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au thanh tdi phgm co bdn (ylu td djnh tgi) Id tdng hgp cac diu hieu phap ly dac trung cua timg tdi phgm cy thi dugc quy djnh trong Bd luat Hinh sy (BLHS) nam 1999, siia ddi, bd sung ndm 2009. "Yeu td djnh tOi" cua tdi pham cy the la cac ylu tl phdp ly dac trung rieng, Id yeu to ciu thdnh tgi phgm CO ban, cd tinh bdt budc khi xdc djnh tdi pham, ddng Idm can cii dl phan biet tdi pham ndy vdi tgi pham khac va la ca sd de truy cihi trdch nhiem hinh sy vdi ngudi phgm tgi. Cau thanh tdi phgm tang ngng (yeu td djnh khung tang nang hinh phat) Id ngodi nhihig diu hieu cua ciu thanh tdi phgm CO bdn cdn cd them ddu hieu khac lam tang len tinh chat, miic dg nguy hiem cho xa hgi cua tdi phgm so vdi nhiing trudng hgp pham tdi thdng thudng khdc.Trong mgt dieu lugt ciia BLHS cd rat nhieu cdc ylu td djnh tdi va yeu td djnh khung tang ngng hinh phat, trong pham vi bdi viet nay, tdc gid chi de cap giai quyet vin dl "siia ddi, bd sung ylu td djnh tdi (da hi ket an, chua dugc xda dn tich ma cdn vi phgm) vd ylu to djnh khung tang ngng hinh phgt (tai pham, tdi pham nguy hilm) trong mpt sd dieu luat cua BLHS".
1. Nhirng dilm chua hop 1^ vd hudng ho^n thi^n "ylu t l dinh tdi" trong mdt so dilu lu^t cua Bg luat Hinh su
- Mdt trong cdc yeu td djnh tgi quy djnh tai khodn 1 cdc Dieu 137 (tgi cdng nhien chiem doat tdi sdn), Dieu 138 (tdi trpm cap tai sdn), Dieu 139 (tdi lua ddo chiem doat tai sdn), Dilu 140 (tdi lgm dyng tin nhigm chiem dogt tai san) BLHS: "Da bi kit an vl tpi chiem doat tdi san, chua dugc xod an tich ma cdn vi phgm". Viec quy djnh cym tii "toi chiem dogt tdi sdn " trong cac dieu lugt tren la chua hgp ly:
Thu nhdt, trong BLHS khdng cd tdi danh ndo Id "toi chiem dogt tdi sdn ".
Thu hai, viec quy dinh nhu vdy se dan den trong thyc te khd dp dung, cd thi ddn den tiiy nghi dp dyng; vi nlu quy djnh "tdi chiem dogt tdi sdn" dya tren co sd muc dich cua tgi phgm nhim chiem dogt tai sdn thi cd mpt sd tdi danh rat khd dl danh gia dugc myc dich chiem doat tai sdn, nhit la cdc tgi danh lien quan din Chuong XXI Cdc tgi pham ve chiic vu. Vi du: Dilu 283 va Dieu 291 BLHS quy dinh: "...nhan tiln,
Th^c sT, TnKmg D^i hoc Kiem sit Ha Noi.
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Chlto mimg'K§ mtm 9(£iti}Sidi phdng Tfid S& (10/10/19S4 -10/10/2015}
tai sdn hogc Igi ich vat chdt khdc ", nhu vay n l u ngudi pham tdi d day chiem dogt Igi ich khdc khdng phdi tai san thi se xu ly nhu thi nao; n l u can cir vdo khdch the xam phgm (can cii vao Chucmg XTV: Cdc tdi xam phgm quyIn sd hiru) thi khdng bao quat hit dupe nghia ciia cym tir "tdi chiem dogt tdi sdn" quy djnh tgi cdc dieu lugt khdc, ddn den bd Ipt tdi phgm hogc lam oan ngudi vd tgi.
