VAN DUNG NGUYEN

VAN DUNG NGUYEN TAC THONG NHAT GIUA LY TUONG VA HIEN THUC VAO NGHIEN CUU LY LUAN CHINH TRI

0 NUOC TA HIEN NAY

NGO DiNH XAY(*)

Bai viel phan tich su van dung nguycn tie vi su thd'ng nhat giua ly tuong va hien thue cua ehu nghia Mac - Lenin vao vice nghien cuu ly luan chinh tri d nude ta hien nay. Theo tac gia, su thd'ng nhai giua cai ly tudng vdi cat hien thue khdng chi la yeu ciu, ddi hoi cua ddi sdng hien thuc, ma cdn la diiu kien, sue sd'ng ndi tai mang tinh ddng luc cua boat dpng ly luan chinh tri a Vict Nam hien nay. Hoat ddng ly luan chinh tri hien nay can tip trung vao mdt sdndi dung uu lien sau: nghien cuu md binh phat then rieng cua Viet Nam; van dung sang lao chu nghia Mac - Lenin vao thuv lien Viet Nam trong diiu kien mdi; phat huy vai trd cua ly luan ddi vdi su van ddng, phat then cua thuc tien;

tong ket thuc tiin de tidp tuc phat trien ly luan.

I

S u thd'ng nha't g i d a ly tucing v a hien t h u c la m d t n g u y e n t i c , m d t y e u cau tdi cao cua c h u n g h i a M a c - L e n i n . Dd c d n g la ddi hdi ta't y e u , m a n g t i n h q u y l u a t cua b o a t ddng t h u c t i e n x a bdi, c u a s u v a n ddng lich s u v a s u p h a t t r i e n n h a n loai.

Ncu d i m bao s u t h d n g n h a t n a y thi b o a t ddng cua con ngudi se cd dugc h i c u q u a cao va cd ddng gdp n h a t d i n h cho cdng ddng; ddi vcii s u v a n d d n g xa hdi se cd t h e m CO sd va dcing luc de p h a t t r i e n . C h i n h n h d biet k e t h p p , v a n d u n g va t h u c thi n g u y d n t i c , yeiu c i u n a y m a t r o n g mpi giai d o a n each m a n g . D a n g t a da l a n h dao d a n tcic Viet N a m d a t dugc n h i d u t h i n g Ipl q u a n t r p n g .

C i c h m a n g x a hdi c h u n g h i a d Viet N a m l i mcit s u n g h i e p cao ca, vi dai cua giai cap cdng n h a n va n h a n d a n lao ddng Viet N a m dudi s u l a n h dao cua D a n g Ccing s i n Viet N a m . S u n g h i e p i y , x e t ve b i n c h a t va logic p h i t t r i e n ncii t a i , ddi hdi cd s u t h d n g nha't n g h i e m n g a t giua cai ly t u d n g va c i i hien t h u c . Song, t r o n g tien t r i n h c i c h m a n g xa hdi chii n g h i a d n u d e ta, r i t tiec la da cd thdi ky c h u n g t a k h d n g t h a y v i k h d n g b i e n t h u c h o i dugc s u thd'ng nha't g i u a c i i ly tucing va cai hien t h u c .

Thdi ky t u 1976 - 1986, dudi gdc dp t h u c tien va k h o a hpc, c h u n g t a t h i y da cd s u b i t cap, k h d n g t h d n g nha't, k h d n g cd s u k e t hcip hai hoa g i d a cai ly tucmg va cai hien t h u c t r o n g khi tidn h a n h each m a n g xa hdi chu n g h i a t r e n p h a m vi ca nude. Didu dd dugc bieu hien q u a mcit sd didm s a u :

- Thu nhai, c h u n g t a d a a p d u n g r a p k h u d n , t h i d u s a n g t a o md h i n h xay d u n g chii n g h i a xa hdi cua n u d e ngoai (chu ydu la md h i n h c u a Lien Xd cd, coi do la md h i n h ly t u d n g ) , m a k h d n g tinH de'n n h d n g didu kien va n h i i n g d a c t h u cu t h e ciia n u d e t a (cai hipn t h u c ) . Day la m o t t r o n g n h u n g n g u y e n n h a n can b a n d a n de'n s u k h i i n g h o a n g k i n h t e - xa hpi d n u d e ta giai doan 1 9 7 6 - 1986.

