Cac nhan to anh hiTomg den su" hai long tmng cong viec
cua can bo, cong chuTc, vien chu'c nganh giao due tai tmh Bmh Djnh
PHAJVl TH! THUY DUYEN' PHAM THAMH BJCH HAM"
Torn tat
Nghien cffu ndy nhdm muc dich phdn tich nhffng nhdn tdanh hudng de'n sU hdi long trong cong viec cua cdn bg, cong chffe, viin chffc (CBCCVC) dang ldm viec trong cdc ca sd gido due tai tinh Binh Dinh thong qua viec khdo sdt 250 mdu. Ki't qud nghiin cffu cho thdy, co 5 nhdn tdanh hudng di'n suhdi long trong cong viec ciia cdn edn bg, cong chffc ndy vd duac sdp xep theo mffc do quan trgng ldn lugt la: (1) Phdn thudng ben trong; (2) Nhgn thffc stf hd trg cua td chffc vd Idnh dgo; (3) Bdn chd't cong viic; (4) Phan thudng ben ngodi; vd (5) Nhgn thffc su cong bang vd binh ddng. Tff ket qud nghien cihi trin, nhom tde gid kie'n nghi cdc gidi phdp nhdm giup cho cdc td chifc gido due trin dia bdn tinh Binh Dinh thda man tdt ban nhu cdu cda nhdn vien ngdnh gido due, ldng sU hdi ldng trong cong viic, tff da hg lam viec hieu qud, tich cUC han.
Tiif khoa: suhdi long trong cdng viic, cdn bg, cong chffc, vien chffc, ngdnh gido due Summary
This study aims to analyze factors affecting the job satisfaction of cadres, civil servants and public employees in educational institutions in Binh Dinh province through a survey of 250 samples. The outcome points out 5 factors, in order of importance, which are (1) Internal rewards; (2) Awareness of support from organization and leaders; (3) Nature of work; (4) External rewards; and (5) Awareness of fairness and equality. From this finding, the authors propose solutions to help the aforementioned institutions better satisfy the needs of education staffs, increase job satisfaction so that they work more effectively and actively.
Keywords: job satisfaction, cadres, civil seiranls and public employees, education sector GIOI THIEU due can phai cd nhflng giai phap de nhan
. vien nganh giao due cua Tinh cam thay Bmh Dinh dffdc danh gia la cd vi tri chien lu'dc bet hai long trong cdng viec va mud'n ^an bd sffc quan trpng trong phat trien kinh te - xa hoi cua lau dai vdi to chffc. Dd la ly do nhdm tac viJng Kinh te Trong diem mJen Trung, dffdc xem la mot gia quye't dinh thffc hien n<rhien cffff "Cac trong nhffng cffa ngo ra bien cua cac tinh Tay Nguyen nhan tdanh bffdna de'n siThai ldn° tron"
v& vimg Nam Lao, Dong Bac Campuchia. Nhffng nam cdng viec cua C B t c V C ngiinh "iio due qua, kinh te - xa hdi Binh Dph khdng ngffng phat trien tai tinh Binh Dinh" ^ '^
tao da cho giao due cd nhffng dd'i thay ldn. Quy md
giao due ngay cang md rdng dap ffng nhu cau hoc tap CO SCf LY THUYET VA P H J O N G ngay cang da dang va phong phu cua ngffdi hoc. PHAP NGHIEN CLfU
Tuy nhien, trong thdi gian gan day, xuat hien tinh
trang can bd, cdng chffc cd nang lffc trong nganh giao Cd sd Iy thuye't va khuna nhan tiVh due cua Tinh xm nghi viec va chuyen sang lam d nhffng Qua viec tham khao cac h ' Vi ndi cd thu nhap cao hdn, cd hdi thang rien va mdi trffdng trffdc day, nhdm tac ^\^ nha H ? - ' ^ " -^^
lam viec td't hdn, thuan ldi hdn. De ngan chan tinh trang nhieu tac gia tren th^d' a,d- "^ v"^-' ^^^^^
nay va cd ngudn nhan Iffc on dinh, cac td chffc giao nghien cffu ve sir h^;%-^ ^^ '^ "^
"*^ '"ng trong cdng
"ThS., •', Khoa Tai chinh - Hgan hang va Quan tri kinh doanh, TrUdng Dai hpc Quv N^
Ngdy nhan bdi: 19/03/2020. Ngd\ phdn bien: 19/04/2020; Ngdy duyet ddng 24/04/2020 - ' ^^
viae ciia ngffdi lao ddng. Tuy nhidn, khi n6i d^n sff hai long cua can bg, cdng chffc va dac biet la trong ITnh vffc giao due, thi nhom tac gid nhan thay, nghidn cffu eua De Juana-Espinosa va Rakowska (2018) ve cdc nhan td'tao ddng lffc v^ anh hffdng cua chiing de'n sff hai long trong cdng viec thudc ITnh vffc cdng la phu hdp vdi de tai nghien cffu cua nhdm tac gia. Do do, nghidn cffu nay sii dung md hinh de xuat ban dau vdi 4 nhan to', bao gom:
Nhan thffc sff hd trd cua td chffc va lanh dao; Nhan thffc stj" cdng bang va binh dang; Phan thffdng ben trong; va Phan thitdng ben ngoai trong nghidn effu cua De Juana-Espinosa va Rakowska (2018) lam cd sd Iy thuye't de xay dffng va phat trien md hinh nghien cffu nay.
