N A N TiCI MUC TIEU VA XU ItfONG TIIET KE CHlTfllNG TRiNH NGANH GIAO DUC THE CHAT
t CAC TRITANG U A I HUC T H E DUC THE THAO TRUNG QUOC HIEN NAY
TS. Dinh Khanh Thu Tdm tit:
Nghien ajru chircrng trinh die t90 cue 11 tnrdng D?i hpc TDTT Trung Quic tir nim 2005 y l9i diy tir d i phdn tich myc tiiu va xu hirdng thiit ki chirang binh nginh giio dye thi chit ' cic tnrdng dgi hpc TDTT Trung Quic hien nay.
OAT VAN
o i
Nam 1999. Trung uang dang Cdng sin Trung Qudc va Qudc hpi da td chirc hpi nghj cdng tic giio dye toin qudc lin thu 3 thcri ky cii cich md cua bit dau chuyen phuang hudng tir "giio dye tinh anh" sang "giio dye dpi chiing". Ciing v cri sy tien trien khdng ngimg cua tien trinh dai .., chimg hda giio dye dpi hc;K:, cic trudng dpi hc;)c
ciia Trung Quoc deu da tich cyc cii each chuyen bien tdng the md hinh dio tpo, khdng ngimg ning cao ning lyc cpnh tranh, ning lye thich img. ning lyc sing tpo va sy ning dpng uong Ifp nghifp cho sinh vien nhim dip img vdi sy thich thirc vi nhirng bien ddi khdng ngimg ciia mdi trucmg quoc ti-
Nghien cim chuomg trinh GDTC cua cic
trucmg dpi hc?c d Trung Qude se cd ich cho v ii-c ddi mdi ehucmg trinh dio tpo nginh GDTC o nucJc ta theo djnh hucmg "E)di mcri (1 lao dye Dpi hpe \ iet Nam giai dopn 2006-2020" vi "Chien lucTC phat tnen TDTT \ ii-i Nam den nam 2020"
PHUONG P H A P N G H I C N CUTU
Qui trinh nghien cim su dyng ciic phucmg phip nghien eim sau: Phucmg phip tdng hcjrp v a phan tich tai hiu vi phucmg phip tain hpc thdng ki-
K^T QUA NGHllN CUfU VA B A N LUAN 1. Myc tiiu dio tpo nginh Giio dpc thi chit d c i c trudng dfl hpc Trung Quic
Chimg toi da nghien eiru ehucmg trinh dio tao eua 11 iruimg dpi hc?c o Tmng Qudc. tu dd phin lopi theo myc tieu dio tpo. Cy the nhu sau:
Bing 1. Myc tiiu dio t^o sinh vl6n nginh giio dpc thi chit d cic Trvdng Dpi hpc TDTT Trung Quic
I I
1
• )
3 4 5 t>
7 8 9 10 I I
Ten trirdng
D H T D T T Bie Kinh Hpc V i f n T D T T Thucmg H i i Hi?c V l i n T D T T Q u i n g Chiu Hpc V li-n T D T T H i Bae Hc;>e vii-n T D T T Nam Kinh Hc?e V li-n T D T T San Ddng Hpc v i f n T D T T Vfl H.m Hpc v i f n T D T T 1 hNn 1X1,111;
I K K V li-n T D T T (. ap Nhi T.iii Hpc Vli-n Vmi lav .\n Hpc v i f n T D T I Ihu Dd
Thdi gian b i t d i u thpc thi
den nay
2007 2009 2007 2006
2iK)9 2009 2(X)8 2008 2005
Muc tieu d i o tao
M d hinh Tdng hpp
N
*
M 6 hinh l i n g dyng
v
V V
\
V
N'
^
Md hinh t i n g hpp irng dyng
V V
1
B A I B A O KHOA HQC
Kit qui cho thiy eac trudng dpi hpc cua Trung Qudc hifn nay dang cd -u phan hoa tap trung d 3 md hinh dd li: Md hinh Ting hcrp:
Ung dyng va Tdng hcTp Cng dyng. md hinh
dupe ap dyng nhieu nhat la md hinh dio tpo cu nhan L ng dyng.
Dudi day li myc tieu dao tpo cy dii ciia dpi difn 3 tnrdng dpi hc?c v cri 3 lopi md hinh kWc nhau.
