CAC QUY DINH VE BAO VE MOI TRU'OfNG TRONG HOAT DONG SAN X U A T , KINH DOANH, DICH VU
CUA LUAT BAO VE MOI TRUdNG NAM 2014 Ddo Mdng Diep*
Tdm tat: Ludt Bdo vi mdi trudng 2014 dugc Qudc hdi nudc Cgng hod xd hdi chit nghia Viet Nam khod XIII thdng qua ngdy 23/6/2014 vdi rdt nhiiu ngi dung mdi, trong dd cd cdc quy dinh ve bdo vi mdi trudng trong hogt ddng sdn xudt. kinh doanh, djch vu.
Bdi viet ddnh gid nhirng thdnh cdng vd hgn chi cua cdc ^uy dinh vi bdo vi mdi trudng trong hogt dgng sdn xudt, kinh doanh, dich vu vd de xudt mgt sd gidi phdp nhdm ndng cao hiiu qud dp dung cdc quy djnh ndy.
Abstract: The Law on Environment Protection of 2014, which was adopted by the National Assembly ofthe S.R. Vietnam (Legislature XIII) on 23 June 2014, contains new contents, including provisions on environment protection regarding production, trading and service activities. This article evaluates the success and shortcoming of those provisions. It also makes recommendation to improve the effectiveness of enforcement of those provisions.
1. Danh gia cac quy dinh ve bao v$
mdi trudng trong hoat ddng san xuat, kinb doanh, djch vu cua Lu^t Bao ve moi tnrdng nam 2014
a. vi nhiing thdnh cdng
Thu nhdt, Lugt Bao vf mdi tiirdng 2014 da nhdm cac quy dinh vS bao ve mdi tradng khu san xudt, kinh doanh, djch vy tap tiung thanh cac d i k luat tucmg flng vdi bao ve mdi tmdng khu kinh tl"; khu cdng nghifp, khu chl xudt, khu cdng nghe cao^; cym cdng nghiep, khu kinh doanh, dich vu tgp trung^, trong dd Iam ro vai trd cua Ban quan ly khu kinh te. Ban quan ly khu cdng nghifp, chfl ddu tu xay dung va kinh doanh, Uy ban nhan dan cap huySn. DiSu nay da
' T S . , Khoa Lufit, D^i hpc Hul.
' Diiu 65 Lufit Bao vf mfli trudng 2014.
' Dilu 66 Lufit Bao vf mfli trudng 2014.
* Dilu 67 Lufit Bfio vf moi truflng 2014.
khac phuc dugc sy trung lap vS mat ndi dung ttong cac quy dinh cfla Luat Bao vf mdi tradng 2005, phan dinh rd ttach nhifm ciia cac bO phan chuyen mdn va ttach nhifm cfla cac CO quan cd liSn quan. Ddng thdi, bd sung nhflng d i k kiSn ca ban ddi vdi Ban quan ly khu kinh tl, khu cdng nghiSp, khu chl xudt, khu cdng nghf cao. Ngoai vifc quy dinh vl bp phan chuyen ttach bao ve mdi tradng, Lugt hien hanh cdn nhan mgnh ttach nhiem cua cac chu the cd liSn quan ttong viec xay dyng phuang an bao ve mdi tradng va xem day la npi dung cdt Idi ttong qua trinh thyc hien cac hoat ddng lien quan dSn mdi tmdng.
Thu hai, ddi vdi co sd san xuat, kinh doanh, dich vu, Lugt hien hanh da quy dinh chi tilt cac yeu cdu ttong vifc xfl ly nudc tiiai, chdt thai r k , bui, khi thai, khi ddc; cac yeu cau ttong vifc xay dyng va thyc hifn phuang an bao vf mdi trudng; thyc thi ttach
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NHA Ntfdc VA PHAP LVATSO 4/2015
nhiem bao vf mdi tradng'*.
