HE THONG DI TICH THO NGO QUYEN TAI HAI PHONG v o l HOAT DONG THUt: HANH NGHIEP VU inraNG D A N COA KHOA DU LICH
Nguyen Thiiy An Khoa Du lich Email: aiiiitt@(lhiip.edu.vn Ngizy nhdn bdi: 161912019
Ngdy PB danh gia: 28/10/2019 Ngay duyet dang: 06/11/2019
TOM TAT: ChiSn thang Bach Dang nam 938 gfc voi nguoi anh hung dan toe Ngo Quyen da duoc ngudi dan Hai Phong thi hien sir nguong mo, ton kinh va vinh danh qua he thong di tich tha phung ong.
Viec khai thac he thSng di tich thd Ngo QuySn tai Hat Phong phuc vu hoat dong thirc hanh nghiep vu hucmg din la i^t cin thigt. Qua do ton vinh nhihjg di san van hoa quy bau cila dia phuong, la tu lieu de sinh vien tim hiSu, nghien cuu cung nhu gioi thieu ve thdi ky lich siJ Ngo Quyen va chien thang Bach Dang tdi du khach, giup giao due the he tre truyen thong lich sii, van hoa ciia dan too.
Tir khoa- i/g tlwng dt tich Ngo Quyen, ffl'iz tri cm di itch, thuc kmh nghiep vu hi^ang dm du lich TOUR GUIDANCE PRACTICUUM ACTIVITIES OF THE TOURISM FACULTY BASIiVG ON
THE EXPLOITATION OF THE RELICS SYSTEJM OF KING NGO QUYEN ABSTRACT: Haiphong residents have shown their respect, admiration and honor to Bach Dang victory in 938 under the leadership of the national hero Ngo Quyen via the monument system worshipping him. It is necessary to exploit this system in Haiphong to serve professional tour guide practicing activities. It will honor the local precious culhual heritages, which is a valuable document for shidents to study, research as well as introduce to the tourists the history of Ngo Quyen's tune and Bach Dang victory, hence educating young people about the national history, culture and traditions.
Keywords: Ngo Quyen relics system, value of monument, tour guidance practice I. MO DAU true tiep tai cac lang nghS, chg truySn
Trong hoat dong dao tao chuyen nganh " ^ ^ S , eac thang canh tif nhien... trong do Van hoa Du lich va Quan fri Du Ikh tai '*'™ " * * ' P''*" ^^'^ ''^° ^^'^ di tfch lich khoa Du hch, hruong Dai hoc Hai Phong, '^^ ^™ ^°^-
viec day manh cac hoc phln thuc hanh ChiSn thing Bach Ding nam 938 nghiep vu la yeu cju bat buoc nhIm tang duoi su chi huy ciia Ngo QuySn da ch4m tinh nghS cho sinh vien sau khi ra trucmg. diit thdi ky BSc thuoc hang ngan nam Vi thg, hoat dong thuc hanh nghiep vu eua phong kien phuong Bjc tren dit huong dan du lich luon dugc chu trgng nuoc ta. Voi cong lao to Ion cua minh theo hucmg to chiic huong din tham quan sau khi Ngo Quyen mat, nhigu noi tren
20 T R U O W G DAI HOC HAI PHONG
dat nirac ta da lap din tha dl tucmg nha cong an Ngai, trong do Hai Phong la dia phuang CO s6 lucmg cac di tich lan nhat.
Do do viec lira chon di tich tha Ngo QuySn dk sinh vien tai tim hieu, thuc hanh hoat d6ng thuyit minh va to chuc huong dan tham quan du lich la viec lam can thiet, vua giup ren ky nang nghe cho sinh vien du lich vua giup giao due the he tre truyen thong lich su, van hoa cua dan tpc.
2. NOI DUNG
2.1. Gioi thifiu vh he thdng di tich thof Ngo Quyen tai Hai Phong va mot s6 dia phirong trong ca nir6"c
Di tich thor Ngo Quyen tai mot s6 dia phirffng
Theo tim hieu cua chiing toi, hien CO mot so nai co thof phung Ngo Quygn sau day:
- Den va lang Ngo QuySn duac xay dung a then Cam Lam, xa Duong Lam, thi xa San Tay, Ha Noi. Hang nam, nhan dan a Duong Lam to chuc 1§ hgi tuong nha cong an cua ong vao ngay 14 thang Tam (AL).
- Den Thugrng Tiet (xa Dai Hung, huyen My Dure, Ha Noi) thd Ngo QuySn, tuong truyen dem quan tu Ai Chau ra La Thanh, khi qua day ngai da dung chan &k chieu mg them quan sT.
