V^SMiS
su T6A SANG
•
VAN HOA H 5 CHf MINH
BOAN TRQNG HUY
B
inh sinh, iSnh t^ s6ng rdt gian dj.Nh^ bSo My Devis Hambostam vilt:
"Siirc m^inh vTdai cua cy H6 la a cho Cy van song nhu mpi ngudi Vi?t Nam binh thufifng... mpt con ngudi ciia que hucmg voi due tinh gian dj..." (1).
Gian dj la phong cdch song rat vSn hoa cua Ho Chi Minh. Thai ky ho^t dpng each m^ng bi mat a Vi?t BSc, phai a Ian, Nguoi song rat gian kho, nhimg ciJng rat d^ng hoang. Ve 6 Phu Chu tjch, tir ch6i c^c dinh th\T sang trpng, Nguai chi a mpt nep nha san vdi nhiJng ti?n nghi rat khiem ton: 3n a, lam vi^c
su6t ca dai, nga b?nh va ra di cung a do. Nguoi thich l^m vi?c d ngoai ircri va tim den nhung thii vui gian dj, thanh tao ben vucm hoa, ao ca.
C6 nhihig ky vgt binh thuong nhung l^i bao h ^ nhi^u y nghia sau xa. Trong phong c6 qugt
Ho Chf Minh c6 tarn tri thirc vSn h6a rgng Idn, cd cot c^ch vk ban ITnh v3n h6a m^nh me. Ngirdi da c6 nhilu ddng gdp quy gi^ v^ sdng tao cho nen vSn h6a dan tgc \k nhan loai. Cu^c d61 vk sy nghifp cOa Ngirfd 1^ s^ toa sang vfln h6a Ho Chi Minh. B6 1^ sy bOc I9 hit sire chan that, sinh d^ng pham c^ch v3n hda cao d^p, qua m9i hoat d^ng chfnh trj v^ Abi song, qua m9i quan h^
giao tiep, d6i d3i, ixng ph6. C6 thi noi.
Ho Chi Minh lit ngiroi irng xu vkn hoa ky tk\ vk c6 vin h6a irng xir tuy|t voi.
may, nhung Nguai thuong dung chiec quat bang la cp. Chiec quat khong chi la mpt thong bio tiet ki?m di?n, n6 c6n nhu mpt thong di?p triet ly: ta CO thS t\r tao ra gio dl xua di cai nong bit ky liic nao, ncri nao khi can va muon. Nhung dong chi
phuc vu CO Ian de nghj xin thay chiec ao cu da bi Nguoi tir choi. Ly do la ao van con mSc dupe, chi can Ipn lai c6 ao. Ve di lai, du treo deo, Ipi suoi hay di chuyen bilng xe thu^n ti?n, Nguoi van diing doi dep eao su. Doi dep cao su da tra thanh mpt vat dung quen thupc, chinh vi vay Ho Chi Minh dupe m?nh danh la Nguoi di dep cao su.
Nha vSn Algeria Kateb Yacine da sang lac mpt kjch iho do sp Ngucri di dep cao su (1970) de ca ngpi, Dep eao su da tro thanh mpt bieu tupng ve phong each cua van hoa Ho Chi Minh trong tha ca, am nh?e.
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Chuy?n kk, mpt Ian vao nSm 1960, Nguoi din tham mpt dan vi hai quan. Mpi nguai vay quanh, de nghi Nguai thay doi dep thi duac giai dap: "Mua ddi khac, chang dang la bao nhimg khi chua cSn thi^t cung chua nen. Ta phai tiet ki?m vi dSt nuac ta con ngheo" (2).
Hi?n nay, doi dep dupe de a Bao tang Ho Chi Minh nhu mpt b^u vat qu6c gia. Gian di, tilt ki^m khong chi la van hoa song, ma con the hipn mpt quan niem triet ly sau xa ve nhan sinh.
Yeu thien nhiln, hoa hpp vai thien nhien cung la mpt quan ni?m triet ly cua Nguai.
Nguai khai xuang tet trong cay, Nguoi nghT den ngay di xa van de lai mau xanh cho doi nhu d^u an bit diet ciiia su sdng. Mpt nguai nuac ngoai doc Di chuc l^i thay them dupe tu each nguai bao v? m6i trudng ciia H6 Chi Minh.
Trong tho Ho Chi Minh, thien nhien khong chi nhu canh v^t t\f nhien ma con du^c coi nhu be b^n, g6p phSn di du5ng tam h6n con nguai va eung dem l^i bao Igi ich cho dai song. Van hoa vol tu nhiSn la mpt each ling xii khoa hpc, c6 y nghia nhan van la vi th6.
