HOA HOC I CONG NGHE
Ccf che quan ly chi phi thu gom, van chuyen va xii ly chat thai ran d Viet Nam
TH.S NGUYEN ANH KHOA
TPKInh te Ha tang Ky thugt - Vien Kinh teXdydUng 1.DAC DIEM CO CHE QUAN LY CHI PHITHU GOwi, VAN CHUYEN VA XUf LY RAC THAI.
1.1 Nhan dang djch vu thu gom, vdn chuyen va xuf ly rac thdi:
Tai Nghi dmh so 31/2005/NO-CP ngay 11/3/2005 eua Chinh phu ve san xuatva cung flng san pham, dieh vu cdng fch do thi, viSc cung flng eac dich vu edng ich dd thj khdng phai dd edc doanh nghiep Nha nfldc hoat dpng cdng fch dde quyen cung cap ma do eae doanh nghiep Nha nfldc, ddanh nghiep thupc cae thanh phan kmh te khae va hdp tde xd da dUdc ddng ky kinh doanh theo quy dmh cua phap ludt, Nghj djnh eung quy dinh ro cac lieu chi xae dmh san pham, djch vy edng ieh neu dong thdi dap flng eae dieu kien sau.
+ La san pha'm dieh vu thiet yeu ddi vdi ddi sdng kinh te - xa hdi cfla dat nUdc, eua edng ddng dan eU, cfla mot khu vfle lanh iho hoac dam bao qudc phdng, an ninh.
+ Viee san xuat va eung flng sdn pham, dieh vu theo cO che thi trudng khd eo kha nang bu dap ehi phL
+ Ouoecdquan Nha nude cd tham quyen dat hang, giao ke hoach, dau thau theo gid hoac phi do Nhd nUdc quy dmh.
Nghi ainh da quy dinh ro cd che Ifla chpn phUOng thflc eung flng san pham, dieh vu edng ieh theo thfl tU Uu lien sau:
+ Oau thau;
+ Oat hang;
+ Giao ke hoach.
Nghi dinh quy djnh quyen va nghTa vu cua doanh nghiep khi tham gia san xudt va eung cap san pham, djch vy cong ieh Theo quy dinh nay, gia dieh vu thanh todn theo gia hoac phi da duoc CO quan Nha nfldc cd tham quyen chap thuan; trdng dd dich vu thu gdm, van chuyen va xCf ly rac thai thupc danh myc C: Cdc sdn pham, dich vu cdng ieh dd doanh nghiep Nha nUde, doanh nghiep thude eac thdnh phan kinh te khac va xa hdi thue hien theo phUdng thflc ddt hang hoac giao ke hoach.
Ngay 16/10/2013, Chinh phu da ban hanh Nghj dmh sd 130/2013/NO-CP ve san xuat va cung flng san pham, dich vu edng ich thay the Nghi dinh s6 31/2005/NO-CP cua Chinh phfl Theo do, ndi dung quan trong cua Nghi dinh 130/2013/NO-CP la viec phdn loat sdn pham. dich vu edng ieh ed sU khde biet cd
ban so vdi 31/2005/NO-CP; cu the la dich vu thu gom. phan loai, xfl ly chat thai ran, ve sinh edng cpng thupc danh mue B:
Cae san pham. djch vy cdng ich thflc hien theo phUdng thu'c dau thau, trUdng hpp khong ddp flng eae dieu kien dau thau thi thuc hien theo phuong thfle dat hdng, Oay chi'nh Id mpt van de mdi h i t sflc quan trong ma cac co quan chfle ndng vd cae dOn vi tham gia cung flng dich vu thu gom, phan ldai. xfl ly chat thai ran, ve smh cdng cong can phai quan tam de tien hanh edc budc Irien khai tiep theo eho phu hop,
