DitH BJtH • TH6HG TIH EHOX HpC
NHUNG NET CO BAN TRONG BO LUAT TO TUNG HiNH SU MOT S6 NUOC VE TIEP NHAN, GIAI QUYET TO GIAC,
TIN BAG VE TOI PHAM VA KIEN NGHI KHOI TO
T
rong qua trinh sira ddi Bd ludt Td tiing hmh sy (BLTTHS) nam 2003, mgt tiong nhirng van de ed nhieu ndi dung ddi mdi dugc cac chuyen gia, nha khoa hpe quan tdm Id tiep nhgn, giai quylt to gidc, tin bao ve tgi pham vd kien nghi khdi td. De cd them tai ligu tham khdo, ehiing tdi xin gidi thieu nhung net co ban ttong BLTTHS mgt so nudc tien the gidi v l khdu cdng tdc ndy.1. Ve trdch nhipm vd trinh ty, thu tyc tiip nhgn, xie ly thong tin vi tpi phgm
Ket qud nghien cuu BLTTHS ciia bdy nude Lien faang Nga, Trung Qudc, Lien bang Diic, epng hda Phdp, Nhat Bdn, Vuong qudc Anh, Hoa Ky eho thay, hau het Lugt Td tung hinh sy eac nude deu quy djnh chat che trinh tiJ, thii tijc tilp nhdn to gide, tin bdo ve tgi phgm. Bg lugt Td tyng hinh sy cac nudc LB Nga, Trung Qudc quy djnh cy the ve trach nhiem eua ca quan, ngudi tilp nhdn td gidc, tin bdo ve tdi pham phdi lap bien bdn tilp nhdn, gidi thich trdch nhiem phdp Iy neu vu khdng, bia dgt thdng tin va gui ket qud tiep nhdn cho ngudi td gidc, bao tin.
BLTTHS ede nudc Trung Qudc, Lien bang
VU VAN GIANG
Diie deu quy djnh trach nhigm tiep nhgn tin bdo, td gidc va td edo ve tpi pham thudc v l ca ba CO quan Dieu tra, Vgn kiem sat nhan ddn. Tod dn nhdn dan. Sau khi tiep nhdn, neu khdng thude thdm quyen thi phdi chuyen vy dn eho eo quan cd thdm quyen giai quyet vd thdng faao eho ngudi da fado tin, td gidc, td edo. Ket thiie giai doan xii ly tin faao, td giac ve tdi phgm, ca quan ed ti^ch nhiem gim quyet phdi faan hdnh quySt djnh khdi td hogc khdng khdi td vy anC) hogc chuyen thdng tin theo thdm quyen dieu tra de xir ly, ddi vdi nhung vu dn tu td thi chuyen cho Tod an de gidi quyet vd quyet djnh ndy duge thdng bdo cho ngudi cung ca^ thdng tin (BLTTHS Lien bang Nga). Bd ludt Td tung hinh su Cdng hda Phdp quy djnh cy the, sau khi kit thuc xdc minh, Cdng td vien ra quyet djnh tray td hoae quylt djnh gidi quyet theo trinh ti^ khae nhu xu ly hanh chinh, ky lugt, bdi thudng, nop phgt, thda thudn ngn nhdn vd bi hgi...
Quyet djnh nay dugc ban hdnh ngay khi chimg minh dugc nhiing tinh tiet dgc biet gdn vdi viec pham tdit^).
(1) BO lu?t T6 twig hinh sv cac n«6c: Lien bang Nga, ^7730 St, Vp thyc hanh quyin cdng to, kiem Tnmg Quoc, Diic. sat dtSu tra an tham nhung, chdc vg (V(/ 5),
(2) a c d i k 41-1 hole 41-2 BLTTHS Phap Vtpn kiem sit nhin din toi cao.
, Tgp chi So22(thang11^5)^KIEM SAT I 5 3
ClUc itatng 9(gdy tf{Mgido "i^ipt Ojam 20-11
Lugt quy dinh ey tiie co quan Cdng an, Vign kiem sdt nhdn dan vd Toa an nhdn ddn phdi ddm bao sy an toan cho ngudi bao tin, ngudi td gidc, td eao va hg hang gan cua hp.
Neu ngudi fado tin, td giac, td cdo khdng mudn cdng khai ten tudi va hanh ddng fado tin, td giac hogc td cdo eua minh thi phdi giu bi mgt cho hg. Neu thdy edn ed eae bien phdp khdn cap thi phdi tien hanh cdc faien phdp khan cdp trade khi ehuyen vy an cho CO quan cd thdm quyen gidi quyetf^).