Trong d^o due Ho Chi Minh noi bat van de tu than, s\f t\r ling xijr mpt each nghiem tiie voi ban than. Nguoi tung noi: "Chung ta d6u nha cau "chinh tam tu thSn" de "trj quoe binh thien ha". Va khuyen eao: "Nhung nguai Viet Nam ehung ta hSy ty hoan thifn minh vh mat tinh than bang each dpc cae tac pham ciia Khong Tu, va ve mat each mang thi hay dpc cac tac pham cua Lenin"(3).
Ho Chi Minh da k^t hap dupe truyin thong tu than cua cac b^c hien nhan quan tu xua kia voi yeu cau ciia nguoi each mang, nguoi cam quySn hi?n dai. Do do, Nguai la tae gia som nhat cua van hoa phe binh va tu phe binh ma tru6c het la van hoa t\r phe binh cua nguoi lanh d^o. Ngay tir nhung nam dau eua each mang cho den suot doi, Nguoi luon neu tam guong sang ve soi xet ban than: "Chung ta khong khong so khuyet diem nhung chi sg khong biet kien quyet sua chGa no di. Tir nay, toi mong dong bao ra sire giup to! sua chiJa nhung khuyet diem do..." (4).
Budc vao cong cupc xay dyng dat nude, Nguai xac djnh r6: "Kien thiet can phai c6
nhan tai" va d i nghi cac dia phucmg trong ca nuoc phai tiSn cu ngucri tai diic. Nhan dip ndy, Nguoi nhan loi truac dong bao: "E vi Chinh phu nghe khong din, thSy khong khap den n6i nhflng bac tai dtic khong thi xudt than. Khuyit diem do toi xin thiia nhan" (5).
Sau Cach m^ng thang Tam nam 1945, gianh chinh quyen mai dupe vai thang, Nguai c6 thir gui dong bao ca nuac: "Vi yeu men va tin cay toi ma dong bao d§ giao van minh nuac nha cho t6i ganh vac. Phgn sir toi nhu mpt nguoi cam lai la phai eheo ch6ng th8 nao de dua chiic thuyen to quoe vuot khoi nhiing can song gio ma an toan di din ba hanh phuc nhan dan. Chi vi toi tai hen sure mpn cho nen chua lam dupe day du nhfing su mong muon eiia d6ng bao"(6).
Nam 1950, nhiiu dia phuong a Lien khu IV diing bien phap tho bao, cuong buc nhan dan de huy dpng sue nguai, sue ciia. Dupe tin, Nguai giii thu cho dong bao d6 tu phe binh:
"Nghe cac ong thanh tra bao cao lai nhGng vi?c do, toi rit dau long. Dii Chinh phii da ra l?nh trimg tri nhimg can bp do, toi phai th^t tha xin loi dong bao vi nhiing can bp sai lam ma bi oan lie. Toi that tha ty phe binh khuyet diem ciia toi la giao due va lya chpn can bp chua duge chu dao" (7). Thai cai each rupng dat, c6 sai lam nghiem trong, mac dii dong chi Truang Chinh la nguai true tiip chi dao nhung Ho Chi Minh thay mat Chinh phu dung ra nhan I6i. Do la sy bieu hien dung khi cua mpt nguoi eo trach nhiem eao nhdt truae nhan dan.
Khi dimg ra dam nhan chiirc traeh Chii tjch nuac. Ho Chi Minh ngoai sir the hien tai n3ng lanh dao tai gioi, con bpc Ip mpt phong each het sue dac sac ve van hoa chinh tri. Truoc het, Nguoi la mpt tdm guong tilu biiu vi v5n h6a cam quyen.
Bat dau tir vi?c nhan nhiem vy, thi hi?n tinh than chi eong v6 tu, Nguofi phat biiu: "Phai to cho mpi nguai biet rang cong vi^c la cong vi§c Chung, thieu nguoi ra ganh vac thi minh ra, neu CO nguai thay minh se nghi d i lam vice khdc, san sang nhuong lai cho ai mu6n lam va lam dupe" (8). Nhan tra lai cic nha bao nuac ngoai, Nguoi noi r6; "Toi tuy?t nhien khong ham
I
S6 359 ThSng 5-2014muon cong danh phii qu-y chiit nio. Bay gi6 phai ganh vac chuc Chu tjch l i vi d6ng bao uy thdc thi toi phai gang sue lam, cung nhu m^t ngudi linh vang menh l^nh eua quoe dan ra trudc m$t tran. Bao gid d6ng bao cho toi lui, thi toi rat vui 16ng lui" (9). Nhu viiy, Ngudi \k nha cam quyen dau tien thi hi^n cong khai mot ihii van hoa d?p, hpp long ngudi: van hoa nh^n nhi?m vy, van hoa tit nhiem, tu chiic.
