh, Viet Nam khoa hoc thUc nghiem cung cip nhdng tri thdc khoa hgc cd bin v4 hda Email. [email protected] vn hgc trong tu nhien vi ddi sing. sU biin doi cOa cic chit va dng dgng
cOa Chung trong thuc tien. Vi viy, to chdc hogt ddng hgc t$p trii nghi$m trong day hgc mdn Hda hgc 11 khdng chi gin kiin thCfc li thuyit vdi Uiijc tiin ma cdn giup hgc sinh phit trien cic kT ning chuydn biit cua mdn hgc nhu kTning thUc hinh thi nghiem, kTnang v$n dgng tn thdc hda hpc vio tim hiiu vi giii quyit vin de thuc tien. Di tS chdc hoat ddng hpc tip trii nghiem trong day hgc mdn Hda hgc 11 tgi cic trddng trung hpc phS thdng cda Quin 9, Thanh pho Hd Chi Minh, bit viit xie dfnh khii nigm boat dgng hgc tap trii nghiim mdn Hda hgc 11, cic d^ng ho^t ddng hgc tip trii nghlim mdn Hda hgc 11 vide xuat quy trinh tSchOc hogt dgng hgc tap trii nghiem trong day hgc mdn Hda hgc 11. Bdn c^nfi dd, bii viit trinh biy 01 vi dg minh hga vgn dung quy trinh tS chdc /109/
ddng hgc tip trii nghigm "Lim sgch c$n d diy im dun nudc Idu ngiy"
khidaybaihgc "Axit cacboxyllc". Kitqui tS chdc tS chdc hogt ddng hgc t$p trii nghigm trong dgy hgc mdn Hda hgc 11 tgi trudng Trung hgc phS thdng Long TrUdng, Quin 9, Thinh phi Hi Chi Minh cho thiy, kTnSng thuc hinh thinghldm vi kTning vin dgng tri thdc hda hgc vio tim hiiu vi giii quyit vin di tht/c tiin cua hgc sinh da dUgc phit triin.
Tlf K H 6 A : Tr^i nghiem; hoc tap t r i i nghiem; hoat d^ng hpc t | p t r i i nghi^ni m&n H6a hgc 1 1 ; to chDic hoat dgng hgc t | p t r i i nghiem mfln H6a hpc ldp 1 1 . -> Nhan bSi 13/4/2020 -> Nhan bi\ 6a chinh siJa 10/5/2020 -• Duy?t dang 15/6/2020,
1. D§t vSn d e hanh va lam dupe cae thi nghipm hoa hpc. Mac dii da Tu tucmg ve hpc qua hai nghipm bat ngu6n tir Triet co sy d6i mai vk phucmg phap day hpc theo hucmg tich hpc Nho giao phuang Dong. Kh6ng Tir (551- 479 TCN) eye hoa hoat d^ng hpc tap ciia HS song phuong phip da khang dinh y nghia va gia tri cua "hpc qua lam" bang thuyet frinh va dam t h o ^ (tai hipn) vSn dupe ap d p g phdt bieu: "Nhiing gi toi nghe, toi se quen. Nhung gi ^h^ thuang xuyen trong day hpc mon Hoa hpc 11 t^i cic toi thay, toi se nha. NhOng gi toi lam, toi se hieu" Tu ^ ^ ^ ^ j ^ ^ ^ j ^ . ^^ ^^^^^ cua Qu§n 9, Thanh tudng nay da d§t nen mong cho nhiing nghien cim hien
dai ve gia tri hpc tap qua trai nghiem tai su phat trien pho Ho Chi Minh. Vai cac phuang phap d?y hpc niy, s 1 • ' • I.- i^' u . j ^ u . - \J-- L - HS thucmg hpc thupc long phucmg dinh phan linE hoSc nang l\rc cua ca nhan. Cac hoat dpng hpc tap trai nghiem , , . 7 , ,Z^r^ •• uu. puou u ^ (HDHTTN) thuc dky tinh tich eye, chu dpng cua hoc ' ^ " '"y^" ^ ' " ^ S (KN) giai bai tip va it co dieu kipn ren sinh (HS) trong qua trinh kham pha tti thirc moi. tu kign ' " ^ ^ ^ *^^.^ ^ ^''"y^" *"?* ""^ ™«" Hoa hpc. Thyc tr?ng tao kinh nghipm cho ban than. °^y '^•en KN thuc hanh thi nghipm, KN v^n dyng tri
Hoa hpc U la mon hpc th^rc nghiem khong chi cung ^y'^ ^^^ ^9^ vao tim hieu va giai quy^t vin dk cua th^rc cap nhihig tii thirc khoa hpc co ban vk hoa hpc trong nr ^ ^ " ^^^ HS con han che.
