Mot so han che ca ban cua san pham nong nghiep Viet Nam tham gia thi trirong quoc te*
Le Van HimgO Nguyen Phu-oiig Thao'"J
Tdm tat: Nhd cdc chinh sdch hoi nhap, ndng nghiep Viet Nam thdi gian qua da cd nhirng budc tien tich cue khi sdn lugng vd gid tri xudt khdu ngdy cdng gia tdng. Tuy nhiin, cdc mat hdng ndng sdn xudt khdu chii yeu vdn dudi dgng nguyen lieu, gid tri gia tdng thdp.
Cd nhiiu nguyin nhdn khde nhau ddn tdi tinh trgng ndy nhu quy md sdn xudt nhd le, lien ket sdn xudt hgn che, chdt lugng sdn phdm cdn thdp, khdu chi bien vd xdy dung thuang hieu sdn phdm cdn yeu. Tren ca sd tdng quan nghiin ciiu vi nhiing diim hgn che, yeu kem, nhirng diim nghen tham gia thi trudng qudc te, dgc biit Id thi trudng cdc nude phdt triin cua cdc sdn phdm ndng nghiep, bdi viet lam ro hon nhiing diem hgn chi cua ndng nghiep Viet Nam trong giai dogn vua qua.
Tix khoa: Sdn pham ndng nghiep, Thi trudng qudc te, Viet Nam
Abstract: Thanks to integration policies, Vietnam's agriculture has recently made positive changes which are showcased by increasing output and export value. However, main export products are yet raw and hence low value-added materials. There are numerous reasons for this situation, which include small-scale production, limited manufacturing links, low
quality, weak processing and branding. Based on a literature review of disadvantages, weaknesses and bottlenecks in international market participation, especially in developed countries, the article clarifies the issues of Vietnam's agricultural sector in the recent period.
Keywords: Agricultural Products, Intemational Market, Vietnam
Gidi thieu dang ke khi sdn lugng sdn xudt khdng chi Giai doan vira qua, ngdnh ndng nghiep dap ung du nhu cau trong nude ma gia tri Viet Nam da dat dugc nhimg thanh tyu xudt khau cung ngay cang tang. Neu nhu
^ gia tri xudt khdu ndm 1995 cua nganh ndng ' Nghien COTI nay la san phdm thu6c DS tai cdp bo nghiep (ndng, lam, thiiy sdn) chi dat 2,5 ty
"Cai thien chu6i gia tri nong nghiep cua Viet Nam. u S D thi d£n ndm 2010 da tang len 13,1 ty tnrong hgp nganh che va trai vai tren thi tritong
qudc t6" do TS. Le Van Hung lam chu nhiem, Vien USD va nam 2017 la 28,3 ty USD (Tdng Han lam Khoa hpc xa hpi Viet Nam chii tri. Thai cuc Thdng ke, 2019). Tuy nhien, cac sdn gian thirc hien titthang 10/2018-12/2019. pham xuat khau vdn chu yeu dudi dang '>TS., Vien Kinh te Viet Nam, Vien Han lam Khoa nguyen lieu hoac qua sa c he nen gia tri hoc xa hoi Viet Nam; Email: [email protected] . _ , , , ^ r,, , (••) Vien Kinh Xh Viet Nam, Vien Han lam Khoa hoc S'^ ^ " B ^''^^g ,"^<^^ ^™ ^^^P" ^ ^ ^ ' ^ ^ xahoi Viet Nam. dd, cac san pham ndng nghiep sach, hihi
Thdng fin Khoa hpc xa hoi. so 10.2013 ca xuat khdu cd gia tri gia tdng cao cua
Viet Nam ciing chi chi8m ty le nhd do dien tich sdn xudt ndng nghiep ddp iing