- Tai lang Ninh Xa, xa Le Ninh, huyen Kinh Mon, Hai Duong (each Hai Phong khoang 30 km theo duong ngugc dong song Kinh Thay) co nghe thd Ngo QuySn va miSu Vua Ba thd Can Luong phu nhan, tuong truySn la nai dong quan cua Ngo Quy8n va vg ong tren dudng tiSn ra Bach Dang. [3, tr.463]
- Tai Hung Yen co d6n Nghia ChS, dSn Gia (xa Di ChS) va dSn Vuong (thi trSn Vuong) thugc huyen TiSn Lix la nhung noi thd Ngo QuySn. Theo than tich den Vuong cho biSt khu &k nay (xua la xu KS Lac) la noi dong dai ban doanh cua Ngo QuySn trudc khi tien ra Bach DSng vao cu6i nam 938. Tuong truySn sau khi tieu diet KiSu Cong Tien, Ngo QuySn cdn kip ve day chuan bi luong thao, thao luyen quan dpi rdi mdi theo dudng song Luge, song Thai Binh vao song Lach Tray, ra cua biSn Bach Dang ddn danh quan Nam Han. [3, tr.464]
- Ben canh nhung viing dat gan vdi chiSn cdng cua Ngo Quyen, dSn Cheo (thon Nam Cudng, xa Thanh Uyen, huyen Tam Ndng, Phii Thg) cung thd phung Ngai. Tuy nhien theo truySn thuyet, Ngo QuySn da cung Thai tu den vimg nay san ban, roi cung nhan dan an uong, nghi ngai, an hudng thai binh tai day. Vi vay sau khi ong mat, nhan dan Nam Cudng da lap den thd d khu rung Cheo dS tudng nhd cong diic cua Ngo Quyen vdi dan toe, que huong.
Ditich thd Ngo Quyen taiHdiPhong Ve so lucnig di tich
Cd the khang dinh, khong noi dau, mat do cac di tich thd Ngo Quyen lai day dac nhu d Hai Phdng. Tinh den nam 2016, tai Hai Phdng co 33 di tich thd Ngo Quyen trong dd 26 di tich da dugc xep hang.
Thdng kS cho th4y sd lugng di tich thd Ngo QuySn tai Hai Phdng kha Idn nhung mat do di tich phan bd d cac quan huyen Ididng dong deu.
TAP CHI KHOA HOC, So 39, thang 3 nam 2020 21
Bang 1. S6 lirgng di tich thif Ng6 QuySn phan bo theo quan, huyen t?i Hai Phong Di tich thff Ngo QuySn ( d a d i r g c j j p j i g g l
Ty If (%) Ten quan,
huyen Quan Hai An Quan Ngo Quyen Quan Le Chan Quan Hong Bang H. Thiiy Nguyen
So lirmig di tich (da duffc xep
hang) 25 15
So lu-tmg
Tir bang 1 cho thay di tich thd Ngo QuySn c6 mat d cac quan Hai An, Ngo QuySn, LS Chan, H6ng Bang va huyen Thuy Nguyen. Trong dd chiSm 68% di tich da dugc xep hang d quan Hai An, 26,7
% a quan Ngo QuySn, 18,8% d quan LS Chan. Day la diSu de ly giai vi vung dat thugc quan Hai An, Ngo QuySn, Le Chan xua kia gan lien vdi nai dong dai ban doanh, chieu tap binh sT, huan luyen quan sT, tap trung luong thao...do Ngo Quyen
(Nguon: Bao tdng thdnh pho Hdi Phong. 2017) chi huy trong tran chiSn vdi quan Nam Han. Ngoai ra cac quan huyen khac dugc dS cap dSn trong bang 1 cung dSu la vung dat liSn quan dSn hoat dgng tich trii luong thao, viing 6k tac chiSn gin vdi tran chien Bach DSng nam 938.