Ngay nay, d cac nude tu ban thudng c6 li tuycn th? nh§m chirc. Trong khi Sy, da tur lau, Ho Chi Minh la ngudi d the chi dan chCi cpng hda neu guong ky. Trong le mimg Lien hi?p quoe gia, Ngudi da phat bieu nhung Idi lg thiing lieng: "Noi hy sinh phan dSu thi de, nhung lam thi lai kho. Trudc Ph§t dai ton nghiem, trudc qu6c dan ding bao cd m^t tai day, toi xin thi hy sinh, dem than phSn dlu di giii vihig nen d^c lap cho to qudc. Hy sinh, niu can hy sinh ca tinh m^ng, toi ciing khong tCr"(iO). Ngay sdp sang Phap, nam 1946, Ngudi hita vdi dong bao rang: "Toi ciing anh em d?i bieu sg gang Um cho khdi phy Idng tin cay cua qudc dan" (II).
MOt ddi t^i vj, khong bao gid Hd Chi Minh that hiia. Ndi la lam va lam tdt nhlt. Cung mpt ddi, Ngudi thyc hi?n trpn v?n, tuy|t vdi loi thi vi dan, vi nude.
Mpt tu tudng Idn trong h^ tu tudng H6 Chi Minh la do^n kit. Cot loi ciia doan kit la chii nghia nhan van cdch mang, tir do cd ling xir van hda trong giao lim, quan h$ vdi ddng chi, dong bio, anh em be b^n trong nude va qudc te.
Phong each van hda thi hi$n r5 d thai dp ung xii chan thinh, tran trpng, hpp long ngudi dya tren ca sd dudng Idi, chinh sdeh.
Thdi k^' ho^it dpng bi m^t d Vi?t Bac, ong K6 ndi tiing \km dan v^n gidi, nh^n dupe cam tinh sau sJe eiia ea ngudi gia, tre em. Ngudi blit ndi nhiiu thir tiing dan tpc, nam dupe chia khda di khai md tSm hdn, biit dupe each nghT, cdch cam, each ndi vdi ngudi dan tpc de giao tiep, ling xu phii hpp.
Gan bd m§t thiit vdi dan la phuong phap, cung la phong c^ch ISnh d^o tit nhat de quan sdt tinh hinh ddi song, lang nghe uyc tiip tam tu, nguy?n vpng ciia ngudi dan. Nhieu Ian
Ngudi den cac dia phuong, co sd san xult, don vj bp dpi ^B kiem tra tinh thyc tien ciia dudng Idi, chu truang, ehinh sach. Do la phong each kiem tra rat van hda, thiet thyc, nhe nhang ma th5u dao, ky lu&ng. Do la nhihig dip kit hpp tham hoi can bp, chiin sT, cdng nhan, ba eon xdm lang vdi true tiip gdp y chSn chinh cho phong trao, hoat dpng. Cd ISn vi tham nhiing hop tac xa chan nudi, thSy dan Ian ddng due, beo tdt nhung l^i can nhau, Ngudi tinh y biit ngay benh thanh tich, nhae nhd phai lam an tu te keo dan oan, phai dem tra Ion muon diing nha dan. Xan quan ra ddng tat nude, Ngudi biit dupe not khd nhpc ciia viing h^n va nhSc nhd khai them muang mang thuy loi.
Ho Chi Minh nam rat vGng phep doi nhan xu the, nhanh chdng xda bd khoang each giOa lanh tu va quan chiing, giua chi huy va can bp.
