HQI KHOA HOC PHATTRIEN N O N G T H O N V I E T NAM
PHAT TRIEN DU LICH CONG OONG GAM VCfl BAG TON VAN HOA TRUYEN THONG
CUA DAN TOC THAI TREN DIA DAN HUYEN CON CUONG, TINH NGHE AN
, 1 LoVdndc*
Summary: { I • • ] 0>mmunitytoummmodeiassociatedwithtroditioriolculluralpreservationofIhmpeoplearedeployedlnthreecommunes:MonSon,YenKhe,LucI}aofConCuongdistnaunder consti'uction project of community tourism model of Nghe An Department of Culture - Sports and Tourism. This tourism model has brought some first achievements • Oeating moreworksforlocalpeople,andalsobeasourceofmotmtmforthedevelopmentofothereconomicsectors,hassignlhcantcontributiontoeconomicgmwth,povertyreductm,
ensuring social security, preserving and bringing into play cultural values, protecting the environment and maintain security, national defense. However, tourism activities are mostly spontaneous, so it is less attractive to investors, poor infrastructure has not met the needs of tourists, especially foreign tourists. Therefore, m tiie future should have the appropriate solutions, practical to develop Commmty tourism model associated witii traditional cultural preservation of Thai people sustainability.
Keywords:
1. Dat vande
Trong nhuTig nam vtfa qua, nganh du lieh ndi ehung vd du Ijeh edng ddng ndi riing d ntfdc ta dang phat trien manh me, ddng gdp eho nen kinh te qude dan ngay mdt tang, tao ra nhilu viee lam, ddng gdp quan trpng vao tang trtfdng kinh te, xoa ddi, gidm nghdo, ddm bao an sinh xa hdi, bdo tdn va phdt huy gid trj van hoa, bdo vd mdi trtfdng va gitf vtfng an ninh, qude phdng
La mdt huydn mien ntfi etfa tinh Nghe An. Con cudng ed tdi 88% ddn sd la ngudi dan tdc t h i l u sd trong dd 74% la edng ddng dan toe Thai vdi nhtfng gid tri van hod phong phtf, ddc ddo va chtfa dtfng tinh n h i n van cao e l . Con Cudng nam tren dja hinh nhilu nui da vdi k i t ndi nhau ed dinh eao trdn 2700m. Do vay da tao ra nhilu hang ddng, thae nude dep, nhtfng eanh rtfng nguydn sinh tao ndn VQG Ptf Mat n i m trong khu dtf trtf sinh q u y i n the gidi dupc UNESCO cdng nhan vdi didn tfch 94,804ha, ed hd thtfc ddng vat phong phtf
Ttf thang 6/2011, VQG Ptf Mat da kyThda thudn ddi tdc thtfc hien gitfa UNESCO Viet Nam va Ban qudn ly Vtfdn qude gia Ptf Mdt v l vai trd vd nhiem vy ctfa ddi tae thtfc hidn dtf an "Xdy dtfng md hinh du Ijch cdng ddng tuyin Yln Khe - Lyc Da - Mdn Son, huyen Con Cudng, tinh Nghe An"
2. Thurc trang phat trien du Ijch cong ddng gan vdi bSo ton VHTT cua dan tdc Thai tren ^ a ban huydn Con Cudng, tinh Nghe An
2.1. Quy hogch phdt trien
D i n nam 2013 UBND huydn Con Cudng xdy dtfng d l an: Phat trien du Ijch cdng ddng g i n vdi b i o tdn VHTT etfa ddn tde Thai huyen Con Cudng, tinh Nghe An thdi ky 2013 - 2020 quy hoaeh 3 bdn gdm Bin Ntfa xa Yen Khd, Ydn Thanh xd Lue Da vd bdn Xiing xa Mdn Son vdi tdng kinh phi Id: 35 tj- ddng ehia Idm 2 giai doan:
Giai doan 2013-2016 va giai doan 2016 - 2020.
2.2 Qudn If tdi nguyin du Ijch, ca sd vdt chSt phuc vu DLCD gdn vdi bdo ton VHTT cua ddn tgc Thdi trin dja bdn huyen Con Cudng
* Hoc vien N6ng nghiep Vi&t Nam
Tai nguyen du Ijeh ttf nhien vdi tdng dien tich etfa todn huydn da cd 128.000 ha rtfng n i m trong vudn qudc gia Ptf Mdt va khu bao tdn thien nhidn Ptf Hudng.
