TAP CHl Ul^T HQC S 6 11/2016 NGHIEN CW - TRAO BOI
TONG l/dC LA HAY NAM 1965 VE TONG DAT GIAY TC) VA VAN DE G I A N H A P CUA VIET NAM
NGUYEN HSNCBAC*
Tdm tdt: Bdi viit gidi thi$u nhOng noi.dung chinh cda Cong uac La Hay ngdy 15/11/1965 vi tdng dcA ra nudc ngodi cdc gidy td tu phdp vd ngoai tu phdp trong tinii v\rc dan s\r hodc thuang mgi; vi qud trinh gia nhgp Cong udc vd ddnh gid nhimg tdc dong cua Cdng udc doi vdi Vi$t Nam.
Tir khoa: Cdng udc La.Hay; ndm 1965; gia nhdp; Viet Nam.
Nhdn bdi: 06/3/2016 Hodn thdnh bien tdp: 08/12/2016 Duy^t ddng: 14/12/2016.
THE 1965 HAGUE SERVICE CONVENTION AND THE VIETNAM'S ACCESSION TO THE CONVENTION
Abstract: The paper introduces the main contents of the Hague Convention dated November 15th 1965 on the Service Abroad of Judicial and Extrajudicial Documents in Civil or Commercial Matters and the process of Vietnam's accession to the Convention, and evaluates the impacts of this Convention on Vietnam.
Keywords: The Hague Convention; 1965; accession; Vietnam
Received: Mar (5'^ 2076,- Editing completed: Dec S'', 2016; Accepted for publication: Dec 14 '*, 20/6.
1. Van de tong S^t r a nircn: ngoai gi^y to* tir p h a p va ngoai tir p h a p trong 1 1 ^ vyx: d a n s y hoac thirong mai theo Cong tro^c La Hay n a m 1965
1.1. Khdi qudt chung
C6ng udc La Hay ng&y 15/11/1965 v l tong dat ra nuac ngoai cac giay tcr tu phap va ngoai tu phdp trong ITnh v\rc dan su hoac thuang mai (sau day goi tat Ih CSng u6c) la C6ng udc thii 14 trong t6ng s6 trSn 40 cQng uac vk nghi dinh thu cua Hoi nghi La Hay ve tu phap quoc te. Day la cong uac da phuang quan trpng nhat trong ITnh vuc tong dat ra nuac ngoai, ph\ic vy true tiep cho
I* Giing viSn chmh, Tnrfmg Dai h9c LuSt Ha N$i E-mail: [email protected]
hoat dong to tung. Cong u a c duoc thong qua tai Hpi nghj La Hay lan thur thii 10 v^
tu phdp quoc te va bat dau c6 hi$u luc ke tCr ngay 10/02/1969. Cong u a c nay c6 hi$u luc trong vong 5 nam ke tir ngay co hi?u lyre.
Neu khong co tuyen bo eham dut hieu l^rc, Cong u a c se tu dpng gia han mdi ISn 5 nam. Cong udc cung quy dinh cac quoc gia thinh vien ed quyen nit khdi Cdng udc bat ki thdi diem nao. Tuyen bd rut khdi Cdng udc phai duac thdng bdo cho Bo ngoai giao Ha Lan it nhat 6 thang trudc thdi d i l m k i t thuc 5 nam. Tuyen bo rut khdi Cdng udc se chi cd hieu Iue ddi vdi nude thdng bao, Cdng udc van co hi?u lyre doi vdi cdc nudc kl ket khac.
Hien nay, Cdng udc co 71 quoc gia thdnh
TAP CHI LUAT HOC SO 11/2016 NGHIDN COV - TRAO Bdi
vien^'^ tii cdc nen kinh te phat trien va dang phat triSn vdi truyen thdng phap luait khde nhau nhu: An dp, Trung Quoc, Nhat Ban, Hin Quoc, Nga, Canada, Thuy Sf, Anh, Hoa Ky, tdt cd cdc nudc thdnh vien cua Lien minh chau Au (trir Ao vd Man-ta) va tiep t\ic ket naip cac quoc gia thdnh vi6n mdi.
Cdng udc g6m 31 dilu vd m^t phu l\ic cdc mau yeu c^u ting dat, gi^y xdc nhan kit qua tdng dat, ban tdm tit gidy td dupc tdng d^.
a. M\ic dfch cua Cdng udc
Cdng udc hudng tdi vi?c xay dung bi?n phdp thich hpp dam bao giay td tu phap vd ngoai tu phdp duprc tdng dat ra nudc ngodi tdi ngudi n h ^ dung han; ngudi dupc tdng dat cd du thdi gian de bao v? quyen lpi cua minh; dan gian hoa phuang thiic tong dat gidy td tir qu6c gia yeu cau din qudc gia dupc y6u cdu; dua ra dupc bdng chiing ve viec tong dat da duprc hodn thanh dudi hinh thiie Id giay xdc nh$n ket qua theo mau th6ng nhat.