1.2 Ctf che quan lychi phi'dau tUxaydiTng vachiphixuf ly chat thai ran sit dung von ngan sach Nha nUdc.
Theo quy dinh ve qudn ly chat thai ran tal Nghj dmh 59/2007/NO-CP ngay 09/4/2007 cua Chinh phu ve quan ly chdt thai ran ed ehe qudn ly ngudn vdn ngdn sdeh Nha nUdc ehi eho dieh vu thu gom, van chuyen vd xfl ly rdc thdi da dupe quy djnh thdng qua trdch nhiem qudn ly cua cde Bp. ngdnh. dja phfldng;
cy the nhu sau:
a) Viee qudn ly ehi phi eua dUdn dau lUxay dpng cong trinh xfl ly chat thai ran sfl dyng vdn ngdn sdch nha nfldc dflpe thflc hien thed quy djnh cfla phdp ludt ve xay dUng vd phap luat khde ed Hen quan, do la:
•Viec dau lU phai thong qua cacdUan dau tU. hoac la ddu lU ket hop vdi dau tu he ihong ha tang ky thudt hoac la dau tfl thanh dU an rieng (nhfl da phan tieh tren day).
• Dfl an dau tu phai dupe lap, phe duyet theo quy dmh cua Nha nfldc. Ndi dung dU an phai tuan thfl cae quy dinh v l noi dung eua mot dU an dau tU. Trong dp an dau tU phdi xae dmh rd tong mfle dau tU can thiet ke cho cd sd xfl ly chat thai rdn.
Tdng mflc dau tU dupe xdc djnh theo edc phfldng phap khae nhau, thed suat vdn dau tU, Iheo cac dU an tfldng tfl hoac theo khdi Ifldng boc lach lfl thiet ke cd sd vdi ddn gia do cde dia phfldng ban hanh.
• Thiet ke eO sd xfl ly chat thdi ran phdi tudn thu ede tieu chuan quy ehuan do Nha nfldc ban hanh, dfldc tham tra, thSm dmh, phe duyet trudc khi dUa vdd thi edng.
Du toan, tdng dp loan xay dUng cd sd xfl ly chat thdi rdn dUdc xac djnh va qudn ly theo quy dinh cua Nhd nUde.
• Dutoan, tdng dfl toan dUoc xdc djnh tren cO sd khoi lflpng theo thiet ke dupe duyet vdi ddn gid cua tflng ldai cdng tdc xdy lap CO sd xfl ly chat thdi rdn (do UBND ede linh, Ihdnh pho true thude Trung Udng ban hanh) va cdc quy dinh khdc cua Bo Xdy
D t t r u o n g . v n >S6 7 (91) - 2014 HAN CHE SU DUNG T U I NY-LON OE BAO VE MOI TRUONG
KHOA HOC CONG NGHE
d u n g v e d i n h m f l c c h i p h i c h u n g , cdc k h o d n m u c chi p h i khdc ( ^ n h mu'c c h i p h i l a p d U d n , d i n h m f l c chi p h i t h i e t k l , d j n h m f l c chi p h i q u d n ly d u d n , d j n h m f l c c h i p h i d a u t h a u , d j n h m f l c chi p h i g i a m sdt t h i c d n g x d y d p n g c o n g t r i n h , . . . ) .
• D p t o d n , t d n g d p t o d n k h d n g d u p c vUpt l o n g mUc d a u t u cCia edc d u d n d u p c p h e d u y e t . T n j d n g h p p v u p t t d n g m f l c d a u t U da d u o c d u y e t phdi d f l p c n g f l d i q u y e t d i n h d a u t U c h a p t h u a n .
• Khi l a p d p l o a n , t d n g d U t o d n e d n g t r i n h e d s d x f l ly chat t h d i rdn, n e u loai c d n g tdc n a o chUa e d d i n h mUe, d o n g i d t h i c h u d a u t u c u n g v d i d o n vj t U v a n xdy d u n g d j n h m f l c , d d n gid hoac v a n d u n g d o n g i d cua c d n g t r i n h lUOng t u d e xae d j n h gia trj g d i t h a u la c o sd d a u t h a u . T r U d n g h d p c h i d i n h t h a u t h i phdi b d o cdo Bp Xdy d U n g c h a p t h u a n d i n h m f l c ,
T r u d n g h p p d a u t U ca sd x f l ly chat t h a i ran t r o n g cde k h u d o t h i m d i , n e u d U dn d a u t f l k h u d d I h i m d i d o eae d o a n h n g h i e p Nhd nflde d a u t u t h i v l e d b d n , c d che q u a n ly chi p h i k h d n g n h a t t h i e t phdi t u a n t h e d c o e h i q u d n ly c h i p h i d a u t U cfla Nha n u d e .