Thu ba, viec quy djnh "dd bi ket dn ve tpi chiem dogt tdi sdn" tai khodn 1 cdc Dilu 137, Dilu 138, Dilu 139, Dilu 140 BLHS se din den so sanh giua cdc dieu lugt cd cung hanh vi chiem dogt tai san, nhung khdng dp dyng tinh tiet nay la yeu td djnh tgi, nhu vay la khdng hgp ly.
Vi dy: Ciing la hdnh vi chiem doat tdi sdn, tai khoan I Dieu 280 BLHS quy djnh:
"... hogc da bj ket an ve mgt trong cac tgi quy djnh tgi Muc A Chuong nay, chua dugc xoa dn tich ma cdn vi phgm, thi ...".
Neu gia sir Nguyen Van A da bj kit dn v l tOi lgm dyng chiic vy, quyen han chiim doat tai sdn, chua dugc xda dn tich tiep tyc thyc hign hdnh vi trgm cdp 1.700.000 ddng thi Nguyin Van A se bj khdi td v l tdi trgm cdp tai sdn; nhung nlu ngugc lai Nguyin Van A da bi kit an v l tgi trgm cap tai san, chua dugc xda an tich tilp tyc thyc hien hanh vi lgm dung chiic vy, quyIn han chiim dogt 400.000 ddng thi khdng bi khdi to; nhu vgy Id khdng hgp ly.
Qua viec phan tich, danh gia d tren v l nhiing diem chua hgp ly, chua diing v l cym hi ''dd bi ket dn ve tgi chiem dogt tdi sdn " la ylu td djnh tdi tgi khodn 1 cdc Dilu 137, Dilu 138, Dilu 139, Dilu 140 BLHS, de nghj sua ddi, hoan thign theo hudng:
thay cum tir "da M kit dn ve toi chiim dogt tdi sdn " bing mdt cym tii khac hgp ly hon
nhu: "da bi kit dn ve mQt trong cdc toi quy dinh tgi Chucmg ndy", nhu vgy se neu ro cac d i l u luat se dugc dp dyng d l xem xet la yeu td djnh tgi, tranh dupe viec dp dyng lugt tuy nghi, xu ly nhanh chdng; thi hien dupe mdi lien quan chgt che giua cac dilu luat dp dung trong pham vi khach the hj xam hai (Chuong XTV); tranh sy so sdnh giiia cdc dieu luat cung hdnh vi chiem doat tdi sdn, khac khdch the xam pham hoac thay the bang cum tu "dd bi kit dn ve mgt trong cdc toi quy dinh tgi cdc dieu 133, 134, 135, 136, 137..., 221 278. 280..."
De ligt ke cdc tgi danh cy th6 cd myc dich chiem dogt tdi san, de ddng cho viec thyc thi dp dyng cac dieu lugt.
- Tgi diem i khoan 1 Dieu 104 (Tdi c6 y gay thuong tich hogc gay tdn hai cho siic khoe cua ngudi khdc) BLHS quy djnh "tai pham nguy hiem" la yeu td djnh tdi Id chua dung. Theo quy dinh tgi diSm b khoan 2 Dilu 49 BLHS: Tdi phgm nguy hilm phai thda man ba dieu kien: Thu nhat phdi co hai tien dn; thu 2 chua dugc xda dn tich;
thu 3 ma Igi ph^m tgi do cd y. Nhu vay, theo quy djnh tai khodn I Dilu 104 BLHS:
"Ngudi nao cd y gay thuong tich hoac gay tdn hai cho siic khde cua ngudi khdc md ty le thuong tat tir 1 1 % d i n 30%" Id trudng hpp phgm toi; nhung trudng hgp "ngudi ndo cd y gay thuong tich hogc gay t i n hai cho siic khde cua ngudi khac ma ty le dudi 1 1 % " chi Id ngudi cd hdnh vi viph^m. Do dd, viec quy djnh "tai phgm nguy hiem" tai diem i khodn 1 D i l u 104 BLHS la chua dung vdi quy dinh tai diem b khodn 2 Dilu 49 BLHS. Qua dd, tac gia dua d l xuit hudng sira ddi, bd sung dilm i khoan 1 Dilu 104 BLHS nhu sau: "Bd tdi phgm, chua duac xda dn tich md con vi phgm ";
tgi khodn 2, khodn 3 Dilu 104 BLHS quy
0 0 I KIEMSAT /s6l9(th»g1(V2015)
djnh bd sung mdt tinh tiet djnh khung tang nang "tdiphgm nguy hiem".