Ben canh dd, nghien cffu cua Smith, Kendall va Hulin (1969), Specter (1985), Prasad va Kumar (2014), Tran Kim Dung (2005), Nguyin Thi Hong H i (2016), Trin Minb Hie'u (2013) da cho thay, nhan to' "Ban cha't cdng viec" ed anh hffdng dd'n sff hai long cdng vide cua lao dgng trong ITnh vffc cdng. Nhdm tac gia nhan tha'y, nhSn to' nay phu hdp vdi doi tffdng va pham vi nghien cffu, cung nhit dac diem tren dia ban tinh Binh Dinh nen bo sung bie'n "Ban chat cdng viec"
vao md hinh nghien cffu.
Nhff vay, md hinh nghidn cffu do nhom tac gia de xua't gom 5 nhan to anh hifdng den sff hai Idng trong cdng viee cua CBCCVC tai tinh Binh Dinh nhff Hinh.
Cac gia thuye't dffdc dffa ra nhff sau:
HI: Ban cha't cdng vide cd anh hffdng Cling chieu de'n sif hai long trong cdng viec ciia CBCCVC nganh giao due tai tinh Binh Dinh.
H2. Nhan thffc sff hd trd cua td chffc va lanh dao cd anh hffdng cung chieu de'n sff hai long trong cdng viec eua CBCCVC nganh giao due tai tinh Binh Dinh.
^ 113: Nhjin thffc sff cdng bang va binh dang cd anh hffdng cung chieu de'n sff hai Idng trong cdng vide cua CBCCVC ng^nh giao due tai tinh Binh Dinh.
H4; Phan thffdng ben trong cd anh hffdng cimg chieu de'n sff hai long trong cong viec cua CBCCVC'nganh giao due tai (inh Binh Dinh,
US: Phan thffdng ben ngoai cd anh hffdng cung chieu de'n sff hai long trong cong viec cua CBCCVC nganh giao due tai tl'nh Binh Dinh.
Phtfdng phap nghi&n ciJu Nghien cffu dffdc tie'n hanh qua hai
HltiH: MO HINH NGHIEtH CtfU DE XUAT Ban chat cong viec
Nhan thirc sy ho trg ciia t6 chiic va lanh dao Nlian thirc sy cong bang va binh
Plian thirong ben trong Phan thuong ben ngoai
Sir bai long trong cong viec
Nguon INhom tac gia de xual
giai doan chinh: (1) nghign cffu sd bo; va (2) nghidn cffu chinh thffc.
Nghien cffu sd bd dffdc rie'n hanh thdng qua ky thuat thao Iuan nhdm tap trung nhSm kham pha, dieu chmh, bd sung cac nhan td' anh hffdng de'n sff hai long trong edng viec cua CBCCVC nganh giao diic tai tinh Binh Dinh. Nhdm tae gia Iffa chpn 7 dd'i tffdng la can bd, cdng chffc dang lam vide trong cac td chffc giao due tai tinh Binh Dinh. Nhffng ngffdi nay IS ngffdi thSn, ngffdi quen hoac la thay cd giao cua nhdm tac gia.
Nghien cffu chinh thffc dffdc thffc hien bang phffdng phap dinh Iffdng thdng qua viec khao sat 250 dd'i tffdng. 250 bang cau hoi gia'y dffdc nhdm tac gia phdng va'n trffc tie'p cac dap vien, ke't qua thu iai dffdc tdng la 250 bang va ta't ca deu hdp Id. Vide dieu tra khao sat dffdc thffc hidn tai tinh Binh Dinh tff thang 01/2020 de'n thang 03/2020. Nhom tac gia sff dung chffdng trinh phan tich thd'ng ke SPSS 20.0 de xff ly dff lieu.