- Thu hai, c h u n g t a d a m a y mdc va t h u ddng t h u c hien d u d n g Idi p h a t tridn kinh td: u u t i e n p h a t t r i e n cdng n g h i e p n a n g , n g h i a la t h u c hien cdng n g h i e p hoa t h e o con d u d n g cd dien (cai ly t u d n g cd dien) m a k h d n g t h a y t r e n t h d gicii h o a n c a n h va didu kien d a k h a c ; t h e m vao dd, do t r a n h t h u dugc cudc each m a n g k h o a hpc - cdng n g h e hipn dai, n h i e u n u d e da t h u c bien t h i n h cdng md h i n h cdng nghicip h o i phi cd dien V'] Tien si, Ciam ddc Trung tam dao tao can bp Trung ucmg Hoi Chu thap d(') Vict Nam.

NGO DINH XAY

(cdng nghiep h o i rut ngin) v i trd t h i n h cac nude cdng nghiep mcii (cii hien thuc).

- Thu ba, chung ta da van h i n h v i duy tri q u i lau ca che quan ly mang tinh tap trung, quan lieu, bao cap, vdn chu yeu thich hcjp vdi giai doan d i u meii g i i n h chinh quycn va trong dieu kien cd chien tranh (cai ly tucriig cd), ma khdng thay r i n g nen kinh td xa hdi chu nghia p h i i dugc quan ly va didu hanh, ve ca ban, theo ca chd thi trudng (cai bien thuc)...

Su vi pham tinh thdng nha't gida cai ly tucing va cai hien thuc da can trd, lam triet tieu dpng luc, tinh tich cue trong xa hpi va d i n den tinh trang khung hoang kinh te - xa hdi cua da't nude cudi nhdng nam 70, dau nhiing nam 80 cua the ky trudc; ddng thdi d i n de'n su tri tre, ngheo nan trong nghien ciiu ly luan chinh tri d nude ta.

Vdi dudng ldi ddi mcii tren ca sd nhan thuc mcii vd ban chat va con dudng di tdi chu nghia xa hpi, chung ta da thiet lap lai su thd'ng nha't sdng dcing gida cai ly tucing va cii hien thuc. Nhdng tdng ket vd mat ly luan cdng nhu nhiing bai hpc kinh nghiem rut ra t u thuc tien hon 20 nam tien hanh ddi mcii cua Dang khdng nhiing cd gia tri va y nghia quan trpng ddi veil su phat trien ly luan ve chu nghia xa hdi d Viet Nam, ma cdn gdp p h i n tich cue vao viec nghien cuu v i p h i t trien ly luan vd chu nghia xa hdi tren the gidi. Hien thuc trong thuc tidn ddi mcii da't nude va hien thuc trong ddi mdi nhan thuc, tu duy da cho chung ta thay rd su hien huu mang tinh quy luat cua su thd'ng nhat giua cai ly tudng va cai hien thuc, tuc la thay dugc tinh kich thich, tinh dpng luc, su nang ddng va nhdng thanh q u i rd ret trong su phat trien da't nude, c h i n hung d i n tpc vua qua. Trong qua trinh ddi mdi da't nude, ddi mdi nhan thuc va ddi mdi t u duy, su thd'ng nha't gida cai ly tudng va cai hipn thuc da dugc tai lap lai v i logic ta't yeu la da dem lai sue manh, ket qua v i

ngudn luc t h a t su cua chu nghia xa hdi hien thuc d Viet Nam. Cd the ndi, su thd'ng nha't giua cai ly tucing va cai bien thuc d nude ta trong giai doan hien nay dugc the hien va due ket lai trong chin ly mdi mang tinh thiM dai: chu nghia xa hdi a Viet Nam la n h i m x i y dung mdt xa hdi hien thuc "dan giau, nude manh, xa hdi cdng bing, dan chu, van minh". Sinh thdi, Chu tich Hd Chi Minh da didn dat rat hay, rat dd hidu v i sue tich vd su thd'ng nha't giua cii ly tudng va c i i hien thuc cua viec xay dung chu nghia xa hpi d nude ta: "Chu nghia xa hpi la... mpi ngucri dugc an no, mac am, sung sucing, t u do"(l).

