Nghien culi cac yeu to
tac dong den thu hut von dau tu"
tren dia ban tinh Binh Dinh
• •
MGaYEN THI DIEM KIEQ' Tom tat
Nghien cffu ndy xem xet cdc yiu td dnh hudng di'n quyi't dinh ddu tU cda cdc nhd ddu tu tgi Binh Dinh. Qua khdo sdt 242 doanh nghiip tren dia ban Tinh, ki't qud cho thd'y, cdc ye'u to: Ki't cd'u hg tdng; Chinh sdch vd dich vu cdng; Tdi nguyin tgi dia phuang; Kinh teed dnh hudng din quyi't dinh ddu tU tgi Binh Dinh. Qua do, mot sdham y dugc dua ra nham gitip Tinh thu hdt mgnh me nguon vd'n ndy trong thdi gian tdi.
Tuf khoa: yiu tddnh hudng, quyet dinh ddu tu, thu hdt ddu tu, Binh Dinh Summary
This study examines determinants of investment decisions of investors in Binh Dinh. Through a survey of 242 enterprises in the province, It is indicated that Infrastructure; Public policy and services; Local resources; Economy create an impact on investment decisions in Binh Dinh. Thereby, some implications are given lo help the province strongly attract this capital in the future.
Keywords: determinants, investment decisions, attract investment, Binh Dinh
GlCfl THIEU
Trong nhtfng nam gan day, Binh Dinh ndi len nhtf mdt diem dd'n ly ttfdng cua cac nha dau ttf trong va ngoai ntfde, mpt phan khong nhd nhd vide kd't ca'u ha ting dtfdc chinh quyen dau ttf va nang cap dang ke'. Bdn canh do, Tinh da xay dtfng moi trtfdng phap ly thdng thoang, tao dieu kien thuan ldi nha't dd' Tinh d l dang tie'p can nhffng tfu dai, chinh sach dau ttf.
Mac dli vay, so vdi cac tinh Duyen hai mien Trung, nhtf: Thanh Hda, Nghd An, Nha Trang..., thi vd'n dau ttf vao Tinh cdn rat khiem td'n. Do vdy, vide danh gid cdc yd'u to' anh htfdng de'n thu hut vo'n dau ttf trdn dia ban tinh Binh Dinh la rat can thie't {Bdi vii't sff dung cdch vii't sd thdp phdn theo chudn qud'c ti).
CO SCf LY THUYET VA PHLfaNG PHAP NGHIEN CLfU
Trong nghien ctfu cua minh, Na va Lightfoot (2006) chl ra eac ye'u to' anh htfdng de'n stf mat can dd'i trong phan bd
dong vdn FDI vao cac dia phtfdng cua Trung Quoc, dd la: Quy md thi trtfdng; Stf tich tu; Chat Itfdng lao dpng;
Chi phi lao dpng; Mtfc dp md cffa va qua trtnh cai each.
Khi xem xet cdc yd'u to' quye't dinh vi tri eua dong vd'n FDI vao Ba Lan, Agnieszka va Young (2008) da tim ra cdc ye'u td' gdm Tim kiem kie'n thtfc; Tim kiem thi trtfdng; Stf tich tu; Tim kid'm hidu qua; Dia ly.
Nghien cffu cua Hoang Thi Thu (2008) chi ra eac ye'u td'tac ddng de'n ddng vo'n FDI vao mpt dia phtfdng cua Vidt Nam, nhtf: Quy md thi trtfdng; Td'e dd tang trtfdng cua thj trtfdng; Ngudn vo'n nhan Itfc; Stf phat trien cua cd sd v§t chat ha tang; Mtfc dp md cffa; Dia ly; Chinh sach kinh td'dia phtfdng.
Nguyen Manh Toan (2010) cung lidt ke cac ye'u td' tac ddng de'n thu hut FDI vao mpt dia phtfdng d Viet Nam. Dd la: Nhdm ddng ed ve kinh td'; Nhdm dpng ed ve tai nguyen; Nhdm ddng cd ve cd sd vat cha't ha tang; Nhdm ddng cd ve chinh sach.
Tren ed sd Itfdc khao cac nghidn cffu di trtfdc, eung nhtf dac diem cua tinh Binh Dinh, tae gia de xua't 4 ye'u to' tdc dpng de'n hoat ddng dau ttf vao tinh Binh Dinh, nhtf sau: Kd't ca'u ha tang; Chinh sach va dich vu cong;
Tai nguyen tai dia phtfdng; Kinh te'. Md hinh nghidn cffu dtfdc the hien nhtf Hinh 1.
