Vo Thi Le Ha va Dig Tap chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE 173(13): 59-65
NGHIEN CUtI SV" HIEN DlfiN VA MOI TlTONG QUAN CUA KIM LOAI TRONG DO CHOI TRE EM T R £ N DIA BAN HA NOI
V6 Thj L^ H^', Nguyin Thj Thu H3ng^
' Trird-ng Dai hoc Bach khoa Hd NQI
^Trudng Dgi hoc Nong Lam - DH Thdi Nguyin TOM T A T
NghiSn cuu khao sSt 41 mau do choi bing nhua, gidy va kim loai dugc thu thap tren dia bin Ha Noi va xac dinh tdng ham lugng kim loai bing thiSt bi ICP-MS. Ky thu§t phan tich thanh phkn chmh (PCA) dugc sii dung de phan tich mdi tuong quan giQa cac kim loai trong c^c mlu do choi.
Ket qua cho thSy rang cac kim loai deu xuSt hiSn trong tit ca cac mlu phSn tich. Cac mlu do choi gidy vk kim lo?ii c6 3 thanh phdn chinh, d6 choi nhua c6 4 th^nh phdn chinh nhung cac thanh phan kim loEii trong thinh phdn chinh gi6ng nhau. Moi tuong quan giQa c^c kim loai cho thdy Zn vi Ni c6 the dugc sir dung trong 6n dinh nhiSt, Cr va As dugc ling dung tao miu, Pb vi Cd sir dung giit mau vi tang sir 6n dinh ve cau tnic v§t lifiu.
Tfr khoa: Dd choi Ire em. tuong quan, kim logi nang. PCA, ICP-MS
DAT VAN DE
Trung Quoc hien nay dang la nha san xuat va xuat khau do choi Icm nhat the giai, chiem horn 75% san luong do choi. Trong do. My la nircfc nhslp khau do choi Ion nhat, tiep den la Chau Au va cac nuoc khac tren the giai [10].
Tuy nhien, do chai xuat khau cua Tmng Quoc la doi tugng thuong xuyen bi thu hoi vai so lugng Ion vi khong dam bao chat lugng va co nguy ca khong an toan. Nam 2007, 25 trieu do chai xuat xu tir Tmng Quoc da bj thu hoi a My. Nguyen nhan la do do chai co chua kim loai Chi dpc hai trong lop san phii qua muc cho phep hay cac do chai tir tinh co cac bp phan nho de gay nguy hiem cho tre [3]. Viet Nam dugc xem la thj trtrong tieu thu tiem nang d6i vdi nganh cong nghiep do chai tre em. Theo bao cao "Tong kit thanh tra dien rdng vi dd chai tre ein" ciia Bo Khoa hpc va Cong nghe nam 2013 cho thay rang: 90% do choi gia tre luu thong tren thi truang co xuSt xii tii Trung Qu6c, trong do phan lan nhap khau khong chfnh ngach. Vi pham chit lupng d6 chai tuong d6i ph6 bien a Viet Nam [1].
Vi vay, sir an toan va chat lugng do choi luon dugc dat len hang dau va can kiem soat chat che. Btrc tranh nghien cuu da thuc hien tren the giai ve danh gia kha nang phai nhiem cac
Tel: 0919 962586. Email hanglnvn@tuafedu vi
chat dgc hai co trong do choi tre em trong qua trinh tre tiep xuc do choi dugc tong hgp g bang 2. Cac nghien cmi deu ket luan rang, cac do chai dugc lira chpn nghien ciki deu xac dinh dugc ham lugng kim loai nang v6i cac ham lugng khac nhau va tre co the bi anh hucmg siic khoe khi tiep xiic, ng^m cac do chai CO chira chat dpc hai tiem an nay.
Nghien ciiu phai nhiem do choi tre em co xuit xii Trung Quoc a Nigeria cho thay rang, trong 51 do choi bang nhua voi cac mau sac khac nhau thi co 43 mau (84%) chiia ham lugng chi cao hon nong do cho phep. Ham lugng chi cao co the gay ton thuang ve nao, than kinh, giam tri thong minh lam ch|im sir phat trifin cho tre [11]. Chi cung dupe phat hien trong cac mau do choi co ciing xuat xii a Thai Lan, An Dp va Th6 NhT Ki [2,4,9]. 100 mau khao sat 6 Thai Lan phat hien 13 mau vugt quy chuan cho phep [4]. Cac mau a An Dp cho thay rang, m^u sac cua cac do choi khac nhau, mile dg hien dien cac kim loai nhu Pb, Cd, Zn, Cr s§ khac nhau. Trong do, do choi mau vang phat hien ham lugng Chi nhieu nhat va do chai mau xanh co nhiSu Cadimi nhat. Tuy nhien, cac mau do choi 6 Tho NhT Ki deu phat hien Pb va Ca nhung ham lugng deu nam trong tieu chuan cho phep [2]. Nghien ciiu moi tuong quan giifa cac kim loai nang trong mau do chai bang viec ap dung ky thuat phan tich thanh phdn
59
V6TliiLeHavfl£Kg Tap chi KHOA HQC & CONG NGHE 173(13): 59-65 chinh (PCA) lam co so budc dau xac djnh
ngufin phat sinh dugc img dung kha pho bien trong nghien ciiu khoa hgc. Hien nay cr Viet Nam, nghign ciiu ve kim loai nang trong do chai tre em va xac dinh moi tuong quan chua dugc su quan tam. S6 heu \k kim loai nang trong do choi ph6 biin tren thi truong Viet Nam tuong doi thiSu. Buoc ddu danh gia s\r hien dien cua kim loai d mgt so do chai voi cac dang vat lieu khac nhau, tir do xac djnh ngu6n phat sinh da dugc thuc hien d trong nghien ciiu nay.
