irt NIlM 87 NAM NGAY BAO C H I CACH Mi^NG V|6T NAM (21 -6-1925 - 21-6-2012 g
TRACH NHIEM XA HOI VA NGHIA VU CONG DAN CUA NHA BAO
^ A Nam nay, b i o gidi laUlc lihk cimg nh4n d ^ c i nvUlc Iiy ni^m 87 nam / y N g i y B a o c h l c 4 c h m ? n g W t N a m ( 2 1 - 6 - 1 9 2 S - 2 1 - 6 - 2 0 1 2 ) . K t n i ^ m
ngiy tiay£n t h d i ^ B i o chi cic^ mang l i dip d £ b i o gidi c i laidc n^im suy v£ trich n h i ^ xa h^i ciia n h i bio, vl! si^ g i n b6 chat che giuia b i o chi vdi c d i ^ chiing; l i dip d£ cf p uy Ding, chinh quySn cic citp neu cao ttich nhiem, t^o di&i kien tdt h<4n cho b i o chi hoat dpng vl 1^ ich cua cpng ddng, za hoi...
• GS,TS DiroING XUAN NGQC Hpc vi$n Bao chi va Ihyen truyen 1. Trong xa hoi ta hien nay, lam bao la mOt ngh^, nhimg la mpt nghe d$c Met, mang tinh chSt mpt hoat dpng chinh tri - xa hpi rdng 16n va sau sic. Moi tac pham bao chi, du vdi thfi loai nao, d^u true tigp hoac gi4n tiSp tac dpng dfin tam tu, tinh ctoi c6ng chiing, lay dpng ttoi hdn, gop phto huftng dSn du luan xa hpi, dinh hudng tu tu6ng, xdc lap thdi d0 va hanh vi ciia m6i nguoi. Dac biet, trong bfil canh trong nuoc vk thS gifii dang thay ddi nhanh chdng, khd luong, thdi CO v4 thach thuc dan xen; cupc cSch m?ng khoa hpc va cdng nghe cd nhung budc phat trifo dot phi vdi sir bung nd va hpi tu ciia cdng nghe thdng tin, d^ thich ilng vdi thdi cudc, tiSp tuc duoc xa h0i thua nh$n va tdn vinh, bio chi ndi chung, ngudi lam bao ndi rifing c ^ neu cao trach nhiem xa hdi va dao dude nghS nghiep.
6 nude ta, toi nay cd trSn 720 co quan bao chi vdi tren 800 an phim, k6nh sdng,
chucmg trinh: tren 470 tap chi; 2 dai phat thanh, truydn hinh qudc gia, 1 dai truydn hinh nginh va 63 dai phit thanh truyen hinh tinh, thdnh pho vdi tren 16 nghin nha bao chuySn nghiSp. Vdi luc luiyng hiing h^u nay, bdo chi nude ta - ti^ng ndi cda Ddng, Nha nude, ciia td chiic chinh tri - xa hdi va la di^n dan cua nhan dan, thuc su ddng vai trd ngay cang to Idn ddi vdi su nghiep ddi mdi va phdt triln ddt nude.