Nghien ctfu dtfdc thtfc hidn thdng qua ba btfde: (1) Nghidn ctfu khdm pha thdng qua dtf heu thff ca'p; (2) 'Trtfdng Dal hoc Tai chinh - Marketing I Email: diemkieubd86@gmail com
Ngdy nhgn Imi; 09/01/2019. Ngdy phdn biin 10/02/2019; Ngdy duyet ddng: 20/02/2019
Economy and Forecasi Review
39
HINH 1: mo HINH NGHIEN CCTU
Chinh sach va dich vu cong
Tai nguyen tai <Jja phu'ong
Cac yeu !o thu hiit nha dau in
Mgu6n, Tac gia de
BANG lr KET QOA EFA DOI V(3l CAC BIEN DQC LAP Rotated Component Matrix"
DTCSQ13 DTCSQIO DTCSQ14 DTCSQ12 DTMTQ15 DTCSQ 11 DTCSQ9 DTHTQ2 DTHTQ5 DTHTQ3 DTHTQ7 DTHTQ6 DTHTQ4 DTHTQl DTTNQ18 DTTNQ19 DTTNQ17 DTTNQ20 DTMTQ16 DTKTQ25 DTKTQ24 DTKTQ26
Component 1
.769 .743 728 .685 -678 .662 .642
2
818 .727 .726 .720 .708 .666 .589
3
.784 .731 .708 663 .581
4
.837 .816 678 Nguon Xii' ly du' lieu cua tac gia
Nghidn cffu kham phd bang phtfdng phap nghien ctfu dinh tinh. Trong btfdc nay, tac gia thtfc hidn thao luan vdl cde cd quan quan ly nha ntfde ve d^u ttf va mpt so doanh nghiep dang dau ttf, kinh doanh tai Tmh nham
thid't ldp cac thang do; (3) Nghidn cffu chinh thffc bang phffdng phap nghien cffu dinh itfdng. Theo dd, tac gia tie'n hanh phdng vd'n ke't hdp bang hdi ddi vdi 300 doanh nghiep hoat dpng tai tinh Binh Dmh, thdi gian ttf thang 01 ddn thang 03/2018. Sau khi thu ve va lam sach con 242 mau hdp le de dtfa vao nghidn cffu chinh thtfc.
Dff lidu dtfdc xu" \f bang phan mem SPSS 22.0. Tdc gia sff dung phtfdng phdp danh gia dp tin cay bdng hd so Cronbach's Alpha va phSn tich ye'u td khdm phd (EFA).
KET QUA NGHIEN cOu
Kiim dinh thang do
De danh gid mffc dd tin cay cua ttfng bid'n quan sat trong thang do, phan tich he so' Cronbach's Alpha dtfdc tid'n hanh.
Kd't qua cho tha'y:
- Thang do "Ke't ca'u ha tdng" cd hd sd" Cronbach's Alpha = 0.855 > 0.6 va cac bid'n quan sdt deu cd he so' ttfdng quan bie'n - tdng > 0.3. Ngoai ra, ne'u bd ba't ky bid'n quan sat nao, thi hd sd Cronbach's Alpha deu < 0.855. Vi vay, thang do dtfdc cha'p nhSn dtfa vao phan tieh ye'u td.
- Thang do "Chinh sach vd dich vu cdng" cd he so' Cronbach's Alpha = 0.841 > 0.6, cdc bid'n quan sat cd bien quan sat cd he sd'ttfdng quan bie'n - tdng
> 0.3, ngoai trff bie'n "Dich vu h^nh chinh phap Iy nhanh chdng", nen bie'n nay bi loai khdi cdc bffde tid'p theo. Nd'u bd bat ky bie'n quan sat nao, thi he sd Cronbach's Alpha deu < 0.841. Vi vdy, thang do dtfde chap nhan dtfa vao phan tich yd'u td'.
- Thang do 'Tai nguyen tai dia phtfdng" cd he sd Cronbach's Alpha = 0.784 > 0.6 va cac bid'n quan sdt deu cd he sd ttfdng quan bie'n - tdng > 0.3. Tuy nhien, cac bie'n quan sat: "Dieu kien phuc vu sinh hoat buoi td'i tot" va "Dilu kien thdng tin ve tai nguyen day du" cd he sd' ttfdng quan bie'n - tdng nho hdn 0.3, ndn hi loai khdi cdc btfdc tie'p theo.