Ve loai hinh vd xep hang di tich Q gdc do phan loai loai hinh di tich, vdi 33 di tich gan vdi tue thd Ngo QuySn tai Hai Phdng, chiing tdi da tdng hgp dugc bang sau;
Bang 2. Loai hinh di tich, xgp hang va hinh thuc phung thof cua he thong di tich ggn voi tue thif Ng6 Quy^n tsii Hal Phong
STT
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Ten, loai hinh di tich Sinh
Phung Phap Binh Dong Khe Dinli Lac Vien Sinh Gia Vien Dinh
Hang Kenh Dinh Du Hang Dinh HaoKhe
Xep hang
C. Qu6c gia C. Quoc gia C. Quoc gia C. Thanh pho C. Quoc gia C. Quoc gia C. Thanh pho
Nam xep hang 1994 1997 2009 2004 1962 1992 2008
STT
18 19 20 21 22 23 24
Ten, loai hinh di tich Dinh Kieu Son Sinh An Khe Oinh Luong Khe Dinh True Cat Sinh Cat Khe Dinh CatBi Mieu Xam Bo
Xep hang
Chua xep hang Chua xep hang C.Thanh pho Chua xep hang C. Thanh pho C. Thanh pho C. Quoc gia
Nam xep hang
2001
2008 2011 1996
22 TRUONG DAI HpC HAI PHONG
STT
8 9
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
Ten, loai hinh ditich Dinh An Tri Sinh X a m B 6 Sinh
Luang Xam Dinh Phuong Lim Dinh Ha Doan Smh Liing Bac Smh Ha Lung Dinh Thu Trung Dinh
Luc Hanh Dinh Trung Hanh
X^p hang
C. Thanh ph6
C. Qu6c gia
C. Quoc gia C.Thanh pha Chua xep hang C. Quoc gia C. Quoc gia Chua xep hang C. Thanh ph6 Chua xep hang
Nam xip hang 2005
2005
2007 2016
2001 2001
2007 STT
25 26
27 28 29 30 31 32 33
T@n, loai hinh di tich Mieu Phuong Luu M i k Thucmg Doan Xa MiSu Ha Doan Milu Ha Lung Mieu HaiXa Mieu TnmgHanh Tir Luang Xam Den True Cat Cum di tich Trang Kenh Bach Dang (trong do CO Den tha Ngo Quyen)
Xep h^ng
C. Quoc gia C. Thanh pho
C. Quoc gia Cap Quoc gia Chua xep hang Cap Quoc gia Cap Quoc gia C. Thanh pho
cdp Quoc gia Nam
xep hang 2001
2013
1992 1992
1993 1986 2003
1962
Tir bang 2 cho thay trong tong so 33 di tich thd Ngo Quyen cd 16 di tich dugc cong nhan la di tich cap Quoc gia (chiem 49%), 10 di tich xep hang cap Thanh pho (chiSm 30%), 07 di tich chua xep hang (chiem 21%). Loai hinh di tich dinh thd Ngo QuySn chiSm dai da so (23 di tich, chiSm 70%.); miSu (07 di tich chiSm 21 %);
dSn (02 di tich chiSm 6%), tir (01 di tich chiem 3%»). Cu dan dia phuong thd Ngo Quyen vdi tu each vi thanh hoang phuc than bao trg cho lang xa cua minh.
Ve nien dai, cdc di vdt tieu bieu Can cu vao hd so cac di tich thd Ngo QuySn tai Hai Phong do Bao tang thanh
(Nguon: Bdo tdng thdnh pho Hdi Phong, 2017) phd Hai Phdng cung cap, mdt sd di tich dugc xay dung vao cudi the ky XVII, diu thS ky XVIII nhu dmh Hang Kenh, Tir Luong Xam, miSu Trung Hanh, dinh Luang Xam. Tuy nhien di tich nguySn gdc da khong con ma chi cdn mot sd dau du va hien vat cd dau an thdi Hau LS. Nien dai cua cac di tich thd Ngo QuySn tai Hai Phdng hien nay deu cd nien dai muon, chu ySu vao thdi Nguyen. Do hau hSt cac cdng trinh dSu dugc lam tir chat lieu gd nen co nhiing cdng trinh da trai qua lan trung tu Idn nhu dinh Lung Bac, dinh Hang KSnh, miSu Trung Hanh, miSu Phuang Luu, dinh Ddng KhS,... Sau khi trimg tu, tinh trang
T^P CHI KHOA HQC, So 39, thing 3 nam 2020 23
cua cac di tich nay deu n&n trong chS do bao quan tuong ddi tdt, it phai ap dung ky thuat tu bd, thay thS.
Trong he thong di tich thd phung Ngo Quyen, nhiSu di tich luu giir dugc hau het cac sac phong cua trieu dinh phong kien. TiSu biSu nhu Tir Luang Xam (31 sac phong cd niSn dai tu the ky XVII den nam 1924), miSu Xam B6 (20 sSc phong), mieu Phuang Luu (16 sac phong), mieu Trung Hanh (16 sac phong), dinh Luong Xam (07 sac phong), dinh Dong Khe (07 sac phong),...
He thdng tugng thd Diic vuong Ngo QuySn tai Hai Phdng rat phong phu. Hau hSt cac di tich dSu tac tugng Ngai ngdi tren long ngai de thd phung. Tugng deu khoac long bao, cd kiSm d ben (di tich miSu Trung Hanh cdn cd roi d bSn), khudn mat vdi ddi long may ludi mac, mat sang, tai to, cd ran c4m... toat len ve tinh anh cua bac quan tii dS vuong.