ling yeu cdu tieu chudn ky thuat cao ciia nhung nude phat trien (ve ve sinh an toan thyc phdm, kich cd, mdu sac, nam benh,...) dung quy chudn ciia cae thi trudng phat cung nhu thi^u doanh nghiep cbS biln tham hien cdn rat it. Ngudi ndng ddn va doanh gia ket ndi tix ngudi ndng ddn tdi thi trudng nghiep chua cd sy lien kk san xudt dk dap qudc tL Trong khi dd, cac mat hang ndng
Bang 1: Cac diem h^n che, yeu kem cua nong nghifp Viet Nam Cac khau trong
nong nghiep
Khdu_
san xuat
Khau bdo qudn
vache bien
Xdy dimg ihmrng hi^u vd lieu thu nong sdn
To chijc san xuat
Lien ket giOa nong dan va doanh nghiep
Cong ngh^ san xuat
An toan trong san xuat nong nghiep
Khau bao quan nong san
Khau che bien nong san
Xay dung thirong hieu cho nong san
Tieu chu nong san
H^n che, yeu k£m - Quy mo nho le, phan tan, manh miin - Thieu su lien ket giua cac chu the, thifiu phucmg an hoat dong kinh doanh c6 hi^u qua va nang luc tai chinh yeu kem
- Lien ket chua chat che, phan Ion khong co hgrp dong - Neu CO hop dong: hgp dong thieu chjt che, phin Ion lien ket chi mang linh hinh (hue, thieu co che phan chia lgi ich, dan den viec tu do pha v9 hgp d6ng - Trinh do nong dan con han che, tinh nil ro cao - Da tien hanh img dyng cong nghe cao vao san xuat, nhung van g^p nhi^u kho khan nhu: thieu v6n dau tu, chat lugng Iao dgng thap, ket cau ha tang viing nong Ihon con nhieu bat cap...
- Chua CO mo hinh hoan chinh ve nong nghiep 4.0 - Dien tich san xual nong nghi?p an toan con it - Con sii dung nhieu hoa chat va thuoc trii sSu - Cong tac quan ly ciia cac cap chinh quyen ve v?
sinh an toan thyc phdm rSt long leo - Cong nghe con lac hau
- Viec ap dyng cac cong nghe moi kha cham so voi ky' vgng ciia cac co quan chinh phii - Doanh nghiep che bien co quy mo vira va nho - Chat lugng nong san da qua che bien thap - Cong nghe che bien lac hau, chii yeu !a so che. che biSn tho; san pham dau ra chua co du nang luc c^nh tranh vcd cac qu6c gia khac
- Da so cac mat hang chua xay dyng dugc cac thuong hieu co uy tin, sire canh Iranh cua san pham chua cao, gia ban thip
- Nhieu mat hang phai xuat khiu qua trung gian va mang nhan mac cua qti6c gia khac - S6 lugng mat hang nong san duoc chi din dia!^ va duoc bao hg con khiem ton
- Trien khai hop dong lieu thu nong san gSp nhieu kho khan
- Xu huong da dgng hoa Ihj Irucmg xuit khau con cham va ti6m an nii ro cao ve rao can thuong m^i, nong san chu yiu la gia cong, xuat khiu dang Iho va ban cho cac tap doan nticrc ngoai
- Thi truong xuSt khSu chua da dang, chii yeu la Trung Qudc, EU, Hoa Ky
Banh gia cua cac t^c gia NguySn Th5 Truong (2008), Pham van Quang (2013), Biii Thj VSn Anh (2018)
Le Phuong (2018), Trin Trgng Hieu (2018), Nguyin Thi Minh Tii (2019)
TrSn Thi Thu Hang (2017), Tr^n Dang Bg va Hoang Nggc Huong (2019)
FIBL & IFOAM (2017); Dao Thi Hoing Mai, 2019; Biii Diic Hiing (2017); Huy Tuin (2014); Cyc Thong tin Khoa hoc va Cong ngh?