Ngoai ra, cdc nudc tham gia Cdng udc con mong muon ciing nhau cai thien vi$c td chtic tuang trp tu phdp bdng cdch dan gian hod va thuan lpi hod thii t\ic trong qua trinh tong dat cac giay td ra nude ngoai.
b. Pham vi dp dung cua Cdng udc - Ve mat lanh thd: Cdng udc dp dung tr6n tat ea lanh thd cua cac qudc gia thdnh vien (69 qudc gia).
- Ve ddi tupng dp dung, Cdng udc dp dung cho cac vu vi?c ve dan su hoSe thuang mai ed yeu cau phai tong dat giay td tu phap hoac ngoai tu phap ra nude ngoai (Dilu 1 Cdng udc).
{l).Ngu6n: hUp://www.cpv.org,vn/cpv/Modules/News/
NewsDe tai!.aspx?co_id=30106&cnjd=689994, tray cap ng&y 21/5/2016.
+ Cdc gidy td tu phdp: Cdng udc khdng CO dinh nghia cu the ve cdc loai giay td ndy ma vi^c phan loai phy thupc vao phdp luat cua nudc giri (nudc ySu cau). Tuy nhiSn, theo hudng dan trong cdc tai li€u chinh thiic cua Hpi nghj La Hay, giay td tu phap Id cdc giay td trong cac vu tranh chap hodc cdc vi?c dan s\t khdng cd tranh chdp hoac giiy td cho vipc thi hanh. Cac giay td tu phap cd the bao gdm: thdng bao trieu tap, bdn ghi y kien ciia bi dan ddi vdi yeu cau ciia ngudi khdi kien, quyet dinh va phan quyet dugfc tuySn bdi can bp cua ca quan tu phdp cd tham quyln, ciing nhu giay trieu tap nhan chiing va ySu cku thu thap chiing cii gui den cdc ben, ke ca khi cac Ienh ySu cau ndy dupc tuyen nhu mpt phan cua qud trinh thu thap, xem xet chiing cii.
+ Cac loai giay td ngoai tu phap: Theo Dilu 17 Cdng udc, cac lo:^ giay td ngodi ni phdp cd the bao gdm: van ban cdng chiing, yeu cau tra tien, thong bao tir bd lien quan den hpp ddng thue ddi ban, hpp ddng lao dpng, tir choi chap nhan thuang phieu vd cac cdng cu chuyen nhupmg vdi dieu ki?n Id chiing phai dupc phat hanh bdi co quan co tham quyen hoac thira phat lai, thdng bao ngay hod giai, thdng bao dupc tdng d^t do chii ng chuyen cho ngudi mac ng, thdng bao cho ngudi cd Igi ich lien quan ve tai san thira kl, quySt dinh lien quan den cap dudng cho con vd quyet dinh li6n quan den li hdn va li than do CO quan hanh chinh cd thdm quyen ban hdnh, trieu tap ciia thira phat 1^, chii^
thu vd cdc giay td li6n quan din vi^c thi hanh an. Cac giay td phan ddi hdn nhSn, ddng y nhan con nudi, chap nhiln quan he cha con cung thudc lo^i ndy nlu chung phii
TAP CHi LUAT HQC S 6 11/2016 NGHIEN CUV - TRAO DOI
hop vdi cdc thii tuc nhat djnh. Yeu cau tong dat giay td ngodi tu phap rdt it g^p, thudng dupc tdng d£it bdi tod dn, thiia phdt lai hodc ngudi thi hanh an.^^^
Cdng udc khdng dp dyng trong tnrdng hgp khdng bilt ro dia chi ciia ngudi nhan giay td tdng dat. Nhu vay, ca che tdng dat giay td ra nudc ngoai theo quy dinh ciia Cdng udc chi thye hien dugc vdi dieu ki?n cd dja chi rd rang vd chinh xdc cua ngudi nhan giay td tdng dat.
c. Thu tyc gia nh|ip Cdng udc Bat cu nudc nao khdng cd mat tai phi§n thu 10 Hdi nghi La Hay vl tu phap qudc tl diu cd the gia nhap Cdng udc ndy sau khi nd cd hieu luc. De gia nhap Cdng udc, nudc yeu cau gia nhap phai de trinh tdi lieu gia nhap tai Bg ngoai giao Ha Lan. Cdng udc chi cd hieu luc ddi vdi nudc gia nhap khi cac nudc thanh vien phe chuan Cdng udc trudc nudc ndy khdng phdn ddi vd su khdng phan ddi nay dupe thdng bao cho Bg ngoai giao Ha Lan trong vdng 6 thang, sau ngay Bp ngoai giao Ha Lan dupc thdng bao ve viec npp van kien xin gia nhap. Tai thdi diem giri tdi lieu phe chuan hoac gia nhap, nudc gia nhap sg thdng bao cho Bd ngoai giao Ha Lan nhung van de sau:
- Viec chi dinh mpt ca quan trung uang, ca quan co tham quyen va cdc ca quan khac neu cd;
- Vice chi dinh ca quan cd tham quyen hoan chinh giay chiing nhan khang dinh rang
(2).Xem: "Vi?( Nam clu'nh thitc npp vSn Icien gia iiiigp Cong udc La Hay ve tdng dgt gidy to", nguon:
http;//www.moj.gov.vn/qt/tinluc/Pages/thong-tin- khac.aspx?UemID=2394, tray c?p ngjly 21/4/2016.
tdi lieu dd dugc tdng dat theo mau trong phu luc Cdng udc nay;
- Viec chi djnh ca quan cd tham quyen nh$n tdi lieu chuyen qua con dudng lanh su.