Trong cugc khang chiSn chdng quan Nam Han nam 938, voi va ngua la hai con vat trung thanh gdp cdng pho ta Ngo QuySn. Chinh vi vay, voi va ngua thudng c6 mat trong cac di tich thd Ngo QuySn vdi chat lieu chu yeu la da va gd, kich thudc kha Idn. Tai san den thd Ngo QuySn trong quan thS di tich va danh thang Trang KSnh cdn cd tugng voi Idn bang da ong cd nguon gdc tai lang Dudng Lam (Ha Noi). Tai dmh Hang KSnh, voi va ngua dugc tac vdi ty le
1:1 ticc tugng to nhu that va dugc dat chau vao gian chinh giiia. Tugng co nien dai vao khoang thS ky XIX, tac bang go va dung tren banh xe day. Hai bSn true doc xe diy dugc deo tao hinh rdng each dieu.
Trong sd cac hien vat tai cac di tich thd Ngd Quyen, dang chu y la hien vat gdc CO nien dai sdm nhat dugc trung bay 24 TRlTCfiVG DAI HQC HAI PHONG
va thd tai Tir Luong Xam. Tai tda giai vu bSn trai ciia tir cd luu giu 03 chiSc cgc la chiing tich cua tran dia cgc Bach Dang.
Nam 2008, Bao tang Hai Phdng da tien hanh giam dinh va kSt luan 3 chiSc cgc t?i nha Giai vu d hi Luong Xam cd men dai tir thS ky X. Cgc thii nh4t dai 220cm, chu vi 50cm, cgc 2 dai 147cm, chu vi 39cm, coc 3 dai 206cm, chu vi 55cm, dau coc nhon. Cd thS ndi, day la hien yat vd gia, giup thS he sau hiSu va tin ve ke sach cam cgc nlign diu bit sSt d cua biSn, Igi dung con nude thuy triSu tao nen mdt tran dia cgc tiSu diet quan Nam Han lam nSn chien thang luu danh sir sach.
Vigid tri kien true vd my thuat Qua khao sat 16 di tich thd Ngd QuySn dugc xSp hang cap qudc gia tai Hai Phdng, chiing tdi nhan thiy cd su da dang trong quy md, kiSu kiSn tnic nhung lai kha thdng nhit vS trang tri my thuat cua cac di tich. Vdi bd cue theo kieu "ndi cong, ngoai qudc", liSn hoan khep kin co thS kS den di tich Tir Luang Xam, mieu Trung Hanh; b5 cue theo kiSu hinh chii Cong nhu dinh Hang Kenh, dinh Du Hang, dmh Ha Liing; bd cue theo kiSu hinh chii Dinh nhu dinh Xam Bd, dinh Luang Xam, mieu Ha Doan, dinh Phung Phap, dinh Ddng Khe, mieu Phuong Luu; bd cue theo kieu
"TiSn qudc, hau dinh" nhu miSu Ha Liing (tiSn dudng trgng tua chii qudc, phia sau hau cung gidng chii dinh); bd cue theo kieu hinh chii Nhi nhu mieu Xam Bd, dinh Liing Bac... Hudng cua cac di tich chu ySu la hudng Ddng Nam hoac hudng Tay.
VS trang tri my thuat tai cac di tich thd Ngd QuySn, cd the thay phd biSn va mang gia tri nghe thuat cao la mang cham khac trang hi rdng. Ngd QuySn sau chiSn thing Bach Dang xung vuong nSn cac di tich thd
Ngai vdi sir xuit hien day dac hinh tugng rdng ciing la diSu di hiSu bdi rdng la mdt trong bdn "tu linh" va ciing biSu trung cho uy quyen cua bac dS vuong. Cd thS ke den nhu hinh tugng rdng tren bd ndc di tich, hSn ngai thd, kieu bat cdng, thuyen rdng, ciia vdng, long bao, kham thd, chudi dao, chudi guom... Dac biet, hang loat mang cham khac rdng dugc cac nghe nhan tao tac da tao nSn nhung gia tri rieng cua di tich ma tieu bieu hon ca la cham khac rdng tai dinh Hang Kenh. Voi loi cham bong kenh, cham long, cham ndi, cham thimg trSn chit liSu gd d cac vi nach, de tai rdng chiSm thS chu dao vdi nhiSu chii de nhu: rdng cd dau nhu dau "hd phu"; rdng d, gia dinh nha rdng (rdng bd, rdng me va dan rdng con", ddi rdng quin liy nhau (ddi giao long), "mlu long giao tir" (rdng me va rdng con), rdng dan (cac con rdng ndi dudi nhau tao thanh mot hang dai), rdng phugng dan xen. Tren cac dau du, dau rdng dugc cham vdi miSng ngam nggc. Tai vi tri tuong img vdi vi nach la he thdng van gid cd cham ndi hinh tugng rdng chiu chii "phiic". Ngoai ra cdn hmh tugng rdng chau hoa cue man khai, rdng nang ca chep, mdt sd mang cham thS hien mot dao phat sang d trung tam vdi bdn dot mang nhu dudi rdng, dugc dat can ddi d hai ben...
