NGHIEN CUU
Nang luc canh tranh cua cac doanh nghiep bao hi^ni Viet Nam trong tien trinh hoi nhap
LeThiHfing
Thiong Dal hoc Kinh doanh va COng nghe Ha NOl
Viet Nam dang trong qua trinh hpi nhap sau ve linh vuc bao hiem. So lugrng cac doanh nghiep bcio hi^m tang nhanh, d5c bi^t la cac doanh nghiep bao hiem nhSn tho nuoc ngoai vdi ngu6n von Ion, c6 kinh nghiem quan ly.
Qua trinh canh tranh giua cac doanh nghiep bao hi^m di§n ra ngay cang gay gat, buoc cac doanh nghiep bao hiem hi^m Vi^t Nam phai nang cao liha nang canh tranh de ton tai va ph^t tri^n. Bai vi^t dua ra m6t sd giai ph^p nham nSng cao nang luc canh tranh cho cac doanh nghiep bao hi^m Vi^t Nam trong tien trinh h6i nh$p.
1. Mir dau
Hi6n nay, miic song ciia nguoi dan Viet Nam ng^y cang dugc nang cao, nguoi dan d^n nhan thuc ro hon v^ Igri ich cua vi^c tham gia bao hi^m trong bdi canh nji ro xu^t hi^n ngay cang nhieu. VietNam gia nhap WTO, ley k^t cac Hiep d|nh thuong mai tu do (FTA), va hiep dinh doi tac toan dien va tien bo xuy6n Thai Binh Duong (CPTPP] kem theo do la cac cam ket thOng thoang hon v^ linh virc bao hi^m.tao di^u kien thuan lofi cho cac doanh nghidp bao hi^m tang nhanh v6 s6' luong cOng nhu qui mo, dSc bi^t la cac doanh nghiep bao hiim nudic ngoai, da thiic dSy canh tranh trong linh vuc bao hiem ngay cang gay gat. Muon ton tai va phat trien, cac doanh nghiep bao hiem trong nuoc buoc phai khong ngung nang cao nang luc de c6 Ih^
canh tranh song phang vol cac doanh nghiep bao hiem nuoc ngoai tren chinh san nha cua minh.
2. Cac cam ket ve linh virc bao hiem trong hpl nhap
Cam ket trong WTO, cac FTA va CPTPP vi linh vuc bao hiem d miic do tu do hoa cao bao gdm:
- Viet Nam cam ket ve m6 cira dich vu bao hiSm bao gom ca 4 phuong thilc bao g6m cung cap dlch vu qua bien gioi, tieu diing o nuoc ngoai, hien dien thuong mai va Men diSn the nhSn. Nhuvay Viet Nam kh6ng han che doi voi d|ch vu b i o Uim cung cap cho cac doanh nghiep c6 v6n d4u tu nuoc ngoai, nguoi nuoc ngoai lam viec tai Viet Nam nen cac c6ng ty nude ngoai duoc mo Van phong dai di6n (tuy nhiSn cac van phong dai diSn khong duoc phep kinh doanh sinh loi tmc tidp); Lien doanh vdi doi tac Viet Nam;
Doanh nghiep 100% von nuac ngoai, Chi nhinh bao hiem phi nhan Ihp.
- Vk pham vi hoat dong: cac doanh nghiep bao hiem (DNBH) nuac ngo^i dugc hogt d6ng trong linh vuc bao hiem phi nhan tho, bao hiem nhan tho, tai bao hi^m va nhuong tai bao hiem; dich vu bao hiem van tai qudc te, bao gom: bao hiem cho cac mi ro lien quan tai v^n tai bi^n quoc t^ va van tai hang khong thuong mai quoc t^', voi pham vi b^o hi^m bao gom bat ky hoac toan bg cac khoan muc sau: hang hoa vkn chuyen, phuang ti^n Vtin chuy^n hang hoa va b^t ky trach nhi^m nao phat sinh tu do, hang hoa dang van chuyen qua canh quoc t^; dich vu moi gioi bao hi^m va moi giai tai bao hiem; cac djch vu phu trg bao hi^m nhu dich vu tu van, dich vu tinh toan bao hiem, danh gia nii ro va giai quy^t boi thuong.
- Trong cdc cam ket, Vi^t Nam khong phan biet doi xii giiia DNBH trong nuac va DNBH nu6c ngoai tuan thu theo Luat kinh doanh bao hi^m va phap luat hien hanhaViet Nam.