Day la thdm ddng thtfc vdt Idn nhat chdu A, vdi hem 1.200 loai thtfc vat qwj/ h i l m . vd 271 loai ddng vit. CiJng vdi danh ldm t h i n g cdnh nhtf: Danh t h i n g eo vtfe bdng, ta bd, thac Kdm. Cung tai nguyen n h i n van mang d i m net dae trung ctfa ngUdi dan tdc Thai: Nha San, Di tfch ijch stf cap Qudc gia Bia Ma Nhai, Thanh Tra Ldn, Di tich Ijch stf cdch mang nha cy \fi Van Khang), Le Hdi vd Vin hpe nghe thudt dan gian
Trtfdc khi chtfa cd DLCD thi ed tdi 85,71% ngudi dan chi chdi trd choi truyin thdng vao ngay I I t i t ; 68,57%
rat h i l m khi nau mdn an truyin thdng; 88,57% nhac cy dan tdc it dUpc quan tam, cd tdi 62,86 % rat hiem khi mac trang phyctruyin thdng, 100% ngudi dan tdc Thai lam DLCD khdng b i l t ehtf viet cua dan tdc Thdi. Khi cd du Ijch cdng ddng g i n vdi bao tdn VHTT ctfa dan tdc Thai thi da ed nhilu ddi thay: 100% thtfdng xuyin ehoi trd chdi truyen thdng, nau cae mdn an ddn tdc; 100%
eat gitf bdo qudn vd stf dung tdt eac nhac cu dan toe va 100% ngtfdi dan tde Thai lam DLCD biet ehtf viet Thai
2.3 Ve casdiUu tru vd cdc easd vdt chdt khdc phuc vu dulieh
Vdi 24 nha sdn phue vu djeh vy Itfu trtf. IVldi nha san ed the chtfa tdi da 40 - 50 ngudi tuy vao ttfng ngdi nha etfa hd Idm du Ijch. Nhd san eao rao thoang mdt cd ttf 3 gian d i n 5 gian. Khach du Ijch cd t h i lua chpn bat V.^
mdt ngdi nhd san nao de Itfu trtf vd gid cd thi khdng thay ddi vdi 50 - 70 nghin dong/khaeh/d^m.
2.4 Hogt ddng lien kit phdt trien du lich cgng dong gdn vdi bdo tSn vdn hda truyin thdng cua ddn tdc Thdi
Chtfa ed lien kit. Do Itfpng du khdch tham gia loai hinh du lieh edng ddng ia van chtfa Idn, die biet Id khieh qude te. Vl&e lam thtf tye cap giay thdng hanh vdo khu vtfe cam cdn phtfe tap va mat nhilu thdi gian.
Vi cae d i l m du lieh edng dong eung nhtf cac d i l m du khdch tdi tham quan thudng nam d khu vtfe sdt bien gidi, phdi cd giay thdng hanh mdi di vao dtfdc.
B
Khoa hoc - Phat trien ndng thon
2.5 Kit qud hogt dgng du Ijch cdng dong gdn vdi bdo ton vdn hoa truyen thong c6a ddn tgc Thdi trin dja bdn huyin Con Cudng, tinh Nghe An
Ddi ttfpng khdch ehtf y l u la:
khdch du Ijch cdc ntfdc ASEAN (trong do phan Idn Id eae khach den ttf ntfdc Ldo thdng qua etfa khau Nam Can vdi tuyen du lieh bang dudng bd), khach du lieh Tay Au, khach du Ijch Ddng A - Thai Binh Duong (Bdng 1).
Binh qudn khdch du lieh lUu trtf lai ehua den 2 ngdy. Sd ngay Itfu trtf binh quan nam 2011 la 1,66 d i n nam 2013 tang len la 1,78 ngay.
Thdi gian Itfu trtf ctfa khieh qude te thudng n g i n hdn so vdi khdch ndi dja, trong khi hp mdi la nhtfng ddi
ttfpng ed khd nang ehi tieu eho nhung djeh vu tai khu vuc Itfu trtf cao hdn.