nhien va dai s6ng, s\r bi^n d6i ciia cac chit va img dung Trong xu the chuyen doi tu day hpc theo dinh hu6ngoOi cua chiing trong thuc tien. Sau khi hpc xong mon Hoa dung sang dinh hucmg nSng l\rc, to chiic cac HDHTTN hpc 11, HS CO kha nang van dprig dupe tii thiic hoa hpc ti-ong d^y hpc mon Hoa hpc 11 gop phan khic phyc dupe vao tim hi6u va giai quy^t cac van dk cua thi^c tien. thuc ki^u tinyen thy kien thiic mpt chieu, t ^ co hpi de HS 54 TAP CHi KHOA HOC GIAO Dgc VlfT NAM ,; .•
duac kham phd, tim hi6u, thyc hdnh, thi nghiem... Du6i su t6 ehirc, dinh huong cua giao vien (GV), HS tij kidn tao cac kien thiic li thuyet cua mon hpc qua cae hoat dpng trai nghipm, tir do van dung dupe kien thiic da hpc giai quyet cac van dk thirc tiln. Voi y nghTa da neu, bai vik se de cap tdi vdn d§ cac dang HDkTTN va t6 chitc HDHTTN ti-ong day hpc mon Hoa hpc 11. Qua trinh to chitc HDHTTN trong day hpc mon Hoa hpc 11 se gop phiin phat trien KN thuc hanh thi nghiem v^ KN van dung tri thiic hoa hpc vao tim hieu va giai quyet van de thuc tiln cua HS tai cac trucmg THPT cua Quan 9, Thanh pho H6 Chi Minh.
2. Ngi d u n g n g h i e n cuTu
2.1. Hoat 0ong hgc t$p trai nghiem mon Hoa hgc 11 Hpc tap la mpt trong nhirng hoat dpng ca ban nhit cua con nguai. Tii xa xua, con nguai da thay duac m6i lien he gi&a "kinh nghiem" - nhihig dieu con nguoi linh hpi dupe qua lam, thuc hanh, luyen tap va "hpe tap". Cac kinh nghiem co anh huong tai nhan thiic va hoat dong noi chung, trong do co hoat dpng hpc tap ciia con nguai.
Tren co sa tim hieu khai niem hoat dpng, hpc tap, hpc tap trai nghipm, bai bao nay quan niem: HDHTTN la qua trinh ngudi hpc th\rc hien cac dang hoat d6ng hpc tap gan v6i thuc tien qua tuang tac true tiep tucmg tac vai moi trucmg song, tu nhien va xS hpi de chuyen doi kinh nghipm da tich luy thanh tri thiic, KN mcri cua ban than.
Hoa hpc la mon khoa hpc thuc nghiem lien quan mat thiet den ddi s6ng, la eSu n6i gifta cae nganh khoa hpc tu nhien. Myc tieu GD cua mon Hoa hpc cap THPT la hinh thanh va phat trien nang lire hoa hpc, pham chat, nang lire chung, dac biet la the gidi quan khoa hpc, tir do c6 thai dO ton trpng cac quy luat ciia thien nhien, iing xir vdi phu hpp va tang kha nang lira chpn nghe nghiep phu hpp vdi HS. Chucmg trinh Hoa hpc 11 de cap chu yeu ve cau tao, tinh chat, vai trd, ung dung eua cac chat trong ddi song, san xuat - Nhiing npi dung gdn lien vdi thuc tiln, tgo ca hpi tang cudng nhan thiic khoa hpe va r^n luy§n cac KN nhu sir dung ngon ngtt hoa hpc, nSu va giai quyet v5n de, dac biet la KN thuc hanh thi nghiem, KN v ^ dung tri thiic hoa hpc vao tim hieu va giai quyet cac vdn dk cua thuc tiln cua HS [I].
Can cii vao khai niem HDHTTN va dac diem mon Hda hpc 11, bai bao dua ra khai niem HDHTTN mon Hoa hpc 11 nhu sau: HDHTTN mon Hoa hpc 11 la qua tiinh HS thvrc hipn cac ho^t dpng hpc tap gan vdi thuc tiln nhu thyc h^inh, thi nghipm, khim phd, nghien cuu, phan hoa... de chuyen doi kinh nghiem tich luy dupe tii trai nghipm thanh tri thiic, KN mdi cua ban than.