Bang 2. Myc tiiu dio t?o sinh viin chuyin nginh giio dye thi chit cua dfl difn 3 tru-dng d^l hpc thi dye thi thao Trung Quic Ten tnrdng
Dyi hfc TDTT Bic Kinh (m6 hinh T6at hTp)
life vifn IDT!
Thiryrnx Hii (mA hinh ifmg dvng)
Muc tieu cy the
Dio tpo sinh viin nganh Giio dye thi chit md hinh Tdng hpp "mpt chuyer nginh nhiiu ning lyc" theo hucmg bien dpi hda, quoc ti- hda. tucmg lai hda; Ph.ii triin hii hda Dire. Tri. Thi. My: Cd so sd nginh sau rdng vcJi quan nifm giio dye hifn dpi; Cd to chit va nang lye nghien ciiru khoa hc?c. eo dpo diirc nghe nghifp. cd tinh thin sing tpo, nang lyc thyc tien vi tiem lpe phit trii-n: Cd kha ning giing dav Thi dye. huin luyen va td chue thi dau uong trudng hpc, dong thcri cd khi ning nghien cihi khoa bpc Upng ITnh vyc minh phy traeh cho den cdng tic quin ly TDTT v a cdng tic chi dpo hudng dan TDTT quan chiing Dio tpo sinh vii-n cao cap nginh Giio dye the chat eo ning lyc img dyng cao, phat tnen toin difn EXrc, Tri. Thi. My: Nim bit dupe ly lufn co bin, kii-n thirc CO bin, ky ning co bin cua nginh Giio dye the chit, nim bit dupe quy lupt co bin ciia cdng tac TDTT trudng hc?c; Cd ning lyc thyc tien mpnh yong giing day The dye, cd so trudng cluiv i-n mdn: Cd kha ning giing dpy the dye trudng hifc vii cdng tic td chirc huin luyfn thi diu trong gid ngopi khda, dong thdi eii kha ning nghien eim khoa hc?c TDTT trudng hpe, quin ly TDTT truimg hc?c vi cdng tac chi dpo TDTT quin chung
H9C\ljnTDTT QuingChiu (mA hinh Ting hfrp I og dyag)
Boi dudng smh vien md hinh Tdng hcjrp Ung dyng "mpt chuyen nginh nhieu ning lye" phat trien toin difn cic mft Due Tri The Mv. thieh img vdi ddi hoi thyc ticn ciia cdng cupc xiy dyng hifn dpi hda td qude xa hpi chu nghTa vi yfiii ciu ciia sy nghifp cai each phit trien giio dye; Cd quan diem giio dye the chai hifn dpi, dupe boi ducnig tdt vc khoa hpc xa hpi nhin vin vi dpo dirc nghe nghifp, dupe boi dudng vc td chat chuyen nginh vi sd trucmg chuyen mdn; C6 kien thue sau rpng, nim bit dupe quy luat giio dye the chit trong truimg hc?c, cd the tl.im nhifm cdng tic dpy hc?c vii giio dye the chit trucmg hpc cic hopt dpng the dye ngopi khda va cdng tic td ehuc huin luyfn thi diu ngoii gicr hc?c ddng thdi cdn cd the lim edng tic nghien ciru khoa hpc trong ITnh vyc minh phv trich eho din cdng tic quin ly TDTT vi cdng tic chi dpo hucriig dan TDTT quin chiing
Tir bing 2 cd thi- thav ring tuy khic nhau v i- md hinh dio tao nhung myc tii-u dio tpo cua cic iruimg lai thdng nhit deu Uang b; cho sinh v iin toin diin vi- eac mft Dire. Tri, Thi, \1v, kiin thire sau rpng. cd nang lyc thye tien lot. cd thi lam cae cdng tic giang dpy, huin luvfn. thi diu TDTT trong trucmg hcfc. ddng thdi cd ning lyc nghicn cuu khoa hc?c. ning lyc quan ly TDTT v.* ning lyc chi dpo phong uio TDTT quan chung. Chi cd dieu mdi trucmg diu nhan mpnh
hem dfe dicm ndi bpt theo md hinh dao tpo ciia trucmg minh.