ThO ba, ddi vdi mdi tradng lang nghi, dieu kifn va cac ySu cau cho cac iang nghi dugc quy dinh chat che. Trong dd, phuang an xay dyng va thuc hien cac bifn phap bao ve mdi tradng iang nghe dugc xem la nhflng ndi dimg ca ban ma Iang nghe phai dam bao khi tham gia vao hogt ddng san xuat, kinh doanh. So vdi Lugt Bao ve mdi tmdng 2005, Lugt hifn hanh da phan dinh rd vai frd quan ly, traeh nhiem cfla Uy ban nhan dan cac cap frong viec lap, triSn khai thyc hifn phuang an bao vf mdi tradng cho lang nghe; quy hogch, xay dyng, cai tao va phat ttien lang nghe; bd tii ngan sach cho hogt dpng bao vf mdi tradng cfla iang nghS;, chi dao, kiSm tta, thanh tta, td chflc danh gia muc do d nhilm va xfl ly d nhilm mdi tradng Iang nghe. Ddng thdi, quy dinh bd sung ve td chuc ty quan bao vf mdi tmdng.
Thu tu, ttong ITnh vyc benh vien va co sd y te, ngoai viec quy dinh rd ve boat dpng thu gom, xfl ly nudc thai y tS, chat thai ran y tS, chat thai y te, khi thai benh vien va ca sd y te, Lugt hifn hanh cdn quy dinh them ttach nhifm cua chu ddu tu benh vifn, ca sd y tS;
ngudi dflng dau bfnh vien, ca sd y te ttong viec bd tri kinh phi de xay dung cdng trinh ve sinh, he thdng thu gom, xfl Iy chat thai, thyc hifn yeu cau ve bao vf mdi tmdng^.
Thu ndm, ddi vdi vifc nhap khau phe lieu, Lugt hifn hanh quy dinh phe lifu nhgp khau phai dap flng quy chuan ky thugt mdi hirdng; ca nhan, td chflc nhgp khdu phS lieu phai dap flng cac diSu kifn nhat dinh theo quy dinh cua phap luat, dgc bift phai thyc
hifn viec Ic^ quy bao dam phe lieu nhap khdu theo quy dinh cfla Chinh phfl*.
Thu sdu, ddi vdi co sd nghien cflu, phdng thi nghiSm, Luat hifn hanh da bl sung cac ySu cdu bao vf mdi tradng. Theo dd, "/. Cff sd nghien cuu, phdng thti nghidm phdi thuc hiin cdc yiu cdu bdo ve moi Irudng sau:
a) Thu gom, xu ly nudc thdi dgt quy chudn ky thugt mdi trudng;
b) Phdn logi chdt thai rdn tgi ngudn;
thu gom vd xH ly theo quy djnh cua phdp ludt vi qudn ly chdt thdi rdn;
c) Xu ly, tieu hdy mdu, vgt phdm phdn tich thi nghidm, hda chdt bdo ddm quy chudn ky thugt mdi trudng;
d) Cd ki hogch, trang thiit bi phdng ngua, img phd su cd mdi trudng.
2. Co sd nghien clhi, phdng thO nghiem cd su dung chdt phdng xg phdi ddp iing cdc yiu cdu vi an todn buc xg, an todn hgt nhdn theo quy dinh cua phdp lugt"
Ngoai ra, Luat ciing quy djnh ttach nhiem cfla Thfl tmdng ca sd nghiSn cuu, phdng thfl nghifm ttong vifc thyc hifn cac yeu cau ve bao ve mdi tradng theo quy dinh ciia phap luat.
b. Ve nhitng han che
Ben cgnh nhirng thanh cdng nSu tren, nhftng quy dinh vl bao vf mdi tradng ttong hogt dgng san xuat, kinh doanh, dich vy cua Lugt Bao vf mdi tmdng nam 2014 v k cdn mgt sd ban chl c k dugc xem xet.
Thu nhdt, ddi vdi khu kinh te, khu cong nghiSp, khu chl xudt, khu cdng nghf cao, Lugt quy dinh Ban quan ly phai cd bg phan
'* Dilu 68 Lufit Bfio vf mfli truflmg 2014.
* Dieu 72 Luat Bfio vf mfli tnrflng 2014.
* Dilu 76 Lufit Bao vf mfli truflng 2014.
' Dilu 79 Lufit Bfio v | mfli truflng 2014.
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CAC QUY DfNH VE BAG V$...
chuyen frach vl bao vS mdi tradng . Quy dinh nay nhim nang cao tinh chuyen mdn, hifu qua quan Iy trong hoat ddng bao vf mdi tradng cfla Ban quan ly khu kmh te, khu cdng nghifp, khu chl xuat, khu cdng nghf cao. Tuy nhien, lgi thieu cac quy dinh ve bO phan chuyen frach ve bao vf mdi tradng; tieu chuan, dieu kifn dgt ra cho bO phan chuyen traeh ve bao vf mdi tradng;
ttach nhifm cfla bO phgn chuyen traeh cung nhu ca quan quan ly ddi vdi bd phan nay.