Ve thu tyc tiep nhan tiidng tin ve tdi pham, BLTTHS Trung Qudc quy dinh ngudi tiep nhdn tin faao, td giac hogc td cdo faang ldi ndi phdi ghi lgi thanh van faan, sau dd dgc lai cho ngudi faao tin, td giac hoae td edo, nlu thdy khdng cdn sai sdt thi dl nghi ngudi fado tin, td gide hodc td cdo ky ten hoac ddng ddu vdo fai§n fadn. Ngudi tiep nhan co ttach nhiem giai thich vdi ngudi bao tin, td giac hoac td cdo ve ttach nhiem phap ly phdi chiu khi cd hanh vi vu cdo. Bd luat Td tung hinh sy Lien bang Ngaf'') quy dinh Dilu tta vien, Co quan dieu tra ban ddu, Du iMm vien va Thu trudng Co quan dieu tra du tham ed tham quyen tiep nhgn, kiem tta tin bao ve tpi pham. Ngudi td giac tpi pham duge quyln nhan tai lieu ve vige tilp nhdn td gidc kem theo nhiing thdng tin vl ngudi tilp nhan, ngdy thang vd thdi gian nhan td gidc, ed quyen khieu ngi vigc tir chdi tiep nhdn tiidng tin ve tpi phgm den Kiem sat vien hogc Thdm phan(5). Cdn d Nhat BdnC^), Kilm sat vien hoae Cdnh sat tu phap cd tideh nhiem tiep nhdn mgi thdng tin ve tdi pham vd phdi nhanh chdng giri cho Vgn kiem sat giay td va vat ehiing Uen quan den sy viec dd. Bd ludt Td tiing hinh su Cdng hda Phdp quy
djnh trach nhiem tiep nhdn td gide, tin faao ve tdi phgm thude ve Cdng td vien. O Hoa Ky(7), Thdm phdn so thdm hogc nhdn vien tu phdp dia phuang hoac faang tiep nhdn don td giae cimg ldi tuyen the eua ngudi dd.
2. Vi trdch nhipm cua eaquan co thdm quyin vd vai tro, trdch nhipm cda Vipn cong to Vipn kiem sdt trong xdc minh, gidi quyit td gidc, tin bdo ve tpi phgm vd kiin nghi kh&i to
Bp lugt Td tyng hinh su cdc nude quy dinh khde nhau ve trach nhigm kiem tia, xac minh, giai quyet tin fado, td gide ve tdi pham.
Bd lugt Td tyng hinh sy cdc nudc Trung Qudc, Lien faang Nga quy djnh cd faa co quan Dieu tra, Ven kiSm sdt, Tda dn deu ed tideh nhiem giai quyet. Bg ludt To tyng hinh su Lien bang Nga cdn quy djnh cy thi tham quyen ndy thudc ve Dilu tia viSn, Ca quan dieu tra ban ddu, Dy thdm vien vd Thu tiirdng Ca quan dieu tia dy tham. Bp lugt To tung hmh sy Hoa Ky quy dinh Tham phdn cd tham quyen quyet dinh gidi quyet, xir ly ket qua xde minh, kilm tia tin bdo vl tpi pham va quy dinh rat cy the Oinh ti^, thii ti^c gidi quyet dan td giac, tin bdo ve tgi phamt^).
(3) Dieu 108 BLTTHS Trung Quoc (4)Dieu 141, 144,145 BLTTHS Lien bang Nga (5) Di6u 144 BLTTHS Lien bang Nga
(6) Dieu 241- 246 BLTTHS Nh^it Ban (7) Nguyen tae 3, 4, Cac nguyen tie lien bang ve to tung hinh sir ciia Mpp chung qu6c Hoa Kj*.
(8) Nguygn tjc 3, 4, Cac nguyen tic lien bang ve to tyng hinh su ciia Hop chiing quoc Hoa KJ'. Don to giac dugc trinh bay duoi loi tuy&i th^ trudc mgt Tham phdn so tham hoac trudc nhan vien tu phdp dja phuong hole bang neu Tham phan vang mat. Tham phdn quy^t djnh giai quyet, xir ly kgt qua xac minh, ki6m tra tin bdo vc t^i pham bing cac bi|n phap sau: Ban hanh l ^ h bit ho$c l^nh triiu tapi Oy quyen cho nhan vi£n tu phdp th\rc h i ^ , chuyen giao cho quan khac (neu khong diing tham quyen); tien hanh thu tue dieu tra so b$ theo to t\ing; ki^m tra thong tin dugc giao tiep qua difn tho^i ho$c cdc phuong tien dien tu tin cay khde; liy l£n khai dirdri si^
tuyen the ciia ngucn to giac vd ngudi khde ma t6 giic dugc thvrc hi?n; xem x6t Idi khai hoiic tang v^t.