2.2. Cac dang hoat dpng hoc tap trai nghiem mon Hoa hgc 11 Do dac di^m mon Hda hpc 11 khSng chi d6 cap tdi cdu tao, tinh chat, vai trd cua cae chdt hoa hpc ma cdn
nhan manh su img dung cua cac chdt trong thirc tiln cupe sdng nen cdc dang hoat dpng hpc tap gan lien vdi thuc tiln rat phong phii va da dang. Bai bao nay d l xudt cac dang HDHTTN gdn liln vdi mon hpc Hoa hpc 11 nhu sau (xem Hinh 1):
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Cac d u g h o i l SSmg hfc t i p t r i i DgUem mSii Hoa boc 11J I """p" 1 1 ci.Eb.{. 1 1 " f f : ^
Dien dan, sao kMu boa, sim vai, hgi thao. Ifaao IUBD trinh diln, iro chtri v.v.
Tbuc Oia. Ifauc Tlivtc hanh lao ddng. tinh nguyan, phyc vv cpng dong
Du in. nghien dhi, hofi dpng nhom, cau lac b«,v.v.
Hinh J: Cdc dgng HDHTTN mdn Hda hgc 11
2.2.1. Hoat dong hpc tap trai nghiem mang tinh the nghiem, tifdng tac
Phuang thiic tha nghiem, tucmg tac la dang HDHTTN tao ca hpi cho HS giao luu, tde nghiep va the nghiem y tudng. Cdc dang HDHTTN mang tinh the nghiem, tuang tac gom:
Sam vai: Sdm vai la t6 chiic eho HS thuc hanh, "lam thu" mpt so each iing xu nao do trong mpt tinh huong gia dinh qua do giiip HS suy nghT sau sac ve mot van de bang each tap trung vao mot su vipe cu thi ma HS vira thyc hien hoac quan sat dupe. Hoat dpng sdm vai tdng cudng ren luyen KN phdn tich, phat hien va giai quyet van de;
su sdng tao va KN thich nghi vdi moi trudng sdng. Khi day hpc mdn Hda hpe 11, GV to chiic cho HS dong vai cac nhan vat nhu bac sT, kT su, bien tap vien, phong vien, chuyen gia dinh duong, siic khoe,... de gidi thieu mot npi dung trong bai hpc. GV ciing co the neu ra tinh huong thuc tien de HS de xuat cdch gidi quyet hay giai thich cac hien tupng thuc tien, vdn de mang tinh xa hpi,...
Hgi thi/Cu6c thi: Hpi thi/Cupe thi la HDHTTN loi cuon HS tham gia hpc tap, tao dpng co hpc tap tieh cue, kich thich hiing thii trong qua trinh nhan thire, qua do phdt huy tai nang, sir sdng tao cua HS. Trong day hpc mdn Hda hpc 11, GV nen to chitc mot so cupe thi nhu: Thiet ke poster ve tuyen truyen ve tac hai cua rupu bia, phdn bon;
Ve tranh ve anh hudng cua phan bon den nong nghipp va ddi sdng; Tai che rae thdi nhua, nilon, ong hut,...
Giao liru: Giao luu la mpt dang boat ddng HDHTTN de HS dupe tiep xuc, trao ddi thong tin, trd chuyen vdi nhiing nhan vdt dien hinh (cd thanh tich xudt sde, thanh dat, vugt khd, la tdm gucmg sang, thiet thyc, phii hpp vdi nhu cau hung thii ciia cac em), tir do tao dpng lyc hpc tap, phan dau trong hpc tap va ren luyen nhan cdch. Hoat ddng nay dupe to chiic de dang trong mpi dieu kien eo sd vat chdt, rat phii hop vdi cdc HDHTTN theo chii de.