Khi khdng cd nudc nao phan ddi su gia nhap cua nudc mdi ddi vdi Cdng udc, Cdng udc se cd hieu luc ddi vdi nudc gia nhap vao ngay dau tien ciia thang tiep sau thdi dilm het han 6 thang n§u tren.
1.2. Ve cdc plmong thiec tdng dat gidy ta Tdng dat la viec giao vdn ban cua ca quan tien hanh td tung (tod an, vien kiem sat) hay CO quan thi hanh dn cho duong su, nhiing ngudi tham gia td lung khac theo quy dinh ciia phap luat.
Viec tong dat se trd thanh thu tyc qudc te khi ngudi tdng dat vd ddi tugng nhan tdng dfit cu tni tgi cac qudc gia khac nhau. Tdng dat qudc te gdm nhieu giai doan:
- Giai doan ihii nhdt Id thye hien cdc thii tuc tai nudc yeu cau tdng dat. Day la budc khdi dau cho toan bd qua trinh chuyen vdn ban ra nudc ngoai.
- Giai doan thii hai Id chu trinh dac biet de chuyen vdn ban den nudc nai nhan tdng deit.
- Giai doan thu ba la thuc hien thu tuc tdng dat tren lanh thd cua nudc ngoai. Vl nguyen tac, giai doan thii nhat vd giai doan thii hai do co quan cd tham quyln cua nudc cd tea an giai quyet vu viec thuc hien.
Theo Cdng udc, viec tdng dat dugc thuc hien bdi mdt kenh chuyen tdi lieu chfnh vd mdt sd kenh chuyen tai lieu thay the,
a. Theo kenh tdng dgt chfnh
De thuc hien viec tdng dat giay td, Cdng udc yeu cau cac qudc gia thanh vien phai cd trdch nhiem chi dinh ca quan trung uong
TAP CHI L U A T H O C s o 11/2016 NGHIEN CVV - TRAO BOI
theo kenh tdng dat chinh (Dieu 2), neu can thilt thi chi dinh "cdc ca quan cd tham quyen khde" va xac dinh pham vi tham quyen cua cdc co quan dd vd cap cac ngudn luc ddy dii dl bao dam cho hogt ddng cua co quan tnmg uong. Doi vdi cac nudc lien bang dupc tu do chi dinh nhieu han mdt ca quan trang uong (Dieu 18).
Co quan trung uang dupc chi dinh cua nudc yeu cau se chuyen tai lieu can tdng dat (theo mau trong phu luc ciia Cdng udc ndy ma khdng phai hpp thiic hoa hay qua mpt thil tuc tuong tu ndo khac) cho co quan trung uang dupc chi dinh cua nudc dupc yeu cau (Dieu 3 Cdng udc).
Thuc te cho thay, cdc nudc thdnh vien Cdng udc da phan chi dinh bd tu phap hoac dan vi trong bg tu phap lam co quan trung uang (nhu Trang Qudc, Australia, Hoa Ky, Hungary, Dirc,'^* Thuy Sy, Phap...). Cac thanh vien cdn Igi chi djnh co quan trong toa an hodc mgt sd ft thi chi dinh bp ngoai giao nhu Argentina. Hdn Qudc, Vuang qudc Anh, Nhat Ban, Me-hi-cd...'''^ CJ Viet Nam, trong van kien gia nhap Cdng udc chi dinh Bg tu phap la CO quan trung uong. Tuy nhien,
(3). 6 cpng hoa Li6n bang Diic, tai 16 bang cua Dire deu c6 ca quan dau moi ihyc hien viec long d^t giSy to. Bp tir phap LiSn bang chi giai quySt nhung vu vifc long dat giay to hen quan Mn Chfnh phu, co quan nha nudc lien bang va nh&ng vu vi?c co gid trj kinh t§ Ion.