2. Ket ciu chinmg trinh 2.1. Phdn logi chuong trinh
Do myc tieu dio tpo eiia cic truimg dpi hpc cd sy khic bift dan tdi ket cau cua toin bf chuong trinh vi phin phdi thoi lucmg cic mdn hc?c ciing cd nhiiu dii-m khic nhau. Dudi day li ket cau cy thi:
Bang 3. Kit ciu chutmg trinh dio t^o sinh vien nganh giio dpc t h i chit ciia dfl difn 3 tnrdng dpi hpc the dpc t h i thao Trung Quic
Jim lnriinig,'aifc ( M n d i o l f o
D H T D T T Bic Kinh ( T i n g ^ r p ) HV T D T T T h i r v B g i l i i
(Cng d*>g>
H V T D T T Quing C h i u
( T A n g h f p ling d f n g )
T * « g . 4
p h i s / t i l f ly tha>it:
T h f t h i n h 2756/155/
55%!
4y, 2928 go. 5 9.8%;40.2
%
ZAtlfi 172 60%:
40«.
H o f i d^Bglhyc
tiJB OiQcphan
/%)
12 7 . - 4 %
19 10.53%
37
21.50"/i
C h m n g trinh b i t bofc (so gid'so bgc p h i n % )
G i i o d f c d f l cinrng
612 38
Ly l u i n c t r b i n
IS"! ->•' C h u y i n
nginh
1280 59
"6 - 8 ° ' . 736.49 5 288 18 80 5
37,70%
40.l6''o
560 .15.5 .'44 21.5 688.^-'4
52 W .
Chirrng trinh t ^ cb^n h f u ch^
1 so gid/bgc p h i a ^ )
C U o d f C d f i catrng
1 6 0 1 0
Ly l u f n chuyen
nginh
Chuirag
trinh mcr Chuyen nginh
352 14 15 48''o
M 4 - 5 2 -'4 6 4 4 6S6/29 5:.46»i
Chinrag Irinh t v chfn khAng hf n
c h ^ l ^ i gid hgc phan '%)
288 IS 9 . 8 4 * . 49 3 1 %
.120 20 96 6 488/18
25 60»i
Til bing 3 ta cd the nhfn thay hifn nay ket lopi: Chuong trinh bit bupc; Chuong trinh ty cau chuomg trinh dio tpa sinh vii-n ehuyen ehpn vi cic hoat dpng thyc tien. Tuy nhien mdi nginh (il) r e d eic truimg dpi hc?c TDTT Tmng trucmg trong timg bp phfn Ipi cd nhiing diem Qudc tucmg ddi gidng nhau. dupe phan thinh 3 khic bift.
Bing 4. Phin I09I chu'omg trinh dio t^o sinh vidn nginh giio dpc thi chit cua dpi difn 3 tnring dpi hpc thi dpc thi thao Trung Quic
T i n I n r i m g / m y c t i i u d i o
tfO
D H T D T T B i c K i n h ( T i n g h f r p )
H V T D T I T h i r ^ g H i i ( I n g d y a g )
H \ T D T T Q u i n g C h i u ( T i n g h ^ n g
d v n g )
P h i n l o f i chuomg I r i n h b i i b u f c
- C i c mon d^i cucmg - C ac mon Ithoa hpc co bar - C i c mon chuyen n g i n h
- G i i o dye d^i cucmg - 1 > l u i n CO ban n g i n h - C i c mon chuyen nganh
- C&c mon d f i cucmg - Cae m 6 n klioa bgc c o ban - C i c mon c h u y i n nginti chu d f o
P h i n l o f i c h i n m g t r i n h t|f chpn
- C i c mon d^i cuomg - C i c mon chuy£n nganh
- J{f chpn h f n c h i ' Giao dye d^i cucmg. C i c mon khoa hpc co bar n g i n h , C i c mon Ichoa hpc c o bar ngoai nganh. C'ac inon n g i n h >
- T v chpn khong dieu ki^n
- C i c mon d^i cucmg
- T u chpn Iheo d|nh hucmg: 6 d m h huong ( G D T C va H L T T , T D T T x i h p i . T h e dye bao v?
