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Thifc hien dam bao chat lifcAig giao due trong cac triTcfng THPT hien nay
PHAN NGOC DAI Hieu truSng TrUdng THPT Ly "^u Trpng - huy&n Krong Nang - DSc Lac
- Tren «iS gi6i v^o nhCfng nam 1950 cua the ky XX, U.E.
Deming (My) \k ngudi c6 nhilu c6ng trlnh ve quin l>^ chSt lUflng, Irong do c6 sO do quan ly "Vong tron Deming" tap trung vio POLC (Plan, Organize, Lead, Con troi). Cung v^o nhCfng nam 1950 Tien sT A.V, Fay gen baum dua ra thuat ngCf quSn l>? chSt IU(?ng long t h l viet tat theo tiSng Anh la TQM {Total Quality Management); vk da c6 nhieu nhk khoa hpc c6 c i c c6ng trinh nghign cufu ve v&n d l nay, ti§u bilu nhU' Andrew Taylor vk Framces hill Qu5n I)/ chat lupng giao dgc.
- 6 nu6c la thdi gian qua da co m6t s6 nha khoa hpc nghiSn cijfu vk co mdt s6 cdng trlnh ve "Dim bao chSt lupng",
"N&ng cao chSt lupng" nhung chu y l u v5 giio dye Dai hgc cda cic tic g i i nhU' L i m Quang Tht&p, Nguyin Du'c Chlnh, Nguyin Ldc, Pham Thinh Nghi, Ld Diic Ngpc v. v. Doi v6i giio dgc ph6 thdng cung cd nhilu t i c g i i nghidn cUu cic d l t i l v l chit lupng, n i n g cao chiit lupng, kiem dinh chal lupng.v.v.,. nhu TrSn Kilm, TrSn Thj Bich Lilu ,
• Trong thdi dai hdi nhip kinh t l qudc t l , thdi ky khoa hpc cdng nghd v i cdng nghfe thdng tin, n l n kmh l l tri thCfc phal triln, vSn d l "Chit lupng, d i m b i o chit lupng, ning cao chit lupng. " ndi chung v i trong cic nha trudng ndi nfing dang dupc d i t ra hing d i u , vl v i y dUflc nhilu n h i khoa hpc luu tim nghidn cilu,
- Tgi Dilu 17, Luat Giio dye 2005 quy djnh kilm dmh chSt lupng giio dye Kilm dmh chit lupng giio dye (KDCLGD) l i bidn phip chu y l u nh^m x i c dmh mu'c dd thuc hidn muc tiiu, chuong trinh, ndi dung giio dye ddi vdi n h i trudng v i eo sd giio dye khic
Vide KDCLGD dupe thyc hidn djnh ky trong pham vi ca nude v i d6i vdi tCrng CP sd giio dye. K i t q u i KDCLGD dupc cdng bd cdng khai d l x i hdi bilt v i giim sit
Bd trudng Bd GD&DT ed trieh nhidm ehf d^o thye hidn KDCLGD.
Trong nhOtig n i m g i n d i y Bd Giio dye & Dio tao cd ban hinh Quylt dinh s6 80/2008/QD-BGD&DT ngay 30/12/2008 v l vide ban hinh quy dinh v l tidu chuin dinh g i i chit lupng giio dye tnj&ng THPT v i Quylt dmh s6 83S008/QD-BGD&DT ngiy 31/12/2008 v l viic ban hinh quy djnh v l quy trlnh v i chu ky kilm djnh chit lupng cP sd giio dye ph6 thdng, l i nhCfng ed sd, tiln d l d l thyc hidn d i m b i o chit lupng trong
cac trudng THPT.