Su nghi$p ddi mdi toan dien ddt nude da trdi qua chdng dudng hon 25 ndm, nhu Ding ta da khdng dinh, da thu dtzq/c nhung thdnh tini to Idn va rdt quan trpng: chiing ta da tranh thii thdi co, thuan lpi, vupt qua ithiiu khd khdn, thdch thuc, nhit la nhiing tdc dpng ti§u ci;c ciia hai cuOc khiing hoing tdi chinh - kinh tS khu vuc vd toan cdu, dat dupe nhOng thdnh tuu to Idn vd rdt quan trpng, ddt nude dd ra khdi tinh tr^ng kem phdt tri^n, budc vao nhdm nude dang phdt trign cd thu nhjp trung binh... Di$n mao ciia ddt nude cd nhieu thay ddi. The va luc oia nude ta vihig manh them nhiCu: vi the l.yiUiNCHlNHTR|-So 6/2012
K * N I E M 8 7 N A M NGAYBAOCHICACHMANGVlfTNAM(21-6-1925-21-6-2012 cQa Vi$t Nam tr6n trudng qudc tS dupe ndng
len, t^o ra nhung ti^n d^ quan trpng SS diy nhanh cdng nghidp hod, hi$n d^ii hda vd nang cao chit lirpng cuOc sdng ciia nhdn ddni'i. Tuy nhi6n, bSn cfinh nhiing thinh t\ru, vin cdn nhiSu h?n chS, bit cip: mjt trdi ciia n^n kinh tg thj trudng dinh hudng XHCN ngdy cdng bdc 10 vd tic ddng tiSu ctic vio mpi m^t cua ddi sfing xd hOi: tinh trang suy thodi v6 tu tudng chinh tri, dgo diic, ldi sdng, b0nh co hdi, chu nghia cd nhdn vd t^
quan li6u, tham nhung, ldng phi trong mdt bO ph$n cdn bd, cdng chiic diSn ra nghidm trpng: hien tirpng "thuong mji hpd" phit tri^n trdn lan k^ cd d cdc linh vije xa hdi, giio due vdn hoi va bdo chi. DSi vdi linh vvre bdo chi, cdn mdt sd bdo chua 1dm tdt chiic ndng tu tudng - vdn hda, cdn ch^y theo lpi nhuin don thuan vi thj hiSu tdm thudng ciia mpt sd it cdng chiing: ndng v€ thdng tin nhimg mdt tieu cue, mdt trii cua xa hdi va nhiing thdng tin gi|t gan, cau khdch, thidu tinh gidc diiC dinh hudng tu tudng va hinh dOng.
Mpt sd it ngudi lam bdo dOng co khdng trong sdng, thi^u thdi dp xay dung vd trich nhiem vdi xd hdi. Ci biet cdn cd trudng hpp lpi dung chdng tieu ctrc dS 1dm vi$c tieu cue, tilfp tay cho tieu cue, tham nhung, budn l|u.
"MOt sd CO quan bio chi thiSu nh?y ben chinh trj, chua 1dm tdt chiic ndng tu tudng, vdn hoi, cd bieu hi^n xa rdi su Idnh d^o ciia Ding, su quan ly ciia Nhi nude, xa rdi tdn chi, muc dich, thdng tin khdng trung thtrc, thiSu chinh xic, phin inh nhiSu vi tidu eve vi t$ nan xd hdi. It tuyen truySn cdc diSn hinh uen tidn, guong ngudi tdt, vide tfit, cd vii phong trio thi dua ydu nude; khuynh hudng tu nhan hod, thuong mai hod bip chi, tu nhdn nup bdng di ra bdo, kinh doanh bio clii ngdy cang tdng"*^'. Trude tinh hinh nhu viy, bio chi vd mdi ngudi 14m bao cin 1dm
gi vi lim nhu thd ndo Si gdp phin ciing todn Ding, toin ddn glQ vtrng dn dinh chinh tri, ti«p tyc ddi mdi vi phdt trign dit nude theo djnh hudng XHCN vi mye tidu din gidu, nirdc m^inh, din chu, cdng bing, vdn minh? Di^u dd ehi cd the tri ldi mdt cich rd rdng vi diit khodt Id: phii ndng cao trich nhi$m xd hdi ciia bdo chi Vidt Nam ndi chung, trich nhi$m xd hdi vd nghia vy cdng ddn ciia nhd bdo ndi rieng.
2. Tu ndm 1983, Td chuc qudc ti cic nhd bdo (lOJ) dd neu Idn 10 nguydn tdc qudc ti eiia d?o diic nghe nghidp 1 ^ bdo chuyen nghiep md bit ky td chile vd nhi bio ehuydn nghi$p nio cung phii tudn theo'^', trong dd trdeh nhidm xd hOi eiia n h i bio dupe d?lc biet nhin m?nh; 1) Quydn ciia con ngudi dupe biSt thdng tin thtrc su; 2) Thdi dd tan tdm ciia nhd bio ddi vdi str thuc khich quan:
3) Trdch nhi$m xd hpi cua nhi bio: 4) Tinh Uem chinh nghd nghidp cua nhd bio; S) Su tidp cjn vi tham gia cua cdng chung; 6) Tdn trpng sii ridng tu vd phim gid con ngudi; 7]
Tdn trpng lpi ich cdng: cpng ddng eic ddn tpc, edc the chd din chO vi nhin cdch cdng chiing; 8) Tdn trpng nhung gii tri todn cdu vd str da dang eiia edc ndn vdn hod; 9) Loai tru chidn tranh va nhiing tai hpa Idn khic m i nhin lo^i dang phii ddi m$t; 10) Phdt triSn thdng tin thd gidi mdi vd nOi quy truydn thdng.