Neu bd ba't ky bie'n quan sat, nao thi hd sd' Cronbach's Alpha deu < 0.784. Vi vay, thang do dtfdc cha'p nhan dtfa vao phan tich yd'u td'.
- Thang do "Kinh te'" co hd sd Cronbach's Alpha = 0.681 > 0.6 vd cdc bid'n quan sdt deu co he sd ttfdng quan bie'n - tdng > 0.3. Neu bd bat ky bie'n
40
quan sat nao, thi he sd Cronbach's Alpha diu < 0.681. Vi vay, thang do dffdc chap nhan dtfa vao phan tieh ye'u td'.
- Thang do "Cde yd'u td' thu hut nha dau ttf" cd he sd' Cronbach's Alpha = 0.635 > 0.6 va cac bie'n quan sat deu cd he sd'ttfdng quan bie'n - tdng > 0.3. Ne'u bd bat ky bie'n quan sdt nao, thi he so Cronbach's Alpha deu < 0.635. Vi vay, thang do dtfdc cha'p nhan dtfa vao phan tich ye'u to.
Phdn tich EFA
Phdn tich EFA dd'i vdi cdc biin dgc lap Ke't qua Bang 1 cho bie'l, sau 3 l^n phan tich EFA va thff nghiem lai he so' Cronbach's Alpha, ke't qua kiem dinh Bartlett vdi Sig. = 0 < 0.005 va he sd KMO = 0.837 > 0.5 dat ydu clu, cho thd'y, cac bid'n quan sat cd ttfdng quan du manh dd' chay EFA. Kd't qua phan tich cd 5 yd'u td'dtfdc trich tai he so Eigenvalue = 1.839 va tdng phtfdng sai trieh la 58.664%. Td't ca cac bie'n quan sat deu ed he sd' tai ye'u td'ldn hdn 0.5 dat ydu cau.
Phdn lich EFA dd'i vdi bii'n phti thudc Ke't qua phan tich EFA cho bid'n phu thudc "Cic yd'u to'thu hut nha dau ttf" d Bang 2 cho tha'y, cdc bid'n quan sat cd ttfdng quan du manh de chay EFA do kiem dinh Bartlett vdi Sig. = 0 < 0.005 va he sd KMO = 0.630 > 0.5.
Kiem dinh mo hinh nghien cffu Tic gia sff dung phtfdng phdp Enter, theo dd cdc bid'n ddc lap dtfdc dtfa vao cdng mpt liic de phan tich hoi quy tuyd'n tinh. Kd't qua eho thd'y, cac ye'u to'ttfdng quan kha chat va cae gid trj Sig. deu <
0.01, dat yeu cau.
Theo Bang 3, he sd xdc dinh R- = 0.543 va he sd R- hidu chfnh = 0.528.
Qua do cho tha'y, md hinh 4 bid'n dpc lap giai thieh dtfdc 52.8% bie'n thien ciia bienphu thudc.
Kiem dinh ttfdng quan tffng phan (Bang 4) cho bid't, dp phdng dai phtfdng sai (VIF) cua ta't ca cac bie'n ddu nhd hdn 10. Nhtf vay, ed the kd't luan, cae bid'n dpc lap khdng cd ttfdng quan vdi nhau.
Khi dd, tdc dpng cua cac yd'u td'dd'n thu hut dau ttf tai Binh Dinh dtfdc the hien qua phtfdng trinh sau:
Y= 4.870E -16 + 0.031*Chinh sdch vd dich vu cdng + 0.025*Ki't cd'u hg tdng + 0.164*Tdi nguyin tai dia phuang + O.iJS* Kinh ti
Tiep theo, tdc gia sff dung do thi phan tan Scatterplot de' kie'm tra gia dinh lien he tuye'n tinh, cung nhtf hien ttfdng
BAMG 2: KET QGA EFA DOI VCil BIEN PHG THGOC
DTHDQ27 DCHDQ28 DTHDQ29
Initial I.OOO 1.000 1.000
Extraction 565 .660 .511
BANG 3: DANH GlA DO PHtl HdP CGA MO HINH HOI QGY TGYEN TINH BQl DAG Ttf Model
1 R .737-
R Square .543
Adjusted R Square .528
Std. Error of the Estimate .93366292
BANG 4- KIEM DINH TtTdNG QUAN TCfNG PHAN CGA CAC HE SO HOI QGY
Coefficients'*
Model
1 (Consiant) Chinh sach va dich vu cong Ke't cii'u ha tang Tai nguyen tai dia phifdng Kinh le
Unstandardized CoefTicients
B
4.870E-16
.031 ,025
.164 .33S
Std.