Qu6c gia (2018) Nguyen Manh Diing (2016)
Nguyen Hong LTnh (2007), Bin Quang Tuan va Le Van Hiing (2015), Nguyen Trgng Xuan va Phiing Quang Thai (2016) Pham Thanh Cong (2013), Dinh Thi Kim Thoa (2014), Nguydn Thi Nhu Tam (2015), Trin Thi Thu Huyk (2016), Nguyin The Trung (2017), Dao Dire Huin (2018), Hoang Dinh Vinh (2018) va Pham Quoc Quyk (2019), Dao Due Huan (2017) Minh Hoai (2006) va Nguyin Thi Quynh Hoa (2006), Trgng Homing (2012)
Ngudn: T6ng hop tir cac nghien cuu.
fflot sd hzin ch£ ca bin..
san cua nude ta cd nhiSu ca hdi tiep can thi trudng qudc tk trong bdi canh Viet Nam dang cd quan he thuang mai vdi ban 200 quoc gia va vung lanh thd tren th^ gidi.
Tren ca sd tdng quan mdt sd nghien cim, bai viet lam rd nhihig dilm ban che cua ndng nghiep Viet Nam trong giai doan vua qua dua tren mdt sd ket qua nghien cihi ve van de nay (Xem bang 1).
1. Khau san xuat ndng nghiep O Viet Nam, phdn Idn cac ho gia dinh van tham gia san xuat ndng nghiep, do dd dien tich bmh qudn moi hd ddi vdi timg loai hang hda, san pham cu the cd quy md kha nhd va hi phdn tan thanh nhieu mdnh.
Trong khi do, viec hop tac, lien ket trong sdn xudt ndng nghiep giua cac hp van cdn yeu. Chinh vi vay, viec sdn xudt khd dat duac lgi the theo quy md va khd khan trong ling dung khoa hpc ky thuat, ddc biet la thuc hien ndng nghiep cdng nghe cao hay san xudt theo hudng ndng nghiep hiJu ca, ndng nghiep an toan.
Quy md sdn xudt nhd le
Hien nay da cd nhieu nghien ciiu khac nhau ve cdc hinh thuc td chiic san xuat tai mot sd dia phuang, dien hinh nhu nghien ciiu cua Nguyin The Trudng (2008); Pham Vdn Quang (2013). Theo eae nghien ciiu, nhin chung, san xudt ndng nghiep tai Viet Nam cdn lac hdu; kinh te hd, kinh te trang trai, cac doanh nghiep ndng nghiep hay cdc hgp tac xa deu cd quy md nhd, thieu sy lien kit, thieu phuang dn boat ddng kinh doanh cd hieu qua va ndng lyc tai chinh yeu kem.
Nghien ciiu cua Bui Thi Vdn Anh (2018) chi ra rang, tich tu rudng ddt binh qudn d Viet Nam hien nay chi cd 0,6 ha/hd, thdp nhdt the gidi. De giam thieu tdm ly san xudt manh miin eua ngudi dan, hudng Idi san xudt quy md Idn theo hudng hien dai cdn lam tdt cdng tac ddn dien, ddi thiia va
tang cudng tinh chu ddng cua ngudi ndng dan trong "lien ket 4 nha" (nha ndng, nha nude, nha khoa hpc va nha doanh nghiep) vd gidm thieu tirih y lai cua ngudi dan trong qua trinh chuyen ddi sang phuang thiic san xudt mdi.
Lien kit sdn xudt yeu
Quy md dien tich sdn xudt ndng nghiep d Viet Nam khd nhd le, lien ket san xudt giua cdc hg ndng dan vdi nhau hay giiia ndng ddn vdi doanh nghiep vdn cdn yeu.
Do dd, viec iing dung khoa hoc ky thuat va phuong thiic td chuc sdn xuat chu yeu van theo kieu ndng hd lac hdu, san xudt dya vao kinh nghiem. Hau qua la, chat lugng cua nhieu san phdm ndng nghiep khd tiep can vdi cac thi trudng cao cap.