KET QUA VA THAO LUAN
Kid'm dinh Cronbach's Alpha
Kd't qua phan tich Cronbach's Alpha (Bang 1) cud'i ciing eho tha'y, cac he sd'tffdng quan bid'n tong cua cac bie'n deu dat tren 0,3 va he so'tin cay Cronbach'Alpha ldn hdn 0,6. Vi vay, ta't ca cac nhan td' va cac bie'n deu dap ffng dffdc do tin cay va dffdc dffa vao phan tich cac nhan td'kham pha (EFA).
Phan tich EFA
Ket qua phan tich EFA (Bang 2) dd'i vdi cac bie'n doc lap cho tha'y, he sd KMO = 0,796; kiem dinh Bartlett vdi mffc y nghia Sig. = 0,000 < 0,05; 5 nhan to' dffdc rut trich tai Eigenvalue la 1,463 va phffdng sai trich dffdc la 65,217% > 50% dam bao trich xua't phffdng sai ciia 24 bie'n quan sat thude 5 bie'n doc lap. Nhff vay, 5 nhan to' nay giai thich hdn 65% sff bie'n thien cua dff lieu. Cac quan sat deu dam bao yeu cau ve he sd tai va khdng xay ra hien tffdng nhdm bien.
Dd'i vdi bie'n Sff hai Idng trong cdng viec, ke't qua phan tich EFA cho tha'y, cd 1 nhan td' dffdc riit trich tai Eigenvalue la 2,685, vdi td'ng phffdng sai trich la 53,71% dam bao trich xuS't phffdng sai, hd so KMO la 0,539; gia tri Sig. = 0,000. Nhff vay, cac bie'n cd tffdng
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BANG 1: KET QdA KIEM DjrSH CRONBACH'ALPHA CUOI CGMG Thang do
Ban chat cons viee Nhan thu'c .si/ h6 trd cua to chitc vii lanh dao
Nhan thii'c sircong bSng vii binh dfing Phan thu'dng ben trong Phan thtfdng ben ngoai Su'hili Icinu irong cong viec
Ky liieu Ihang do NW
PS PJ IR ER JS
So bie'n quan sat 6 'i 4 4 5 5
Cronbach' Alpha
0.875 0,848 0,844 0.820 0,848 0,784
Hf sd'tU'dbg quan bi&'n tong nhd nhd't
0,472 0,607 0,618 0,629 0,569 0,517 BANG 2: PHAN TICH EFA CHO NHOM BIEN DOC LAP Bi£'n
quan sat NW4 NW2 NWl NW3 NWS NW6 PS4 PS 5 PS2 PS6 PS 3 ER2 ER5 BR3 ER4 ERl PJ2 PJ3 PJl PJ5 1R4 1R3 tR2 IRI
NhSn to' 1
0,851 0,846 0,757 0,744 0,735 0,573
2
0,832 0,795 0,769 0,761 0,756
3
0.806 0,78^
0,779 0,768 0,716
4
0,812 0.760 0,758 0.729
5
0,82S 0,788 0,768 0,732
Ten nhan to
Ban chat cong viec
Nhan Chu'c sif ho trrf cua to chu'c vii lanh ctao
Phan thu'dng ben ngoai
NhSn thflc sif cong biing va binh dang
Phiin thnSng ben trong
BANG 3. KET QUA PHAN TICH TddNG QUAN
.IS
Tifcfne auan Pearson Mu'c V nghia
NW 0,460"
0,000 PS 0,358"'
0,000 PJ 0,413"'
0.000 IR 0,534"
0.000 ER 0,396"
0.000
* ' Tu'dng Quan co mu'c v nghTa 0,01
BANG 4: CAC HE SO MdC DQ PHO HOP CdA MO HINH
BANG 5: KET QGA PHAN TICH HOI QdY
M6 hinh
1 Hang so NW PS PJ IR ER
Hf sd' h6i quy chi/a chu&n hoa B -0,176
0.157 0.193 0,229 0,409 0,156
Sai sS'chu^n 0.641 0,036 0,041 0,067 0,053 0,039
H$s3'h6iquy da chuan hoa
Beta
0,215 0,217 0.169 0.366 0.191
Gia tri ki^m dinht -0-275
4,336 4,732 3,402 7,779 3.9S9
Mffc;y nghia (Sig.) 0.784 0,000 0,000 0,001 0.000 0.000
Tho'ng ke da c8nH tuv^'n Dung sai
0,803 0,942 0,801 0,891 0,862
VIF
1,245 1.052 1,249 1,122 i,160
quan vdi nhau trong tdng the va thang do dat gia tri hdi m do iffdng khdi mem nghien cffu.