b) O d i v d i c h a t t h d i rdn sinh b o a t , chi p h i x f l ly d u p c b u d a p t h d n g q u a n g a n sdch Nhd nUdc n g o a i n g u d n t h u p h i ve sinh t f l c h f l n g u o n t h a i . Chfl x f l ly t h u chi p h i t f l e h u t h u g o m , v a n e h u y i n I h e o h o p d o n g dieh v u
e) Odi v d i chat I h d i rdn c d n g n g h i e p , chi p h i x f l ty d u p e t h u true t i l p t f l c h f l n g u d n t h d i ( t r o n g I r U d n g h o p c h u n g u o n t h d i van c h u y e n t r p e t i l p d i n c o sd x f l ly hodc c h f l x f l ly t h f l e hien dich v y t r p n g d i t h u g d m , v a n c h u y e n va x f l ly) hdde t h o n g q u a c h u t h u g o m , v a n c h u y e n .
d) Q u a n ly chi p h i xCf ly chat t h a i rdn sif d u n g v d n n g a n sdch nha nfldc dflOc thUc hien t h e o q u y d i n h h i e n h a n h , B6 Xay d u n g h u d n g d a n p h u o n g p h a p lap va q u a n ly d u t o a n d i c h v u e o n g ieh x f l ly c h a t t h d i r d n .
e) Oy b a n N h d n d d n edc t i n h xdy d p n g vd b a n h d n h d d n gia dich v y c d n g ieh t r e n dja b d n .
1.3 C a c h e q u d n l y c h i p h i t h u g o m , v a n c h u y e n v a x U l y rdc t h d i siJf d u n g v d n n g a n s d c h N h a n U d c .
Tren thUc t e , ke t f l giai d o a n trUde n a m 2002, Bo Xay d U n g chua b a n h a n h v a n b d n h u d n g d a n cO che q u a n ly chi p h i t h f l e hien d i c h vu t h u g o m , v a n c h u y e n va x f l ly rae I h d i . Viee q u d n ly ehi p h i d i c h v y i h u g o m , v a n c h u y i n vd x f l ly rde thdi d edc dia p h f l d n g d o edc d j a p h f l O n g t f l v a n d u n g cdc q u y d j n h ve ehi n e u cua B6 Tai c h i n h va q u y d m h m f l c d p t o d n c d n g tae t h u g d m , v d n c h u y e n vd x f l l y rdc t h a i d o Bd Xdy d f l n g b a n h a n h . Do vdy, giai d o a n t r f l d e n a m 2002, t u y Bo Xdy d U n g da b a n h a n h d j n h m f l e n h u n g d o c h u a c 6 v a n b d n h f l d n g d a n c d che q u d n ly cbl phf n e n vai t r d q u d n ly t h 6 n g n h a t eua Nha n u d c t r o n g l i n h vuc q u d n ly chdt t h d i rdn chUa d u p c p h a t huy, Viec xac d j n h chi p h i d j c h v y t h u g o m , v a n c h u y i n va x f l ly rde that 6 m d i dia p h u o n g c 6 sfl khdc bl§t n h a u
D l d d m b d o t h d n g n h d t t r o n g n g u y e n tdc vd n o i d u n g xac d i n h d o n gid, q u d n ly chi p h i d i c h v y t h u g o m , v a n c h u y i n vd x f l
ly rae t h d i t r e n p h a m vi t o d n q u d e , n g a y 3 0 / 1 2 / 2 0 0 2 6 6 Xdy d u n g d d b a n h a n h T h d n g t f l so 05/2002/TT-BXD h u d n g d a n viec lap vd q u a n ly chi p h i thUc hien cdc dich v u c d n g ich; T h d n g t U sd 17/2005/TT-BXD ngdy 0 1 / 1 1 /2O05 v e sfla d d i , b d s u n g T h d n g t u sd 05/2002/TT-BXD va T h d n g t u so 06/2008/TT-BXD n g a y 2 0 / 3 / 2 0 0 8 . N d i d u n g c h f l y e u cua eac T h d n g t f l t r e n la:
• H f l d n g d a n q u a n ly chi p h i d j c h v y c d n g ich d o t h j
• Q u y d j n h d p d y n g eho 0 4 loai d j c h v u e d n g ich d o t h i g d m : + T h u g o m , v a n c h u y i n va x f l ly c h o n lap rae t h d i ; + N a o v e t d u y t r i he t h o n g t h o a t nUdc;
+ D u y t r i he t h o n g c h i e u sdng c d n g e d n g , + D u y t r i , p h d i t r i e n h e t h o n g cay x a n h .