PHUONG PHAP NGHIEN CUU D3i tugng nghiln ciru
41 mlu dd choi lam tii cac loai vat Heu nhu nhua, kim loai va giay vdi cac mau sac khac nhau dugc lira chpn lam ddi tugng nghien cuu.
Cac d6 choi nay co xu4t xii tir Trung Quoc, mdi, duoc thu thap tren dia ban Hk Npi.
Phan tich va xir ly mau
Cac mlu d6 choi duoc xii ly khac nhau tiiy theo vat lieu lam d6 choi theo hudng din trong TCVN 6238-3:2011. Cac mlu d6 chai dugc lam sach, d6 khd tu nhien vii giam kich thudc bang ban cit, mdy cSt Retsch MS 2000, keo sao cho kich thudc nho hon 6mm. Cac mau dugc bao quan trong cac tui plastic co khoa trudc khi dugc phan tich.
Phan tich tdng ham lupng kim loai trong mau sic dung ky thu^t pha mau bang 16 pha mau vi sdng (nhan hieu ETHOS 900) trudc khi dugc phan tich bing may Quang pho phat xa Plasma ICP-MS dieo phuang phap 200.8 ctia US-EPA.
QA/QC
Dung djch chuan them vao tren nen mau do chai va chSt ngi chuan dupe sir dung de danh gia do anh hudng ciia nen mau ciing nhu xac dinh dp thu hoi. Mu'c dd thu hdi cua 8 kim loai (As, Cd, Pb, Cu, Zn, Mn, Ni, Cr) n5m trong khoang 91.9%-109.2%. Thong qua do thu hoi ciia phuong phap va su dung he sd hieu chinh de xii ly so lieu.
Dudng chuan dugc xay dung tuyen tinh vdi he sd tuang quan r^ > 0.999.
Mau phan tich lap lai 3 lan vdi do lech chudn tudng doi khdng vupt qua 10% giira cac lin do. i Gia tri gidi han dinh lugng (LOQ) dugc xac djnh cho cac kim lo^ii cu the: As, Cd, Pb lii' Ippb; Cu va Zn la lOppb, Ni la Ippb va Cr la 5ppb.
PhuOTig phap xfr ly so lieu
S6 lieu dvrpc tdng hgp, phan tich vk xir ly bing phan mSm SPSS IBM 20 theo ky thu?!