Ai gap Ngudi ciing eo cam giac than tinh, gSn gui, mat di sy mSc cam, e de, thay vao dd la Idng kinh phyc, yeu men. Dd la do bi quyit ciia Ngudi: "Doi vdi t4t ca mpi ngudi trong cdc tang lap dan ehiing, ta phai cd m^t thai dO mim deo, khdn kheo, biit nhan nhupng, biet trpng nhan each ngudi ta" (12).
v i phep diing ngudi, Ngudi c6 thai dp doi xu rit van hda - mpt khoa hpc va ngh? Ihu^t ve nhan sy. Ngudi da cd luc nhae tdi each dyng nhan nhu dyng mpe, nhung thyc ra, ngoai con mat xanh phat hi^n con ed ca mpt qua trinh r^n luy?n, bdi dudng, giao dye, dac bi?t la ddi vdi nhan tai. Sau Cach mang, Ngudi m^nh d^n va tin tudng mdi mpt sd nhan si tri thuc trong bO may ehe dp cii tham gia Chinh phii va Qudc hpi nhu cu Biii Bang Doan - nguyen Thupng thu Bp Tu phap ciia trieu dinh Bao Dai nhan nhi^m vy Trudng ban Thudng vy Quoe hpi, cy Huynh Thiic Khang - nguyen lanh d^o phong trao Duy Tan gitr chire Bp trudng Bp Npi vy, timg la Quyin Chii tjch nude khi Ngudi sang Phip nam 1946.
Vdi van hda nhan sy, Ngudi d3 bien ky vpng ve chinh sach can bp thanh hi?n thyc.
Nhieu ddng chi than can, hpc trd gan gui xuat sac cua Ngudi trd thanh nhung ten tudi xuat sdc tren Imh vyc ehinh trj, quan sy, ngo^i giao...
ciia nude nha: Trudng Chinh, Ph^m Van Ddng,
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• ^ • h 4 ^
Le Duin, V5 Nguyen Giip, To Hiiu... Cd the vi Ho Chi Minh nhu mpt thanh nam cham cue manh thu hiit, quy tu nhan tai. Nhd uy tin va each ddi dai cau hiin ciia Ngudi, ma bao chinh khach, nha khoa hpc, nha vSn hoa d nude ngoai da v i nude. Trong sd nay, cd the ke den; L&
Van Thiem, Pham Huy Thdng, Tran Hiiu Tude, Luong Djnh Ciia, TrSn Dai NghTa...
Hd Chi Minh cd bi^t tai bieu thSu long ngudi va biit khai dSy dnh sang luong tri, ngpn lira luong tam. Ngudi la nha lanh dao Idn biet dpng vi8n, c6 vu cao nhat ve siic m ^ h tinh than ciia nhan dan cho chiin dlu \k xay dyng.
Trir nh&ng khi phai dimg ngdn ngir hanh ehinh nhu ky sac l§nh, van ban quy ph^mi phap lu§t..., thi Ngudi giao tiip, v$n dpng nhan din deu bang ngon ngii d§m chit van hoa. Ldi tuyen ngon, keu gpi bao gid cung dan ehii, binh dang, ma thiSng lilng nhu nhihig ldi hich each mang.
Nhiing m?nh 1 ^ , nghj quyit thudng dugc diln ta bang nhung ngdn ngii mim dudi dang de nghj, cSu mong, udc mudn,...
Vdi cuong vj nha td chiic thien tai ciia each mang, Ngudi rat coi trpng can bd va cdng tac giao dye, dao tao can bp: "Can bp la cai gdc ciia mpi cdng vi?e. Vi vSy, huSn luyen can bd la cong vi?c gdc cua Dang". Ngudi neu len mpt chan ly: "Mudn vi?c thanh cdng ho$c that bai la do can bp tdt hoac kem" (13).
Nam 1947, dudi but danh X. Y. Z, Ngudi da viit tac pham ndi tiing Sua ddi ldi lam vi?c.
Sach CO hai van di Idn: phe binh va siia chiia ldi lam vifc - cdn bo va cong tac can b^. Phe binh la nhSm xay dyng con ngudi d i td chuc bp may. Cung nhu tu phe binh, vi?c phe binh eung cd nhimg yeu cau cao va thi hi?n ro van hda phe binh ciia H6 Chi Minh. Mot mat, Ngudi phe binh rat nghiem minh, triet de can bp, dang vien, td chiic dang (14). Mat khac, Ngudi eho rang, phe binh phai biit dp lupng, bao dung, tran trpng, tin yeu ddi tugng bang tSm long nhan ai. Phe binh, dau tranh den noi, din chdn, khong khoan nhupng cai xdu, cai tieu eye, nhung dd la mpt lo^i tran danh ciia tinh thuong (Chi Lan Vien).