{4).Xem: Pham H6 Huong, chuyen dfi 13: "Kinh nghiem qii6c t i v^ gia nh^p, thurc hien Cong iroc La Hay ve t6ng dat ra nuoc ngoki gidy to tu phap \k ngoai tu phap trong ITnh virc dan su hoSc Ihutmg mai", de tai nghien clJu khoa hpc cdp co so: "Hoi nglii IM Hay vS lu phdp quSc tS - Moi s6 vdn <Si li lugn va thirc tiin", Tnremg Dai hpc Luat Ha Npi, thang 01/2016.
trong qua trtnh thuc thi Cdng udc, Bp tu phap phdi hgp vdi tod an, vien kiem sdt va Bd ngoai giao trong cdng tac tdng dat.
b. Theo cac kenh thay the Cac kenh thay the gdm:
- Tdng dat true tiep cho duang sir d nudc ngoai thdng qua co quan ngoai giao, lanh su (Dilu 8);
- Tdng dat cho ca quan tham quyen ciia nudc dupc yeu cau thdng qua co quan ngoai giao, lanh sir (Dieu 9);
- Tong dat true tiep cho duong su d nudc ngodi qua dudng buu dien (diem a Dieu 10);
- Tdng dat tir nhan vien tu phdp, can bp hoac ngudi cd tham quyen cua nudc yeu cau true tiep qua nhan vien tu phdp, cdn bd hoac ngudi cd tham quyen cua nudc dupc ySu cau (dilm b Dilu iO);
- Tdng dat tir bat ki ca nhan nao cd lien quan trong thu tuc td tung true tiep qua nhan vien tu phap, can bd hoac ngudi cd tham quyen cua nudc dugc yeu cau (diem c Dieu 10);
- Cac kenh tdng dat khac ma cac nudc thanh vien chap nhan (Dilu 11).
Kenh tdng dat chfnh va kenh tdng dat thay the deu co gia tri phdp li nhu nhau.
Cdng udc khdng dua ra bat ki uu tien hoac thii bac nao cho cac kenh tdng dat nay. Cac quoc gia tham gia Cdng udc cd quyln lira chpn sir dung kenh tdng dat ndo ma hp thay phu hpp vdi dieu kien cua qudc gia minh.
Can luu y la viec long dat qua kenh thay thS cd the bi phan ddi. Tuy nhien, viec phan doi kenh thay the phai dupc neu ngay tit diu khi gia nhap Cdng udc.
Cac gidy td dugc chuyin cho co quan trung uong cua nudc ngoai trong khudn khfl
TAP CHI LUAT HOC SO 11/2016 NGHIEN CUV - TRAO BOI
ap dung Cdng udc dugc ldm theo mau dan thdng nh^t. Vdi mau dan chung, dp dung thdng nhdt nen khi ca quan tiep nhan dan de ddng xdc djnh ndi dung vin dl. Cdch th\rc tnnh bdy cua don cung ro rdng, trong dd cd muc de ngudi nop don Iua chpn phuang thiic tdng dgt giay td ma ca quan trang uang cua nudc nhgn tdng dat phdi tien hdnh.
Khi nhdn dugc yeu cau tdng dgt, ca quan tmng uang cua nudc nhdn tong dgt phai nhanh chdng tien hdnh kiem tra so bg. Dilu 4 Cdng udc quy djnh: "Trong trudng hap ca quan trung uang cho rdng yeu cdu tdng dgt khong phii hap vai cdc quy dinh cda Cong udc ndy thi phdi thong bdo ngay cho nguai giri vd niu ro l( do tu choi yeu cdu ". Ngodi ra, Cdng udc cdn quy dinh khi ydu cau tong dat man thu cdc dieu khoan cua Cdng udc nay nhung viec tdng dgt xam phgm chii quyen hodc an ninh cua nudc cd dia chi tdng dat thi nudc dd cd the tir chdi yeu cau tdng dgt. Trong trudng hpp tir chdi, ca quan trang uong thdng bao ngay lap tiic cho ngudi yeu cau va neu ro nguySn nhdn tit chdi (Dieu 13 Cdng udc).
Sau khi ki§m tra vd chap nhan yeu cau tdng dat, CO quan trang uong ciia nudc nhan tdng dat td chiic tiSn hdnh viec tdng dgt theo nhihig ySu cau cu the ghi trong don. Co quan trang uong cua nudc dupc ydu cau s6 tu minh tdng dat tdi lieu hoac yeu cau mot co quan phu hgp tdng dat cho ngudi can tdng dai trong pham vi lanh thd nudc minh va theo quy trinh, thu tuc ciia phdp iuat cua nudc nhan tdng dgt hodc bang phuang thiic cu the do nudc yen cau de nghj song phai phil hgp vdi phap luat cua nudc dugc yeu cau. Co quan trang uong cua nudc dupc yeu
cau cd the y€u cau tdi lieu phai dugc lap bang hodc dugc djch sang ngdn ngii chinh thiic hodc mpt trong nhiing ngdn ngu chfnh thiic cua nudc c6 dia chi tdng dgt (Dieu 5).
Nhu vay, Cdng udc khdng gay trd ngai cho phdp luat trong nudc va khdng ySu cau cac qudc gia thanh vien phai dua ra phuang thiic hoac md hinh tong dat mdi ma chi thay ddi each Ihiic gui (kenh chuyen giao) giay td tu phap va (hoac) ngoai tu phdp ciia cdc qudc gia thanh vien.