Chua hap ly a cho: Neu quy djnh nhu hign tai va hieu diem i khoan 1 Dilu 104 BLHS nhu dilm b khodn 2 Dilu 49 BLHS quy djnh thi mgc nhien tgi khodn 1 Dilu 104 Igi cd hai quy djnh dinh tdi rieng bigt. Mot Id: "Ngudi nao cd y gay thuong tich hoac gay tdn hgi cho sue khde cua ngudi khac ma ty le thuong tgt tii 11% din 30%"; hai Id:
"Dudi 11% nhung thugc mdt trong cac trudng hgp sau day...". Vi dilm i khoan 1 Dilu 104 BLHS quy djnh "tai phgm nguy hilm", die Id nhu phan tich tren ta thiy dilu kign thii 3 cua tai phgm nguy hidm Id "md Igi phgm tpi do co y ", nhu vay dogn chi ddn iuat da dii yeu td djnh tgi. Do dd, can phdi siia ddi, bd sung, hoan thien diem i khodn i Dilu 104 BLHS cho hgp ly hon.
- Tgi khoan 1 Dieu 161 (tOi trdn thul) BLHS quy djnh: "Ngudi ndo trdn thue vdi sd tien tir mpt tram trieu ddng din dudi ba tram trigu ddng hoac dudi mgt trdm trieu ddng nhung da bj xir phgt hanh chinh ve hdnh vi trdn thue hogc da hi ket an ve tgi nay hogc ve mdt trong cac tgi quy djnh tgi cdc dilu 153,154,155, 156, 157, 158, 159, 160, 164, 193, 194, 195, 196, 230, 232, 233, 236 vd 238 ciia Bd ludt ndy, chua dupe xda an tich ma cdn vi pham, thi bj phat tiln tu mgt Ian den nam Ian sd tien trdn thul hoac phgt cdi tao khdng giam giu den hai nam"(quy djnh tuang tu tai Dieu 159 BLHS).
Vigc quy dinh "dd bi kit dn ve ... hogc vi mpt trong cdc tgi quy ^nh tgi cdc diiu..., 193. 194. 195, 196. 230, 232, 233, 236 vd 238 ciia BQ ludt ndy, chua duac xoa dn tich md con viphgm, thi... " Id chua hgp ly vl tinh lien quan giira cdc dieu lugt la yeu td djnh tgi vdi hanh vi cua ngudi thyc
hign hanh vi pham tdi va khdng cdn phii vdi tinh hinh xa hdi hien nay. Bdi le:
Xet vl tinh kl thira, Bd luat Hmh sy nam 1985 chat ma tiiy dugc quy dinh tai Dieu 166 "Tdi budn ban hoac tang trir hang cam"
thupc Chuong Cdc tpi pham ve kinh te; tidp din BLHS nam 1985 (siia ddi, bd sung nam 1989) da tach vd quy djnh tgi Dilu 96a:
"Tdi san xuat, tang trii, mua bdn, vgn chuyen trdi phep cac chit ma tuy" thugc Chuong Cdc tdi pham xdm phgm an ninh qudc gisi, ciing tgi Dieu 169 (tpi trdn thue) BLHS nam 1985 (sua ddi, bd sung nam 1991) quy djnh "... hogc dd bi ket dn nhimg chua duac xod dn ve toi tron thue hogc ve mgt trong cdc toi quy dinh a cdc diiu 96a, 97. 165. 166. 167, 168, 173 vd 183 ..." la hgp ly bdi tinh hinh xa hgi thdi diem dd ma tiiy gan nhu la khdng the kiem soat, ma tuy van nhu mgt thii hang hda dupe giao dich phd bien d mpt sd dja phuang khu vyc Tay bac, gay dnh hudng Idn din kinh te, ddng thdi vigc chuyen mdt diSu ludt thugc chuong tgi phgm ve kinh te sang chuong tdi phgm xam phgm an ninh qudc gia cin cd thdi gian chuyen giao vd hodn chinh; tuy nhien BLHS