Ho Chi Minh coi each phe binh ciing la giao dye dpc dao qua hanh dpng, qua cdng vi?c. Cd
nhiing chuyen tudng nhd ma cd y nghTa eye Ion. Ngudi rSt sdng phang chuyen tai ehinh, cd sd chlm com va so luong do thu ky rieng qudn i^F giiip. Di cdng tac, d i tranh ti?c tiing ton phi, Ngudi dan mang com nam theo. Cd Ian, biet khoan thanh toan v i bua an linh dinh, Ngudi bao lay luong cda minh ra de tra. Cd lan di tham dja phuong ve, tinh liy bidu gao, Ngudi tra tiin. Ldn td chirc sinh nhSt nam Ngudi sap ra di that don gian: 5 bong hoa hdng - am tra va it banh keo. Ngudi tam sy: "Bac mang tieng la Chii tich nude nhung Bac ngheo idm, Bac khdng cd gi dau" (15). Khi Ngudi mSt, tiii tiin chi cdn may nghin dong, tien tiet ki?m Ngudi thudng giiip dd, Um tir thien cho ngudi ngh^o.
Hd Chi Minh la mpt nha ngo^i giao ki|t xuat, mang tim vdc Idn ve dudng Idi, chiin lupc trong mpt the ky day dien biin phiic t^ip ciia hai thi gidi, hai phe, hai eye. Ngudi cdn ]k mpt nguyen thii qudc gia cd irng xir ngo^i giao ky tai, cd anh hudng ddi ngoai Idn lao. Dd ciing chinh la trinh dp van hda ngoai giao cao vdi dS ehinh phyc dupe nhiiu eon tim, khdi dc nhSn loai, k i ea nhiing con ngudi ddi djch, d ben kia chiin tuyin. Bao Chiin sT Algeria ed viit:
"Nhihig ke thii xiu xa nhit cung bupc phai kham phyc Ngudi. Nhung nha van, nha bao dii cd ac y nhat cung khdng thi tim thly mOt chiit thieu sdt nhd nhat nao trong cu$c ddi gan 80 nam ciia Ngudi" (16).
Trong ho^t ddng ngoai giao, dii chinh thicc hay khdng chinh thiic, Hd Chi Minh diu nhu ngudi di sii d i phat triin uy tin dat nude, vj thi ciia dan toe. Nhiiu cupc di sur thyc chSt la ruling cupc dau tranh, diu tri quyit li6t - nhu lin Ngudi sang Phap d i thuong thuyit vao nSm 1946 - ben canh vi?c giii vtmg lap trudng, quan diem each mang thi vSn phai biet thuyit phyc ddi phuong bang tinh cam chan chinh trong thi|n chi hda binh.
Khi sang dam phan d Phap, Ngudi dupe dng ddc I^ Paris md ti?c chieu dai. Trudc khi ra vi, Ngudi chpn mpt qua tao bd vao tui. Ra khdi phong, trong thiy mpt ba m? b i chau nhd Ifich lai gan, Ngudi gio tay bi chau h6 vk cho chiu qua tao. Mpi ngudi tir chd td md, ngae nhiSn din chS vui mimg va cam phyc tim Idng yeu trt
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eiia Ngudi. Hdm sau, cau chuyen Qua tao cCia Bac Hd duoc nhiiu bao dang ten trang nhit.
Sy am hieu phong tyc t|ip quan tot d^p eiia cac nude cung tao vdn lieng can thiet cho ngo^i giao, dd la mpt each tham nhap van hda thien h?. Ngudi An Dp ed thdi quen an bde. Trong mpt biia ti^e chieu dai, cd mdn dac san thjt ga.
Hd Chi Minh la thupng khach nen ban ti?c cd de ca dao, dia. Ngudi ndi vui, dai y: an thjt ga phai diing tay mdi ngon, diing dao dTa khac nao ndi ehuy?n vdi ngudi yeu phai nhd phien djch.
Trong trudng hpp phai dau tri qua ngdn ngii, Ngudi diing nhiing kieu choi chii tri tu^, sic sao. Sau khi di Phap vi, dy chieu dai tren chien h^m d Cam Ranh, Ngudi dupe xip ngdi giiia Thdng soai lye quan va Dd ddc hai quan Phap. D' Argenlieu - Cao uy Phdp "tdn vinh":
"Thua Chii tjch, thi la ngai dupe ddng khung th|t tdt giiia hai quSn va lyc quan". Biit tham y dpc ac, Ngudi ddi chpi: "Nhung ngai biet diy,... chinh biic tranh mdi dem l^i gid trj cho cdi khung" (17). Dd vira la sy tdn vinh hkn than, dong thdi ciing la sy h? b | doi phuong.