Theo danh gia cua cdc quoc gia thdnh vien, cac quy dinh cua Cdng udc dugc thuc hien rat thuan Igi, khdng gdp trd ngai nao va hau nhu cac qudc gia thanh yien khdng phdi sua ddi phap luat trong nudc. Cung theo sd lieu ma Ban thu kf da thdng k§, cdch thiic tdng dgt iheo quy dinh cita Cdng udc nhanh vd hieu qua hon rat nhieu lan so vdi cdch thiic tdng dgt khdng theo Cdng udc. Cu the Id 70% sd lupng yeu cdu cua cdc qudc gia thanh vien dugc thuc hi?n cd ket qua chi trong ihdi gian khoang 2 thang.^^'
1.3. Ve vdn de chi phi tdng dat Cdng udc quy dinh ve chi phi tdng dgt tai Dieu 12.''^* Theo dd, viec thuc hien tdng dat giay td tu phdp cua cac nudc kf ket la mien phf. Day la nguyen tac trayin thdng
(5). Nguon: hitp://vielnamese-Iaw-consultancy.com/
vietnamese/content/browse.php?action=shownews&
topicid=I582, tray c^p ngay 21/4/2016.
(6). Dieu 12: "Tong dgt lai lieu irong td lung lu mgt nudc ki ket khong lam plidt sinh bdt kl su ilianh loan hay bdi hoan cho cdc kliodn iliue hogc chi phi nao cfio vi$c long dat do nirdc co dia chi long 3gt giiip dd.
Nguai yeu cdu chi phdi trd hoac hodn trd clii phi do:
a. vi?c ihui mudn ciia cdn bp lu phdp hodc ngudi co thdm quyen ilieo piidp lugt ciia nuac nhgn tdng dgt;
b. vi4c su dimg mgi bi^n phdp long dgt d0c bi?t".
TAP CHI LUAT HOC S 6 11/2016 NGHIEN CVV-TRAO BOI
trong quan he tuong trp tu phdp. Tuy nhi§n, trSn lh\rc te, viec thu phf thuc hien tdng dat giay td cua cac nudc thanh vien la khde nhau. Nhin chung, viec thu phf dugc chia thanh 3 each thirc:*''
Thu nhdt, khdng thu phi ddi vdi tdng dgt giiy td, trir trudng hgp dac biet hogc ydu can tdng dat theo phuang thiic cu the, vi du:
Vuang qudc Anh, Tay Ban Nha, Thuy Sy, Thuy Dien, Diic, An Dp.
Thu hai, dua ra miic phf cd dinh cho cac loai tdng dat giay td trpng pham vi cua Cdng udc ve tdng dat. Vf dy: Hoa Ky quy dinh miic phf la 95 dd la My, Ca-na-da la 50 do la Canada. O Uc, do la nudc lien bang nen quy dinh ve miic phf d cdc bang ciing khde nhau, bang New South Wales dua ra miic phf la 59 dd la Uc, bang Victoria cd miic phf la 32 dd la Uc ddi vdi tdng dat thanh cdng va 23 dd Uc ddi vdi tdng dat khdng thanh cdng.
Thit ba, dua ra miic gid san. Vf du: Nhat Ban thu phf tdng dat trong trudng hgp hogt dgng tdng dat do ca quan canh sat thuc hi?n (marshals). Miic phi la 1.800 yen Nhat doi vdi tdng dat vao gid lam viec ciia ngay trong tuan hoac 4.200 yen ddi vdi tdng dat vao thai gian budi dem, cuoi tuan hoac ngay le cdng vdi chi phi di lai cua canh sat la 37 yen/km tir toa an co tham quyen den dia diem ciia duong su tong dat. Tod an se giri hoa dan CLing vdi ket qua tong dgt. Trang Qudc la tmdng hgp ngoai le khdng thu theo phucmg thirc tren ma thu tren co sd cd di cd Igi, tiic nudc nao ap dung thu phf vdi tdng dat giay td ciia Trung Qudc thi Trang Quoc cung se ihu phi ddi vdi
cac tai lieu tdng dat cua nudc dd.
Ngodi ndi dung tren, Cdng udc cdn quy djnh v l ca quan cd t h i m quyln cua qudc gia ihanh vien xet xii vdng mat hi dan. Theo Cdng udc, tham phan khdng dua ra ban an, quylt dinh khi bi don vdng mat cho den khi viec tdng dgi dugc thuc hien trong dieu kien nhdt dinh va trong khoang thdi gian nhat dinh (doan 1 Dieu 15). Tuy nhien, ban an, quyet dinh cd the dugc tuyen khi vdng mat bi don neu dap ling mgt sd dieu kien cu the (doan 2 Dilu 15).