Tuy nhi^n cac nha dau tu nuoc ngo^i chua dugc phep thanh lap chi nhanh bao hiem nhan thg cua cac DNBH nuoc ngoai tai Viet Nam, cac dich vu phu trg bao hi^m se kh6ng cung c^p dich vu giam dlnh ton that bao hiem d^ tranh xung d6t Igi ich. Cac cong ty bao hi^m nuoc ngoai chua dugc thanh lAp ctii nhanh bao hiem nhan tho tai Vi$t Nam va cung chua dugc cung cap cac dich vu bao tii^m y te va b i o hiem thSt nghiep.
Nhu vay,vi#c gia nhap WTO, ky cAc hi6p djnh FTA va CPTPP t^o di^u ki^n thu hut cac nha d^u tu nu6c ngoai dac bi^t la nha dau tu nuoc ngoai trong linh vuc
bao hi^m lam cho sd lugng DNBH tang len, canh tranh ngay cang khdc li^t.
3. Ilang lire canh tranh cua cac doanh nghiep bao hiem Viet Nam
3.1. Ve sd luong doanh nghiep bao hiem Sau hon 30 nam Viet Nam thuc hien hdi nh^p qudc te, sd luang DNBH da tang nhanh. Sd lidu thdng ke nam 2007 c6 40 DNBH gom: 22 DNBH phi nhan thg, 9 DNBH nhan thg, 1 DN tai bao hilm va 8 DN mdi giai bao hi^m.5 nam sau, nam 2012 sd DNBH d^ tang len 57 DN trong do c6 29 DNBH phi nhan tho, 14 DNBH nhan thg, 2 DN tai bao hiem va 12 DN mdi gidi bao hi6m. Tinh d6'n het nam 2019, thi trudng bao higm Viet Nam CO 66 DN, gdm: 30 DNBH phi nhfin thg(trong do CO 13 DNBH phi nhan tho nude ngoai), 18 DNBH nhan thg(tuy nhien chi cd duy nhcit 1 doanh nghiep cua Vi6t Nam) do la Bao Vi^t, cdn lai 17 DNBH cila nude ngoai, 16 DN mdi gidi bao hi^mthi c6 tdi 10 DN cua nude ngoai, 2 DN tai bao hi6m. Ngoai ra con cd 01 chi nhanh DNBH phi nhan tho nude ngoai va 21 van phdng dai di$n cua cac to chuc bao hiem nude ngoai tai Viet Nam.
Bang 1. So litgtig cac cong ty bao higm then loai binh doanh : Nam
Doanh nghiep bao hiem phi nhan thp Doanh nghiep bao hiem nhan tho Doauh nghiep lai bao hiem Doanh nghiep n:6i gioi bao hiem
Tong cSng
2007 22
9 1 S 40
2012 29 14 2 12 57
2017 20 18 2 14 64
2019 30 18 2 16 66 Ngiion Cue quail ly, gif^iii sa! Bao hiem Vtir Nani
Nhu vay vdi sd lugng DNBH tSng 16n thi tinh hinh canh tranh cua cac DNBH cung tang theo nhung canh tranh yeu nhat cua c^c doanh nghiep bao hiem thudc ITnh vuc bao hi6m nhan thg do chi cd duy nhat 1 cdng ty bao hiem cua Vidt Nam trong khi do tdc do tang ciia cac DNBH nhan thg tang nhanh ciing vdi xu hudng phat tri^n tai Vi^t Nam cung nhu the gidi
3.2. V^ nang luc tai chinh
Sd lieu nam 2018, thi truang bao hiem cd tdc dd tang tnrdng cao so vdi tang trudng GDP, doanh thu toan nganh dat 160.424 ty ddng, tang 22,36% so vdi nam 2017, trong dd doanh thu phi bao hi^m dat 133.133 ty dong, doanh thu hoat dgng dau tu dat 27.291 ty ddng.
BAoR 2. DDadb thu phi bxo hi^m va thlphjn theo llnb vvc Rial do?n 2017
Doanh tbii pbi b>io Tdc do tang tniong Ty lic/ag phi/tong pbi Tv troEE pbi/GDP
Dan I'y
Phi nhan [ftp MIT 41 554
12,B3 3B.62
201E 46.957 12,89 35,27
Nhan r/ip 2017 66.115 30,93 61,38
2018 86 176 30,34 64,73
-201S Toan till Inrinig 2on 107,709
100 201B 133 133
23,60 100
can cii vao sd lieu cua Cue Quan ly, giam sat bao hiem - Bd Tai chinh (Cyc QLGSBH) nam 2019, thi
tmong bao hi^m van duy tri tdc dd tang trudng on djnh.Cu the, tdng tai san udc cac DNBH nSm 2019 dat 454.379 ty ddng, tang 15,03% so vdi nam 2018. Trong dd, tdng tai san cac DNBH phi nhan thg udc dat 89.447 ty ddng, bao higm nhan tho udc dat 364.932 ty ddng.tdng ngudn vdn chij sd huu udc dat 89.345 ty ddng tang 9,34% so vdi nam 2018.Dac biet, tdng doanh thu phi bao hi^m udc dat 160.180 ty ddng, tang 20,54%, trong dd, DNBH phi nhan thg udc dat 52.387 ty ddng va nhan tho dat 107.793 ty ddng. Cac DNBH da chi tra quy^n Igi bao hiem udc dat 44.006 ty ddng.Ddi vdi cac doanh nghiSp mOi gidi bao hiem, tdng doanh thu hoat ddng kinh doanh nam 2019 udc dat 794 ty ddng, tang 3,7% so vdi nam 2018.