- Nhu viy c6 r i t nhilu quylt dinh, vin bin hudng din, nhom cac nha khoa hpc, cac de tai nghidn cUu khic nhau de c i p den van d l chit lupng, kilm dmh ehat lupng, ning cao chat lupng, v.v.. T h l nhung thUc chat de di s i u nghidn cUu va d l ra bien phap dim bao chat lupng trong cac n h i trudng THPT thl chua c6 tie g i i n i o Mit khic trong giio dye, nhSl l i ddi vdl cic CO sd giao dye (nhu nhi trudng) rit ein phai thye hien "Dam b i o chat lupng". De sin phim giio dye cd Chit lupng nhUmong muon m i chfim vio luydn truyln hoie khiu hldu sudng, nhlt la thi dua khdng thdi thi ehUa du Thye tren cho thiy benh hinh Ihilc, benh Ihinh lfch chu nghTa da xuit hi§n nhilu trong giao dye, nlu khdng co bien phip ngan ehan thl dilu niy ddng nghla vdi vide giio dye eung elp eho xa hdl nhQng sin phim kem chat lUdng. Do dd cin phii cd eic bidn phip thyc hidn d i m b i o chit lupng trong cie n h i trudng ndi chung va trUdng THPT ndi ndng.
Dim bio chit lupng l i md hlnh quan I'y* v i giim sat ehit lupng ngay tU trUde v i trong qui trlnh giio dye. Md hlnh quin li' niy nhim dim bao chit lupng giao dye se dat dupc theo thilt k l v i irinh dupc cic sai sdt trong giio dye. Chit lupng dupc dam b i o thdng qua vide dip iing eie chuan mpe quy dmh, cic ehuan myc v l dau vao, chuan myc v l q u i trlnh giio dye (Taylor and Hil!, 1997) va chuan mye dau ra Trong nha trudng, trudc hit cin lap mdt so chuin mye v i tnln khai thyc hiin de dat dupc nhCfng ehuin myc dd, sau dd lai thilt lip nhCfng chuan mye eao hOn v i phan dau de tilp tyc dat dupe. Q u i trlnh niy tao dilu kidn eho eic trudng ning cae tilm luc cCia mlnh v i hinh thanh chat luong ngay Irong q u i trlnh giio dye Md hlnh nay nhim trinh dupe sy cing thing eua c i c k^ thi diu ra, trinh hidn tupng hpe gao v i trinh chay dua thinh tich
O nudc ta hidn nay, d i m bio chit lupng trong eic nhi trudng hlu nhu chl mdi dupc thye hien 6 mdt so trudng dai hpe, eao d4ng, trung elp ehuydn nghidp, nhu wde dim bio ehit lupng dai hpc Qudc gia Ha Ndi, to dam b i o ehit lupng dai hpe Bich khoa D i Ning. Ridng cic trUdng THPT thl vide d i m b i o chit lupng hiin nay gin nhU chua cd trudng nio thyc hidn thinh l i p c i c \6 dim b i o chit lupng m i dim b i o chit lupng thdng qua dinh gii, kilm dmh chit lupng eua eye khio thf v i kiem dmh ehit lupng Bd Giio dye v i D i o tao, v i
28. ^ . = ^ s611-2012 Dgtfe^aHjy
c i c phdng khio thl v i kiem djnh chit lUflng cac sfi giio dye v i d i o tao.
Kilm dinh chat lupng giao dye ph6 thdng c6 vai trd quan trpng dUQc khii quit nhu eic luin dilm dudi diy:
- C i c tieu chuan KDCLGD la can cis de cae trUdng THPT x i y dyng ke hcach thi^c hien nhiem vg n i m hpe,
Thdng thudng vao moi dip dau nam hpc mdi, Bd GD&DT ed triln khai nhiem vy nam hpe cho tat ea cac n h i trudng trong toin qudc. Nhung nhQng v i n b i n chi dao eua Bd chCi y l u d l eip d i n v l n d l dudng loi, myc tidu ndi chung eho loan qude, ehua cy t h l h o i eho IQng Sd GD&DT eae tfnh, thanh phd va cac nha trudng. B&i le, he thd'ng cac n h i trudng p h i thSng eua Viet Nam, tuy thd'ng nhat ve mat to chCfc, cau trCic, myc lieu giao dye.nhung ddi vdi eae flnh, thanh pho khae nhau thl khic nhau ve eac dilu kidn giao dye. VI viy, eic lieu ehuan KDCLGD trudng hpc se giCip c i c n h i trudng Irong vide eu t h l h o i nhiem vg nam hpc do Bo GD&DT ban hanh, trd thinh nhQng hoat ddng cu t h l cua mdt nha trUdng trong suot ca nam hpc va nhQng nam tiep theo. Dilu nay dit ra cho thay, bd tieu ehuan KDCLGD trudng hpe phai de cap tdi t i t e i nhQng yeu td' co b i n i n h hudng tdi chit lupng giao dye b cae nha trUdng, phai phu hpp vdi cac van ban quy dmh eua Bd GD&DT v i ed vai trd dinh hudng sy phat tnln giio dye b cao nha trUdng.