nam 1985 (sda ddi, bd simg nam 1997) da tdch thanh mpt Chuong cac tdi pham ve ma tiiy (tir dieu 185a den 185o) nham the hien chii truong ciia Ddng, phdp lugt ciia Nha nude de dau tranh, phdng chdng te ngn ma tiiy, the hien sy dgc quyen qudn ly ciia nhd nude ddi vdi cdc chat ma tuy (chii yeu dung lam thudc chiia benh trong y hgc), ddng thdi nham khuyin cao tdc hgi cua ma tuy vdi cdng ddng xa hpi, ddi vdi siic khde con ngudi, phong chdng te ngn ma tiiy hong cgng ddng de bao ddm trgt tu xa hdi ciia dat nude; cdn muc dich ve quan ly kinh tl trong viec ddu tranh vdi loai tgi phgm ndy chi la thii yeu. Vi vay, nlu liy ylu
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tiuu>imaiSAgmem.-Ji^i^giaipumg-in»uv{±u/±\f/jjj-t- AM/xv/uvi-Ji
td djnh tdi la "da bi ket dn vi mot trong cdc toi tgi cdc dieu 193, 194. 195, 196" thudc Chuong cac tdi pham ve ma tuy de djnh tgi cho khdch thi xmn. phgm cua tgi phgm la trgt hr qumi ly kinh t l thi khdng hpp ly cin chinh siia vd bd quy djnh nay.
Tuang ty, tgi phgm dupe quy djnh tgi cdc dilu 230, 232, 233, 236 va 238 thudc Chuong cac tdi xam pham an toan cdng cdng, trgt ty cdng cdng ciia BLHS, so vdi BLHS nam 1985 cac tdi danh nay dugc quy djnh tai chuong Tgi phgm xam pham an ninh qudc gia; nhu vay muc dich chu yeu trong viec dau tranh phdng, chdng vdi loai tdi phgm nay la de bdo ddm trat ty an todn xa hdi, chii khdng phdi la trgt ty quan ly kinh tl; dong thdi xet ve tinh ke thira tgi Dilu 169 (tdi trdn thul) BLHS nam 1985 (sira ddi, bd sung nam 1991) quy djnh"....
hogc dd bi kit dn nhung chua duac xod dn ve tgi tron thue hogc vi mot trong cdc tgi quy dinh a cdc diiu 96a, 97, 165, 166, 167, 168, 173 vd 183 ...", nd khdng quy djnh cac dilu 95, 96 cua BLHS nam 1985 (tiln than cua cdc dilu 230, 232, 233,236 va 238 cua BLHS hien nay) la yeu td djnh tgi tai Dilu 169 BLHS nam 1985. Vi vay, n l u liy yeu td djnh tdi la "da M ket dn ve mot trong cdc toi tgi cdc dieu 230, 232, 233, 236 vd 238" thudc chuong Cdc tdi xam pham an todn cdng cdng, trat ty cdng cdng de djnh tdi cho khach the xam phgm ciia tdi phgm Id trat ty qudn ly kinh t l thi khdng hop ly ca ve mat xa hgi Ian tinh k l thua trong xay dyng phdp lugt, khdng cd tinh lien quan chat che giiia yeu to djnh tdi vdi hanh vi cua ngudi thyc hien tpi pham, cin phai dilu chinh, sira ddi va bd quy djnh nay.
Qua each phan tich d tren, cin siia ddi, bd cym \ix"}93, 194, 195, 196, 230. 232, 233, 236 vd 238" la ylu td dinh tgi tgi
khoan 1 Dieu 159, khoan 1 Dieu 161 BLHS de dieu luat cd sy chinh xdc trong viec ap dung vd tinh lien quan giiia yeu td dinh tdi vdi hanh vi cua ngudi pham tgi (ylu td dinh tdi vd tgi danh ciing quy djnh tai mdt chuong).