2. Van de gia n h a p Cong v d c L a hay n a m 1965 ciia Vict N a m
2.1. Thuc tien uy thdc tir phdp quoc te ve dan su a Vict Nam vd qua trinh gia nhdp Cong udc
Theo Bao cao ciia Bd tu phap so 557/BC-CP ngay 21/10/2015,'^' trong nam 2015, sd lugng yeu cau uy thac tu phap ve ddn su ciia Viet Nam guri di va yeu can uy thac tu phdp ve dan su cua c a quan cd tham quyen ciia nudc ngoai den Viet Nam vdn duy tri d mirc tuang duang vdi nam 2014.
- Uy thac tu phap theo yeu cdu ciia ca quan cd tham quyen cua Viet Nam:
Tdng sd y§u cau uy thdc tu phdp cua cdc CO quan cd tham quyen ciia Viet Nam da gui di qua dau moi Eg tu phap la 3.149 ygu cdu.
Trong dd cd 2.661 yeu cdu (chilm gin 85%
tong sd yeu cau uy thac tu phap) dupc guti
(7).Xem; ThS. Pham Ho Huong, tldd.
(8). Ngu6n: https://www,google.com/webhp?sourceid=
chrome-instant&ion-]&espv-2&ie=UTF-8#q-C%
C3%B4ng+%C6%B0%El%BB%9Bc+la+hay+196!
+v%El%BB%81+mi?i.El%BB%85ii+h%El%BB%
A3p+ph%C37cAlp+h%C3%B3a&start=20, truy c$p ngay 21/4/2016.
T A P CHI L U A T H Q C S O 11/2016 NGHIEN CIJV - TRAO B6I
den nhimg nudc chua cd dieu udc qudc ve tucmg trg tu phap vdi Vi?t Nam.
Ting sd y£u eiu uy thdc tu phapcd tra ldi Id 2.126/3.149 yfiu eiu (chilm gin 68%).
Cdc ho sa uy thdc tu phap theo yeu eiu cua ca quan cd tham quyln cua Viet Nam vdn chii ylu Id tdng dat giiy td, tai lieu, ban an, cdc quyet dinh ciia toa dn, yeu eiu vl thu thdp chiing cii, liy ldi khai cua duang su ho§c ngudi ed quyln Igi va nghia vu lien quan den vu viec, tap tmng d cac linh vuc hdn nhan va gia dinh, hanh chinh, Iao ddng va cac vu viSc vl hd tich.
Cac nudc va viing lanh thd ma Viet Nam gui yeu eiu uy thdc tu phap nhilu nhat van id Hoa Ky, Ca-na-da, Dai Loan, Australia va Hdn Qudc.
So sanh ket qud chung thuc hien yeu cau uy thac tu phap giri ra nudc ngoai nam 2015 vdi ndm 2014 cho thay ti le yeu cdu uy thac tu phdp giri di cd tra ldi tang gin 15%.'^' Tuy nhien, ti le cd trd ldi tir nhung nudc da cd dieu udc qudc te vdi Viet Nam lai giam 6%.
- Uy thac tu phdp theo yeu eiu ciia co quan cd tham quyen cua nude ngoai:
Bd tu phap da nhgn dugc 805 yeu cdu uy thdc tu phdp ve dan su cua ctia co quan cd tham quyen nude ngoai va chuyen cho cac co quan cd tham quyen irong nudc thuc hien.
Ket qua Ihuc hien dugc theo dieu udc qudc te dat 57%, ket qua thuc hien cho cdc nudc chua cd dieu udc qudc te la 59%, nhin chung deu tang so vdi ket qua thuc hien nam 2014.""'
(9). Nam 2014, so ygu ceiu uy th^c tu phdp gili di nuoc ngo.'ii c6 tra loi la 1.793/3.360 ySu eiu {chiSni gSn 53%).
(10). Nam 2014. ti le yeu cau uy thdc tu phap ciia
Cung tuong tu nhu uy thac tu phdp theo yeu cau ciia ca quan cd tham quyln ciia Vipt Nam, uy thac tu phdp theo yeu eiu ciia co quan cd tham quyen cua nudc ngoai lien quan chu ylu den tdng dat giiy td, tai lieu, thu thap chiing cii, lay ldi khai duong su trong cdc vu viec ve hdn nhan va gia dinh, xac minh quan he cha-me-con, yeu cau cdp dudng sau khi li hdn, ygu cau ve quyen nudi con sau khi li hdn, cdc vu viec thuang mai va lao dpng.
Tir sd lieu tren cd the thay ti le uy thdc tu phap ndi chung va uy thac tu phap ve tdng dgt ndi rieng ket qua khdng cao. Do dd, viec gia nhap Cdng udc la het siic cdn thilt ddi vdi Viet Nam. Nghien ciru so sanh quy dinh ciia Cdng udc va phdp luat Viet Nam cho thay cac quy dinh cua Cdng udc khdng anh hudng den nhiing quy djnh cua ludt trong nudc cua nudc thanh vien Cdng udc, han niia cac quy dinh cua Cdng udc phCi hgp vdi cac quy dinh cua Hien phdp ndm 2013, nhit la cac van de lien quan den bao v^ quyln Igi chfnh dang ciia ngirdi Viet Nam d nudc ngoai va ngudi nudc ngodi tai Viet Nam theo quy dinh tai Dieu 18, Dilu 48; ddm bao quyln bao ve Igi ich hgp phap cua duong su tai Dieu 103; the hien dudng Idi ddi ngoai chit ddng, tfch cue hdi nhap, hgp tac qudc te tai Dilu 12.