M$e dii eho tdi nay cdn cd f lain khic nhau vd khdi nidm trdch nhl$m xd hdi, song giOa nhimg didm khdc bi$t vin cd d i t e tuong ddng, thdng nhit khi quan ni$m ring: trdch nhi$m xd h^i Id mot he chudn mt/cgidtrivi dao diic, theo dd, mot thuc iM, cd thi la mdt td chiic hoac cd nhan c6 nghia vif phdi hanh dgng dimang Itfi Igi ich c^ng ddng, xd hdi
Tir dd cd thd hieu ring, khi ndi trich nhi$m xa hdi cia bdo chi Id ndi ddn hi^u qua LfLUANCHfNHTR!-Si 6/2012
xa hdi ciia ho^t dpng bdo chi ndi chung, cdn khi ndi dSn trdch nhidm xd hdi cia nhi bio Id chu ydu ndi vd pham chit vd djo diic nghd nghidp eua nhd bdo. Vdi chuc ndng cung cip thdng tin, bdo chi, nha bdo ed trdeh nhi$m dem ddn cho cdng chiing nhiing thdng tin nhanh chdng, chdn thtic vi chinh xic nhu bin chit v6n cd cua nd. Thdng tin bio chi khdng ehi gdp phin dinh hudng du lujn xd hdi md cdn tdc dpng trvre tidp, sdu sic dSn den quydn lpi kinh td, chinh tri vd nhdn phim cua ci nhan, tap thg hojc cdng ddng.
Honthdnua,ticphambioehi,tidngndieCia nha bao cdn ed gid tri nhu mOt cdn cu phip ly ddng thdi Id Udng ndi phin bidn xd hdi.
Bdi the, ngudi 1dm bdo phdi ndu cao trdch nhiem xd h0i, ndu cao phim chit dao diic nghe nghiep, khdng dupe ciu thi trcng khai thdc, xit ly vd cung cip thdng tin, cing khdng chp phep vide cung cdp thdng tin sai sir th^t. Didu ndy qud that khdng di ehiit nao, thdm ehi cdn vd cimg gian khd, khdng It rui ro.nguy hidm, nhung ciing that hiing thu cua nghe bio thdi nay.
Trach nhiem xa hdi ciia bao ehi ddi hdi nhd bdo phii khdng ngimg trui ren pham chat chinh tri, dao dire nghd nghidp, ndng lire nghidp vu vi phai ndu cao y thiic cdng dan, chap hanh nghidm chinh Hidn phdp vd phdp luat trong ho^it ddng nghd nghiep. M0t khi guong miu vd thuc hidn tdt nghia vy cdng din thi cung cd nghia la nhd bdo dd 1dm tdt trdch nhiem xd h0i ciia minh. M^t khic, m0t khi thtrc hi$n tdt trich nhidm xd hdi thi ding ed nghia Id nhd bdo dd tdn trpng vd thtrc hidn tdt nghia vu cdng ddn. Hon nira, dd hoin thdnh tdt nghia vu cdng ddn vd trich nhidm xd h0i ddi hdi nhd bio phii ra sire hpc tjp, rdn luyen dd khdng ngilng ndng eac ndng luc vd pham chit d^o diic nghd nghidPi ddng thdi phii am hidu vd thtrc hidn
tdt hidn phdp vd phdp lu^t trong ho^t d0ng nghd nghiep cua minh.
3. Dd neu cap trich nhiem xd hpi vd nghia vy cdng ddn cua nhd bio trong thdi ky phit triSn mdi cua dit nude ddi hdi nhd bio phdi h0i dii cdc phim chit co bdn sau:
Mdt Id, nhd bdo phdi cd tuduy mdi, gidi u^chuySn mdn, tinh thdng vingMnghi^p.