Phan tich ttfdng quan
Phan tich titcfng quan (Bang 3) giffa bie'n phu thuoc vdi cac bie'n dpc lap cd md'i quan he chat che lihi ta't ca cac Sig.
deu nhd hdn 0,05. Ta't ca cac bid'n nay deu giai thich cho bid'n "Sff hai long trong cdng viec".
Phan tich h6i quy
Phan tich hdi quy bpi {Bang 4) cho thay md hinh hdi quy tuye'n tinh da xay dffng phu hdp vdi tap dff lieu d mffc 50,8%.
Ket qua hdi quy (Bang 5) eho tha'y, trong kiem dinh t, cac gia tii Sig. d^u
< 0,05, nen ca 5 bie'n ddc Ittp nay cd y nghTa thd'ng ke giai thich cho bie'n phu thupc la sff hai Idng trong cdng viec. He so' hdi quy lln lffdt cua 5 nhan td' nay la PNW = 0.215; P„ = 0,217; |3„ = 0,169, p„
= 0,366; Pj, = 0,191. Ket qua cho tha'y, cac h6 so' Beta chuan hoa (P) deu mang gia tri difttng, nen ca 5 bie'n deu tac dong cGng chieu den bi&'n phu thu6c idii c6' dinh cac bie'n kia. Cac he so' phong dai phuong sai (VIF) d^u nho hdn hOn 2, n6n khong xay ra hien tu'dng da cpng tuye'n gii?a cac bie'n dpc lap.
Nhu vay, cac nhgn to anh hu'dng de'n su hai long trong cong viec cua can bp vien chu'c nganh giao due dupc th^ hi6n trong mo hinh hoi quy tuye'n tinh:
JS = 0.215 NW + 0,217 PS + 0,169 PJ + 0.3661R +0.191 ER
KET LUAN VA KHUYEN NGHI GIAI PHAP
Ket qua nghien ciju cho tha'y, co 5 nhan to anh hirdng de'n su hai long trong cong viec ciia CBCCVC nay va dupc sap xep theo mii'c dp quan trpng lln lUdt la:
Phan thudng ben trong; Nhan thiic sU h6 trp ciia to chtfc va lanh dao; Ban chat cong viec, Phan thudng ben ngoai va Nhan thu'c su cong bang va binh dang.
Ket qua nghien ctiu tren cung ca'p m6t s8 hiim y cho ciic to' chdc giao due tai dia ban Binh Dinh, cu the nhu sau:
Thii nhat, PhSn thudng ben trong la nhan to ma CBCCVC nganh giao due tai Bmh Dmh quan tam hang ddu. Do dii cac nhiijanh dao tich cue quan tam cai thien moi quan he trong cong viec giila cac nhan vien, tao dieu kien de' ho cam thay dupc tpu trpng, cam tha'y thodi mai, VUI veva san sang chia se. 1,6 trd khi lam
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viec ciing nhau va hoan thanh td't muc tieu cua to chffc. Ben canh dd, nen tao cd hoi ii hp dffdc tham gia cae khda dao tao dii han, nhff: cac chffdng trinh cao hpc va nghien cffu sinh trong va ngoai nffdc, cung nhff cac khda tSp huan ngan han, nhff: cac hdi nghi, hdi thao chuydn de de ho nang cao nang lffc cua minh. Tie'p tuc tiiffc hien chu trffdng tao ngudn can bd ke c|n. Ngoai ra, td chffc va lanh dao nen giao nhffng cdng viec cd tinh thach tiiffc de nhan vien ph^in dS'u va cd gang, ddng thdi tranh SIJ" nham chan trong cdng viec.
Kip thdi ddng vien, khen ngdi khi nhan vien thanh tich trong cdng viec de ddng vien tinh than lam viec cua nhan vien.
Thii hai, CBCCVC ngdnh gido due lai Binh Dinh quan tdm de'n viec dugc td cMc vd Idnh dgo ho tra. Cae ed sd giao due vS nhffng nha lanh dao can quan tam den muc tieu, nhu cau, nhffng gia tri ca nh£in cua nhSn vien de chia se, giup dd va dap ffng nhffng nhu ctu dd. Cac nha lanh dao can gia tang mem tin vao cfic quyet dinh cua nhan vien trong cdng viec, nen ap dung nhieu phong each lanh dao khac nhau cho nhieu dd'i tffdng khac nhau d^ hp hoan thanh cdng viec hieu qua nha't.