- Cac tieu ehuin KDCLGD la myc dfeh, ddng lyc phal
then giio due , Gic lidu ehuan KDCLGD l i he thdng cac chuan mye ddi
hdi eic nhi trudng phai phan dau d l dal dUde, Cho nen cae lidu ehuin KDCLGD l i myc dieh d l cae n h i trudng phan d i u D$ dat dupe mye dich nay, cac nha trudng bude phai tlm eieh phit huy toi da cac ngudn lyc, nhy Ngudn lyc ben trong, ben ngoii nha trUdng; cac trUdng phai xiy dUng ke hoach, xiy dyng nhiem vy k h i thi v i t l ehQc thyt hidn Viee dat dupc mye dich hay khdng phy thude vao nhieu y l u to, nhung nhQng y l u to quan trpng nhat dd la y l u l l con ngudi, sy hoat ddng cua Ban giim hieu (BGH), hoat ddng eua ddi ngij can bd giio vien va sy quan tam diu tU eua eic cap chinh quyen. Diy la eo sd d l n h i Irudng tao ra eic n i t van h o i neng die trUng trong moi nha trudng.
- KDCLGD l i eo hdi d l cac n h i trudng ty dinh gii, tim giii phap nang eao chi't lupng giao due.
Ty danh gii-d n h i Irudng THPT la qua trlnh, n h i trudng dya v i o cac chuan myc quy dmh trong bd tidu chuan KDCLGD d l ly to chUe ra s o i l ddi ehieu, IQ dd dua ra nhQng k l l luan v l thye trang n h i trUdng, rul kinh nghidm v i ty hoin thidn VG cp c i u l l ChQc, qua trlnh quan If v i giang day.. NhQng thdng tin thu thip dupc tU q u i trinh ty dinh gia c l n dupc Ihu thip tU nhilu ngudn khac nhau d l d i m bao dd tin cay va tfnh chinh xic. Can ed mdt ddi ngu d l thu thip Ihdng tin; nhQng thdng tm thu dupe ngoii vide phyc vy cho qua trlnh ly dinh g i i d l md t i llnh trang eCia nha trudng, giup cho nhQng ngUdi quan t i m nim bit dupe c h l l lupng giio dye cCia n h i Irudng, dilu quan trpng l i nhQng thdng tin nay la cP sd de n h i IrUdng phal huy nhpng diem manh va tim giat phip khie phyc nhQng dilm yeu, giup nha trudng Ihye hidn Ihinh edng cac myc tieu d l d l ra,
- D l thyc hidn ty dinh g i i cd hiiu q u i thiet thyc, dat mye dfch d l ra, eic trudng THPT phii ehu ddng xiy dyng eic chuin dinh gia trin cP sd:
+ Cac c h u ^ d i n h g i i phii l l y t l m nhin, sd mang v i myc tidu chi^n lupc cOa n h i tru&ng l i m n l n mdng v i l i myc tidu hudng tdi.