. Khi phdn tich ve tinh lien ket giiia ndng ddn va doanh nghiep trong san xudt, Hoang Thi Chinh (2014), Le Phuang (2018), Trdn Trgng HiSu (2018) d6u cho thdy sy ket hop giiia hai ben chua chat che, ty do pha vo hgp ddng, trinh do ndng dan cdn ban che, tinh rui ro cao. Ket qua khdo sat tai 14 huyen, thdnh thi tai tinh Nghe An cua Nguyen Thi Minh Tu (2019) da chi ra viec lien ket giua doanh nghiep va ndng dan chu yeu dang dung lai d viec doanh nghiep thu mua sdn phdm ciia ndng dan, hoac thue khoan ndng ddn thyc hien mdt khdu san xuat cy the, quy chuan chat lugng khdng ddi hdi chat che. Trong sd 47 doanh nghiep dugc khao sat, chi cd 21 doanh nghiep (chiem 44,7%) cd ky hgp ddng vdi ndng dan. Dang hgp ddng chii yeu la cung ling ddu vdo va tieu thy ndng sdn (chiem 81%), cdn lai chi la hgp ddng tieu thu ndng san (19%), khdng cd sy ddu tu cua doanh nghiep trong san xudt.
Cdng nghe sdn xudt cdn Igc hau Theo Trdn Thi Thu Hdng (2017), phat trien ndng nghiep cdng nghe cao la xu
hudng chu dao, la chia khda thanh cdng cua nhieu nude tren the gidi. Trong thdi ky hdi nhdp, Viet Nam cimg da ti6n hanh ling dyng cdng nghe cao vao sdn xudt, tuy nhien van tdn tai nhi^u khd khdn nhu:
thieu vdn ddu tu, chdt lugng Iao ddng thdp, ket cdu ha tdng vimg ndng thdn cdn nhiSu bat cap,... Tran Dang Bd va Hoang Nggc Hudng (2019) cho rdng, Viet Nam mdi chi cd mgt sd md hinh ndng nghiep thdng minh thdng qua hgp tac qudc te nhdm su dung cd hieu qua cdc ngudn lyc trong sdn xudt ndng nghiep, iing phd vdi bi8n ddi khi hau, thuc ddy qua trinh sdn xudt theo chuoi gid tri, thuc chdt chua cd md hinh hoan chinh vh ndng nghiep 4.0. Cac md hinh ndng nghiep ling dung cdng nghe cao hdu hit cd sy tham gia cua doanh nghiep nudi trdng bd sua, tdm, hoa, rau qua,... Tuy nhien, sd lugng va quy mo dien tich dp dung cdng nghe cao tren ca nude van cdn nhd.
Vdn de an todn trong sdn xudt ndng nghiep
De tham gia vao cdc thi trudng qudc te, dac biet la thi trudng cac nude phat trien, Chinh phd Viet Nam da cd nhieu dinh hudng va ho trg san xudt ndng nghiep theo hudng xanh, sach, sdn phdm hiiu ca va an toan. Tuy nhien, do nhieu van de khac nhau nhu chi phi ddu tu san xudt, ndng lyc cua ngudi ndng dan, gia ban va thi trudng tieu thu, hang gia,..., nhung hd sdn xudt theo chiing chi Viet GAP, Global GAP khdng thyc sy tham gia hoac cd tham gia cung khdng hoan toan tudn thu diing quy trinh san xuat. Theo FIBL & IFOAM, tinh den ndm 2015 Viet Nam mdi cd 0,7% dien tich ddt ndng nghiep hiiu ca (76.666 ha). Tinh den ddu ndm 2018, Viet Nam chi cd 1.574 CO sd cd giay chiing nhdn VietGAP dang cdn hieu lyc (tuong ducmg 21.096 ha) (Ddn theo: Ddo Thi Hoang Mai, 2019).
Theo Cyc Thdng tin Khoa hgc vd Cdng nghe Qudc gia (2018), nam 2016, thi trudng ndng san hiiu ca d Viet Nam cd sy phat trign dn dinh, dugc hd trg bdi tieu dung gia tang. Vh xu hudng, dien tich sdn xudt ndng nghiep biiu ca tang nhanh. Tuy nhien, van cdn cd su khdng tin tudng cua ngudi tieu dimg do nhiSu vi pham trong sdn xudt vd ehe bi6n thyc phdm. Ve mat chinh sach, Viet Nam chua cd nhung quy dinh phdp luat vd chinh sach san xudt va ho trg ndng nghiep hiiu ca mdt each ro rdng vd euthe.