Le hoi tuong nha Ngo Quyen tai Hdi Phdng
Hien nay khdng cd tai lieu ghi chep chinh xac thdi gian xuat hien IS hgi tudng nhd Ngd QuySn tai Hai Phdng. Tuy nhiSn, qua nien dai, sac phong ciing nhu Idi kS cua cac cu cao nien, chiing tdi doan dinh rang le hgi tudng nhd Ngd QuySn dugc td chuc cd quy md tir khi cac di tich dugc xay dung lai vao thdi Hau Le, tiSp diSn qua thdi Nguyen va keo dai dSn ngay
nay. Tac gia Trinh Mmh Hien h:ong "Le hgi truyen thdng Hai Phdng" cho ring:
"Trudc Cach mang thang Tam nam 1945, tai cac lang xa vdn la "Nghia binh thin tu"
cua Ngd QuySn, cii 5 nam mdt lin timg lang lai tung bimg md hdi tS IS, vui choi tudng nhd chien cdng cua Ngd Vuong vao dip dau xuan tir 16/1 am lich dSn 22/2 am lich"[2,tr.59].
Do anh hudng bdi chiSn franh va mdt sd nguySn nhan khac ma IS hdi tudng nhd Ngd Quyen cd thdi gian bi gian doan nhung sau do da dugc phuc hdi. Nam 2008, IS hdi tudng nhd Ngd QuySn dugc td chiic vdi quy md cip quan da thu hiit ddng dao khach thap phuang va cu dan den du. Qua khao sat cua chiing tdi tren dia ban Hai Phdng, le hgi tai cac di tich dugc td chiic vao cimg mdt radc thdi gian la tir 16-18 thang Gieng AL nham tudng niSm ngay mat cua Ngo QuySn. Vdi trgng trach "Tir Ca" nen Tir Luang Xam bao gid Cling md hdi trudc tir ngay 16 thang GiSng, sau dd tir ngay 17 thang GiSng trd di, cac lang xa khac mdi dugc md hgi.
2.2. Hoat d^ng thu-c hanh nghiSp vu hirong dan du lich t^i mot so di tich trong hf thong di tich thcf Ng6 Quy^n & Hai Phong
Mdt trong nhimg ySu cau quan trgng khi dao tao hudng dan vien du lich la phai biet ap dung kiSn thiic nghiep vu vao thuc tS hudng din tham quan tai diSm. Viec lua chgn cac di tich lich sii van hda gan voi anh himg dan tgc vao hoat ddng thuc hanh nghiep vu hudng dan se giup sinh vien van dung dugc kiSn thiic lich sir vao viSt va trinh bay bai thuyet minh mdt each hieu qua. Tir dd ren luyen kha nang thiSt kS tour, td chiic hudng dan doan khach tham quan cac chucmg trinh du lich van hda tai
TAP CHI KHOA HQC, So 39, thing 3 nam 2020 25
dia phuang cho sinh vien du lich.
Nhan thiic dugc diSu do, tir nam 2004 khi cdn thudc khoa Khoa hgc Xa hdi, to bd mdn Van hoa - Van minh da triSn khai hoat ddng thuc hanh nghiep vu hudng din tai diem (trong dd cd mot sd di tich thd Ngd Quyen nhu Tir Luong Xam, dinh Hang Kenh). Cho dSn nam 2013, khi thanh lap khoa Du Ijch, hoat ddng thuc hanh nghiep vu hudng dan tai diSm dugc day manh hon niia, va day cung la liic nhieu di tich thd Ngd QuySn trSn dia ban thanh phd dugc giang vien va sinh vien lira chgn cho hoat ddng giang day va hgc tap cua minh.
Cd thS ke den cac di tich: Tir Luang Xam;
Cum miSu - chua Trung Hanh; Dinh Xam Bd; Dinh Hang Kenh; Dinh Ddng KhS, di tich thd Ngd Quyen trong Quan the di tich va danh thang Trang Kenh. Ngoai ra, nhiSu di tich thd Ngd QuySn cung dugc sinh viSn quan tam, nghiSn ciiu trong cac cong trinh nghien ciru khoa hgc cap khoa.
Ddi vdi hoat dgng hudng dan sinh viSn thuc hanh hudng din du lich tai cac di tich thd Ngd QuySn ciing nhu cac di tich lich sir van hda khac, quy trinh ap dung chung cho cac nhdm sinh vien nhu sau:
- Sinh vien bat tham tSn cac di tich cu thS cho hoat ddng thuc hanh nghiep vu hudng dan cua nhdm minh.