Td thuc tidn xay dung chu nghia xa hdi d Viet Nam, chung ta cd the rut ra ket luan ring, chung nao m i su thd'ng nha't gida cai ly tudng vcri cai hipn thuc dugc nhan thuc va tuan thu nghiem ngat thi chung dd su nghiep each mang ciia nhan dan ta se giinh dugc nhiing t h i n g \gi to Icin, chu nghia xa hdi cd dugc sue sdng v i ly luan cua chu nghia Mac - Lenin cd ca sd vdng chic de tdn tai va phat trien; ngucpc lai, khi su thdng nha't giua ly tudng vdi hien thuc hi vi pham, bi "lech pha" thi luc dd, su nghiep cich mang se gap khd khan, chu nghia xa hpi bien thue cd nguy ca hi khung hoang, ly luan chinh tri hi xa ciing, ngheo n i n , khdng phan i n h dugc v i khdng phu hpp vdi thuc tien va do dd, it cd g i i tri hipn thuc.

I I

Cd the khang dinh r i n g , tinh ta't ydu khach quan trong su van ddng v i p h i t tridn cua xa hcii Viet Nam duong dai da v i dang ddi hdi boat dcing ly l u i n chinh tri hien nay d nude ta can v i phai cd su thd'ng n h a t gida cii ly tudng vdi cii.hien thuc trong cac cich tiep can nghien cuu va trong cic kien giai cua nghien ciiu ly luan chinh tri. Thd'ng n h a t gida cii ly tudngva cii hien thucVhbng chi l i yeu ciu, menh

(1) Hd Chi Minh. Toan tap, t.8, Nxb Chinh tri Qudc gia. H a Npi, 1996, tr.396.

lenh cua ddi sd'ng hien thuc, ma cdn la dieu kien, tien de, la sue sdng ndi tai mang tinh dpng luc cua hoat dpng Iy luan chinh tri d Viet Nam hien nay. Cd le, dd la tinh quy luat ndi trdi chi phdi boat ddng nghien ciiu ly luan chinh tri, ddng thcM la ngudn cim hung sang tao chinh, chu dao hien nay va trong nhdng nam tcii cua nhiing ngucM lam cdng tac ly luan chinh tri nude nha.

Hon luc nao het, nhiing ngudi lam cdng tac nghien ciiu ly luan chinh tri Viet Nam gid day c i n phai nhan thuc sau sic va quan triet tinh t h i n cua su thd'ng nha't giua cai ly tudng v i cai hien thuc vcii tu each quy luat van ddng, phat trien cua each mang va xa hdi Viet Nam hien nay vao trong hoat ddng nghien ciiu cua minh.

Su van ddng cua thuc tidn ddi mcri trong thdi ky day manh cdng nghiep hoa, hien dai boa dat nude dang dat ra nhiing van dd can phai nghien ciiu v i lien tuc kien giai n h i m lam rd su thd'ng nhat giua cai ly tudng vcii cai hien thuc trong dcri sdng xa hdi cdng nhu trong nghien ciiu Iy luan chinh tri. Cd nhieu ndi dung va van dd can duoc dd cap v i chi ra de lam the nao dat dugc su thd'ng nhat gida cii ly tudng va cai hien thuc trong hoat dcing nghien cuu ly luan bien nay d nude ta. Trong pham vi bai viet nay v i theo each bleu cua chdng tdi, cd le trong hien thuc cua boat ddng nghien ciiu Iy l u i n chinh tri nude ta hien nay da va dang dat ra mot so van de cin uu tien de tiep can, Iy giai va minh chung:

Mdt li, can nghien ciiu v i dinh hinh md hinh p h i t tridn rieng ciia xa hdi Viet Nam hien nay.