Trong mpt cupc hpi kiin, Mao Tr^ch Ddng tham dd: "Dong chi Hd Chi Minh, bao gid d Vi^t Nam lam each m^ng van hda?". Ngudi tra ldi: " 0 Vi^t Nam, ehiing tdi dang danh My, cai can nhat la each m ^ g vd hda". Choi chii nhu v^y la de phan bdc, phan doi ma khdng lam mit Idng.
Cd khi chi la ngdn ngii ban tay ho§c khdng Idi (vd ngdn). Da cd hire anh chyp: Ho Chi Minh xde ban tay ehe ndng phdo d^i bic ma bpn thyc dan muon dieu vfl giuong oai. Cir chi dd da thdng bao hai diiu quan trpng: y chi chiin dau quyit li?t ch§n dung vu lye va thi^n chi hda binh ngan ngira chiin tranh th^t cao d?p cua dfin t$c Vi?t Nam.
Ban chat van hda ngo^i giao nhan van theo phong each Ho Chi Minh dupe gpi la ngo^i giao con ngudi, hiiu ngudi khdc, chia si de hp hiiu minh. Van hda Vi^t Nam trong ngo^i giao la tfnh hda hiiu, than thi$n va khoan dung, ling xii tinh li linh ho^t nhung kien djnh vi \^p trudng, quan diim. Ho Chi Minh da the hi^n van hda dan t^c trong ung xii quoe ti, mpt ban chit ciia van hda ngo?i giao Ho Chi Minh.
Hd Chi Minh cung la hi|n than ciia van hda ngoEii giao hda binh. Tir nam 1947, Ngudi dS chii truang mpt phuong hudng ddi thoai: "Vi?t Nam mudn lam ban vdi tit ca cac nude dan chu va khdng mudn gay thii oan vdi mpt ai" (18).
Tren het va trudc hit dd la van hda ngoai giao each mang. Van hda nao ciing phai mang tinh each m^ng, ngupe lai, ciing phai lam cho cupc sdng trd nen van hda, mang tinh van hda.
Van hda img xii Ho Chi Minh la mpt tdng hda ca tri tu^, thdng thai, tinh khdn, muu tri...
trong img phd tinh hudng. Cd ;^ kiin cho ring hinh anh Hd Chi Minh, lanh tu tai ba, con ngudi chien thang, xet cho cung da cd trong Dao dijc kinh (Lao Tii): "Vi tudng gidi khdng td ra vii diing/ Ngudi gidi tac chiin khdng td ra hung hang/ Ngudi kheo thing djch khdng giao phong vdi djch/ Ngudi kheo chi huy thi ty djt minh d dudi ngudi" (19). Diiu dd cung dung mpt phan. Tuy nhien, Pham Van Ddng ed sy tdng kit sau sic nhit: "Ho Chi Minh la eon ngudi cao ma khdng xa, mdi ma khdng I9, to Idn ma khdng lam ra vT d^i, chdi sang ma khong lam ai choang ngpp". Dd la each sing van hda nhit, cao d?p nhat, cung la phong cich ling xii van minh hpp thdi, hpp ngudi nhit j
D.T.H
1,16. Nhi^u tic gi4, Mpi gi& vdi dSng chi HA CM Minh, Nxb Thanh nien, Hk N$i, 2007.
2. Nhieu tac gia, Bac H6 VM chiin st, Nxb Quan dpi nhan dan. Hi r^9\,2QQ].
3 . 4 , 5 , 6 , 8 , 9 . 10, 11, 12, 13. 14. Thanh Duy. Oa/iA ngdn HS Chi Minh, Trung tam Nghien cuu Qudc HQC, Nxb Cdn Ape, Ha N9i, 2011.
7. HA Chi Minh, Vi d^o dire cdch mgng, Nxb Chinh tri Quoe gia. Ha Npi, 1993.
15. Hofing Chi Bao, N6i chuyen vi Bac HS kinh yiu, qdnd.vn.
17. Doin Duy Th^nh, Mpt so cam nli$n vi tu lir&ng - hanh dpng cua H6 CM Minh, Nxb Chinh trj Qudc gia, H4N$i,2012.
18. Dinh XuSn Ly - Ph^m Ngpc Anh, MpIsS chuyin divitie ttf&ng HS Chi Minh, Nxb Ly lugn Chinh trj, HS N$i. 2003.
19. Nhiiu t ^ gii, HS Chi Minh - Ngudi mang Igi dnh sang, Nxb Thai dgi. Ha Hpi, 2011.
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