phan tich thanh phSn chinh (CPA) KET QUA VA T H A O LUAN
Ham luwng khn loai trong do choi vat lifu nhua KSt qua phan tich cac mlu do choi nhua dugic mo ta th6ng ke d bang 1. Cac mau phan ticli d6u hien dien cac kim loai As, Cd, Pb, C^
Zn, Mn, Ni va Cr voi khoang ham lugng kHa rong tuong ling lan lupt la 1.84 - 30, 0.27^
86.48, 0.86 - 440.45, 2.35 - 642.69, 22.71 - 7752.69, 9.68 - 188.33, 9.11 - 210.09 va 17.45 - 303.04 mg/kg vdi gia trj trung binh tuong ling la 9.90, 3.58, 16.21, 98.50, 742.48, 46.69, 54.12, 99.21 mg/kg . Sy bien thien ham lugng kim loai ciia cac mlu phan tich la do sir khac nhau ve mau sac, dang do chai dugc lua chpn nghien cuu. Sy xuat hien da dang cac kim loai trong dd choi nhua duoc giai thich la do Pb va Cd dugc su dung io mau va dn dinh nhiet cho vat lieu nhua [12], Cr ngoai viec tao mau con dugc sii: dung de m^ bao ve be mat vat lieu [9,10], Zn dugc si dung pho bien hien nay de on dinh cau tnic nhua, phu gia chdng chay cho vat lieu nhira va tang thdi gian phat sang mau khi ket hop vdi Cu [8,12]. Ben canh do. As cGng dugo!|k dung lam chat tao mau [9]. Ham luong tong trung binh ciia cac kim loai cd xu hudng tang ddn theo thii tu Cd< As< Pb< Mn< Ni< Cu<
Cr< Zn. Trong do, Zn la kim loai cd gia, tri trung binh Idn nhat con Cd la be nhat Tuy nhien, ket qua nghien ciiu nay tuong dong doi vdi Zn nhung khac biet ddi vdi Pb va Cd khi so sanh vdi ngien ciiu tai Nigeria nam 2010 doi vdi do choi nhua nhap khau tir Trun|
Qudc [11]. Sir khac biet nay cd the la do Pb va Cd trudc day thudng dupe sii dyng pho bien nhu chat dn djnh trong nhua. Tuy nhi&i
V5 Thi LS Ha v^ Dtg Tgp chi KHOA HQC & CONG NGHS 173(13): 59-65 hien nay, Zn da dupe su dung thay th6 cho Pb
va Cd trong vi?c bao ve cSu trtic cua nhua PVC, Pb dugc sir dyng nhu cac chdt ta.o mau va chdt nhugm bing each ket hop vdi Cr [12]
nen ham lupng Pb va Cd cd xu the giam di, Zn va Cr cd xu the tang. Zn dugc su dung trong dd choi nhua dudi dang kgm borate holic kem omadin [8]. Trong cac mlu phan tich cd 20 mau cd ham lugng kim loai cd ham lupng Cr vugt gidi han quy dinh trong TCVN 6238-3:2011. Bdl vi Cr dugc sir dung kha phd bien de lam chjit tao mau trong cac v^t lieu nhua. Mpt s6 chat tao mau tu' Cr ia chi sulphochromate Pb(Cr,S)04 va chi chromate molybdate sulphate Pb(Cr,S,Mo)04 tao nen cac mau sic vang va dd [13]. Dac biet vdi hai mau do choi da quang cd ham lupng kem (Zn) va ddng (Cu) la rit Idn. Dieu nay la do ngoai chiirc nang lam chat 6n dinh, chit tao mau (vang va xanh la nhsit, ngudi ta cdn sir dung sulphate kem ZnS lam chSt n£n va co them ddng de giiip gia tang thdi gian phat sang [5]. Ham lupng kim loai trong cac mlu phan tich cd mau tuoi sang (mau xanh, vang, hong) cd xu hudng Idn hem so vdi cac mlu phan tich cd may dam va toi (den, nan va do) Ham luvng kim loai trong cac mSu d^ cboi kim loai
Ket qua phan tich ham lugng kim loai trong cac mau do choi bang kim loai trong bang 1 cho thay ring, hau hit cac do choi deu xuit hien cac kim loai vdi ham lugng khac nhau.
Ham lugng ciia As (16 -99.38 mg/kg); Cd (0.59-10.88 mg/kg); Pb (18.83-136.58 mg/kg); Cu (101.11-3088 mg/kg); Zn (556.49-172777.78 mg/kg); Mn (127.62 4346.59 mg/kg); Ni (26.51- 266.07 mg/kg) va Cr (129.40- 1237.22 mg/kg) bign thien trong cac mau khao sat. Gia tri ham lupng trung binh cua kim loai nhu As, Cd, Pb, Cu, Zn, Mn, Ni, Cr lin lupt la 45.32, 3.86, 54.34, 934.53, 135064.43, 1070.54, 116.42, 614.20 mg/kg. Dang chii y la Zn ton t^i trong cac may do choi kim ioai vdi ham lugng tuong ddi cao. Ham lupng ciia As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Mn trong cac mau do chgi kim Ioai
trong nghien ciiu nay cao hon so vdi cac do choi trang siic kim loai d Mf [7]. Tuang tu nhu vdi vat lieu nhua, kim loai ciing dugc sii dung nhu cac chat tao mau cho do choi kim logi. So sanh vdi gidi han quy dinh trong TCVN 6238-3:2011, 5 mlu do choi deu cho tdng ham lupng Cr vugt chuin. Digu nay cd the dugc ly giai do ngoai vai trd tao mau, Zn va Cr con dugc su dyng de ma len bh mat cac vSt lieu kim loai khac, tao ra cac Idp phu bao ve va ngan ngira kim loai bi gi. Cr la mpt kim Ioai Cling, gion va co kha nang chdng an mdn rat cao [8]. Vi vay, cd the ndi cac do chai ma kim loEii su dyng pho bien cua Cr va Zn din den ham lupng Zn vk CT chiSm im thS trong cac mau dd choi kim loai [5, 8,13].