- Yeu cau xay d i ^ g c h u ^ dinhh g i i g6m:
+ X i y dyng duoc c i c t'&u chuin, trong tCmg tjlu chuin c6 c i c lieu chf;
+ Tieu chuin l i t i i u d l eua mdt hoat ddng, mdt ITnh vyc, + Tieu chi la cy the h o i , ehi tiet hoa, ed eic ehi so do dupc, cd t h l dat dugc vk ed tfnh phCi hpp, kip thdi, xic dmh eho tQng khoang thdi gian thfch h^p v i cho phep ed dupc mdt khoing thdi gian du dai de ed the danh gia dupc sy tien triln cua eac nguon lye trong nha IrUdng D i y l i vide lim kho, ddi hdi phii cd si^ doi mdt tu duy, nhin thijfe eCia ddi ngu v i die biel l i cLJa ein bd q u i n \</. Thyc tien khio s i t va qua phdng van ean bd quan ly e i c trudng PT cho thiy hidn nay eic IrUdng pho thdng ndi ehung chua thyc hidn dupc viec xiy dyng chuan ty d i n h g i i ; mic dCi bilt rang no cd tam inh hudng v i quyet ding den qua trinh thy'c hien dam b i o chat lupng trong cic trudng PT,
O l giio dye Viet Nam hdi nhap quoe le, viee thuc hiSn d i m bao chit lupng trong c i c co sd giio dye ndi ehung, trong cac trudng THPT ndi neng dang dupc Dang va nha nUde la quan t i m , ehf dao; dupc eac tang ldp nhin d i n v i xa hdi dit nhilu ky vpng, doi hoi nginh giio dye phai cd nhieu biin phip d l dam bao va ning eao chat lupng giao dye,
Kinh nghtem qud'c te va nghien cQu ly luan v l dim faio chal lupng tQ thye hidn KDCLGD THPT eho thiy.
KDCLGD la myc tieu, bien phap v i ddng lUe eho eac nhi trudng dam b i o ehal lupng cija mlnh. KDCLGD khdng chide cho c i c trudng khing djnh d i m b i o chit lupng vdi cdng ding ma cdn chl ro con dudng de dat v i hudng ning cao chll lUPng nhu the nio.
Bd tieu chuin KDCL l i cdng cy v i phuang tidn d l Ihyc hien KDCLGD cua cac trudng thdng qua ty dinh g i i v i danh g i i ngoai.
Tuy nhidn de thuc hien d i m bao ehat lUdng trong eic trudng PT ndi ehung va c i e trudng THPT ndi rieng thdng qua ty dinh g i i (dinh g i i trong) ehung ta khdng t h l lly bd Hiu chuan cCia Bd GD&DT hien hanh i p v i o "mdt ed eho t i t ci", bdi moi trudng hpe, d m6i mdi trudng khic nhau, nlm trong eae vung kmh le - xa hpi, van hoa khac nhau eho dil tal c i cac trudng deu hudng den myc tieu ehung cCia giio dye l i , Ning eao dan Iri, dao tao nhin lue, boi dudng nhan tii, V i v i y d l thuc hien dam bao c h l l lupng trong c i c IrUdng THPT, cic trudng chl ndn lly bd tidu chuin dinh g i i c h l l lupng hiin hinh lam cd sd d l ty x i y dyng bd lieu chuan cOa nSng trudng minh, phu hpp vdi dieu kien cOa nha trudng de ty dinh gii, dinh gia ngoai nham thyc hiSn dam b i o chit lupng giio dye.
Cdng t i c d i m bao c h i t IUpng giio dye (theo nghTa rdng) KDCLGD (theo nghTa hgp) m i m l u chit quan trpng c6 llnli quyll djnh dd l i thyc hiin tg dinh g i i ehit IUpng (dinh gii trong) do chfnh eic cP sd giio dye {trudng hpe) xiy dyng vfi thue hien; ndi dung khdng mdi nhung no mang tfnh nghi nghidp s i u sic, tinh n h i n v i n v i tfnh xa hdi s i u rdng nhim d i m bao ning eao chit lupng giio dye. Nd trd thinh vln d l sdng cdn cCia c i c n h i InJdng trong giai dogn hiin nay, gdp phin d i o tao ngudn nhin lyc d i p ilng sg nghidp d l i mdi ciia d i t nudc v i di giio dge hdi nhip qufic t l .