Thu hai, quy dinh cac doanh nghiep, co sd san xuat, kinh doanh, dich vu phai cd tiich nhiSm xay dyng va thuc hien phuang an bao vf mdi tradng; xay dyng va thyc hifn cac bien phap bao vS mdi tradng . Tuy nhien, cac yeu cau dat ra trong phuang an bao ve mdi tradng lai khdng dugc quy dinh cu thS. Do dd, viec ap dung ttSn thyc tS se khdng thing nhdt va khd ap dung.
Thu ba, Luat hifn hanh quy dinh: "Ca sd sdn xudt hodc kho tdng thudc cdc trudng hgp sau phdi cd khodng cdch bdo ddm khdng cd tdc ddng xdu ddi vdi khu ddn cu:
a) Cd chdt di chdy, di nd;
b) Cd chdt phong xg hogc buc xg mgnh;
c) Cd chdt ddc hgi ddi vdi ngudi vd sinh vgt;
d) Phdt tdn bgi, miii, tiing dn dnh hudng xdu tdi sOc khde con ngudi;
d) Gdy d nhiim ngudn nudc"'°.
Tuy nhien, tiSu chi "cd khodng cdch bdo ddm khdng cd tdc dgng xdu ddi vdi khu
^ Dilu 65 khofin 2; Dieu 66 khofin 2 Lufit Bfio vf mfli trudng 2014.
' Difiu 67, Dilu 68, Dieu 70 Lufit Bfio vf mfli trudng 2014.
'" Dilu 68 khofin 2 Lufit Bfio vf mfli trudng 2014.
dan cu" la mdt quy dinh mang tinh dinh tinh, khi trien khai vao thyc tl khd ap dung.
Thu tu, viec bao ve mdi tradng ttong hogt ddng san xuat, kinh doanh, dich vu dugc quy dinh gdm 14 dilu tfl Dilu 65 din Dieu 79. Tuy nhien, chiSm ban nfla frong so cac dieu luat nay can su hudng d k cita cac ca quan cd tham quyk (Bg Tai nguyen va Mdi tmdng - khoan 4, D i k 65; khoan 4, DiSu 66; khoan 4, Dilu 67; Bd tmdng Bd Tai nguySn va Mdi tradng chfl tri, phdi hgp vdi BO tradng Bd Cdng Thuang, BO tmdng Bd Ndng nghifp va Phat triSn ndng thdn - khoan 3, Dilu 78; Chinh phfl - Dilu 68;
khoan 2, khoan 7, Dieu 70; khoan 3, Dilu 75; DiSu 76). Den nay, Lugt Bao vf mdi tradng da dugc trien khai fren thyc te nhung nhftng van ban hudng dan cfla cac ca quan cd tham quyen v k chua cd. Dieu nay anh hudng nhdt dinh din viec thyc hifn thong nhat, hifu qiui ttong boat dgng bao ve mdi tradng cfla cac ca sd san xudt, kinh doanh, dich vu.
2. Mgt so giai phdp nhim nSng cao hifu qua ap dung cac quy djnh ve bao v€
mdi tnrong trong hoat dong san xuat, kinh doanh, djch vu
ThO nhdt, c k chi tiet boa cac quy dinh lien quan din bao vf mdi tradng trong boat dgng san xuat, kinh doanh, dich vy cua Luat Bao vf mdi tradng 2014 nhu: cac quy dinh vl bd phan chuyen traeh ve bao ve mdi tradng; tiSu chuk, dieu kifn dgt ra cho bg phgn chuySn traeh vS bao vf mdi tradng;
ttach nhiem cfla bd phgn chuyen ttach cung nhu CO quan quan Iy ddi vdi bd phgn nay;
cac quy dinh vS yeu cau dgt ra ttong phuang an bao ve mdi tradng; tiSu chi xac djnh "cd khoang each bao dam khdng cd tac ddng xdu ddi vdi khu dan cu"...