Tro choi: Tro choi hpc tap la HDHTTN khai gpi hung thii hpc tap, tao tam th6 thoai mdi, vui ve, phan khich tiep nhan nhiem vu hpc tap song dong thdi ciing tdng cudng S6 32 thang 8/2020 i i
NGHIEN CUfUTHUCTliN GlAO DUC
kha nang tong hop thong tin, phan tich, phat hien va giai quyet van de trong tro chai, qua do tij chilm Imh tii thiic, nang cao nang lire cho ban than. Tro choi hpc tap cdn tao ca hpi de HS vupt qua trd ngai, cam nhan thanh edng va thiic ddy dpng luc hpc tap (Ukens, 2007) [2]. T6 chiic ti-6 choi trong day hpc con giup HS cd co hpi trai nghiem, giam dp lire hpc tap khi tham gia vao moi trudng hpc tap hop tac, dong thdi tdng cudng tinh tich circ, tu giac va trach nhiem trong hpc tap (Chen, 2005) [3]. Trd choi hpc tap dupe td chiic trong nhieu tinh hu6ng day hpc nhu nhu lam quen, khdi dpng, danh gia kit qua, cung c6 kiln thiic,...
Vi du: Sau khi ket thiic ndi dung bai hpc "Luy8n tap chuang Nito - Photpho" (mon Hda hpc 11), GV t6 chitc tro chai vdi chii de "Ai nhanh hon" de cimg co kiln thiic ve cac hpp chat cua nito, photpho va phdn loai phan bon, eung nhu nhiing iing dung ciia cac kien thire nay trong thuc tien.
2.2.2. Hoat dOng hoc tap trii nghiem mang tinh kham pha
• Phuang thiic khdm pha la dang hoat dpng tao ca hpi cho HS trdi nghiem the gidi tu nhien, thuc te cupe sdng giiip HS khdm pha dieu mdi la, phdt hien van de, tu do hinh thdnh nhiing edm xiic tieh cue cho cdc em. De td chiic HDHTTN mon Hoa hpc 11, bai bao dl xudt cdc
|hoJit dpng trdi nghiem mang tinh khdm phd gdm tham quan va da ngoai.
•* Tham quan, da ngoai la dang boat dpng hpc tdp thuc tl h ^ din, phu hpp vdi npi dung gan lien vdi thyrc tiln, ddi
\ sdng va san xuat ciia m6n Hda hpc 11. Cac HDHTTN nay too CO hdi eho HS tim hilu, hpc hoi, bd sung kien thiic tir n v c tien, kilm chimg mdi lien he giiia li thuyet va thuc tl, qua dd GD long yeu nudc, yeu thien nhien, truyln thdng ljch su,... Tuy nhien, t l ehiic HDHTTN mang tinh kham pha can dam bao an toan cho HS va kinh phi phii hpp vdi dieu kipn thuc tiln cua tiing trudng.
2.2.3. Hoat dang hgc tap trii nghiem mang tinh cong hien Phuang thitc cong hien la dimg boat hpc tap trai nghipm tao ca hpi cho HS mang lai nhihig gia tri xS hpi bdng nhihig ddng gdp va cong hien thuc te cua minh.
Vf dy: Khi day hpc chii de "Rae thai nhua va su biin h6a" (mon Hda hpc 11 - phdn Ung dyng cua sdn pham tdng hpp tir anken), GV td chiic cho HS thuc hipn du an hpc t^p cho HS thu gom chai nhijra, dng hut, chat deo...
lam nguyen v|t lipu eho HDHTTN. Hoat dpng nay vira gdp phdn tuyen truyen bdo vp mdi tnidng, ndng cao nhan thiic ciia HS ve tac h^i ciia nhya, dong thdi phat huy sy sang t^o cua HS vdi dd dimg tdi che tir n h ^ .
2.2.4. Hoat dvij "tjc tap trii nghiem mang tinh nghien cifu, phan hoa Ho^t d^ng trai nghipm mang tinh phan hoa, nghien cuu la dang hoat dpng t^o co hpi cho HS tham gia cac de tai.
du an nghien cim khoa hoc, hinh thanh va ren luypn KN gidi quylt vdn dl mpt each khoa hpc. Hoat ddng cdu l?c bd Hda hpc la dang HDHTTN mang tinh nghien cim, phan hoa dac tnmg cho bp mdn Hda hpc. Khi tham gia cau lac bp, nhimg HS ed cimg nhu edu, sd thich tim hilu, nghien cuu vl cae dii tuang hda hpc trong ti^ rihiSn va cupe sing se co ca hdi tim bieu sdu hon cac ddi tupng dudi su dinh hudng va td chiic ciia GV. Trong cac buoi smh hoat cau lac bp, GV se td chiic, hudng dan cho HS nghien ciiu, lam thi nghiem, do thuat vdi hda hpc vui, chia se, tim hilu nhGng iing dung hoa hpc ti-ong th^
tiln... Cu6i budi sinh hoat, GV nhdn xet, ddnh gia va tro thanh trpng tai khoa hpe trong nhiing budi ti^nh ludn hpc thuat giira cdc HS.