Giang viSn chuyen nganh yeu cau nhdm sinh vien mot sd nhiem vu sau:
- Coi di tich ma nhdm dugc giao la diSm du lich hat nhan, cd the dua thSm mot sd diem du lich lan can de xay dung mot chuong trinh du lich hap din du khach. Phan cdng cac thanh vien trong nhdm viet bai thuyet minh vS nhimg diSm du lich dugc kliai thac hong chuong trinh du lich do nhdm xay dung.
- Nhdm tiSn hanh di thuc tS tai ai^-^
lin 1, lin 2. Trong qua trinh di thuc te tai cac di tich, nSu cd vin de gi can trao doi, phai USn he ngay vdi giang viSn huong din dS duac ur vin. Khi nhdm da co kien thuc thuc tS, van dung vdi kien thuc lich sir cung nhu kiSn thirc nghiep vu hxxong din, phai bit tay vao cdng doan viet bai thuySt minh. Sau dd, nhdm sinh vien lai tiSp hic di thuc tS lin 3 va bit dau ap dung hoat ddng thuc hanh hudng din tham quan dS 'khdp ndi dung bai thuySt minli vdi thuc tS td chiic hudng din tham quan tai diem.
- Giang vien chuySn nganh bat dau hudng din nhdm sinh vien thuc hanh hudng din tai diSm lin thii nhit. Giang vien vira nghe sinh vien thuyet minh vira diSu chinh nhimg ndi dung chua phu hgp cho sinh vien.
- Sinh vien tiSp tue tu tiSn hanh hoat dgng thuc hanh hudng dan tai diSm va diSu chinh nhiing ndi dung td chiic hudng din tham quan cin thiSt theo nhung y kien trao ddi cua giang viSn.
- Giang vien chuySn nganh tiSp tue ciing nhdm sinh viSn thuc hanh td chiic hudng dan tham quan tai diem lan thii 2.
Sau lan thuc te nay, neu nhdm sinh viSn dap img dugc ySu cau cua hoat dgng thuc hanh nghiep vu, giang viSn cd thS giao cho nhdm tiep tue tu ren luyen dS chd lich thi tai diem do Nha trudng ban hanh.
RiSng ddi vdi hoat ddng hudng d i n sinh vien thuc hanh hudng dan du lich tai cac di tich trong he thdng di tich thd Ngd QuySn tai Hai Phdng, giang viSn cin luu y nhiing van de sau:
- Can gidi thieu mang tinh khai quat he thdng di tich thd Ngd QuySn tai Hai Phdng de sinh viSn nhan thay vi sao vung dat thugc quan Hai An, Ngd QuySn, LS 26 TRLO^G DAI HOC HAI PHONG
Chan lai tap trung nhiSu di tich thd phung Ngai den vay.
- Song song vdi viec giang day chuySn mdn nghiep vu, giang viSn cdn ddng vai trd tu van cho sinh viSn l\ra chgn nhung kiSn thiic lich sir phii hgp, cin thiSt cimg nhu nhiing ky nang co ban hong viec phan phdi va truySn tai lugng kiSn thiic liSn quan dSn anh hung dan tgc Ngd QuySn ciing nhu he thdng di tich phung thd Ngai khi thuySt minh cho du khach. Trong ndi dung thuyet minh ma sinh vien phai the hien, gidi thieu than the, su nghiep cua Ngd Quyen la ndi dung bat huge phai cd. Do do, trong qua trinh hudng din sinh viSn thuc hanh nghe, giang vien cd the phai giai quyet nhieu cau hoi tir sinh vien khi cac em chua ro ve Ngai, hoac giang viSn can dieu chinh cho sinh vien nhung kien thiic lich sii ma cac em the hien chua diing, chua day du...
- Giang viSn cung cap hoac ggi md cho sinh viSn vS nhiing tu lieu lich sir can thiSt gan vdi than thS, su nghiep cua Ngd Quyen (day la ndi dung bat budc trong bai thuySt minh). Ndi dung ca nggi su nghiep hien hach cua Ngd QuySn cung cac tudng Imh bSn canh Ngai cung dugc giang vien dinh hudng cho sinh viSn trSn ca hai ngudn tu lieu lich sii va tu lieu dan gian.
+ Ve tu heu lich sii: Giang vien nen gidi thiSu cho sinh vien nhiing cong trinh nghiSn ciiu nhu: Cudn Lich su Viet Nam (tap 1: Tii ngudn gdc dSn cudi thS ki XIV) do Phan Huy LS chu biSn (2010); Nhimg trang su ve vang cua ddn toe Viet Nam chdng phong kien Trung Quoc xdm luac (Tap 1) do Hdng Nam, Hdng Linh chu biSn (1984), Bai cucmg lich su Viet Nam (todn tdp)dQ Truang Hiiu Quynh, Dinh Xuan Lam, Le Mau Han ddng chu bien (2006);
mot sd bai viSt trSn Tap chi lich sir gin vdi
Ngd QuySn hay cac tudng ITnh cua dng...