Nghien ciiu eua Nguyen Song Tiang va Trdn Nggc Ngoan (2014), Le Thi Hong Duong (2015) cho rdng, nong nghiep xanh chinh la giai phap cho sy phat trien ben vimg nganh ndng nghiep Viet Nam. Tuy nhien, theo Biii Diic Himg (2017), miic dp tdng trudng xanh trong ndng nghiep va thuy sdn cdn md nhat, phdn Idn dimg lai d sy dinh budng; quy md sdn xudt nhd le va phdn tan, thieu sy lien ket; ngudi dan chua cd y thiic ve vdn de bdo ve mdi trudng;
lam dyng cac chat hda hgc; cdng tac qudn ly ciia cac cap chinh quyen ve ve sinh an todn thyc phdm het siic long leo; thi trudng ddu ra cua cac sdn phdm sdn xuat theo md hinh VietGap cdn bdp benh. Tap quan canh tdc cua ngudi ndng dan Nam Trung bd ndi rieng va ndng ddn ca nude ndi chung chu yeu dya vdo kinh nghiem, ngudn vdn thdp, ling dyng khoa hgc cdng nghe chua mang lai hieu qua kinh te thiet thuc trong san xuat.
Ve khia canh phat trien an todn va ben viing trong ndng nghiep, theo Huy Tudn (2014), sdn xudt ndng nghiep hien nay chii yeu tap trung vao yeu td nang sudt ma chua quan tdm nhieu tdi nhiing tac dpng trong moi trudng. Nhung phuang phap san xudt hien nay chii yeu phu thupc vdo viec
ujyi au nan ch& ca ban...
sii dung phdn bdn vd ea, thudc tru sau, thudc tang trudng, lam can kiet ngudn tai nguyen khdng tai tao, ddu ddc mdi trudng dat, nude va khdng khi. Thuc ti, ndng ddn khdng bao hiing vdi viec chuyen sang nen ndng nghiep "sach" do chi phi san xudt cao nhung thu nhdp thdp, thi trudng tieu thu ban hep.
2. Khau bao quan va che bien ndng san Danh gid ve cdng nghiep che bien ndng, lam sdn tai cac tinh vung Bdc Trung bg giai doan 2001-2006, nghien ciiu ciia Nguyen Hdng Linh (2007) cho rang, ITnh vyc nay cdn gap nhieu khd khan. Ddng gdp ciia cdng nghiep che bien lam tang gia tri gia tdng cua ndng san hang hda cdn thdp, chat lugng san pham chua cao, mat hang don dieu. Sd lugng doanh nghiep che bien viing Bdc Trung bd tdng nhanh, chii yeu mang tinh ty phdt, da sd cd quy md vira va nhd.
Ty le ndng san duge che bien xudt khau chi dat khoang 35-40%.
Trong nhiing nam gan day, che bien ndng sdn cua Viet Nam da cd nhiing budc tien nhdt dinh. Mdt sd sdn phdm tir siia, cdy dira, torn,... da thu hiit dugc cac doanh nghiep tham gia che bien sau vd da dang hda sdn phdm de tham gia vao thi trudng qudc te. Tuy nhien, ddy mdi chi la nhung diem sang nhd bdi cdc san phdm ndng nghiep xuat khdu (ca phe, cao su, che,...) cua Viet Nam chii yeu vdn la xudt khdu thd (chi qua sa che) nen gid tri gia tang thap.
Trong khi do, nhung sdn phdm tuoi cd gia tri gia tang cao nhu trdi cdy, rau cu, hoa,...