• Q u y d i n h each xac d i n h d d n gia, d u t o a n dich v y c o n g ich d o t h i : Gia d u l o a n d j c h vu c o n g ich d o t h i xdc d j n h t h e o k h d i l u p n g djeh v y v d i d d n gid cua t f l n g loai dich vy e d n g ich c p n g v d i edc k h o d n c h i p h i q u a n ly e h u n g va Idi n h u a n , O o n gia eua t f l n g loai dieh v y c d n g ich b a o g d m edc ehi p h i v d t l i e u , n h a n c 6 n g , x e m a y t h i e t bi d f l d c xae d i n h t r e n c d sd d i n h m f l e t i e u h a d d o Bp Xay d u n g b a n h a n h va gid ca vat lieu, t i e n lUdng n h d n c d n g , gid cd xe m a y i h i l l b j ,
• Q u y d j n h n d i d u n g vd d j n h m f l e ehi p h i q u d n ly e h u n g t i n h t r o n g d f l t o d n cua 0 4 loai dich v y c d n g ieh d d t h i .
• Q u y d m h e d che q u a n ly gia d u t o a n dich vu c d n g ich d d t h i : + B6 Xay d u n g c o n g b o d m h mflc d p d y n g I h o n g nhat t r o n g ca n f l d c . T r f l d n g h p p n h f l n g e d n g viee chfla c o d i n h m f l e hdde n h f l n g d i n h m f l e chfla p h u h p p v d i d i e u kien eu t h e eua dia p h u o n g t h i cae dia p h u o n g t i e n h a n h xay d u n g d m h m f l c hoac dieu c h i n h d m h mflc de a p d u n g va b d o cdo B6 Xdy d f l n g t h e o d 6 i , k i e m t r a ,
+ UBND ede t i n h , t h d n h p h d t r f l c t h u d e t r u n g Udng b a n h a n h d d n gia d i c h v y e d n g ieh dp d u n g t r e n dia b a n cua t i n h , t h a n h p h o
+ UBND cac l i n h , t h a n h p h o p h e d u y e t d U t o a n dieh v u c o n g ich,
+ Gid d u t o d n dich v u c d n g ieh xac d i n h t h e o q u y d m h l a i edc T h d n g t U t r e n la can e f l d e t h 6 a t h u a n ky k i t h d p d d n g hodc la Cd sd de Ifla c h o n d d n vi t h f l c hien dich vu e o n g ieh t r o n g t r f l d n g h d p d a u t h a u hdde d d t h a n g ,
2. HE THONG 0!NH MCTC CONG TAC THU GOM, VAN CHUYEN VA XLf LY CHAT THAI RAN DO B 6 XAY DUNG CONG BO:
Oe cy t h e hda cdc can eU xay d u n g d d n g i d , d u l o a n c d n g tae d i c h v u t h u g o m , van c h u y e n va x f l ly chat thdi ran t h e o c o ehe q u a n ly ehi p h i 6A q u y d i n h , t r o n g n h u n g n a m vua q u a B6 Xdy d u n g da t n e n khai viec n g h i e n eflu, xdy d f l n g va b a n h a n h cac d m h m f l c lien q u a n t r o n g dich vu t h u g o m . van c h u y e n vd x f l ly chat thai rdn. Theo t i e n t r i n h eua q u y t r m h t f l d a u t f l d e n t h u g o m , v d n c h u y e n va x f l ly ehat t h a i rdn, eac d m h mflc da d f l d c B6 Xdy d f l n g b a n h a n h g o m -
2.1 G i a i d o a n d a u t u d u d n x i r l y c h a t t h d i r d n :
HAN C H E S\S D U N G TUI NY-LON O f BAO VE M O I TRUONG SO 7 ( 9 1 ) - 2 0 1 4 - •
HOA HOC CONG NGHE
d giai doan nay, he thdng chi tieu, ^ n h mUc phucvu lap dp an, lap dfl todn, tdng dutoan cdng trinh xdy dflng xfl ly rdc thai bao gdm:
• Suat vdn dau tUxfl ly rde thdi phyc vy lap tdng mUc dau t f l khi Idp du an dau tU xdy dUng edng trinh xfl ly chat thai ran.