3.3. V^ bao hi^m phi nhdn tho
Doanh thu phi bao hiem phi nhan thg chiem ty trgng cao nh^t thudc cac cdng ty bao hiem ciia Viet Nam. Nam 2018, doanh thu phi bao hiSm phi nhSn thgdat 46.957 ty dong, tang 12,89% so vdi nam 2017.
Phan Idn thi phan doanh thu phi bao hiem tap tmng vao 5 doanh nghiep hang diu gdm. Bao Viet chi^m 20,98% thi ph^n, PVI chi^m 14,64%, PTl chi^m 8,86%, Bao Minh chiSm 7,56%, Pjico chiem 5,98% thi phan doanh thu phi bao hiem. 26 DNBH phi nhan thg, chi nhanh phi nhan tho nude ngoai t^i Vidt Nam con lai chiem 41,98% thi ph^n doanh thu phi.
3.4. V^ bao hiem nhan tho
Doanh thu phi bao hiem nhan tho chu yeu thudc v^
cac cdng ty bao hiem ciia nude ngoai vi chi cd duy nh^t mdt cdng ty bao hiem nhan thg la thudc ve DNBH cua Viet Nam la Bao Viet nh^n thg. Nam 2018, thi phan tdng doanh thu phi bao hifim eija cac hgp ddng bao hiem ed hieu lire theo thii tu sau: Bao Viet nhan thochidm 24,96%; Pmdential chidm 22,32%; Dai-ichi chidm 13,35%, Manulife chie'm 12,77%, AIA chid'm 9,85%, Chubb chiem 3,51%, Generali chidm 2,66%, Hanwha chiem 2,49% thj phan doanh thu phi bao hi^m. Cac doanh nghidp cdn lai chie'm 8,11% thj phan tdng doanh thu phi bao hiem cua cac hgp ddng bao hi^m cd hieu luc.
3.5. V^ chat luong dich vu va md rdng dich vu bao hiem
Bao chat bao higm la mdt nganh dich vu ndn viec nang cao chat lugng dich vu va md rdng dich vu ddng vai trd trong canh tranh nen cac DNBH c^n phai nang cao ch^t lugng dich vu, tranh cd cac khidu nai cOa khach hang v^ chat luang dich vu cua DNBH.
Tuy nhien theo Cue Canh tranh va Bao ve nguoi tieu dung, nam 2019, nganh hang bi khidu nai nhi^u nh^t la tai chinh, bao hi^m, ngan hang khi ehiem 41%.
Sau do la nhdm dien thoai, vien thdng vdi 19% va nhdm dd dien tu gia dung vdi ty le 7%. Nhu vay chimg td chat lugng dich vu cua cac DNBH chua hieu qua.
NGHIEN CUU
Bta canh chat lupng dJch vy thi danh Ueng cua cdng ty cOng 14 ySu to ting khi nang canh tranh cua cac DNBH. Nam 2019 top 10 DNBH phi nhan thg uy ttn n h a da stf d4u thuOc cac DNBH cOa Viet Nam. Con top 10 DNBH nhan tho uy tin diing Aku Ik Bao Viet nhan thp tuy nhien lai chi c6 duy nhSt c6ng ty bao hi^m d6c6n lai la cac DNBH nhan tho nuoc ngoai
4. Giai pliap nang cao nang iirc canh tranh cua DNBH trong tien trinh hpi nhap
Thil nhit, hoan thien luat kinh doanh bao hlim phd hop cac quy dlnh trong hoi nhjp qudc IS' ve bao hi^m theo quy dlnh c i a WTO, cac FTA dac bl6t la CPTPP dac biet la quy dinh v^ dich vu phy tra bao hi^m d^ phO hgp vdi cac quy dinh cOa cac hi^p dinh d a k y k f t
Thir hai, nang cao ch^t lugng djch vu b^ng each ti^n hanh xay dung tmng tam cham s6c khach hang, quan tam d^n mgi nhu c^u cua khach hang va giam cac khi^u nai v^ ch^t lugng djch vu
Thu ba, khuy^n khich cac doanh nghidp phat tri^n va da dang hda san pham bao hl^m dac biet la cac sam ph^m dich vu bao hi^m mai phii hgp vol "xu hudng phat triem cila nil ro ngay nay nhu tri^n khai bag hi^m ndng nghiep va bag hi^m thuy san, chu trgng phat tri^n cac san pham cd y nghia cgng dgng va an sinh xa hdi cao va cac san pham bag higm chg phep di^u chinh linh hoat phu hap vdi nhu ciu cua tCmg khach hang ca nhan. Cac DN bao hi^m nen phat tri^n cac san ph^m ddi vdi sire khoe trgng dd cd cac rui ro lidn quan d^n cac Igai vi rut ben canh cac san pham benh ni^m ngheg.