Mot thuc tc vua cd sue thuyet phuc, vua l i tam guong va bai hpc quy gia cho gicW ly luan chinh tri Viet Nam la, xua't p h i t tu thuc tien xay dung chu nghia xa hdi ciia da't nude qua hon 60 nam va vdi be day dd so vc truydn thd'ng triet hpc cua minh, ddng thdi lai ludn cd each tiep can, tim tdi va nghien ciiu rieng, cic n h i

nghien ciiu Iy luan - tu tudng Trung Qud'c da de ra va thuc hien mdt nguyen t i c dinh hudng cho boat ddng nghien cuu tu tucing - ly luan hien nay cua minh: kien tri qua khu (chu nghia Mac), md rdng tucmg lai, tien cung thcii dai. Vcii nguyen t i c va phuong cham do, gidi ly luan chinh tri Trung Qud'c da nghien ciiu, de xua't va cung cap nhieu luan diem v i luan cu khoa hpc quan trpng giup D i n g Cpng s i n Trung Qud'c dd ra duiing Idi va trien khai xay dung chu nghia xa hdi "mang dac sac Trung Qudc". Nhu vay, cac hpc gia Trung Qud'c da cd dugc su thdng nha't gida ly tudng (chu nghia Mac) va hien thuc (thuc tien Trung Qud'c) trong su tim tdi, nghien ciiu ly luan chinh tri cua minh.

Cdn d Viet Nam chdng ta? Su thay ddi mang tinh budc ngoat trcn pham vi toan cau, su due rut nhdng bai hpc kinh nghiem diy gia tri trong phong trao xa hdi chu nghia hien thuc tren the gicii cung vcii thuc tidn cdng cucic xay dung chu nghia xa hdi trong nhdng nam ddi mdi d Viet Nam da dat ra nhiing v i n dd, nhdng npi dung khoa hpc mdi ddi hdi phai cd each tiep can mcW, cich nhin mcii vcii nhdng quan niem mcii trong cdng tac nghien cuu ly luan chinh tri d nude ta. Dd la viec phai xay dung va cung cd Ding Cdng s i n vcii tu each Dang cim quyen dua tren mipt ndn t i n g xa hdi trong dd cd he thd'ng chinh tri nha't nguyen va nen kinh te nhieu thanh phin; hon the, phii lam cho hp thdng chinh the nay cd mdi quan he ddng thuan, tucmg hd l i n nhau de dam bao van ddng tdt, hudng tcM dn dinh va p h i t trien. Xay dung, didu hanh va phat trien nen kinh td thi trudng dinh hucing xa hcii chu nghia, mot md hinh phat trien chua tiing dupe dd cap trong kinh dien macxit v i chua dugc van hanh trong bien thuc, n h i m muc dich xay dung mdt nude Vict Nam "dan giiu, nude manh, xa hdi cdng bang, dan chu, van minh" cdng la mdt van dd Icin dupe

NGO DINH XAY

dat ra ma viec tim ldi giai la khdng don gian, song lai mang tinh chat sd'ng cdn trong thdi ky qua dp len chii nghia xa hdi d nude ta. Tuong tu n h u vay, c i n phai kidn tao va thuc thi mdt N h i nude phap quyen xa hdi chii nghia cua dan, do dan, vi dan vua mang b i n chat cua giai cap cdng nhan vua la nha nude bio vc quydn Icri cho ci dan tdc; vua l i mdt the che quydn luc manh khdng can thiep q u i sau vao nen kinh te vua dii sue dinh hucing va chi phdi ndn kinh te, nghia la chung ta phii xay dung mot Nha nude vd san kidu mdi, rieng cd d Viet Nam. Mat khac, chung ta phai thuc hien mdt qua trinh cdng nghiep hoa g i n vcii hien dai boa de tung budc phat trien kinh te tri thuc, tuc la thuc hien md hinh cdng nghiep hoi phi cd dien rut ngan mang dac trung thcri dai va phd hcyp vdi cudc each mang khoa hpc - cdng nghe hien dai... Dd chinh la nhiing van de, nhung ndi dung vua mang tinh thuc tien, vua mang tinh khoa hpc - ly luan chua tung cd tien le trong lich su nhan loai va cdng chua tiing cd d Viet Nam. Dd cdng chinh la nhung yeu ciu mdi, cap bich ma thuc tien xa hpi ciia Viet Nam dang dat ra va ddi hdi cdng tac ly luan chinh tri d nude ta hien nay cin phii ly giai, lam s i n g td neu mud'n p h i t tridn dung hudng va theo kip thai dai.