• Oinh mflc xdy dflng, lap ddt cdng trinh xfl ly chat thdi rdn. v.v...
• Djnh mfle chi phi xac djnh bang ty le gdm: dinh mfle ehi phi chung; djnh mfle ehi phi lap dp an; dinh mfle chi phi thiet ke; dinh mflc ehi phi gidm sat thi cdng xay dung cong trinh;
dmh mflc qudn ly dU an;...
Mac du cdn thilu cde chi tieu, djnh mfle nhflng tren thflc le, cde ehu dau tfl va cac don vi lfl van dd xae djnh tdng mfle dau tu xay dpng edng trinh xfl ly chat thdi ran bang phfldng phdp xae djnh khdi Iflpng edng lac chfl yeu vdi ddn gia theo quy dinh.
Trong thdi gian qua, Bp Xay dung da cdng fad suat vdn dau tflxdydflngva mfle chi phixfllyehalthairansmh boat kem theo Quylt djnh sd 322/QD-BXD ngay 06/04/2012 cua Bo trfldng Bo Xay dflng de edc to chfle, cd nhdn c6 lien quan tham khao trong qud trinh dau tU, van hanh ed sd xfl ly chat thai ran sinh hoat sfl dyng edng nghe, thiet bi dupe nghien cflu, che tao trong nude
2.2 Giai doan thu gom, van chuyen va xuf ly chat thai ran.
Trong nhflng ndm vfla qua, Bd Xdy dpng da tap trung nghien eflu xdy dflng djnh mfle dp tddn chd cac cdng tae thu gdm, van chuyen vd xfl ly chat thai ran de lam cd sd xac dmh gid dich vu eho eae cdng tde nay. Qua nhieu lan nghien eflu sfla ddi, bd sung de ban hanh va cong bd, ngdy 30/5/2014 Bp Xdy dflng da eong bo dmh mflc thu gom, van chuyen vd xfl ly chat thdi rdn do thi kem theo Quyet dmh so 592/QO-BXD ngdy 30/5/2014 cfla Bo trfldng Bo Xay dflng,
Ndi dung chfl yeu eua dmh mflc thu gom, van chuyen va xfl ly chat thai ran do thi dupe edng bd kem theo Quyet dmh sd 592/QO-BXD ngay 30/5/2014 eua Bd trudng Bp Xay dflng so vdi dmh mflc thu gom, van chuyen va xfl ly chdn lap rac thai do thi da duoc edng bd kem theo Vdn bdn sd 2272/2008/BXD-VP ngdy 10/11/2008 cua Bp Xay dUng la dieu chinh lai trj sd mfle cua mot sd loai cong tac cho phu hpp vdi linh hinh boat dpng thuc te eua cac cdng lac ihu gom, van chuyen va xfl ly chai thai rdn do thi. Ngoai ra, tai Quyet dmh sd 592/QO-BXD cdn hfldng dan ap dung ddi vdi ede trfldng hdp cdng tdc thu gdm, van chuyen vd xfl ly chat thai ran do thj c6 yeu cau ky ihual va dieu kien thuc hien khae vdi quy dmh trong lap dmh mflc nay hoac nhflng loai cdng tdc thu gom, van chuyen vd xfl ly chat thdi rdn do thi chfla dflOc cong bo dinh mflc thi Sd Xay dflng cac tinh.
thanh phd true thude trung Udng chu tri phdi hpp vdi ede Sd.