Nhu vdy, cac dimg HDHTTN trong day hpc mon H6a hpc 11 rdt phong phii va da c^ing. Tuy theo myc tieu d^iy hpc, ndi dung bai hpc, ddc diem HS, kinh phi vi dieu kien ca sd vat chat eiia timg trudng, GV s5 i\ra chpn HDHTTN phii hop dl td chire ren luyen KN thyc hinh thi nghipm, van dyng tri thiic hda hpc vao tim hieu vi giai quyet tinh huong thuc tien cua HS.
2.3. To chulc hoat dong hgc tap tap trai nghiem trong day h^ic mon H6a hoc 11 tai cac trudng trung hpc pho thong cua Quin 9,ThilnhphoHoChiMinh
Tu quy trinh hpc t^p trai nghiem ciia Kolb [4] va cdc nghi8n ciru v l quy trinh td chirc hpc t^p trdi nghiem ciia Nguyin Thi Lien (2016) [5], Tudng Duy Hai (2017) [6], Cao Thi Song Huang (2019) [7]..., bai bdo dl xudt quy tiinh td chiic HDHTTN mdn Hda hpc 11 nhdm phdt trien KN thuc hdnh thi nghiem, KN v$xi dyng tri thute h6a hpc vao tim hilu vd gidi quylt cdc vdn de ciia thyc tien cho H S ( x e m S a d d 1).
Quy tiinh t l chiic HDHTTN trong d^y hpc mon H6a hpc 11 gdm 03 giai doan: Chudn bj va gidi ttiipu chii de, nhiem vy hpe tap trdi nghipm eho HS; T I chiic HDHTTN; Ddnh gid, tdng kit, riit kinh nghipm. Sau khi dd thilt ke eac tinh hudng hpc tap trai nghipm vd th6ng bdo cac nhipm vy hpc tap cho HS, GV sii dyng cdc tinh hudng hpc tap trai nghipm vao diiy hpc nhdm giup HS ty kiln tao kiln thOrc vd ren luypn KN. Cac HDHTTN dupe trien khai theo quy trinh hpc tap trdi nghipm cua Kolb gim: Kinh nghipm cy thi; Quan sdt phdn anh; Khdi qudt hda; Ap dung. Diitig tnrdc cac yeu cdu cua tinh huong hpc t4p, HS sii dyng cac kinh nghipm dd cd, song cdn rdi T^c lien quan tdi tmh hudng d l tim hilu, phdn dnh nhihig hipn tupng dd quan sat dupe; Cdc cu lipu cd dupe nhd qud tiinh quan sdt giiip HS khai qudt hda kiln thiic U thuylt ciia bdi hpc, tii dd van dyng kiln thiic nay vdo giai quyet cdc tinh huong thyc tien.
Sau khi triin khai cdc HDHTTN. GV ddnh gid ket qua hpc tdp theo cdc tieu chi danh gid dd cdng bd, dong thdi to chuc cho hpc tv danh gia hodc ddnh gid cheo. Khi thyc 56 TAP CHi KHOA HOC GIAO DUC VIET NAM
HOAT B ^ G CUA HS
Ivc cu him tkia T I duH fb Bka Eft, daak ^ biH kkic Biin cUih r tkAc t h i i «
Sadd 1: Quy trinh td chuc HDHTTN trong dgy hge mon Hda hgc 11 B&ng 1 : Quy trinh td chUc HDHTTN trong day hpc b i i hgc "Axit Cacboxylic"
n 1 : CHUAN BI, Gifll THI^U C H O OE VA NHIEM Vy HQC TAP Xie djnh muc tl6u day hoc:
Sau khi ^ a m gia HDHTTN, HS cd k h i nSng gi^l thich dirqc:
Si/xuJt hj^n lap c$n trong iim niidc.
CSch dCing giSm i n c6 t h i Idm s^ch ldp c$n trong am dun ntJflc d ^ lau ngiiy. HS t i i on tap, huy dfing kien ttiiJc, kinti nghiem ciia bdn Thill Wf flnh hu5ng hgc tdp: U xudt cdch thilc Idm sgch ldp c&n trong Sm dun ni/ac. thdn Hi thi^c hi^n nhiem vy dUOc giao khi tham gia hoat Phi/dng p h ^ dgy hQc: Day hoc theo nhdm nhd. dOng HTTN.
xac djnh dgng HOHTTN: Sdm vai vd trd chdi.