Thir tu, nang cag nang luc tai chinh dac biet la cac DNBH Viet Nam 66 canh tranh vdi cac DNBH nude nggai cd ngudn vdn hiing hau ddng thgi tang ngugn vdn chii sd hiru
Thu nam, da dang va chuy6n nghiep hda cac kenh phan phdi bao hiim. Cac DNBH nen md rgng hinh thlic thi dai ly bag hi6m tn;c tuyen tap tmng. Tang cudng quan ly chSt lugng thi dai ly 6i nang cao chat luong va tinh chuyen nghiep cua dai ly, dua^ ra cac kenh phan phdi mdi nhu phan phdi bao hiem qua thuong mai diSn ttt, phan phdi bao hiim qua dien thoai di ddng...,
Thii sau, day manh hgp tac qudc te va hdi nhap trong linh w c bag tiim. Cac DNBH Irong nude nen mo rong hgp tac vdi cac qudc gia phat tri«n v4 bao hiem ngdai cac quoc gia khu vuc chSu A, nham hoc hdi, chia se kinh nghiem, nang cad hieu qua trdng cdng tac quan ly, giam sat thi tmdng. V4 hg. nhap nude tg trifo khai thvrc hi«n hieu qua cac cam k S hoi nhap kinh li qudc tg trong linh w e b i o higm nhu WTO, cac FTA dac biet la CPTPP, cac ehuong tnnh
e _ ! _ _ rMFnigs (THANQ 3 / ZOZD)
hap tac dang thyc hien vdi cac td chiic va ddi tac qu^'^
t^.
Thii bay, tang cudng hi^u qua qudn ly nha nude y^
kinh doanh bao hi^m. Cac co quan quan \^ nha nude ckn tang cudng cdng tac thanh tra, kiem tra, gi^m ^f-^
d^ dua ra cac khuy^n nghi, canh bao kip thdi cho cac DNBH d^ sua ddi, bd sung cho phu hgp vdi thi^c t^.
Nang cao nang lye quan ly, giam sat cua co quan quan ly nha nude thdng qua viee hoan tiiien md hinh td chiic, bd sung bd phan chuyen trAch ho trg phdng chdng true Igi bao hi^m, hd trg tu v^n phap !>', trgng tai trong linh vuc bao hi^m. Dong thdi hidn dai hda ca sd ha tang, he thdng cdng nghe thdng tin dap ung yeu cau ho^t dgng quSn ly, giam sat./.
Tai lieu tham khao
B6Tuphap (2018), Tai lieu gidi thieu hiep dinh ddi tac toan dien va tien bd xuyen Thai Binh Duong (CPTPP)
Vien CL&CSTC (2015), Danh gia tac ddng hdi nh§p kinh te' qudc te eua Viet Nam theo cac cam kdt song phuang va da phuang
Cue quan ly, giam sat Bao hiem Viet Nam (2017, 2018, 2019), Nien giam thi trudng bao hiem
Bg Tai chinh (2018) Bao cao tdng quan thj trudng tai chinh nam 2018
BVSC (2018), Nganh bAo hiem 2018 su tham gia cua eac nha dau tu se giiip thi trudng tiep tue hoan thien
http://vnvw.trungtamwto.vn/chuyen-de/8569-cac- eam-ket-gia-nhap-hiep-dinh-doi-tac-xuyen-thai-binh- duong-tpp-cua-viet-nam-trong-linh-vuc-ngan-hang- chung-khoan-va-bao-hiem
https://ietnews.vietnamnet.vn^inh-doanh/dich-vu- tai-chinh-bao-hiem-ngan-hang-bi-khieu-nai-nhieu- nhat-trong-nam-2019-194626.iet
https://vietnamnet.vn/vn/kinh-doanh/vef/cong-bo- t o p - 1 0 - c o n g - t y - b a o - h i e m - u y - t i n - n a m - 2 0 1 9- 545588.hlml