2. Nhirng di@m chua htfp ly va hudng hoan thien "yeu to dinh toi" vdi "yeu to dinh k h u n g " tang nang hinh phat trong mpt sd dieu luat cua Bo luat Hinh su
Theo quy djnh tgi khoan 2 Dilu 48 BLHS: "Nhung tinh tiet da Id yeu td djnh tgi hogc dinh khung hinh phgt thi khdng dugc coi la tinh tiet tang ngng". Trong phin tgi pham cua BLHS, can phmi biet rd che djnh
"tai phgm, tdi pham nguy hiem" vua Id tinh tiet tang ngng trach nhiem hinh sy, vira la yeu td djnh khung tang nang hinh phgt, nhung "tdi phgm, tdi phgm nguy hiem"
khong phdi Id yeu to dinh tgi, mdyeu to dinh tgi dugc quy dinh Id "dd bi kit dn vi ...., chua duac xoa dn tich md con viphgm".
2.1. Diiu kien dp dung Id "yeu to dinh toi" hep han so vai dieu kien dp di^ng Id
"yiu to dinh khung tdng ndng"
- Yeu td djnh tdi quy dinh tai khodn 1 cac Dilu 137, Dilu 138, Dilu 139, Dilu 140 BLHS: "da bj ket dn ve tdi chiem doat tdi san, chua dugc xoa dn tich md cdn vi phgm" va yeu td dinh khung tang nang quy dinh tai dilm c khoan 2 Dilu 137, Dieu 138, D i l u 139, d i l m d khodn 2 Dilu 140 BLHS "tdi pham nguy hiem".
Tuong tu, tgi khoan 1 cac Dieu 142 (tdi su dung trdi phep tai sdn), Dieu 143 (Tdi huy hogi hoac cd y lam hu hdng tai san) BLHS quy djnh: "da bj ket an ve tdi nay, chua dupe xoa an tich md cdn vi phgm" va tai diem d khodn 2 Dieu 142, dilm e khoan 2 Dilu 143 BLHS quy dinh
"tai pham nguy hiem".
Tgp chi
3 8 I KIEMSAT /im^i^mm
- Tgi diem a, c khodn 1 Dilu 153 (Tdi budn lau) BLHS quy djnh: "Da bj xu phat hdnh chinh ve hanh vi quy dinh tai Dieu nay hoac tgi mgt trong cac dilu 154, 155, 156, 157, 158, 159, 160 vd 161 ciia Bp ludt nay hoac da bj ket dn ve mgt trong cac tdi nay, chua dugc xoa dn tich ma cdn vi pham" va tgi diem c khoan 2 Dilu 153 BLHS quy djnh "tai pham nguy hiem".
- Tgi khodn 1 Dieu 207 (tgi dua xe trdi phep) BLHS quy dinh: "Da bj kit an vl tdi nay, chua dugc xoa an tich ma cdn vi phgm" vd tai diem g khodn 2 Dilu 207 quy dinh: "Tdi pham ve tdi nay hogc tdi td chiic dua xe trdi phep" va khodn 3 Dieu 207 quy djnh: "Tdi phgm nguy hiem".
Tren day Id bdn quy djnh dien hinh ciia cdc dieu Iuat ve dieu kien ap dyng la "yeu td dinh tgi" hep ban so vdi dieu kien dp dyng la "yeu td djnh khung tang ngng hinh phgt". Khang djnh viec quy djnh che djnh
"tdi pham" hoac "tai pham nguy hiem" Id yeu td dinh khung tang nang hirih phat cua cac dieu luat tren la hodn todn cd y nghia trong vigc gido dye, ngan ngiia tdi pham va cd can cii. Tuy nhien, neu xet ve mdi lien he va rdng bugc giiia quy djnh tgi khoan 1 vdi khodn 2, vdi khodn 3 tgi cdc dieu Iuat tren thi quy djnh nhu vay Id chua hgp ly.
Bdi le, vigc quy djnh nhu tren cd the ddn din bit Igi cho ngudi phgm tgi.