Xfly d ^ g b9 cdng c^ ddnh gid:
Trd chdi "Ai nhanh hdn" gdm cdc cdu h6l: Idp cdn la ch^t ndo, qud trinh hinh thdnh vd quy trinh xif I I . . . Q& do lifdng mifc dd linh hQi kiSn thdc cua HS.
ThlA kd bdng tiSu chi ddnh gid (Rubric) ve KN thi/c hdnh thi nghigm vd KN v§n dung Min thilc vdo tim h i l u vd gidi quy^t vdn dS thi/c tien.
Gidi thlgu vdi HS vg chii dg HDHTTN: "Dg xudt cdch Idm sgch ldp c | n trong am n i f d c d l Idu ngdy'.
G V p h d U l n c h o H S :
Cdc thdng tin chung:Thdi gian th^c hi^n; mijc tJSu, nOi dung, hinh thilc vd tieu chi ddnh gid k i t qud hoc tdp.
Cdc nhigm vij HS thi/c hign- Quan sdt, n h i n x6t vg ddy dm nUdc.
Tim hjgu stf ddng c?in trong im.
Tim higu phiidng dn xii II.
Ldm video vg cdch xil II idp cjin difdi ddy dm tgi nhd.
Sfi 32 tfldng 8/2020 57
NGHllN ClJU THirC T I I N GIAO DUC
Giai doan 2: TRiEN KHAI H D H H N Kinh nghiem cu the
Oinh hudng, gOi ntiac, dan dSt HS gan ket kinh nghiem da cd vdi tinh huong hoc tap qua cac dgng cau hoi md
HS nhd Igi hodc kiem nghiem tai nhd de phat hign cd Idp can d ddy am dun nUdc Idu ngdy.
Quan sat, phdn dnh GV to chile cho HS:
Quan sat va ghi chep ve tiien tifdng 6 day am nudc.
Thao luan tim hieu nguyen nhan gay nen hien tifdng dOng can; neu gid thuygt vd de xuat bien phap xif li ldp cdn di/a tren kmh nghiem cua bdn thdn.
Trinh bdy ket qud vd nhan xet, ddnh gia ket qua cua cdc nhdm.
Quan sdt vd ghi nhan lai ket qud cua cd nhan/nhom vao phieu quan sdt vd nhgn biet dUqfc diem manh. hgn che ciia HS de giup HS hodn thien qud trinh hoc tap.
HS quan sdt, nhdn xet ve dm ddng cdn.
HS thdo luan nhdm gidi thich sif xudt hign vd de xuat gid thuylt XLf II ldp cdn difa tren kien thilc vd kinh nghigm cua minh.
Thiet k l bai bdo cao nhdm theo hinh thdc sd dfi tif duy.
Khdi qudt hda
GV tnnh hifdng, gdi md cho HS rOt ra tong ket nguyen nhan tao Idp cdn: Do nifdc cifng chLia Ca(Hc63}2 nen khi dun ndng se bi nhiet phdn tao CaCOS ket tua (cdn) ddng lai day am nifdc.
Khdi qudt hda nguyen nhdn tgo Idp cdn difdi ddy dm.
Thuylt trinh phUdng dn xif li Idp cdn difdi ddy dm nifdc.
Nhan x6t, phdn bien.
Tlf dieu chinh nhdn thilc ciia cd nhdn ve nguygn nhdn tgo Idp can (biin no thdnh tri thdc ban than) dda t r i n quan sdt y kien ciia ban be vd tong ket ciia GV.
p d u n g
GV djnh hildng HS van dung cdc phddng an xd li Idp cgn dddi ddy am nifdc tgi hO Thilt ke phddng dn xd li ldp can tmng ddy am tgi nhd.
gia dinh.
Van dung tinh chat hda hoc cua axit axetic cd trong thdnh phan ciia dam dn.
To chdc cho HS bdo cdo ket qud xil li Idp cdn dddi ddy am niidc tai hg gia d"inh.
Qua video tign trinh xd li Idp cgn vd k i t qud xii li.
Rut ra nhdn dinh ve ket qud xd li Idp cdn trong ddy 3m bSng cdc phddng dn xd li,
Bdo cdo k i t qud.