Thff ba, sU hdi long trong cong viec cm CBCCVC ngdnh gtdo due tgi tinh Binh Dinh bi tde dgng bdi nhdn td Bdn chd't cong viec. Vi vSy, lanh dao eac cd sd giao due can giao cho nhSn vien lam nhiJng cdng viec phu hdp vdi nang lffc va the manh cija ho, phai giup hp hieu ro ve cong viec dang lam, cung nhff cho phep ho dffdc quyen quye't dinh mdt sd'
cdng vide nam trong nang lffc cua hp. De lam tdt dieu nay, cac to chffc nganh giao dtic can thffc hien viec chpn dung ngffdi ngay tff giai doan tuyen dung nhSn vien, can md ta day du, rd rang vi tri cdng viec dang can ngffdi, ciing nhff nhffng ky nang can thie't cho vi tri dd.
Thff tu, nhdn id Phdn thudng ben ngodi ldc dong Cling chiiu de suhdi ldng trong cong viec cua CBCCVC ngdnh gido due. Cac td chffc nganh giao due can quan tam cdng tac nang cao thu nhap cho nhSn vidn va tao cd hpi de hg dffdc thang tie'n trong cdng vide. Nha lanh dao can nam ro dffqJc nhu cau, nguygn vpng cua nhan vien va dap ffng dieu dd mdt each td't nhat. Ndn cd che' dd khen thffdng ca ve tinh than ISn vait chat cho cac CBCCVC lam viec hidu qua, dat nhffng thanh tffu va mang lai gii tr; cao cho td chffc, chang ban tang Iffdng hay cac ky nghi de dpng vien tmh than lam vide. Dd'i vdi can bd tre, xet tha'y du dilu kien tbeo quy dinh, thi thffe hien vide gidi thieu ffng cff, b^u cff giff chffe danh lanh dao da dffdc quy hoach. De lam dffdc dieu nay, td chffc phai xay dffng chinh sach khen thffdng, chinh sach va di^u kien thang tie'n rd rang va toan didn ngay tff ban dau tffng thanh tich cu th^.
Thff nam, Nhdn thffc sU cdng bang vd binh dang Id nhdn td tde dgng yeu nhdt den sU hdi long trong cdng viic cua CBCCVC ngdnh gido due tgi tinh Binh Dinh.
Cac cd sd giao due can quan tSm nhieu hdn de'n van de nay de khdng gay ra siJ bat man trong nhan vien. Khi trien khai va thffc hidn cdng vide, ngffdi lanh dao phai dan chu, chat che, dung nguyen tac. Lanh dao cac cd sd giao due phai thffdng xuyen khao sat, danh gia dung thffc chat nang lffc, chuyen mdn cua CBCCVC, can thu thap day du va chinh xac thdng tin trffdc khi ra quyd't dinh. Nha lanh dao can can ddi thdi gian lam viec va ldn lich lam viec hdp ly cho ciic CBCCVC dam nhan mdt so cdng viec cd tinh chat tffdng td nhau de hp nhan thffc dffdc lanh dao rat cdng bang va gia tiing sff hai long trong cdng viec cua minh.Q
- IAI LIEU THAMJKHAO _ _ _ - - - 1. Tr^n Kim Dung (2005). Do Iffdng mffc dp thda man dd'i vdi cdng viec trong dieu kidn cua Viet Nam, Tgp chi Phdt trien Khoa hgc vd Cdng nghe, 8( 12), 85-91
2. Nguyin Thi Hdng Ha (2016). Suhdi long trong cong viec cita cdn bo cong nhdn vien Cong ty Plidt kdnh bdo chi Trung uang, Luan van thac sT, Trffdng Dai hpc Kinh te' Qud'c dan
3.TranMinhHieu(2013). Sffhai long cua giang vien trong giang day va nghien cffu tai Trffdng Dai hoc An Giang, Tgp chl Khoa hgc TrUdng Dgi hgc An Giang, 1,91-100
4. De Juana-Espinosa, S. & Rakowska, A. (2618). Public sector motivational practices and their effect on job satisfaction: country differences, European foumal ofManagement and Business Economics,21(1), 141-154
5. Masiovi', A. H. (1943). A Theory of Human Motivation, Psychological Review, 50, 370-396 6. Prasad, S. K. va Kumar, C. A. (2014). A Study of Job Satisfaction Status on Civil Service Employees of Nepal, Public Service Commission, 1(4), ISSN 2321-2705
7. Smith, P. E., Kendall, L. M. & Hulin, C. L. (1969). The measurement of satisfaction in work and retirement, Chicago, Rand McNally
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