siic Ichoe, T T dan ipc. T T g i i i tri, thi n ' h i i n c m i sinh va Ihi cdng c h i r c '
T v chpn n i n g cao mon chuyen s i u
P h i n l o f i h o f t d f n g th|rc l i i n
- L u i n v i n lot nghiep
- Thyc l4p g i i o dgc C kien l4p. thyc t i p )
- H 0 9 I dpng lihoa hpc ( N g h e b i o c i o khoa hpc, nghe b i o c i o lu^n
\ in. tham gia c i c ho^t dpng Ichoa hpc do n h i tnrcmg td chirc ) - L u | n v i n 161 nghiep - T h y c t i p
- Q u i n su - HcMt dpng x i hpi
- T h e dgc buoi s i n g v i C L U T D T T - Q u i n su
T h u c l l p
- L u | n v i n loi nghiep - D j n h hu6ng nghe nghiep - Ho?l dpng C L B - N C I C H s a t p a d a m - H o y l d^ng x i hpi - P h i l trien n i n g luc - G i i o dye n h | p hpc - C h i n h sich v i sg kien
BJU BAO KHOA H9C
Nghidn ctru chiromg trinh GDTC oia cic tnrdng d9i hi?c ir Trung Quic s i c6 Ich cho vifc dii miri chiromg trinh dio tpo nginh GDTC d nude ta theo djnh hudng "Dii miri Giio dye O^i hpc Vift Nam giai (Joan 2006-2020" v i -Chiin lirpc phit triin TDTT Vift Nam d i n n i m 2020"
Anh minh hpa: Giir hpc Bdng b i n cua sinh v i i n khoa G i i o dpc t h i c h i t t^i tnrdmg Dpi hpc TDTT B i c Ninh
Tu bing 4 thay ring:
Chucmg Irinh bit bupc: Bat ki- li myc tieu dio tpo nio chucmg trinh di-u dupe chia lim 3 phin li giio dye dai cuong: Cae mdn khoa hipc CO bin \ a ciic mdn chuyen nginh
Chucmg trinh ty chpn: Su phan lopi chucmg trinh ty ehpn cd 2 xu hucmg. lopi I li "ty chpn hpn chi-" va "ty ehpn khdng dicu kiin'. Lopi 2 chi cd mpt ten gpi li "chucmg trinh ty chpn", tuy nhiin su phan lopi cy the d limg truimg Ipi cd su khic bift
llo.ii dpng thyc tii-n Khau hopt dpng thyc ticn d cic trucmg DHTDTT Trung Qudc hifn nay rat dupe coi trpng, npi dung ciing rit phong pbil da dpng. 1 .ii ci cae trucmg deu thiet ke ehung CIC npi dung nhu lufn vin lot nghifp \a thyc i;ip giio dye, ngoii ra mdi trucmg Ipi cd cic npi dung khac nhau. Nhin bing 2 Thiy ring trudng Hue Kinh rat chu trpng vin d^ giio dye
> thirc chinh trj va quoc phdng cho sinh \ li-n Trudng Thupng Hai lai nhin mpnh thidt ki- cic
•MChineBelS
\!1^ jt^Zj^ mi maniEL
npi dung hopt dpng xa hpi thyc tien. Trucmg Quing Chau l;i truimg cd npi dung hopt dfng thyc te nhicu gap ddi 2 truimg cdn Ipi, thin lupng dinh cho eiie hopt dpng niy cQng nhicu gap ddi, chimg to nhi trudng dfe bi^t quan tam dfn giio dye sinh vii-n trong cic hopt dpng ngoii gid.
2.2. Phdn phdi thdi lu^ng chucmg trinh
Can cir vio su thdng ki- vi- thdi lui;mg chucmg trinh nginh GDTC ciia 11 inrimg DH TDTT Trung (,)udc nhimg nam gin day (2006-2011). nhpn thay tdng thdi lucmg dao diuig trong khoang 2.'^0()-2900 gid. Tir bing 1. cd the nhfn thiy sy phin phdi ihoi lucmg chucmg trinh ciia cic trudng khdng gidng nhau tiiy thupe vao myc tieu dio tpo. Co thf bieu thj dac tnmg bd tri thdi lucmg ehucmg irinh cua 3 trucmg dpi difn cho 3 lopi mye iii-u dao tpo theo bieu do sau
mnfflnm
90 80 70 •
eo
50 • 40 ' 30 . 20
10
oJ
^ Uai hoc m i l n i c Kinh (Tdnghcjrp)
• H\ TDTT Thuong Hii (LTng dung)
UV TDTT Quang ChSu (Ting h^Tp img dung)
Mdn bit b u ^ Mon t p chpn Hopt d^ng tti\ic tien
Bieu do 1. Phan phoi thai lirpng chiromg trinh nganh giio dye the chit cua 3 tnrdmg Dpi hpc the dpc the thao Trung Quoc theo 3 dpng mpc tiiu dio tpo
Tu bieu dd cd the thay dupe tucmg img \cji moi kieu myc tieu dio tpo cd mdt kieu phan phdi thori lupng chuomg trinh. sy khic bift giiia cic trucmg uong vifc phan phdi gid the hifn rit rd net. Tu sy phan bd nhu tren cd the nhpn thiy dfe diem phan phdi gid ciia 3 lopi md hinh dio tpo nhu sau:
Md hinh dao tao sinh vien tdng hpp im tien giinh thdi lupng cho cic mdn bit bupc, thdi lupng niy chiem khoing 2 3 tdng so gid, edn Ipi 1/3 Ipi chia deu cho 2 npi dung li eae mdn ty chpn v i hopt dpng thyc tien.