Ong cha ta da d?y "Nhit ngh$ tinh, nhdt than vinh": "mdt nghd eho chin hon chin, mudi nghd". Nhiing ldi chi d^y dd vin giir nguydn gid tri trong thdi d^ toan ciu hoi.
Tu duy, tim nhin toin ciu vd su tinh thdng nghd nghidp vin se Id phim chit ciia cdng ddn tpdn cdu.
Thvrc td trong bdi cinh toin cau hoi, stf canh tranh nghd nghidp sd didn ra ngdy cdng gay gdt vd quydt lidt hem, ddc biet trong linh vuc hogt ddng bio chi, truydn thdng. Bdi vay, trdeh nhidm xd hpi eiia nhd bdc, trude hdt phdi dtzgc thi hidn d nh^n thiic mdi, tu duy mdi phin dnh str am tudng, tinh thdng ve nghd nghidp. Co nhu vay nhi bdo mdi viing vdng vd "hiit phdp" khi tdc nghidp.
Hon nira, trong dieu kidn hi6n nay, khi ma eac logi hinh bao chi dang cd xu hudng dan xen, ldng ghep vao nhau, thi su tinh thdng nghd nghidp khdng chi dupe the hidn d chd nhi bio phii "gidi" ve chuyen mdn, nghidp vu, ndng ddng, sdng tao trong vide
"sdn" tin, t jo ngudn tin, nudi tin, phdt tridn tin, md hon niia, phdi "thuin thue", "sing t^o" thao tic cic cdng cy truydn thdng da phirong tidn trong hoat dpng nghidp vy dd xdy dimg nhftng tac pham bin ehi cd chdt lupng, gid tri cao ddp ling nhu cau phong phu da dang cua cdng ehiing thai md ciia, hpi nhip.
Hai Id, nhd bdo phdi Id ngudi ndm viing phdp ludt va guong mdu tdc nghiip theo phdp ludt.
lyiUANCHlNHTRI-Si6/2012
K* NlfiM 87 NAM NGAY B A O C H I C A C H M A N G V I 6 T N A M (21-6-1925-21-6-2012
Cdng CU0C ddi mdi trcng 25 qua dd thu nhieu thdnh tyu tp Idn, trong dd, d$e bidt quan trpng Id dd t^p ra dupe nhiing tidn dd, didu kien vi mdi trudng vdn hni chinh trj cho viec giii phdng nhirng tidm ndng sdng tjo cia mdi ngudi, trong dd cd edc nhd bdo.
M0t Nhd nude phdp quydn xd hOi chu nghia Viet Nam ciia ddn, do ddn vd vi ddn ngiy cing dupe xic Idp, eiing cd vi tdng cudng:
quydn dan chu cua nhdn ddn ngdy cdng dupe dd cao vd phdt huy. Thyc td ndy cho phdp vd ddi hdi rdt eao ngudi 1dm bio phdi nim virng phip lujt vd guong miu tdc nghidp trong khudn khd phdp luit.
Thdi gian qua dd ed nhihig trudmg hpp ddng tide xiy ra, cd trudng h(;>p nhd bdo thdnh tdm, dam md vdi nghd nghidp, song da vudng phii "vdng lao If, thdm chi cd nhd bao phai chim diit nghd bdo ma sudt ddi mudn theo dudi khdng phii do ndng lye kdm, eiing khdng phii do phim chdt dao dire kem, ma do chinh su kdm hidu bidt vd phdp luat din ddn vide vi pham phdp lu^t trong boat dpng nghidp vy. Da ddn liic, cin canh bio: nha bio ngoai phdm chdt "mit sdng, long trong, tinh thdng nghd nghidp", cdn phai hieu bidt sdu ve phdp lu^t, trude hdt Id Luit Bio ehi dd dinh hirdng cho ho^t dOng nghd nghidp ciia minh, trdnh mic phii nhtrng sai lim khdng dang cd, nhirng "rui ro" nghd nghidp.
Ba Id, nhd bdo phdi cd bdn link trong thifc hanh tdn chi, muc tieu ciia mdi t& bdo vd trong xii ly nhOng tinh huffngcd vdn dS.