Nhu vay, hien thuc xay dimg chu nghia xa hdi d Viet Nam bien dang ddi hdi Dang, Nha nude ta ndi chung, gidi ly luan ndi rieng phai giii quyet hai boa, hcyp ly va duy ly hai thanh to, hai ncii dung tat yeu ciia cung mcit qua trinh thd'ng nha't, bien chung cua md hinh van ddng, p h i t trien mdi cua xa hdi Viet Nam hien dai, dd la:

thu nhit, phii kien dinh v i tidp tuc phan da'u khdng ngung cho nhung ly tudng cao dpp cua chii nghia xa hcii m i Dang Cong s i n Viet Nam, Chu tich Hd Chi Minh va nhan dan ta da lua chpn; thu hai, phii lien tuc cap nhat, tiep can va ly giai mdt each

tich cue, chu ddng mang tinh ly luan va khoa hpc cao cho hang loat van dd hien thuc hue xuc, mcii me dugc dat ra trong cudc sd'ng. Lam dugc n h u vay, theo chung tdi, gicii ly luan chinh tri nude ta se cd dugc su thdng nhat giua ly tucing va hien thuc trong nghien ciiu, dd xuat cua minh.

Hai la, kien dinh v i dac biet la phai van dung, phat trien sang tao ly luan cua chu nghia Mac - Lenin cho s i t hcip vcii thuc tidn va nhan thuc mcii vd chu nghia xa hpi hien thuc d Vict Nam cdng nhu tren the gidl trong hoan canh va dieu kien mcii.

The gicii duong dai nhiing nam cudi the ky XX, dau thd ky XXI dang cd su bien ddi nhanh chdng. Su tac ddng, chd ude va dan xen l i n nhau ciia ba nhan to ndi trdi cua thcM dai: each mang khoa hpc - cdng nghe hipn dai, kinh te tri thuc v i toan ciu boa da dan de'n su thay ddi sau s i c va da dien trong ddi sd'ng con ngudi; tham chi, d i n tdi he q u i la cd su dao Ion mang tinh nghich Iy trong xa hpi. N h u C.Mac da tiing nhan dinh, dudng n h u luc lucmg sin x u i t cang phat trien, nang s u i t lao ddng ca nhan v i xa hdi cang tang len, cua cii xa hdi dugc s i n xuat ra ngay c i n g nhidu thi mdt bd phan kha ddng dan sd lai ngay cang ngheo di. Su tang tien, su nd rd va phat trien cua van minh nhan loai dugc nhan len gap bdi trong the gidi duong dai lai d i n de'n tinh trang cd su "xung dcit" ve van boa; su tien bd, dan chu cing md rdng, cang phat tridn, cang di vao chidu sau thi tinh trang b i t binh d i n g cung trd nen sau sic; nhung tri thiic khoa hpc - cdng nghe ma con ngudi tiep thu dugc mdi nam tang len gap ddi lai khdng the ngan c i n su gia tang ciia nidm tin tdn giao...

Trudc nghich ly ay, day dd trong gidi nghien cuu ly luan - t u tucing micxit tren the gidl da cd ngucri dat lai, hoai nghi, tham chi phu nhan nhdng nguyen ly, nhdng ndi dung cua chu nghia ceing s i n khoa hpc ndi rieng v i chu nghia Mac ndi

chung. Song, cd rat nhidu nha nghien ciiu ly luan macxit chan chinh da khdng rol vao each nghi va each lam cue doan dd.

Ddi vdi cac nha ly luan chinh tri Viet Nam, chu nghia Mac - Lenin van ludn la mot hpc thuyet khoa hpc, cd gia tri phuong phap luan cho bat ky su nghien ciiu Iy luan chinh tri nao. Di san Iy luan ma cac nha kinh dien de lai cd gia tri v i y nghia cue ky quan trpng. Song, Iy luan ciia chu nghia Mac - Lenin l i mot hpc thuyet md, nen cdng cin phai xem nd nhu mcit he gii tri md, mdt he tieu chimdva gicii nghien ciiu ly luan chinh tri nude ta phii cd trach nhiem nghien ciiu, van dung mot each sang tao nham bd sung va phat trien. Chi nhu vay, chung ta mcii cd thd lam cho chu nghia Mac - Lenin ludn mang sue sd'ng mcii va ddng vai trd dinh hucing, d i n ducing cho xa hdi Viet Nam van ddng, phat trien tuong thich vai dieu kien mcii trong the ky XXI. Lam dupe nhu vay, nghien ciiu ly luan chinh tri d Viet Nam se cd dupe su thdng nha't giua ly tudng va hien thuc.