Doanh thu ttf hoat ddng du Ijch cdng ddng g i n vdi bdo tdn VHTT ctfa d i n tdcThai trdn dja ban huydn Con Cudng: Tdng doanh thu ndm 2011 dat 2.543,1 trieu ddng: DV lUu tru chiem 12,699%; DV an udng chilm 75,81%; DV bdn hdng chilm 4,25%; DV khac chiem 7,25%. Den nam 2013 thi tdng doanh thu dat 3.252,7 trieu ddng: Trong dd DV lUu trtf chilm 11,67%; DV an udng 78,07%; DV ban hang 3,6%; DV khdc 6,65%
Thu nhSp cua du Ijch cdng dong mang lai: Chi ed 77,14% trong tong sd eac hd lam du lieh cdng ddng thu nhap ehinh ttf lam du Ijch. chilm 68,57% sd hp dieu tra tham gia vao hoat ddng du Ijch la ngudn thu ndy du trang trai cho eude sdng etfa hp vd cd p h i n tieh luy rieng.
2.6 Ddnh gid tdc ddng cOaphdt trien DLCD gdn vdi bdo ton VHTT cua ddn tgc Thdi tdi cdc mat trong ddi song cdng ddng ngUdi ddn
V l mat Kinh te: Cd 86% cho ring cdc hoat ddng du Ijch da dem lai cho hp co hdi cdi t h i l n nhilu thu nhap, ndng cao ehat ltfdng eude sdng, ed 14% eho rang DLCD chi ed tae ddng cdi thien ft tdi kinh te hay it dnh hudng tdi thu nhap etfa hp (Bdng 3).
Bdng3: T^lehongheodcacxaoiDLCO Bdng
Chi t i i u Khdch n d i dia Khach q u d c t e Tdng sd
: LUtfng khach du Ijch den Con Cuong giai doan 2011 - 2013
GVT
Liipt Lupt LUdt
2011
12.812 1.659 14.471
2012
15.549 1.381 16.930
2013
19.083 1.763 20.846
TJk do phdt t r i i n {%}
2012/2011 1 2013/2012 121,36 1122,73 83,24 j 127,66 116,99 [123,13
BQ 122,04 103,09 120,02 Bdng 2: lUulc do phdn anh cDa du Midch ve cac sdn pham DLCD gin v6i bdo ton VHTT cua
dan t5c Thai tr£n Ifia ban huyen Con Cuong
Chl tifiu
Thai d o d d n t i e p W\o\ t r u d n g d u lich H u d n g d a n t h a m quan D j c h v u l U u t r u Djch vLi an u d n g
Ddnh gia (%) Rat tdt
52,22 0 4,44 16,09 48,89
Tdt 43,34
60 82,23 62,07 51,11
Binh thi/dng 4,44
40 13,33 21,84 0
K4ni 0 0 0 0 0 (Nguon: Tong hop til so liiu dieu tra) hudng tdi van hda thi ed tdi 9,64% cho ring hoat ddng DLCD cd t i e ddng tidu ctfc
V l mdi trtfdng: Ngtfdi ddn da ed y thtfc trong vide bdo ve rtfng, bdo vd sdng sudi khdng cdn ddt ntfong lamday,"ldm tac" khai thae gd trai phep, san b i n , khai thdc thu rtfng eac sin vat t u nhidn mdt cdch trdi phep.
Tuy nhien, ed 60% y k i l n eho ring ed I n h hudng tieu cue la lupng rae thdi ra se nhilu hon.
V l an sinh xa hdi: Du Ijch tdc ddng gian tiep tdi nhtfng van 34 trong xa hdi. Kinh te phat trien, giup ndng eao chit lUpng cudc song, giam tj- I I hd ngheo, ndng cao trinh do dan trf, tao dieu kien eho cdng tdc binh dang gidi.
2.7. NhiJtng yiu to dnh hUdng din phdt triin DLCD gdn vdi bdo ton VHTT cua ddn tdc Thdi trin dia bdn huyen Con Cudng, tinh Nghe An
Co rat nhilu y l u td dnh hUdng tdi phdt trien du Ijch edng ddng g i n vdi bdo ton van hda truyen thdng etfa d i n tdc Tliai trdn dia ban huyen Con Cudng. Day ctfng ehfnh la nhtfng khd khan eho ngudi dan khi tham gia vao hoat ddng du Ijeh edng ddng (Bing 4).