Tgp chi
5 4 I KIEM SAT_ /So22(thang11^5)
D I £ H S A N - THdMG TIN KBOA HQC
Bp luat Td tung hanh sy cde nudc Nhdt Bdn, Anh, Phdp, Diic deu quy djnh V g n cdng td cd t h ^ quyln giai quylt, ddng thdi quy djnh rd vai trd, ttdch nhigm ciia V e n cdng toA^gn kiem sdt ttong vige ehi dgo, yeu cau Co quan dieu tia xdc minh, kiem tta td giae, tin fado v l tdi phgm.
Bd ludt Td tung hinh sy cac nude Trung Qudc, Diic, Nga quy djnh V e n k i l m sat/
V e n cdng td ed thdm quyen yeu edu Co quan dieu tra xdc minh thdng tin ve tpi phgm. V g n kiem sat cd quyen yeu cdu co quan Cdng an gidi trinh Iy do khdng khdi td vu dn; thdng fado khdi td khi cd khilu nai eua ngudi bj hgi hogc Vign kiem sdt xet thdy can thiet khdi td va co quan Cdng an phdi bat budc thyc hien (Trung Quoc). Vien kiem sat cd quyen quyet djnh ehuyen thdng tin theo thdm quyen dieu tta de xir ly, ddi vdi nhiing vy dn tu td thi chuyen cho Tod dn thy ly gidi quyet (Lien faang Nga).
Bg lugt Td tyng hinh sy Nhat Bdn(9) quy dinh, khi nhgn dugc td cao hogc td giac, ngudi pham tpi ty thii, Canh sat tu phap phdi nhanh ehdng giii cho V g n kiem sdt gidy td vd vdt ehiing lien quan den sy viec do vd Vien kiem sdt ed quyen buy bd vy viec, trii trudng hgp thdng tin do ngudi dgi dign ciia nudc ngoai cung cdp thi Bd trudng Bd Ngoai giao td cao hogc hiiy fad.
Cdng td vien cua Vuang qudc Anh sau khi nhdn dugc tin bdo, td gidc ve tdi pham se xem xet, danh gia ve sy can thiet phdi yeu cau Canh sdt dieu tra vy viec hay khdng.
V e c kiem tia tin bdo, to gide ve tdi pham cua Cdng td vien can cii vao mgt sd yeu to: Ngudn tin bdo, td giac; da cd tin bao, td gide ve tgi pham trudc ddy hay chua;
Cdnh sat da tiln hdnh dilu tia chua; tinh
chat vd tinh nghiem ttgng ciia hdnh vi bi td giacOO). Trong trudng hgp xdc djnh thdy can thiet phdi dieu tta vy vigc, Cdng td vien se giao eho Cdnh sdt tiln hdnh dieutta(^0.
3. Vi cdc bipn phdp kiem tra, xdc minh to gidc, tin bdo vi tpi phgm vd kiin nghi kh&i td
Bd ludt Td tung hinh sy Lien bang Nga quy dinh cdc bien phdp kiem tta tin fado ve tgi phgm Id; Kilm tra tdi lieu, do vdt, tii thi, yeu cdu nhd chuyen mdn kiem tta tai lieu, thyc hien cdc hogt dgng truy tim nghiep vy02)^ bao ddm an toan ca nhan cho ngudi td gidc, bdo tin ve tgi phgm. Khi ket thiic xdc minh phdi gui ket qua tiep nhgn, giai quyet cho ngudi td giac, bao tin. Bg lugt Td tvmg hinh sy Trung Qudc, Lien bang Nga deu quy djnh nguyen tdc ttach nhigm cua cac CO quan cd tham quyen ve bao dam an toan ca nhan cho ngudi td giac, bao tin ve tpi phgm.
4. Ve th&i hgn xdc minh, gidi quyit to gidc, tin bdo ve tpi phgm vd kiin nghi kh&i td
Hdu het BLTTHS cdc nudc khdng quy dinh thdi hgn xdc minh, gidi quyet td gidc, tin faao ve tdi phgm va kien nghj khdi td, trir BLTTHS Lien bang Nga quy dinh thdi han xde minh khdng qua 3 ngay, cd the gia hgn 10 ngdy. Trudng hgp dgc faigt can phdi kiem tta, xdc minh tdi ligu, dd vdt, tir thi theo yeu cau cua Dy thdm vien, Kiem sdt vien, Dieu tia vien thi Thu trudng C o
(9) Dieu 241- 246 BLTTHS Nh|it Ban
(10) Luat Thong tin t^i ph^m nam 1985 Vuang quoc Anh
(11) Luat Thong tm t^i ph^m nam 1985 Di6u 3(2) Vuong quoc Anh
(12)Digul41 - BLTTHS Lifin bang Nga
(Xem tiep trang 63)
So22(thang11/2015)\
Tap chi _KIEMSAT I 5 5