Vi dy 1: Nguyen Van A da cd 02 tien an ve tpi cd y gay thuong tich, chua dugc xda dn tich, nay Igi tiep tyc cd hanh vi trgm cap tdi san. Nlu tdi san trgm cap cua Nguyen Van A cd gid ttj 1.800.000 ddng thi A khdng bj truy ciiu trdch nhiem hinh sy; nhung neu gid tri trgm cdp la 2.100.000 dong thi A se bj truy ciiu trdch nhiem hinh su tai diem c khodn 2 Dilu 138 BLHS. Ta thiy, sy bit Ipi cho Nguyen Van A, su chenh lech gid tri
trgm cip qud nhd, nhung hgu qud phdp ly qua Idn (khongphgm tgi-phgm tgi nghiim trgng), viec chenh lech qua Idn nay la do 02 tien dn (yiu to dinh khung tdng ngng) khdng cung khdch the (khdc chuong) vdi hanh vi ngudi pham tdi thyc hien; do dd can sira ddi, bd sung, hodn thien.
Vi dy 2: Nguyin Van B da cd 02 tien dn tien an ve tgi Lgm dung tin nhiem chiem dogt tdi sdn, chua dugc xda an tich, nay lai tiep tyc cd hanh vi trdm cap tdi sdn. Neu tai san trdm cap cua Nguyen Van B cd gid hi 1.800.000 ddng thi B bj truy cihi trach nhiem hmh sy theo khodn 1 Dieu 138 BLHS vd neu gia trj trdm cap la 2.100.000 ddng thi B se bj tmy cihi trach nhigm hinh sy theo dilm c khoan 2 Dilu 138 BLHS. Nhu vgy, tgi vi du 2 ta thdy cd sy thong nhat, hen ket, hgp ly hon (tinh tiet djnh khung tang nang ciuig khdch the vdi tdi danh hdnh vi cua ngudi thyc hi6n hanh vi phgm tdi).
Vi dy 3: Nguyen Van C da cd 02 tien an ve tgi Td chdc dua xe trdi phep, Le Van D cd 01 tien an ve tdi Dua xe trai phep, chua dugc xda an tich, ciing tiep tyc thyc hien hdnh vi dua xe trai phep. Neu hanh vi dua xe trai phep cua C, D khdng gay hau qud vl sire khde, tai sdn ciia ngudi khdc thi Nguyin Van C khdng pham tdi cdn Le Van D bj truy cii trdch nhiem hinh sy theo khoan 1 Dieu 207 BLHS; neu hanh vi dua xe trai phep cua C, D gay hgu qua ve siic khde, tdi sdn ciia ngudi khdc dii yeu td djnh tdi vl Tdi dua xe trdi phep thi C se bi tmy cdu trach nhiem hmh sy theo khodn 3 Dilu 207 BLHS, nhung D chi bj truy ciiu hrdch nhiem hinh sy theo dilm g khodn 2 Dilu 207 BLHS. Tir vi dy ndy cho thay: Do viec quy djnh dilu kien de dp dyng tinh tiet djnh tdi hgp hon so vdi dieu kien dp dyng tinh tiet djnh khung tang nang, mac du giiia tinh tilt djnh tdi va tinh
Tap chi Sol9(thang1(B(n5)V_KlfeM SAT I 3 9
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tiet djnh khung cd mdi lien he mat thilt vdi nhau (quy dinh cung mot chuang ciia BLHS) nhung van dan d i n sy b i t Igi cho ngudi phgm tgi hoac chua thuyet phyc trong viec djnh ^ i danh hogc tang ngng hinh phgt;
do dd can sua ddi, bd sung, hodn thien.
Trong phan cdc tgi pham cua BLHS cdn cd mdt sd dieu luat khac cd quy dinh tuong tu nhu cac dieu Iuat neu tren; de cd tinh thdng nhat, lien quan, rang budc, diing trinh ty xay dyng quy pham phdp lugt, tac gia dua ra quan diem can sua ddi, bd sung, hodn thign theo hudng: Cdc yiu to dinh tgi (^ bi kit dn vi tgi gi) cua khung ca bdn thi se Id yeu to dinh khung tdng ngng hinh phgt (tdi phgm, tdi phgm nguy hiim vi tgi do) cua dieu ludt do.