Bdng 4: Xep Ioai cac yeu to dnh hifdng tdi phat trien DLCfi gin vdi bdo ton VHTT ciia dan toe Thai trSn dja ban huyfn Con Cuong
STT 1 2 3
Cac xii Xa Yen Khe Xa Luc Da X l IW6n Son
Toan huyen
2011(%) 45,18
76,1 62,3 44,03
2012(%) 34,71
54,6 55,6 37,83
2013[%) 33,13 51,08 51,62 36,53 V I van hda: Cd tdi 92,22% y kien eho ring hoat ddng DLCD ed I n h htfdng den van hda va ed dnh hudng tieh cue. Tuy nhien, trong cdc hd eho rang DLCD cd I n h
Cac yeu t d i n h \utdng 1. Oieu kien cd s6 vat chSt 2 Von
3. Trinh d p hoc van 4. T h d n g t i n 5. Cac t o chijfc, doan t h e 6. Nhan lUc 7. Khac
Tdng sd diem 296 286 209 204 197 98 97
Xep hang
1 II III IV V VI VII (Nguon: Tdng hap tiisoMu dieu fn
I
HOI KHOA HOC PHAT TRiiN N O N G THdN V1£T NAM
Bang 5: Phan tich ma trdn SWOT cho phat trien du Ijch cong dong gan vdi bdo tdn VHTT cua dan toe Thdi trSn dia ban huyen Con Cuong
Diem manh (Strengths) 1. Co lai nguyen du lich phong phi!i, dpc dao 2. Co be diy 1|ch su truyen thong yeu nude, each miing
3 Tinh di cfi chirong trinh quy hoiich phit tnen du l)Ch cpng d6ng
Cff h^i (Opportunities)
Dilm yeu (Weaknesses) 1 Sin pham dulieh chua phong phii da d^ng 2. Nhieu cong trinh di tich dang xuong cap 3. Ch4l lugng nguon nhin l^rc t h ^ 4. Co sA h? ling kJ thuat cfin thilu 5. Cong tic quy ho^ch quing bi c6n It^m Phit trien DLCD giin vdi bio tan
VHTT CUB dSn t§c Thii trin dia bin huyen Con Cufing 1 Xu hii6ng phat tnin DLCO, lupng k h ^ h ^ n g dlu qua cdc nSm
2. Dieu ki^n kinh te - xa hoi ngay ciing tot 3. Chu Injong uu tien phat tnen du hch cua cic cap tu Trung irong tdri dja phuong.
4 Su quan tam dau tu cho phat tnen du Ijch 5. Sv quan XSm cua cac t6 chirc chinh phii, v i phi chinh phu trong vi^c bio ton cic dl tich v3n hoa.
Thich thl^c (Threats)
1 Blending chinh tri-kinh le loin ciu, 2. Tinh t r ^ g mai mot nghe Iruyln thong 3. Phil triin du lich con chua ben vQng.
4. Nguy 00 xu6ng c^p cic lii nguyfin du hch 5. Ti6u cvc phit sinh khi phit tri^n du ijch.
(Ngudn: TSng hop tH tdc gid) 2.8. Ddnh gid khd ndng phdt trien du Ijch cdng
dong gdn vdi bdo ton VHTT cda ddn tgc Thdi trin dia ban huyin Con Cudng, tinh Nghi An
Viee p h i n tfch SWOT la eo sd de hoach djnh eae ehfnh saeh eho phdt trien du Ijch cpng ddng g i n vdi bao tdn Vi-TIT eua dan toe Thai (Bdng 5).
* K^t hpp Diem manh (Strengths) vdi Cd hpi (Opportunities): Phoi hpp 5,^3 / Oj^iTan dung co hpi va the manh, tap trung phdt trien nhOfng tour du lich thiic sp chat Idpng, thu hdt du khach tham quan; Phdi hpp S/O^j: tan dung sd giup dd ti^ phfa t6 chdc, nha niidc de phat huy tdi da tiem n i n g DLCD g i n vdi bdo ton VHTT cCia dan tdc Thai
* K^t hpp Diem manh (Strengths) vdi Thach thdc (Threats): Phdi hpp S^^/T^^: gidi quyet cdc thdch thdc trudc m i t b i n g each tan dung nhdng diem manh v^ tai nguyen du Ijch phong phu va eic nghe truyen thdng
* K^t hdp Diem yeu (Weal<nesses) vdi Co hpi (Opportunities): Phdi hpp W / 0 , ^. Da dang hda cic sdn p h l m d u Ijeh, tim hieu nhu c l u cua du l<haeh,tClddtlm ra hudng di dung eho sdn pham hang hda; Phoi hpp Wj^^yOj^j: Md them eac Idp tap huan, ndng cao trinh dp ddi ngu qudn ly cung nhd ngddi ddn, khuyen khfch ho tham gia vd cdc hoat dpng du Ijch.