van khd tham gia vao thi trudng qudc tL Wh vdn de bao qudn ndng san, Nguyen Manh Dung (2016) da danh gid tuong ddi toan dien viec iing dung cdng nghe nhdm giam thifeu tdn thdt sau thu hoach. Theo dd, cdng nghe sau thu hoach tai Viet Nam ke tir ndm 2000 cd nhiing budc phat hign manh
me. Tuy nhien, viec ap dung cac cdng nghe mdi ddi vdi khdu nay cdn kha chdm so vdi ky vgng cua cac ca quan chinh phii, nguyen nhan chii yeu do: (i) nhdn thiic cua cac ca quan nha nude ve ITnh vyc cdng nghe sau thu hoach chua dung, chua ddy du; (ii) nang luc ciia he thdng quan ly nha nude ddi vdi ITnh vyc cdng nghe sau thu hoach cdn ban che; (iii) he thdng dao tao ve cdng nghe va qudn ly sau thu hoach d bdc dai hgc va sau dai hgc chua dugc chii trgng; (iv) he thdng chinh sach chua ddng bd; (v) ca cdu vdn ddu tu bdt hgp ly; va (vi) sy phat triin thiiu quy hoach cua lmh vyc cdng nghe sau thu hoach.
Nguyen Trpng Xudn va Phiing Quang Thai (2016) nhan dinh, hdi nhdp se thiic day cdng nghiep che bien ndng san manh me do viec md rdng thi trudng ndng san ra nude ngoai; cac doanh nghiep che bien ndng san cd dieu kien tham gia canh tranh binh ddng ban. Tuy nhien, cdng nghiep che bien cua Viet Nam ciing phdi ddi mat vdi nhiing thach thiic Idn khi hau het cac qudc gia khac trong cac hiep dinh cam ket deu cd trinh do phat trien ndng nghiep va cdng nghiep ehe bien ban ban Viet Nam, gid thanh san xudt ciing tuang ddi re so vdi Viet Nam. San phdm dau vao cho cdng nghiep chi bien eiia Viet Nam kem chat lugng, cdng nghe che bien lac hdu, chu yeu la sa chi, chi biin thd, do do cac san phdm dau ra chua cd du nang lye canh tranh vdi cac qudc gia khac. Nghien ciiu trudng hgp sdn phdm ca phe, Biii Quang Tudn vd Le Van Himg (2015) cho thay, ty le cd phe che bien sau thu hoach rdt thap (chi chiem khoang 5%), cdn lai chu yeu xuat khdu thd. Cac sdn phdm ca phe che bien xuat khau vao cae thi trudng khu vyc chiem ty le kha nhd, chua thdm nhap dugc vao cac thi trudng cac nude phdt triin.
Th6__, 3. Xay dung thwong hieu va tieu thu nong san
Trong nhung ndm gan day, mac du xudt khdu cac sdn pham ndng nghiep ciia Viet Nam dat khoang 30,6 ty USD ndm 2018 (Tdng cue Thdng ke, 2019) va thi trudng xudt khdu kha da dang nhung hdu h i t cdc san phdm dugc xuat khdu dudi dang thd va chua xay dung dugc cac thuang hieu Viet tdm cd tren thi trudng qudc te. Nghien ciiu ve vdn d i nay, Pham Thanh Cdng (2013), Dinh Thi Kim Thoa (2014), Nguyen Thi Nhu Tam (2015), Trdn Thi Thu Huyin (2016), Nguyin T h i Trung (2017), Dao Diic Huan (2018), Hoang Dinh Vinh (2018) va Pham Qudc Quyit (2019) cho thdy, Viet Nam xuat khdu dugc nhieu mat hang ndng san the manh, tuy nhien da sd cdc mat hang chua xay dyng dugc cac thuang hieu cd uy tin nen siic canh tranh cua san pham chua cao, gia ban thdp; nhieu mat hang phdi xudt khdu qua trung gian va mang nhan mac cua qudc gia khac; sd lugng mat hang ndng sdn dugc chi ddn dia ly va dugc bdo hp con khiem tdn. Dao Diic Huan (2017) da chung minh boat dpng qudn ly chi ddn dia ly it dugc trien khai tren thuc te; vai trd cua cac td chuc tap the van md nhat. Vi vay, cdn chuyen chi dan dia ly thupc sd hiru nha nude sang sd hihi chung cua cdng dong, xdy dyng chinh sach theo hudng qudn ly tai sdn cdng ddng, cd sy dieu tiet ciia Nhd nude.