Giai doan 3: DANH GIA, TONG KET
GV ddnh gid k i t qud hgc tap cua HS dda vao cdc tieu chi.
GV tdng ket cdch thdc iam sach lOp cdn trong am dun nddc" qua quy ^ n h sau:
Cho giSm dn (CH3C00H cO linh axU se tde dung dddc vdi CaC03 theo phifdng trinh- CaC03 + 2CH3C00H a (CH3C00)2Ca + C02 + H20) vao am; dun dm mOt khoang thdi gian khi dd Idp can tan mat: ta chi can riia sach am lai bdng nifdc sach, quan sdt hien trgng sau klii Ihd nghiem.
GV Cling cfi Igi kiln thilc khoa hgc cho HS qua trd chdi, cdu hoi, bai tap, v.v.
GV de xuat nhdng dng dung khdc cua giam an trong ddi song; gdi md vd kich tiiich khd ndng tim ldi ciia HS.
Hinh thdnh KN gdi q u y l t tinh huong Idm sgch Idp c^n trong dm dun nddc.
Tdng ket quy trinh Idm sach Idp cdn Irong am dun nddc
hien hoat dpng tu danh gia va danh gia cheo, HS co co hpi hpc sau cdc kien thuc li thuyet va ciing cd cac KN.
Nhu vay, quy trinh to chire HDHTTN trong day hpc mon Hda hpc 11 khong chi tao co hpi cho HS gan ket cac kinh nghipm rdi rae lien quan tdi bai hpc ma con giiip HS quan sat, tim hieu de tu kien tao nen kien thirc va ren luypn cac KN. De giiip HS tim hieu tinh chat vat li, tinh chat hoa hpc ciia axit him ca, dong thdi phat trien KN van dung bi thiic hoa hpe vao tim hieu va giai quyet cdc van de thuc tiln eiia HS, bai bao trinh bay 01 vi du minh hoa van dung quy tiinh td chuc HDHTTN "Ldm sach cdn a ddy am dun nirdc lau ngay" khi day bai hpc "Axit cacboxylic" - Mdn Hda hpc 11 (xem Bang 1).
De Xiic dinh anh hudng ciia vi?c to chuc HDHTTN trong dgy hpc mon Hoa hpc 11 den sy phdt trien KN th\rc hanh, thi nghiem vd KN van dyng tri thue hda hpc vdo giai quyei van de thyc tien ciia HS, nghien cuu da
van dung quy trinh t l chirc dd trinh bdy vdo dgy hgc mon Hoa hpc 11 tgi Trudng THPT Long Trudng, Qugn 9, Thanh pho Ho Chi Minh ti-ong hpc ki 1, ndm hpc 2019 - 2020. Nghien cuu da sir dung edng cy Rubrics phan tich de do ludng kit qua KN thyc hanh, thi nghi?m va KN van dung tri thuc hda hpc vao giai quylt cdc van de thyc tiln cua cupe sdng ciia HS trudc vd sau khi tham gia HDHTTN. Ket qua do ludng eho thdy, HS dd sii dyng cdc kinh nghipm da cd lien quan tdi kiln thiic ciia bdi hpc vao quan sat vd thyc hien thi nghiem cdc dii tijpng hda hpc, qua dd khdi qudt hoa len cae kiln thiic li thuyet va vgn dyng kiln thire dd khai quat vdo giai quylt cac tinh hudng thyc tien cua cupe sdng dgt kit qua tit. Nhu vdy, thdng qua t l chire cac HDHTTN da dgng nhu quan sat, thao lugn, thyc hanh, sdm \ai ... yong day hpc mon Hoa hpc 11, HS Trudng THPT Long Trudng linh hpi sau li thuylt va phat tiiln KN thyc hanh, thi nghipm vd KN
58 TAP CHI KHOA HOC GIAO DUC VIET NAM
van dyng tri thurc hda hpc vao giai quyet cac van de thyc tien ciia cupe sdng.