Trudc thirc tl dd, ngay 26/12/2014, Chfnh phii da cd Td trtnh s6 537/TTr-CP trtnh Chu tich nudc ve viec gia nhgp Cdng udc. Tren co sd Td trtnh ciia Chfnh phu, Chu tich nudc da cd Td trinh sd 02/TTr-CTN ngay 12/6/2015 trinh Quoc hdi. Theo quy dinh ciia Luat kf ket, gia nhap va thuc hien
nuoc ngoai dupc ca quan co tham quyln Vi?t Nam thirc hi^n c6 tra loi d^t 50%.
TAP CHI LUAT HQC SO 11/2016 NGHIEN CUV-TRAO Bdi
dieu udc qudc tl nam 2005, Chinh phit da giri Qudc hpi Bdo cao sd 454/BC-CP ngay 23/9/2015 ve vi^c gia nhdp Cdng udc nay.
Tai phien hgp Idn thur 42, ngdy I3/I0/20I5, Uy ban thudng vu Qu6c hdi da nhit tri ve vifc gia nhap Cdng udc ve tdng dat gidy td.
Ngdy 16/3/2016. trudng doan cdng tdc cua Vift Nam tham d\r phien hgp Hgi ddng cdc %an de chung va chfnh sdch cua Hdi nghj La Hay ve tu phap qudc te tgi Hd Lan da chinh thiic df trtnh vdn kien Vift Nam xin gia nhap Cdng udc. Ngay sau nhgn van kien xin gia nhap cua Vift Nam, dai dien Bg ngogi giao Ha Lan - ca quan luu chilu cua Cdng udc da cd Cdng ham Ihdng bdo viec nop van kifn ciia Vift Nam. Theo dd, Cdng udc se cd hieu luc vdi Vift Nam nlu khdng cd bat ki phan ddi nao tir cac qudc gia thanh vign da phe chuan Cdng udc trudc ngay ngp van kifn gia nhgp cua Viet Nam. Thdng bao phan ddi phai dupc giri den ca quan luu chilu trong thdi han 6 thdng sau ngdy co quan luu chieu thdng bao cho qudc gia dd ve viec gia nhap eua Viet Nam. Thdi ban 6 thang nay da kit thuc vao ngay 30/9/2016 vd khdng cd su phan ddi nao tir cdc qudc gia thanh viSn khac.
Do vay, Cdng udc chfnh thiic cd hieu luc vdi Viet Nam tir ngdy 01/10/2016.^'"
2.2. Tuyen bo cita Viet Nam khi gia nhgp Cong udc
Kem theo van kien gia nhap, Viet Nam dua ra cac tuyen bd sau:''^'
Viet Nam chi dmh Bd tu phap la co
{ll).Xem: Viil Nam chinh thiic nop Vdn kien gia nhdp Cong uac La Hay ve" idng dgt gidy to", tldd.
{12).Xem Viet Nam chinh (hire ngp Vdn kien gia nhdp Cong udc La Hay ve" long 3gi gidy t&\ tldd
10
quan trang uong ddng thdi \h co quan cd thim quyln tgi Dilu 6 vd Dilu 9 Cdng udc.
- Ngdn ngD: trong giiy td Id tilng Vift hodc kem theo ban dich tilng Viet (khdng dp d\mg vdi kenh tong dgt true tilp qua ca quan ngogi giao lanh sir hodc kenh buu dien khi tong dgt cho ngudi nhan la cdng ddn nudc giii vi ngudi nhan dugc cho Id da hieu ngdn ngii cua nudc gui). Theo Cdng udc, Vift Nam chap nhgn mau y6u cau tdng dgt (trong kenh chfnh cua cdng udc) dugc diln bdng tieng Anh hoac tilng Phap nhung dl nghj cac nudc dien mdu bang tilng Vift hodc kem theo ban djch tieng Vift nhdm tgo dilu kien thuc thi nhanh chdng tai Viet Nam.
- Viet Nam ciing tuyen bd dp diing doan 2 Dieu 15 Cdng udc, theo dd trudng hpp khdng nhan dugc giay xdc nhan kit qua ting dgt, tham phan cd the dua ra phdn quyet vang mdt bi dan neu dam bao nhung dieu kien dugc dua ra tgi dilu khoan nay.
- Dieu khoan bao luu: Kenh tdng dgt true tiep qua dudng ngogi giao hoac lanh su chi dupc dp dung vdi cdng dan ciia nudc giii giay td (dugc cho phep theo quy dinh cua khoan 2 Dieu 8), khdng dp dung cdc kenh tdng dat qua ngudi cd tham quyen hoac cdn bd tu ph^
(theo quy djnh tgi doan b va c Dilu 10), ap dung kenh buu difn vdi dilu kien gui qua thu bdo dam (theo quy dinh tai dogn a Dilu 10).