Ngd Thi My vd Trdn Nhuan Kien (2016), Pham Minh Thuy (2019) phdn tich thyc trang xudt khdu ndng san Viet Nam giai doan 1997-2013 va giai doan 2010- 2018 cho thay, tdng gia tri xuat khdu cd tdc dp tang trudng cao, co cdu sdn phdm xudt khau dugc chuyen ddi hieu qua. Tuy nhien, xu hudng da dang hda thi trudng xudt khau cdn chdm va tiem dn rui ro cao ve rao can thuang mai, ndng san chii yeu la gia cdng
va ban cho cac tap doan nude ngoai. Nghien ciiu cua Nguyin Qudc Tri (2013) cimg cho thdy, Viet Nam chu y i u xuat khdu ndng sdn (nhu che, ca phe, gao, cao su) dudi dang thd nen gid tri xudt khdu cdn ban che.
4. K i t luan
Trong giai doan vira qua, ndng nghiep Viet Nam da cd nhiing budc tien quan trgng khi thdm nhdp dugc hdu het thi trudng cac khu vyc tren the gidi vdi gia tri xudt khdu ngay cang tang. Tuy ribien, cac san phdm ndng nghiep ciia Viet Nam hdu het mdi chi dimg lai d xudt khau thd nen gid tri gia tang thdp. Cd nhieu nguyen nhdn han che su tham gia cua cac san phdm ndng nghiep Viet Nam vao thi hudng qudc te. Tdng quan nghien ciiu tir khdu sdn xuat tdi tieu thu cho thdy, nong nghiep Viet Nam van cdn kha nhieu han che, yeu kem cdn cai thien.
Nhung diem ban che cliinh ciia san xudt ndng nghiep Viet Nam khong chi do ngudi ndng dan, doanh nghiep hay nha nude ma nd cd hnh rang budc be thdng. De khac phyc dieu nay cdn co sy lien ket, phdi hgp va su tham gia ciia cac ben lien quan (nha nude, ndng dan va doanh nghiep) nhdm hudng tdi sdn xudt hang hda theo quy chudn/tieu chuan dap ling cac yeu cdu ciia thi trudng cac nude phat trien; su dung cdng nghe che biin va bao quan sau thu hoach nham tao ra nhiing sdn phdm thuang hieu Viet tren thi trudng qudc te vdi gid tri gia tang cao thay vi xudt khdu thd nhu hien nay • Tai lieu tham khao
1 Bill Thi Vdn Anh (2018), Mdt sdyiu td tdm ly cua ngudi ndng ddn dnh hudng tdi viec chuyen ddi phuang thicc sdn xudt ndng nghiep theo hudng hien dgi, Nxb. Khoa hpc xa hpi. Ha Ndi.
2. Trdn Ddng Bd, Hodng Nggc Hudng (2019), "Nong nghiep 4.0 va nhiing vdn
di dat ra trong phat hiin ndng nghiep Viet Nam", Tap chi Kinh ti vd Du bdo, s6 2,tr. 19-21.
3. Pham Thanh Cdng (2013), "Dinh hudng phat triin thuang hieu nhdm ndng cao nang lyc canh ttanh hang ndng san xudt khdu ciia Viet Nam hien nay", Tap chi Nghien cicu Kinh ti, sd 11, tt. 29-36.
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5. Cyc Thdng tin Khoa hgc vd Cdng nghe qudc gia (2018), Tdng lugn sd 3/2018- Ndng nghiep hicu ca: Tiem ndng vd thdch thuc, http://www.vista.vn/Link Click.aspx?fileticket=7wDDMvs8FW A%3D&tabid=152&language=vi-VN 6. Le Thi Hdng Duong (2015), "Ndng
nghiep xanh: Gidi phdp cho sy phdt ttien ben vung ngdnh ndng nghiep Viet Nam", Tap chi Khoa hgc xd hgi mien Trung, sd 6 (thang 8), tt. 12-16.
7. Nguyen Manh Diing (2016), Ung dung cdng nghi nhdm gidm ton thdt sau thu hogch ddi vdi ndng sdn, vai trd cua cdc hgp tdc xd ndng nghiep, ht^://www.
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10. Nguyin Thi Quynh Hoa (2006), "Tdng hieu qua tieu thy ndng san hang hda thdng qua hgp ddng", Tap chi Thuong mgi, sd 17, tt. 3-5.