Trdch nhidm xd h0i cung ddi hdi nhi bio phii ed bin linh dd phdn bidt cai gi dung dd iing h0, cdi gi sai dd chdng l?i. Bin linh trong thtrc hinh tdn chi muc tidu eua td bdo ciing chinh la trdch nhi^m xd hpi eiia nhd bdo.
Ddc biet, trade nhirng tinh hudng cd vdn dd hay dau tranh chdng tieu cue, chSng tham
nhung, cic nhd bdo (nhit Id cdc nhd bdo thyc hidn phdng sy didu tra) thudng bi nhidu ip lye vi bj cic thd lye chSng ddi bdng mpi thii do?n "vdy dp" tir mpi hudng. Lim bio thdi nay, nhd bdo thudng phii ddi mdt vdi sy that li: ranh gidi giira cdi dung vd cdi sai hdt sire mong manh, cd khi thay ddi hdm nay li sai nhung ngdy mai l?i diing hodc hidn t?i Id ddng nhung thdi gian sau lai sai...
Nghidt ngd hon Id, trong qud trinh lim rd dung sai, nhi bdo thudng vip phii su chdng tri, su phin cdng quydt lidt tir eic thd Itrc xiu mudn che giiu, bio vd cii sai, cii xiu.
Bdng nhiing thu do?n xio quydt, tinh vi: gdy ip lye "tiJ b6n tren", hdm dpa, "khung bd bing tin nhin", thdm ehi bing tidn, tdi, eho dn choi sa dpa dd dira nhiing n h i bio thidu bin linh "s4p biy" vdi vd sd nhiing tii lidu, chiing cii, ldi le xdu xa. Trong trudng hpp nhu thd dd khdng hidm nhung bdi bdo, nhiing ngdi but bi bd cong, luong tdm, d^o dire nhd bdo bi hoen 6... Trude nhiing cii xiu, cii ic, trade nhiing hidn tupng tidu eye, mdi cin bdn linh vi sy dung cim diu tranh eua cdc nhd bdc dd gdp phin cung cd nidm tin ciia nhin din vdi Ding, chinh quydn vi chd d0. Lim dupe nhu viy, bio chi mdi thjt sy li kdnh thdng tin qua trpng trong qud trinh Idnh d^o, chi d^o, quin ly vd didu hanh eua edc cip u^ ding, chinh quydn.
Bin linh chinh tri viing vang, dao diic nghd nghidp trong sing vi ndng lire nghd nghidp ciia nhd bio sd quydt dinh vide giii quydt mdi quan hd giua vide cung cip thdng tin nhanh chdng, chinh xic vdi vipe bao dim dung dinh hudng chinh tn. Sy nhay bdn chinh tri sd giup cho nha bdo phit hidn va nim bit dupe bin chit cua vin dd, tim kidm hinh thiic phan dnh phii hpp va chpn thdi didm thich hpp dd cdng bS thdng tin bio dam hidu qui nhit md vin giir vung dn dinh
Lf IUAN CHfNH TRI - So 6/2012
JD
chinh tri - xd h0i, khdng lim 10 bi mjt qudc gia, khdng gdy hoang mang trong du luin.
MuSn dip ling dupe ydu ciu dd, nhi bio cin phai cd ndng lye, cd bdn linh chinh tri viing ving vi d?o diic nghd nghidp trong sdng. Chii tjch Hd Chi Minh da d?y: "Cin b0 bio chi ciing Id chidn sy cdch m^ing. Cdy biit, trang giiy Id vu khi sic bdn ciia hp. Dd 1dm trdn nhidm vy vd vang ciia minh, cdn b0 bio chi cin tu duong dao diic cich m?ng"»'. Hon niia, dd Id nhd bdo ehuydn nghidp, khdng bao gid dupe qudn ldi d?y ciia Nhi bio Hd C2ii Minh: "Trude khi vidt phdi ty ddt cdu hdi:
Vidt cho ai? Vidt dd 1dm ^? Vidt thg ndo eho phd thdng dd hidu, ngin gpn dd dpe?"si.
Dd chinh la sy thd hidn rd rang nhit, sdu sic nhit trich nhidm xd hdi vd nghia vu cdng ddn eao ci eua nhd bdo.
Bdn Id, nhd bdo phdi Id mdt cdng ddn kifu mdu, trung thifc, sdng ttio vd tinh tg trong hoift ddng tdc nghidp.