Md binh dao tpo sinh \ li-n I'ng dyng cd thcri lucmg cic mdn ty chpn bing ': tdng chuong trinh, 40" „ thiri lucmg cho cic mdn bit bupc, cdn khoing 10% cho cic hopt dpng thye tien.
Md hinh dio tpo sinh \ ii-n Tdng hcjrp Ung dyng eo then lupng cic mdn bit bupc chii-m ii If khoang ': tdng thdi luc;mg, * cho eac mdn bit bupc va ' 4 cho eac hopt dpng thyc tii-n
Ngoai ra, cd thi- thay ring trong ehucmg trinh tl If eie mdn ly thuyi-i va thyc hanh dao dpng trong khoing: Ly thuyet li 55°b - 60""
cdn thyc hanh chiem khoang 40"o - 4.^"i. Tu\
nhicn tir bing 2. cd 2 trucmg thdng nhat ti If 60''b - 4( 1 • 0 la Thupng Hii \ a Quing Chiu, cdn Bie Kinh la >>"'o - 45" n. (Ti If nay trude nam 2005 1a^.';°o-3.^"o)
K^'T LUAN
I. thucmg trinh cua cic iruimg dpi bcjc cua Tning QucSc hifn nay tap trung d 3 m i hinh la:
Md binh Ting hc?p; I ng dyng \a Ting hcTp L ng dyng, md hinh dupe ap dpng nhieu nhat li md hinh tljt.^ tpo cu nhan Ung dyng. Bat lufn ip dyng md binh nio, mye tieu dio tpo nginh (iDTC d Trung Quic hifn na\ deu gidng nhau
khdng chi trang bj cho sinh vien toin difn kien thue ciia nganh mi cdn phai co nang lyc eua nhieu nganh co lien quan.
2 Ket eau chuong trinh dio o cae trucmg dpi hc?c TDTT Trung Qudc Uen ca ban tuang ddi gidng nhau, boat dpng thyc ticn deu rat dupe coi trpng. Tuong img \ai mdi kieu md hinh dio tpo cd mpt kieu phin phdi thcri luc?ng chuomg trinh, su khic bift duc?c the hifn nil rd nci
TAI LI$U THAM KHAO
1. Chiu Ky (2005), Phat bi^u lai hpi nghj \ c edng tic giio dye ciia Bp (iiao dye.
2. Cao Anh Hoa (2008), Cdn cu nhdn thire ludn eua \d hpi nghien ciru md hinh ddo tgo Cie nhdn TDTT ngdnh GDTC d nude hi. Dpi hpc su phpm Hoa Trung Qudc.
3. \ u a n g .\n Hing, Quich Tuf Thu, L,im Loi, Khucmg Dieu Dieu (2008), Bdn lugn ve edi cdch md hinh duo tgo eir nhdn ngdnh Gido due The ehdl irong mpt xd hpi phdt irien hdi hda.
B i o hpc \ ifn TDTT Cip NhT Tan.
4 Luu Phuang. Do Trieu Huy (2009).
Sy,hien cuu lim kiem md hinh ddo tgo C ir nhdn TDTT d cdc trudng Dgi hpc. bio Truimg Dai hpc TDTT Bic Kinh.
5. Luu Hpc Khicm. Ly Vf Ddng (2008), .\ghien ciru md hinh ddo tgo eu nhdn TDTT trong cui tnrdng dgi hoc tdng hop. Nxb Dai hc?c Ti- Nam.
6. Ki- hopch dao tao nginh (iDTC eua II trucmg dai bc?c TDTT Tmng Qude.