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25-31.
15. Bui Diic Hung (2017), Nong nghiep xanh viing Nam Trung bg: Thuc tiin vd Chinh sdch thuc day phdt trien, Nxb.
Khoa hpc xd hpi. Ha Npi.
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17. Nguyen Hdng LTnh (2007), Phdt triin cdng nghiep che bien ndng, Idm sdn tren dia bdn cdc tinh viing Bdc Trung bd, Luan an tiin sT Kinh te, Trudng Dai hpc Kinh te qudc ddn.
18. Dao Thi Hoang Mai (2019), Chinh sdch phdt triin ndng nghiep an todn trong bdi
cdnh tdi ca cdu ndng nghiep d Viet Nam, De tai nghien ciiu khoa hgc cdp Bd, Vien Han 1dm Khoa hgc xa hdi Viet Nam.
19. Ngd Thi My, Trdn Nhuan Kien (2016),
"Thyc trang xudt khdu ndng sdn cua Viet Nam giai doan 1997-2013", Tap chi Nghien cuu Kinh ti, sd 3, tt. 36-40.
20. Le Phuang (2018), "Lien kit doanh nghiep vdi ndng dan trong sdn xuat
10 Th.
ndng nghiep iing dung cdng nghe cao".
Tap chi Kinh ti vd Du bdo, sd 26, tt.
44-46.
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22. Pham Qudc Quyit (2019), "Xay dyng thuang hieu: Ciiu cdnh eho ndng sdn Yiet Nam", Tap chi Kinh ti vd Du bdo, s6 5, tt. 43-45.
23. Nguyen Thi Nhu Tdm (2015), "Dinh vi thuang hieu eho ndng san Viet", Tap chi Thi trudng gid cd, sd 9, tt 36-37.
24. Dmh Thi Krni Thoa (2014), "Vdn di thuang hieu cho ndng sdn ^^et Nam", Tgp chi Kinh ti vd Du bdo, sd 8, tt. 34-35.
25. Pham Minh Thuy (2019), "Xudt khdu ndng san giai doan 2010-2018", Kinh ti 2018-2019 Viet Nam vd Thi gidi, Chuyen san hang nam ciia Thdi bao Kinh ti Viet Nam, tr. 75-77.
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28. Nguyin Song Timg, Trdn Nggc Ngoan (2014), Phdt triin ndng nghiep xanh trong ndng nghiep Viet Nam: Mgt sd vdn di ly ludn vd thuc tiin, Nxb. Khoa hgc xd hdi, Hd Ndi.
29. Nguyin Qudc Tri (2013), "Di xudt khdu ndng san chuyin tir thd sang tinh", Tap chi Kinh ti vd Du bdo, sd 21, tt. 29-31.
30. Nguyen Thi Trung (2017), "Can mdt chinh sach gdp phdn xdy dyng thuang hieu san phdm de ndng nghiep Viet Nam phat ttien ben viing", Tgp chi Cdng sdn, sd 7, tt. 62-68.
3I.Nguyen Thi Trudng (2008), Hodn thien td chuc sdn xudt ndng nghiep a cde tinh trung du vd mien nui phia Bdc Viet Nam, Nxb. Dai hgc Kinh te qudc dan. Ha Ndi.
32. Nguyen Thi Minh Tu (2019), "Ddy manh lien kit san xuat giiia doanh nghiep vd ndng dan d Nghe An", Tap chi Kinh ti vd Du bdo, sd 7, tt. 60-63.
33. Hoang Dinh Vinh (2018), "Xdy dyng thuang hieu, phdt trien chudi gia tri thi trudng ndng san", Chuyen de co sd cdng sdn, sd 8, tt. 77-79.
34. Nguyen Trgng Xuan, Phung Quang Thai (2016), "Ca hdi va thach thiic vdi cdng nghiep che bien ndng san Viet Nam trong tham gia Hiep dinh ddi tdc xuyen Thai Binh Ducmg", Tap chi Gido due ly ludn, 2, tt. 54-57.