Vi dy: Khodn 1 Dilu 158 BLHS (Tpi san xuat, budn bdn hdng gid la thirc an dung de chan nudi, phdn bdn, thudc thii y, thudc bao vg thyc vat, gidng cay trong, vat nudi) quy djnh: "Ngudi ndo sdn xuat, budn bdn hang gia la thirc an .... hoac da bj xu phat hdnh chmh ve hanh vi quy djnh tgi Dieu ndy hoac tgi mdt trong cac dieu 153, 154, 155, 156, 157,159 va 161 cua Bd lugt ndy hogc da bj ket an ve mgt trong cac tdi nay, chua dugc xoa an tich rod cdn vi phgm, t h i . . . " ; tren co sd quy dinh cua khung co ban, thi diem d khoan 2 Dilu 158 BLHS thay cym tir "tdi phgm nguy hiem" bang cum tir: "Dd tdi phgm vi tgi ndy hogc da tdi phgm ve cdc tgi quy dinh tgi cdc dieu 153, 154, 155. 156, 157, 159 vd 161" chua duac xoa dn tich md Igi phgm toi" Nhu vay se hop ly hon, trdnh vigc bdt Igi cho ngudi thyc hien hanh vi pham tdi (cdc dieu ludt khdc sua ddi, bd sung tuong ty cho phu hgp timg tdi danh, timg chuang ciia BLHS).
2.2. Bieu kien dp dung Id "yeu to dinh toi" rgng han so vai diiu kien dp dung Id
"yeu to dinh khung tdng ndng"
Ngoai viec nhgn xet, ddnh gid, de nghj sua ddi, bd sung Dieu 161 BLHS tgi dogn 2 myc 1 trong bai viet nay; tdc gid cdn thiy sy chua hgp ly trong moi lien ket giiia khoan 1 vdi khoan 2 ciia Dieu luat nay.
Khodn 1 Dilu 161 quy dinh mgt trong cac y l u td djnh tdi la "da hi ket dn ve tgi ndy hogc v l mgt trong cac tdi quy djnh tgi cdc dilu 153, 154, 155, 156, 157, 158, 159, 160, 164, 193, 194, 195, 196, 230, 232, 233, 236 va 238 cua Bd ludt nay, chua dugc xda an tich ma cdn vi pham"; nhung ylu td djnh khung tang ngng tgi khoan 2 Dilu 161 quy djnh: "tai phgm ve tdi nay".
Nhu vay, dieu kign ap dyng Id "yeu td djnh tpi" tgi khodn 1 rgng han so vdi dieu kien dp dyng la "ylu td djnh khung tang ngng"
quy dinh tai khodn 2, ddn den sy bat hgp \y trong ket cau dieu ludt vd khdng phu hgp quy Iuat "nude ndi thuyen ndi"; tuc Id tren CO sd ciia khung co bmi se quy djnh khung tang nang cho phu hgp. Do dd, can sira ddi, bd sung, hodn thien Dieu 161 BLHS sao cho phii hgp giiia khodn 1 vdi khodn 2 va vdi cac dieu Iuat khac cimg chuang.
De nghj siia ddi, bd sung khodn 2 Dieu 161 BLHS theo hudng: Thay cym tir "tdi phgm ve tgi ndy " bang cym tir "dd bi ket dn vi tgi ndy hogc ve mgt trong cdc tgi quy dinh tgi cdc diiu 153. 154, 155, 156. 157, 158, 159, 160, 164 cua Bo lugt ndy, chua dugc xoa dn tich md cdn phgm tgi".
Tdm lai: Qua thyc tien va qua trinh nghien ciiu thyc hien BLHS nam 1999 (siia ddi, bd sung 2009) da bpc Ip nhiing diem chua hgp ly quy dinh v l "ylu td djnh tgi", tinh lien ket chat che, rdng bugc giiia "yeu td djnh tgi" vdi "yeu td djnh khung tang nang hinh phgt" cua mgt sd dieu luat trong BLHS can siia ddi, bd sung, hoan thien cac quy djnh tren trong thdi gian tdi. •
Tap chi ___
4 0 I KIEMSAT_ySo19(thang1(V2015)