Ba la, su thdng nha't gida cai ly tucing va cat hien thuc dugc bieu hipn thiet thuc nhat, sdng ddng nha't va cu the nhat trong boat dpng Iy luan chinh tri hien nay chinh la ly luan phii tham gia va gdp phan tich cue, cd bieu qua v i o vice thuc day su phat trien va su phdn thinh cua ddi sd'ng xa hpi Viet Nam.

Nhu trdn da ndi, chan Iy mcii bidu hien tap trung su thdng nha't giua cai ly tudng va cai bien thuc d nude ta hien nay, ddng thdi la dcing luc thuc day xa hdi Viet Nam tien len la "dan giau, nude manh, xa hdi cdng bing, dan chu, van minh". Do do, cdng tac hoat ddng nghien ciiu Iy luan chinh tri a nude ta luc nay la cin va phii cd ddng, neu guong, khuyen khich v i chi din cho mpi cdng dan bidt l i m giiu chinh ding. Phai lam cho ca xa hdi cam nhan sau sic va phat huy hot kha nang ciia minh dd lam nhung gi ma phap luat

khdng cam, nghia la cd the tien hanh nhdng cdng viec va boat ddng trong nhieu linh vuc, vcii nhieu phuong thuc khac nhau, mien la nhiing cdng viec, boat dcpng va phuong thiic dd mang lai hieu q u i kinh te - xa hdi cao, dung phap luat va dung dinh hucing xa hdi chu nghia. Them vao dd, nghien ciiu ly luan chinh tri phai tim ra va xay dung dugc co sd Iy luan cho viec kien tao va thuc thi mdt mdi trudng thuan Ipl cho boat dcing s i n xua't, kinh doanh;

trong dd, mpi ca nhan, mpi chii the, mpi thanh p h i n kinh td ddu dugc binh ding nhu nhau. Di lien veil do la phai dinh hucing ve mat ly luan de mpi thanh vien xa hpi, mpi chu the, mpi thanh phan kinh te phii tdn trpng v i tuan thu triet de nguyen t i c boat dcing trong xa hcii: quyen v i nghia vu cdng dan phai g i n lien vcii nhau. Phai thay dugc su thdng nhat va tuong hd lan nhau giua chdng, nghia la trong boat ddng hien thuc phai xem quyen la trach nhiem ciia xa hpi dd'i vcii ca nhan va nghia vu l i trach nhiem cua ca nhan ddi vcri xa hdi.

Day l i hai mat cua mdt he thdng n h i t quan, hai yeu td b i t budc cua boat dpng cdng dan trong mot xa hdi phap quyen.

Su thdng nha't gida ly tucing va hien thuc cdn dupe bleu hipn it nhidu qua ldi ndi va viec lam. Hon luc nao bdt, gid day IcM ndi va viec lam cin phai thdng nha't vdi nhau.

Ly luan g i n vcH thuc tidn, ndi di ddi vcii lam, dd la hai mat cin thiet cua mot chu the CO nhan each. Tim ra ca sd ly luan va tham gia thiet ke ca che kha thi de IcM ndi v i vice lam di ddi veil nhau la trach nhiem trudc bet thudc ve gicii ly luan chinh tri, ddng thdi cdng la mcit thanh td de lim nen su thd'ng nha't giua cii ly tudng va cai hien thuc trong hoat ddng ly luan hien nay.

Khi thdng qua va nhd ly l u i n tao ra mot CO che hoat dcing xa bdi nhu vay thi cdng cd nghia la toan xa hcii can phai lam viec khdng chi b i n g nhung khau hieu chinh tri mang tinh ly tucing, ma chu yeu

NGO DINH XAY

cdn b i n g kdt q u i v i hieu qua thuc te. Mdt ddi sd'ng vat chi't n g i y cang cao vdi mdt ddi sd'ng tinh t h i n n g i y c i n g phong phu, da dang, trong s i n g va mang d i m tinh dan tdc, tinh nhan van, nhan dao cdng nhu biet ke thua nhdng tinh hoa cua nhan loai n h i m dat de'n mot hien thuc xa hpi

"dan giau, nude manh, xa hdi cdng bang, dan chu van minh", - dd chinh la sii thd'ng nha't chan chinh nhat, h o i n chinh nhat gida cii ly tucing va cii hien thuc d Viet Nam hien nay. Nhung ngudi l i m cdng tac nghien ciiu ly luan chinh tri c i n tham gia tich cue, gdp phan thiet thuc vio su nghiep phat trien da't nude theo dinh hucing xa hdi chu nghia; qua dd, tao nen su thd'ng nha't hien thuc chan chinh gida cai Iy tucing veil cai hien thuc.