Trong xd h0i vdn minh, nhd bdo ciing nhu mpi cdng ddn, mudn thtrc hanh tdt chiic ndng ctia minh, trude hdt phii Id mdt cdng din tdt. Dd Id eon ngudi ed tinh thdn ydu nude, ty hdo ddn t0c, phdn ddu vi d0c 14p ddn tdc vi CNXH, ed y chi viron Idn dua dat nuoc phdt tridn sdnh vai cimg cdc ddn t0c tidn bd trdn thd gidi; cd y thiic tip the, dodn kdt, phin ddu vi lpi ich chung; cd ldi sdng linh manh, ndp sdng vdn minh, cin Idem, tnmg thuc, nhdn nghia, tdn trpng ky cueng phdp nirdc, quy udc cia c0ng ddng;
edythiiebiovevdcdithidnmdi tnidng sinh thdi; lao ddng chdm chi vdi luong tdm nghd nghidp, cd ky thuit, sdng tao, ndng suit cao vi Igi ich cia ban than, gia dinh, tip thd vd xahpi...Honthdniia,vdim0t nghd ddc thu, de xdy dung mdt tdc pham bio chi cd chit lupng vi cd gii ti; cao, m0t cdng trinh khoa hpc cd y nghia, ddi hdi nhi bio phdi li m0t
cdng tidn kiiu mdu, trung thuc, sdng tao vd tinh tS, khdn khio trong hoat ddng tdc nghi$p. Trong boat d0ng nghidp vy, nhd bdo phii gidi vi thdnh thao ky ndng tdc nghidp tir khdu xdc dinh y tudng, ddnkhduthuth^p thdng tin, x i ly thdng tin, xdy dyng "kich bin" cho tie phim bio chi vd cudi cung Id bdi dip cho tdc phim bdo ehi dat dupe cic tidu chi cia mdt tdc phim bdo chi hay, hip din, cd tinh dinh hudng xa hpi. Lam bdo vira Id khoa hpc via 14 nghd thuat. Nhd bdo, do dd, cung cin phim chdt cia nhd khoa hpc vd ho?t ddng nghd nghidp phdi d?it ttinh dp nghe thujt. Duong thdi, Hd Chi Minh day nhfing ngudi 1dm cdng tie din van: "Ddn v4n khdo thi viec gi ciing thdnh cdng". Trong hosit ddng tdc nghidp, nhit Id khau tim tin, dd cd dupe tin ddp ung ydu cdu cia tdc pham bdo ehi, nhd bao cung phdi bidt ddn van, phdi gidi vd ehuydn mdn, nghidp vy vd phai tinh td, "khdn kheo" trong hdnh xi...a
(1) DCSVN: Van kien Dai hoi Bdng toan quoc lan thuXI, Nxb Chinh tn qudc gia. Ha Noi, 2011, tr...
(2) DCSVN: Van Uen Hoi nghi Tmng uong 5 khoa X, Nxb Chinh tri qudc gia. Hi Npi, 2007, tr.37.
(3) To chirc quoc te cdc nha bdo (lOJ) duoc thanh lap ngdy 9-6-1946 tai Copenhagen, Dan M(ich. Nguyen tac quoc te ciia dao ditc nghe lam bdo dd duoc scan thao trong cdc cuoc hop tu vdn ciia to chirc quoc te vd khu vtfc cdc nhd bdo chuyen nghidp lie nam 1978 den ndm 1983 vdi stf tham dtt cua To chuc quoc te cdc nhd bdo (lOJ), Lien doan cdc nhd bdo quoc te (IFJ), Hiip hoi Cong giao bdo chi quoc te (UCIP), Lien dodn cdc nhd bdo chau A^ Latinh (FELAP), Lien doan bdo chi ngudi lao ddng chau My Latinh (FELATRAP), Hiep hoi cdc nhd bdo chau Phi (UJA), Lien minh cdc nhd bdo cdc nuoc Dong Nam A (CAJ).
(4),(5) Ho Chi Minh: Todn lap, t.lO, Nxb Chinh tri quoc gia. Hi NOi, 2002, tr.616,615.
L V L U A N C H | N H T R ! - S C I 6/2012