Giang viSn nen hudng din cho smh vien each trich din cac thdng tin liSn quan quS huong, than the su nghiep, diSn biSn tran danh trSn sdng Bach Ding nam 938, nhiing nhan djnh, ca nggi cua cac sir gia ddi vdi chiSn cdng cua Ngd QuySn hay nhimg cau chuySn xoay quanh ngudi than, tudng linh cua dng. Qua day, sinh vien se ren luyen ky nang tai hien lich su qua bai thuyet minh.
+ Ve tu heu dan gian: Sinh vien cin thu thap thdng qua qua trinh nhdm di dm hiSu thuc te tren dia ban xung quanh di tich thd Ngd Quyen. Ngoai ra, giang vien cd thS cung cap mdt sd nghiSn cuu cua cac tac gia nhu Nguyen Hiiu Thiic vdi Ngo Quyen trong tdm thuc ddn gian; Ngd Dang Loi vdi Chien thdng Bach Ddng 938 qua nguon tu lieu ddn gian... Sinh vien can y thiic dugc ngudn tu heu dan gian cd siic lan tda manh me, gan giii vdi ngudi nghe, giup bai thuySt minh cd siic hap din, kiSn thirc lich sir dua den du khach khdng bi cimg nhac, ddng thdi gigng ke ciia hudng dan vien se cd cam xiic hon.
Qua day, sinh vien se ren luyen ky nang kS truySn thuyet, giai thoai gan vdi Ngd Quyen.
- Sinh viSn can phai phan bd noi dung va lugng kiSn thiic lich sir vS Ngd Quyen tai di tich riSng le hoac nhiSu di tich liSn quan vdi tour chuySn de cu the nhu Kham pha Hai Phdng - manh dit gan liSn vdi Ngd QuySn va tran chien thang lich sir nam 938; Du lich Men manh dit Trang KSnh - nai thd bdn vi anh hung dan tgc trong lich sii dan tgc Viet Nam; Tour LS hdi tudng nhd Ngd Quyen trSn manh dat Hai Phong... Thdng thudng, tai cac di tich thd Ngd Quyen, sinh viSn can chuan bi thuySt minh nhiiTig vin de co ban sau:
+ Tai khdng gian ben ngoai ciia di tich (cd thS la tugng dai, tam quan, giSng mat
TAP CHI KHOA HOC, So 39, thang 3 nam 2020 27
rdng, khoang san va cay cdi trong khudn vien di tich...), sinh vien nSn chuin hi nhiing kiSn thiic ve thSn thS, su nghiep, ly do thd Ngd Quyen tai day; kiSn thirc van hda ve phong thuy khi xay dung va bd tri canh quan di tich; nhiing tmySn thuyet dan gian gan vdi di tich neu cd.
+ Tai cac hang muc cdng trinh ciia di tich, can can cii vao kiSn hiic, trang tri my thuat Cling nhu nhiing hien vat dugc thd tu tai day dS chuan bi thdng tin cho phu hgp. Thdng thudng ngoai nhiing kien thirc chung ve kiSn tnic, trang tri mi thuat, sinh viSn can chuan bi tdt va lira chgn nhimg hien vat tiSu bieu gan vdi viec phung thd Ngd QuySn dS thuySt minh cho khach. Vi du tai Tir Luong Xam, cin tai hien tai muu luge va tien trinh tran chien Bach Dang nam 938 d tda giai vii cd thd 03 chiec cgc gd Bach Dang hay noi thd md hinh chien thuySn ciia Ngd QuySn. Tai nai dat kieu bat cdng trong di tich, sinh viSn can tai hien thdi gian, su chuan b; va tien trinh IS hdi tudng nhd Ngd QuySn. DiSm mau chdt can nhan manh la tin nguong thd anh hiing dan tgc ciia cu dan dia phuong dugc luu truySn tir ddi nay sang ddi khac se giiip nhan vat lich sii bat tii qua thdi gian. Khi dSn vdi tda hau cung, d khdng gian bSn ngoai bai thuyet minh can cung cap nhiing thdng tin liSn quan den nhiing nhan vat dugc phdi thd vdi Ngd QuySn (nSu cd) nhu con trai ca cua ngai la Ngd Xuang Ngap, con trai thii Ngo Xuong Van, hai tudng quan la Dao Nhuan va Nguyen Tat Td... se giiip sinh vien dem dSn cho du khach nhiing cau chuyen lich sir hap dan. Tai gian cung cam, noi linh thiSng bac nhit hong cac di tich, smh vien nen gidi thieu khai quat vS biic tugng (nSu cd) va nhiing biSu hien cua
"Vuong" qua biic tugng (my nhiSn khdng
28 T R I T O N G DAI HQC HAI PHONG
nSn gidi thiSu nhiSu ma nSn danh ktioaug lang, khdng gian tam Imh cho du khach the hien su nguong vgng ddi vdi anh hung dan tgc Ngo Quyen).