Thu tu, tdng ket thuc tidn dd phat trien Iy luan, - dd la su thdng nhat ndi tai cua chinh qua trinh phat trien ly luan chinh tri a nude ta hien nay.

Su thd'ng nha't giua Iy tucing va hien thuc trong phat tridn ly luan la ly luan phii khai q u i t , bao chiia dugc thuc tien, nghia la Iy l u i n p h i i mang tinh thue tien sau sic; ngugc lai, thue tidn sdng ddng phai dugc due ket, chpn Ipc, ket tinh, nghia la thuc tien phai dugc ning len vi cd gii th d tim nhan thuc, tu tudng de t u do trd lai sol rpi, dinh hucing tiep theo cho boat dpng thuc tidn. Nghien ciiu ly luan la de di tcii giii quyet nhung van dd do thuc tidn ddi sd'ng dat ra. Nhu cau thuc tien ddi hdi p h i i cd su ly giii v i dugc khai quat thanh ly luan de qua dd, thuc tidn cd the cd dugc su dinh hucing, su dan d i t n h i m tidp tuc p h i t trien. Do dd, su hieu biet thiic td, nhay cim veil nhiing van dd do thuc td dat ra, biet khai q u i t va "chit Ipc"

thuc td chinh l i ca sd, l i dieu kien tien quyet de phat trien ly luan. Vd ban chat, thuc tidn l i mdt q u i trinh van ddng v i p h i t trien khdng ngung, nen ly l u i n mud'n tdn tai v i phat huy vai trd dinh

hucing, dan dudng cung p h i i van ddng va p h i t trien theo. Tdm lai, su thdng nha't gida ly tudng vdi hien thuc d day l i cai ly l u i n va cai thuc tidn ludn boa quyen, gin chat v i song h i n h veil nhau, l i dieu kien va tidn de cho nhau.

Thuc tidn xay dung chu nghia xa hdi d nude ta l i mdt su nghiep ra't mdi me, da dien va phuc tap; do do, viec n h i n thuc dung ban chat, con dudng va budc di cua qua trinh n i y ddi hdi mot su khai quat ly luan lam ca sd giup Dang v i Nha nude vach ra dugc ducimg ldi, chu truong de quan ly, didu tiet va thuc hanh qua trinh dd. Hon nua, chung ta dang day manh cdng nghiep boa, hien dai hoa da't nude va qua trinh n i y se l i m xuat hien trong xa hdi nhidu van dd mdi, nhidu ndi dung mdi.

Vi vay, can thiet phai cd su nhay cim, hieu biet, n i m b i t dung v i khai quat sau s i c thuc tidn mdi ed the dua lai nhdng giai phap huu hieu, kha thi n h i m p h i t huy mat tich cue, ban chd m a t tieu cue ciia qua trinh dd, ddng thcM lam ca sd thuc day ly luan phat trien. Dd l i ndi dung ca ban, xuyen sudt va dac biet quan trpng ddi vol boat ddng nghien ciiu ly luan chinh tri hien nay d nude ta. Thuc tidn hon 20 nam ddi mcii da't nude vua qua da cho chung ta nhiing bai hpc hay, nhiing kinh nghiem quy, nhiing cich tao ra dien mao mcii cho chu nghia xa hdi r a t linh boat, sang tao va c i n phai dugc due rut, k h i i quat t h i n h / / luan va thei ly phat then cua dat nude trong bdi c i n h mcii. Chi bang each dci, chung ta mcii tao ra ca sd ly luan khoa hpc cho viec dinh hucing su phat trien cua dat nude trong tuong lai.

Tdm lai, khai quat thuc tidn dd phat trien ly luan va den lucrt nd, nghien ciiu, p h i t trien ly luan de soi ducing, dinh hucing cho thuc tien la mdt t a t yeu, mot ddi hdi npi sinh ciia su thd'ng nha't giua cai ly tudng va cii hien thuc trong boat dpng ly l u i n chinh tri d nude ta hien nay.Q