2.3. Nhung tdc dong cua Cong udc doi vdi Viet Nam
Hdi nghi La Hay ve tu phap qudc tl da thdng qua nhilu cdng udc dieu chinh hoat ddng t6 tung nhung Cdng udc la quan trong nhit uong ITnh vuc tdng dat giiy td ra nudc ngoai phyc vu true tilp cho hogt dgng td tung.
Cdng udc quy dinh cac kenh idng dgt giiy to
TAP CHI LUAT HOC SO 11/2016 NGHIEN CUV - TRAO DOI vdi thii tuc don gian, lao su linh hogt cho cac
qudc gia thanh vien lua chpn dp dung each thuc phu hpp nhdt vdi dieu kien cua minh va dat hieu qua cao.
- Ve kinh te-xa hgi, viec gia nhap Cdng udc se gdp phan thiic day giao luu dan sir, ihuang mai va qua dd cai thien mdi trudng dau tu, kinh doanh cua Viet Nam ihdng qua vifc nang cao hieu qua giai quyet cac vu viec can uy ihdc tu phap ra nudc ngoai. Cu the, se giup cho hoat dgng tong dat giay td ciia Viet Nam ra nudc ngoai cd ket qua va ihdi gian thuc hien ngdn hem nhieu so vdi quy trinh ihirc hien uy thac hien nay. Dong thai, giai quyet dugc linh trang "ach tac" trong cong lac tucmg trg tu phap ve dan sir va xcl xir cac vu viec dan su cd yeu to nudc ngoai, dam bao quy trinh id lung, bao ve quyen va Igi I'ch chfnh dang ciia id chiic va ca nhan Viet Nam va nudc ngoai. Ben canh dd. nhung virdng mac phat sinh trong qua Irinh ihuc hien long dat giay td cung se dupc kip thdi xir If, tranh dugc linh trang khong biel dugc nguyen nhan eham tre trong viec thuc hien uy thac lu phap vdi cac vu viec dan sir cu the hien nay.
- Viec tham gia Cdng irdc ciing gdp phan giup Viet Nam hoan thien he thong the che lien quan den lu phap qudc le Ihdng qua vice ap dung nhung ehuan muc qudc te ve tong dat giay id.*''^' tao dieu kien ihuan igi cho cac hoal dgng giao luu kinh te, ihuang mai va dan su ciia ngudi dan, doanh nghiep va cac td chiJc, qua dd thuc day hoi nhap quae tc cua dat nirdc.
- Viec Viel Nam gia nhap Cdng irdc, hien thuc hoa quyen va nghia vu thanh vien
(13) Xem: Dieu 474 Bp luat l6 tung dan su nSm 2015
Hdi nghi La Hay ve tu phap qudc te ciia Viet Nam. Cu the, khi trd thanh thanh vien Cdng udc, Viet Nam se cd quyen yeu cau cac qudc gia thanh vien khac ihuc hien cac yeu cau tdng dat giay td tu phap va ngoai tu phap ciia minh theo quy djnh lai Cdng udc; cd quyen ap dung hodc bao luu cac hinh thitc long dat ciia Cdng udc, phii hgp vdi phap luat va dieu kien cua minh va rut khoi Cdng udc bat ki thdi diem nao (bdng each giri thdng bao cho ca quan luu chieu Cdng udc theo Dieu 30 Cdng udc). Dong thdi, khi trd thanh qudc gia thanh vien ciia Cdng udc, Viet Nam cd nghTa vu ihirc hien cac yeu cau long dat giay Id cua cac quoc gia thanh vien khac phii hgp vdi pham vi, yeu cau va quy trinh thii tuc dugc quy djnh lai Cdng udc nay./.
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO 1. Pham Hd Huong, chuyen de 13: "Kinh
nghiem quuc le ve gia nhap, thuc hien Cdng udc La Hay ve tdng dat ra nudc ngoai giay id tu phap va ngoai tu phap trong ITnh virc dan sir hoac thuong mai", De lai nghien cuu khoa hgc cap ca sd:
"Hoi nghi La Hay ve tu phdp quoc te - Mot so vdn de If ludn vd thuc lien", Trudng Dai hgc Luat Ha Ngi, thang 01/2016 2. hltp://www.cpv.org.vn/cpv/Modules/New
s/NewsDc tail,aspx?co_id=30106&cn_id
=689994, truy cap ngay 21/5/2016.
3. hUp://vielnamese-Iaw-consullancy.com/
vietnamcse/conlenl/browse.php?aclion=
shownews&topicid-1582.
4. "Viet Nam chinh time nop Vdn kien gia nhdp Cung mk La Hay ve tdng dgt gidy tc/\
nguon: hUp://www.moj.gov.vn/qt/lintuc/
Pages/thong-tin-khac.aspx?ItemlD=2394.
II