Error .060 -060
.060
,060 .060
Standardized Coefficients
Beta
.031
.025
.164 .338
t
000 515
413
2719 5.625
Sig.
1000 -007
.040
-007 .000
Coliinearity Statistics Tolerance
1.000
1.000 1.000
1.000 VIF
1.000
1.000 1.000
1 000
HINH 2; DO TH! PHAN TAN SCATTERPLOT DAG Til Scatterplot
Dependent Variable: DTHD
Regression Standardized Residual
EcoQnmy and Forecast Review
41
i 3: BIEU DO T A M SO HISTOGRAM D A G TCT Histogram
Dependent Variable: DTHD
Regression Standardized Residual
HINH 4 ; BIEG DO P-PLOT DAG T(Jf
^-P Plot of Regression Standardized Residual Dependent Variable: DTHD
phtfdng sai ngSu nhien
O b s e r v e d Cum Prob
Mguon- XL/ ly dir lieu cua tac gia
thay ddl. Thed ITmh 2, phSn dtf phan tan xung quanh dtfcfng dl qua tung d6 chtf kh6ng
tae ra hinh dang nao. Nhtf vav. gia dinh lien he tuye'n tinh va gia dinh phtfdng sai phtn dtf thay doi idiong h\ vi pham.
Tac gia cung sit dung ^bieu do Histogram va bieu do P-Plot de xem xet phan phoi cfla phin dtf. Bifi'u do tan so' Histogram (Hinh 3) cho thay, m6t dtfdng cong phan phoi chuan dat ehong len bieu do tan so, gia tri trung binh ra't nho gin bang 0 va do lech chu^n gan bang 1, cd nghia la phan phoi cua phin dtf xap xi chuin. Bieu do P-Plot (Hinh 4) ciing cho biet, cac diem quan sat khong phan tan qua xa dtfcing thang ky vgng, n6n co th^
ke't luan rang gia thuye't phan dtf co phan phoi chuan khong bi vi pham.
Ngoai ra, de kiem tra tinh doc l|p cua phan dtf, tac gia su" dung dai Itfdng tho'ng ke Durbin-Watson (D). Ket qua cho biet, gia tri D =: 2.027 thoa man dieu kiSn 1<D<3, nen co the ket luan tinh doc lap cua phan dtf kh5ng bi vi pham. Nhtf viy, mQ hinh hoi quy tuyen tinh la mo hinh phii hdp va dang tin cSy.
KET LUAN VA HAM Y Nghien ctfu cho thay, co 4 yfi'u to'anh htfdng de'n hoat dong thu hut dau ttf tren dia ban tinh Binh Dinh, do la: Ke't ca'u ha tang; Chinh sach va dich vu cong; T&i nguyen tai dia phtfdng; Kinh te. Trong do, yeu to Kinh te co anh htfdng ldn nhS't (B = 0.338).
Ttf ket qua nay, de day manh thu hiit dau ttf vao Binh Dinh trong thdi gian tdi, tac gia kid'n nghi Tinh can n6 Itfc thtfc hien cac giai phap nham phat trien kinh ti - xa hoi tai dia phtfdng, ti6'p tuc day manh cai each thu tuc hanh chinh theo htfdng ddn gian, cong khai, minh bach, nhanh chdng. Bgn canh dd, day manh phat trien dong bo va hien dai ke't ca'u ha tang; khai thac cd hieu qua tai nguyen tai dia phtfdng va chu trong den cdng tac bao ve moi trtfdng...•
T A I L l l U T H A J M K H A O _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
1. Nguydn Manh Toan (2010). Cac nhan to'tac ddng den dau ttf trtfc tie'p ntfde ngoai vao mot dia phtfdng cua Viet Nam, Tap chi Khoa hoc vd Cdng nghi, Dgi hgc Dd Ndng, so' 5 (40), 270-276
2. Agnieszka Chidlow & Stephen Young (2008). Regional Determinants of FDI Distribution in Poland, William Davidson Institute, The University of Michigan
3. Na L. & W.S. Lightfoot (2006). Determinants of foreign direct investment at the regional level in China, Journal of Technology Management in China, 1(3), 262-278
4 Hoang Thi Thu (2008). Regional determinants of foreign direct investment inflows m Viet Nam PhD Dessertation, Faculty of Economics, Chulalongkom University, Thailand