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NHA Ntfoc VA PHAPLUATSd4/2015
ThO hai, Chinh phu va cac ca quan cd thdm quyen can sdm ban hanh cac van ban hudng dan nhimg nOi dung cy thS ttong cac quy dinh lien quan dSn hoat dOng bao ve mdi tmdng ttong hoat dgng san xuat, kinh doanh, dich vu dS dam bao viec ap dung Luat thing nhat va hifu qua. Ddng thdi, can khk traong ban hanh cac Nghi dinh (quy dinh vS quan ly chat thai va phe lieu; quy dinh ve quy hoach bao vf radi tradng, danh gia radi tradng chiSn lugc, danh gia tac dpng mdi tradng va ke hogch bao vf mdi tradng; quy dinh vS xac dinh thift hai ddi vdi mdi tradng; quy dinh ve dieu kien thyc hifn hogt dOng quan ttic mdi tmdng; quy dinh vl xfl phat vi phgm hanh chinh frong linh vyc bao vf radi tradng); Quyet dinh (cua Thu tudng Chinh phfl quy dinh danh muc phe lieu dugc phep nhap khau; quy dinh vS thu hdi xfl Iy san pham thai bd) va Thdng tu. Thong tu lien tich hudng dan cac ngi dung liSn quan cfla Lugt Bao ve mdi tradng nam 2014".
ThO ba, phat huy vai frd quan Iy chfl dao cfla Bd Tai nguyen va Mdi tmdng frong hogt dgng xay dyng cac chinh sach, chien lugc, quy hoach, ke hoach, chuang trinh, de an qudc gia vS bao ve mdi tradng; xay dyng, ban hanh van ban quy phgm phap lugt theo tham quySn, quy chuan ky thuat qudc gia vS mdi tmdng; ban hanh van ban hudng d k ky thugt theo thdm quySn; xay dyng hf thdng quan frac mdi tmdng quoc gia, thdng tin mdi tmdng; xay dyng, tham dinh, phS duyet quy hoach bao vf mdi tradng; tham dinh bao cao danh gia mdi tradng chiSn iugc; xay dyng va td chflc triln khai thyc
http://www.isem. gov. vn^lewsDetail.aspx?id=287:
Bfio Chau, No luc dua Lufit Bfio vg mfli tnrang vfio cu$e sflng.
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hien chinh sach, chuang trinh, rad hinh thfl nghiSm ve san xuit va tiSu thu bSn viing, than thien vdi mdi tnrdng; hudng dk, chflng nhgn san phdm, ca sd than thifn vdi mdi tradng; chi dgo, hudng dan hogt dpng cai thifn sue khde mdi trudng; xay dyng va td chflc thyc hien hf thdng chi tieu danh gia, theo ddi tinh hinh thyc thi phap luat vl bao vf mdi tmdng frSn phgm vi toan qudc;
traySn thdng, phd bien, giao due phap lugt vS bao ve radi tradng...
Bd Tai nguySn va Mdi tmdng phdi hgp vdi cac Bg tradng, Thfl tradng ca quan ngang Bd, Uy ban nlmn dan cac cip frong quy hoach mdi tradng, bao vf mdi tradng ddi vdi hoat dOng san xuat, kinh doanh, dich vu; khac phyc d nhiSra mdi trudng; ung pho sy cd mdi tradng; xay dyng radi tradng xanh... Dac biet chfl ttpng vai frd cua Uy ban nhan dan cac cap frong hogt ddng quan ly ddi vdi cac ca sd san xudt, kinh doanh, dich vu.
ThO tu, nang cao y thuc chap hanh phap lugt bao ve radi tmdng cua cac co sd san ximt, kinh doanh, dich vu. Tang cudng hogt ddng ddi thoai, frao ddi gifta cac ca sd san xuat, kinh doanh, dich vy, cpng ddng dan cir sinh sdng fren dia ban vdi cac ca quan quan ly nha nudc vS radi trudng dS cd each giai quyet nhimg van de lien quan den d nhiem mdi tradng, khac phyc sy cd mdi tradng do cac CO sd san xudt, kinh doanh, dich vu gay ra... Ngoai ra, ca sd san xuat, kinh doanh, dich vu cd traeh nhiem cung cap thdng tin mdi tmdng liSn quan dSn boat dOng ciia rainh cho Uy ban nhan dan cdp huyfn, cap xa'^. Trong dd, phai cdng khai cac npi dung
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'^ Dilu 130 Lufit Bfio vf mfli tmdng 2014.