* Ket hdp Diem yeu (Weaknesses) vdi Thdch thuc (Threats): Phoi hdp W, ^^/T^^: Gidi quyet khd khan b i n g cdch thay doi nhan thdc cua ngudi dan, lam cho ho thay dUdC cdc gia tri cua ngdi lang, va y thde dUde trach nhiem bdo ton, phat huy cdc gid tn truyen thong dd;
Phdi hpp W^j/T,^: Cin cd nhdng bien phdp l(hlc phuc nhdng diem yeu do bang edch ed cdc chfnh sdeh, ndng cao '^ thdc bdo ve mdi trddng, bdo ton di tich
3. Ket l u i n v^ kien nghi ve phat trien du Ijch cong dong g i n v c i bdo ton van hda truyen th6ng da dan toe Thai tren d|a ban huyen Con Cuong, tinh Ngh@ An
Hodn thien, qudn ly vd to ehde thuc hi§n cdng tae quy hoach; tang eUdng dau t u va huy ddng von; giai
phdp v4 to chufc qudn ly; dau tUxay dung ket eau ha tang, ed sd vdt chat ky thuat; dao tao nang cao nhdn thdc cOa ngudi dan; gidi phdp bdo v^ vd tdn tao nguon tai nguy§n du lich; g i l l phap xuc tien quing b l du Ijeh; bdo tdn van hda truydn thdng eCia d i n tdc Thai tr^n dja b i n huyen Con Cudng, tinh Nghe An
Trong n h i ^ g nam qua khi phat trien du Ijch cdng ddng g i n vdi b i o ton VHTT cCia dan tdc Thdi tren dia bdn huyen Con Cudng thuc sU ed nhieu khdi sle ddng mdng. Lupng khach du Ijch ngay cang tang v<M nam 2011 tdng lUdt khdch mdi chf 14.471 lupt thi den nam 2013 tdng lUdt khach tang len Id 14.471 lUdt khach; tong doanh thu t d hoat ddng DLCD nam 2011 la 2.543,1 trieu dong thi den nam 2013 tdng doanh thu t d DLCD la 3.252,7 trieu ddng. Cac yeu to I n h hudng tdi DLCD g i n vdi bdo tdn VHTT eua ddn tdc Thai la: Vdn, dieu kien ed sd vat chat, thdng tin, trinh dd hoc v i n , cdc t6 chdc dodn the, nhan lii'cvd mdt so yeu td khac. Trong dd cdc yeu toed sde dnh hUdng den va ddng d l u la Vdn, dieu kien eo sd vdt chat va thdng tin. Muc tieu phan dau den n i m 2020 dat: 200.000 lupt khdch d u l j c h , t r o n g d d 10000-15000 lupt khach Qudc te. Doanh thu dieh vu Du Ijch dat 2019 dong. Cdc hoat ddng du Ijch d day chii yeu mang tfnh t u phat nhieu nen chUa h i p d i n eae ngu6n dau tU, eo sd vdt chat ngheo nan chua dap dng nhUcau cCia khach du Ijch dae biet la du khdch nudc ngoai. Chat lupng ngudn lao ddng edn kem trinh do ehuyen mdn, nghiep vu du Ijch Nhdn thdc cCia ngudi dan ve tam quan trpng eCia viee phat trien du Ijeh eong ddng g i n vdi lado tdn VHTT cCia ddn tdc Thai cdn thap. Tuy day la yeu td quan trpng de phat trien du lieh epng dong nhUng chUa dupe dau tu trinh dp ehCi yeu la so cap.
Mdt s6 van de kien nghj
Doi vdi Nhd nUdc: Tang cUdng hon nda v i ^ dau tu phat trien ed sd ha. Nang eao vai trd trach nhiem cCia cac ed quan va qudn iy nhd nude, tang eUdng kiem tra giam sat, g i n ket phat trien du Ijch vdi dam b i o qudc phdng, an ninh, t r i t t u an toan xa hdi
Doi vdi chinh quyen iKa phucmg: Xay dung chuong trinh xuc tien quing bd du Ijch, td chdc thue hien ban dau thdng qua hoat ddng hudng dan, t u van ky thudt, chfnh saeh ho trp, cho vay vdn, ban hinh luat 1^ phd hpp; kiem sodt, ddnh gid; to chdc ddo tao nhan lUc
Dii vdi ngUdi ddn d cdc xd Mdn Son, Yin Khi, Luc Dg: Dao tao nhan lUe tai ch6,giG gin vai trd cCta ehinh q u y i n dia phUdng trong viee dieu phdi cdc hoat ddng phattrienduljch.
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