+ Ngoai ra, tiiy thudc vao bd tn khdng gian cua tirng di tich ma cd the cd them cac hang muc cdng h-inh khac nhu nha bia; Khu vuc trung bay ban^do tai hien tran danh tren sdng Bach Dang (sinh viSn nSn dimg d tim ban dd^tai hien h-an danh trSn sdng Bach Dang dugc treo trang trgng d mot sd di rich.
Tai day, mdt lin niia sinh vien nhan manh vS chiSn thang Bach Ding. Sinh vien chii y ky nang chi dan vdi phuong tien ho trg la que chi, biit chi dS lam rd nhiing miii ten chi dudng nit lui tam thdi dS nhir quan dich, miii ten chi hudng tan cong cua quan ta va miii ten chi dudng nit chay tham bai cua giac Nam Han.
Tir do khoi day trong du khach long tu hao dan tgc vS chien cdng each ngay nay hang ngan nam cua cha dng ta the ki X);
Bang ghi danh muc cac sac phong cua nhiSu trieu dai ddi vdi Ngd QuySn; khu vuc dat tugng voi, ngua chien... ma sinh viSn can chuan bi thSm nhirng ndi dung thuyet minh cho phu hgp.
Cd thS thay, de van dung kien thyc lich sir vao hoat ddng hudng dan du lich, ddi hdi ngucri sir dung phai cd su am hieu sau sac vS lich sir dan tgc, Idng tu hao ve lich su dat nude mmh. Do dd, khi thuc hanh nghiep vu hudng dan tai mot di tich thd Ngd QuySn, sinh viSn can nim bit dugc he thong cac di tich thd Ngd QuySn tai Hai Phdng dS tir dd cung cap cho du khach cai nhin toan canh vS viec phung thd Ngai tai manh dat nay. Qua dd se cd nhirng phan tich sau sac ve nhiing tinh cam, long biSt on ciing niSm tm vao su che chd, phfi bd
cua vi thin Ngd QuySn ma ngudi dan dia phuang dang ton Ihd.
3. KET L U ^
Tren vimg dit Hai Phdng, trai qua thdi gian, nhan dan dia phuong da tdn thd Ngd QuySn va tao nSn mot he thdng cac di tich cung vdi cac le hdi dugc td chiic hang nam. Viec lua chgn nhieu di tich thd Ngd QuySn trong ndi dung thuc hanh nghiep vu hudng din cua khoa Du lich khdng chi nhim muc dich ren luyen ky nang nghe cho sinh viSn ma cdn thS hien tinh cam, long tri an ddi vdi vi anh himg dan tgc Ngo QuySn, thS hien tinh than yeu nude, dao ly "uong nude nhd ngudn" cao dep.
Viec nghiSn ciru he thdng di tich thd Ngd QuySn tai Hai Phdng gdp phan giiip sinh viSn khoa Du lich cd cai nhin bao quat, day dii hon vS tin nguong thd atih hung dan tgc Ngd Quyen. Tir dd thuc hien tdt cong tac bao tdn va phat huy nhiing gia tri cua di tich phuc vu cho su phat trien du lich van hda cua thanh phd.
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
1. Bao tang Hai Phong (2015), Binh Hdng
^enA,NxbHai Phong.
2. Trinh Minh Hien (chii biSn) (2011), Le hgi truyen thong Hdi Phong, Nxb Thanh nien, Ha Noi.
3. Phan Huy Le (chu bien) (2010), Lich su Viet Nam (Tap 1: tir nguon gdc den cuoi the ky XIV), Nxb Giao due. Ha Noi.
4. Ngo ST Lien va cac sii than nha Le, Dai Viet sii ki todn thu (Tap 1) (Dich va chii thich: Phan Huy Le; Hieu dinh: Ha Van TSn - 2009), Nxb Khoa hgc Xa hgi, Ha Noi.
5 So Van hoa Thong tin Ha lay (1998), Ky yeu Hgi thao khoa hoe: Ngo Quyin vd chien thdng Bach Bang, Ha Tay.
6. So Van hoa thong tin, Bao tang Hai Phong (2005), Hdi Phong Di tich - Danh thdng xep hang quoc gia, Nxb Hai Phong.
T^P CHI KHOA HQC, S6 39, thang 3 nam 2020 29