Ban, Nganh hen quan tiln hanh dieu chinh dmh mflc hoac xdy dflng dmh mflc mdi de irinh UBND tinh. thanh phd trflc thupc trung uong quy dmh ap dung, ddng thdi bao cao Bo Xay dpng de theo doi quan ly.
TrencdsddjnhmUcdutddndichvu thu gom, vanchuyen va xfl ly chat thai ran da dupc Bp Xay dUng cdng bd, cdc ddn vj dja phuong da tien hanh xay dUng vd ban hanh don gia dich vu thu gom, van chuyen vd xfl ly chat thdi rdn cua dia phuong.
Ngoai ra, tai mot sd dja phUdng, tuy thudc tinh hinh thpc te da chu dpng xay dUng mdt so dinh mflc dp todn cho cdng tdc xfl ly chat thdi ran theo tijtig loai hinh cdng nghe xCf ly ma dja phfldng ap dung de phyc vu chd viec xac dinh don gid cua edng tdc do.
3. H O A N T H I E N CO CHE QUAN LY CHI PHf CONG TAC THU GOM, VAN CHUYEN VA XUf LY CHAT THAI RAN
Theo chflc nang qudn ly Nhd nUdc. trong nhu'ng ndm qua.
Bp Xay dung da khdng ngflng hodn thien cde ed che, chinh sdch lien quan den viee qudn ly linh vUe ha tang ky thudt noi chung cung nhU qua trinh dau tU, thu gom, van chuyen va xfl ly chat thdi ran ndi rieng. Tuy nhien, cd che nay cung van cdn nhflng tdn tal can riep tuc hoan thien; Chinh vi vdy, ngdy 23/7/2014 Thu tUdng Chinh phu da phi duyet O l dn "Huy dpng ede ngudn Iflc dau tU xay dUng he thdng cap, thoai nUdc va xfl ly chat thai ran sinh boat" vdi myc tilu din nam 2020 dat cac muc tieu dat ra trong Chien lupe qudn lytdng hdp chat thdi ran da dUoc Thfl tfldng Chinh phu phe duyet. Tai d l an dupc Thfl tfldng ehinh phfl phe duyet da xdy dUng ehi tilt k l hoaeh td ehfle thflc hien Oe dn vdi viec glad nhiem vy cu the cho tflng Bp, nganh de irien khai cdng viec, ngoai viec phdi hpp vdi cdc Bp, nganh va eae dja phflong thflc hien edc npi dung khdc ci!ia ke hoach thflc hien Oe an, trach nhiem thUc hien ke hoach cu the eua Bd Xay dung vdi thdi han ey the nhU sau:
• Hddn thien he thdng eO che. chinh saeh dau tUxdy dflng, qudn ly. van hdnh edng trinh xfl ly chat thai ran sinh hoat (2014-2015)
• Nghien cflu dp dyng gia xfl ly chat thdi rdn sinh hoat (2014-2015)
• Hfldng dan phflong phdp Ifla chpn nhd dau tU, mau hcJpdong du an trong ITnh vUe xfl ly chat thdi ran sinh boat (2014-2015)
• Sfla ddi, bo sung Nghj dinh 59/2007/NO-CP ngdy 09/4/2007 cua Chinh phu ve quan ly chat thai rdn (2014)
- Hodn thien he thdng ehi tieu kinh te ky thuat phuc vy xiC djnh chi phi xfl ly chat sinh hoat (2014-2015)
• Xdy dUng k l hoach dao tao vd phdt trien ngudn nhan Ipc cfla linh vUe xfl ly chat thai ran sinh hoat din ndm 2020
• Tuyen truyin ndng cao nhan thfle cdng ddng trong Iinh vfle xfl ly chai thai rdn sinh boat (2014-2020).
Oe dat dupe mue tieu 3e ra, cdc CO quan chuyen mdn trpe thu6c Bp Xdy dung can nhan thflc trdch nhilm mdt cdch ro rdng d l tfl dd tnen khai thflc hien ndi dung ke hdach thuc hi^n Oe dn phu hpp vdi Id trinh eua Oe dn md Thu tudng Chinh phCi da phe duyet.-:-
"ici vn -So 7 (91) - 2014 HAN CHE SU DUNG TUI NY-LON 0€ BAO VE MOI TF'U