3. K^t lu^n
Trong xu the chuyen dich tu day hpc theo dinh hudng npi dung sang day hpc theo dinh hudng phat trien nang luc eua ngudi hpc, td chiic HDHTTN ti-ong day hoc khong ehi giiip HS hpc sau cdc kien thirc li thuyet ma con vdn dyng dupe kien thiic H thuylt vao giai quylt cac van de thyc tien ciia eupc sing. Dudi sy dinh hudng va td chiic cac dgng HDHTTN da dgng trong va ngoai khong gian ldp hpc cua GV, HS hpc tap hpp tac va co trach nhipm de ty kien tao nen kien thiic va ren luyen cac KN
chuyen biet cua mon hpc.To chiic cac dang HDHTTN trong day hpc mdn Hda hpc 11 khong chi gop phan giiip HS linh hpi nhirng tri thiic khoa hpc ca ban ve cac chat hoa hpc va img dung cua chiing trong ty nhien va ddi sdng ma cdn phdt trien KN thyc hanh thi nghiem, KN van dung tri thiic hoa hpc vao tim hieu va giai quyet cac vdn d l thuc tien ciia HS. Kit qua t l chiic HDHTTN trong day hpc mon Hoa hpc 11 tai Trudng THPT Long Tnrdng khdng chi giup HS phat trien cac KN chuyen biet cua mon Hda hpc ma con gop phan khde phyc nhirag ton tgi ti-ong day - hpe mdn Hda hpc 11 tai cac trudng THPT cua Quan 9, Thanh phd Ho Chi Minh.
T^i U|u tbam khdo
[I] Bg Gido dye va Dao tao, (2018), Chuong trinh Gido due pho thong, mon Hod hpc.
[2] L. Ukens. Learning Games. In M. Siiberman (Editor), (2007), The Handbook of Experiential Learning, John Wiley and Sons.
[3] Chen. I - Jung, (February 2005), Using Games to Promote Communicative Skills in Language Learning, The Internet TESL Journal. Vol XL No 2.
[4] Kolb David A, (1984), Experiential learning, experience as the source of learning and development. Address:
Englewood ClilTs, New Jersey; Publisher: Prentice - Hall.
[5] Nguyen Thi Lien (Chil bien) - Nguyen Thi HSng - Tucmg Duy Hai - Dao Thi Nggc Minh, (2016), T6 chuc hogt dpng trdi nghiem sdng tgo trong nhd truong pho thong, NXB Giao due Vi?t Nam.
[6] Tuong Duy Hai (Chii bien), (2017), T6 chirc hoat dpng trdi nghiem sdng lao trong day hoc Hoa hoc Trung hoc ca sd, NXB Giao due Viet Nam.
[7] Cao Thi Song Huong (chii bien) - Nguyen Thanh Nga - Mai Hoang Phucmg, (2019), To chirc hogt dpng hoc tgp trdi nghipm trong day hpc khoa hpc tu nhien & trudng trung hgc ccr so, NXB Dai hpe Su pham Thanh pho Ho Chi Minh.
ORGANIZING EXPERIENTIAL LEARNING ACTIVITIES IN TEACHING CHEMISTRY 11 AT HIGH SCHOOLS IN DISTRICT 9 OF HO CHI MINH CITY
Duong Thi Kim O a n h \ Lu Thi Kim Cuc^
' Ho Chi Minh University of Technology and Education 01 Vo Van Ngan, Thu Due distnct, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam Email: oanhdtk@hcmute edu.vn ' Long Toiong High School
309 Vo Van Hat. District 9. Ho Chi Mmh City. Vietnam Email: lifthikimcuc@t})ptlongtniong.edii.vn
ABSTRACT: The strong development of science and technology has created opportunities and challenges for the educational reforms in Vietnam. The resolution No. 29-NQ/TW emphasizes strengthening the organization of experiential learning activities in teaching to develop students'competence, thereby helping students adapt to the new context. The 11"' grade Chemistry is a subject of experimental science that provides students with basic scientific knowledge of chemistry in nature and life; as well as the transformation of substances and their applications In practice. Therefore, organizing experiential learning activities in teaching Chemistry 11 not only provides students with opportunities to integrate theoretical knowledge into practice, but also enhances their core and professional skills. The article identified the definition of experiential learning activities of Chemistry 11, the types of experiential learning activities of Chemistry 11, and proposed a process of organizing the experiential learning activities in teaching Chemistry 11. Moreover, an example of organizing the experiential learning activities named "Cleaning residue at the bottom of the kettle" of the lesson
"Cacboxylic acid" was fully presented. The experimental research at Long Truong high school in district 9 of Ho Chi Minh City proved that experiment skills and practical problam-solving skills of students have been improved by participating in the experiential learning activities of Chemistry 11.
KEYWORDS: Experience; Experiential learning; Experiential learning activities In teaching Chemistry 1 1 ; Organizing experiential learning acthrities in teaching Chemistry 1 1 .
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