Ham liimig kim loai trong cac mau do choi ^ y Bang 1 mo ta ket qua thong ke ve ham lugng cac kim loai trong dd choi bang giiy cho thiy rang, cac kim loai dugc khao sat deu xuat hien trong cac mau dd choi vdi ham lugng trung binh ciia cac kim loEii cd xu hudng giam din theo xu thg Zn> Cr> Cu> Mn> Ni> Cd>
Pb> As. Dang chii y la ham lupng Cr vugt chuin TCVN 6238-3:2011 trong 2 mlu phan tich. Bdi vi Cr dugc su dung kha phd bien d6 lam chat tao mau trong cac do choi giiy. K£t qua phan tich dugc giiia cac dd choi vdi vat lieu khac nhau tuong dong nhau. Trong cac kim logi phat hien trong mau dd choi, ham lugng trung binh ciia Zn la Idn nhat (538.36 mg/kg). Cac kim loai co mat trong giay vdi vai trd nhu cac chat phu gia (chit tgo mau, chat ket dinh...). Mdi chat tao mau dugc tao ra tu su pha trdn ciia nhieu kim Ioai nang khac nhau. Tuy nhien mot so chat tao mau (cd chiia Zn) ngoai viec dupe su dyng dS cai thien cau true va be mat ciia giay cdn dugc su' dung nhu chit ddn va phu ciu tnic dudi dang kem oxide, kem sulphide hoac lithopone (kit qua tir su kit hgp giiia barium sulphate vdi kgm sunphide), Cac chat tao mau ciia Zn va Cd thudng dugc them vao dl tang cudng dp kel dinh hoac cai thien chat lupng ciia giay tai chi [6].
61
Vo Thi L? Hi vd Dtg Tap chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGH$ 173(13): 59-65 Phan tich moi tvong quan giu^ cac kim
lo^i trong do choi
Trong nghien cihi nay, kj thuat phan tich thanh phin chinh (PCA) dugc thuc hien bang phdn mim thdng kl SPSS IBM 20 de xac dinh mdi tuong quan giira cac kim loai trong cac nhom mau do choi vdi cac vat Heu khac nhau (nhua, giiy va kim loai). Ket qua phan tich thSng ke nay dugc the hien d bang 3. Xac djnh cac thanh phin chinh dua tren do Idn cua cac gia tri rieng (Eigen value) va gia trj phan tram tich IQy ciia phuang sai (Accumulative).
Trong phan tich nay, cac thanh phan chinh dupe xac dinh dua tren gia trj rieng (eigen value) Idn han I va cac thanh phan can phai md ta dugc it nhat 80% phan tram tich tiiy phuong sai [14].
Tii ket qua phan tich thong ke d bang 3 cho thay, cac mau trong ca 3 dang vat lieu deu xac djnh dugc 8 thanh phan vdi gia trj phan tram phuang sai (variance) va gia tri rieng (eigen value) khac nhau nhu Fl, F2, F3, F4, F5, F6, F7, F8. Tuy nhien, nhdm do chgi bang giay va kim loai cd cimg mpt xu the ve mdi tuong quan va cung sd lupng thanh phan chinh. Ca hai nhom deu xac djnh 3 thanh phan chinh Fl, F2 va F3 cd gia trj phan tram phuang sai Ian lugt la 43.58 %, 26.64 % va 25.12%, chiem 95.35% tich liiy cua phuang sai va cac gia trj rieng Idn hon 1. Ket qua xac djnh dg tgp trung cua cac biSn theo khong gian khong gian dugc bieu dien d hinh 1 (a va c). Nhom Fl bao gom Cr, As, Mn. Nhdm F2 bao gom Cd va Pb. Nhdm F3 bao gdm Zn va Ni. Dieu nay cd the ly giai rang, cac kim loai thugc cimg nhdm c6 the cung mgt nguon phat sinh nhu Zn va Ni cd the ciing dupe sii' dung dl 6n djnh nhiet. Cr, As va Mn dugc sir dung dl tao mair. Pb va Cd ciing su dung de giu' mau va tang dp on djnh ve cau true [8,12]. Cac kim loai nay co th£ dupe su dung trong qua trinh san xuat dd choi hogc tir vat li?u tai chi. Tii ket qua thong ke chilt xuat tir bang 2 va hinh 1 (a, c), se xay dung moi tuong quan giua cac
thdng so trong mau va cac thanh phan chinh dugc thi hien d phuong trinh nhu sau:
Fl = 0.95 Mn + 0.912 As + 0,912 Cr-I- 0.007 Cd -1-0.369 Pb-0.17INi-0.477Cu-0.344Zn F2 = -0.19 Mn + 0.32 As + 0.401 Cr+0.994 Cd + 0.92Pb-0.197Ni + 0.14ICu-0.47Zn F3 - -0.10 Mn - 0.05 As + 0.37 Cr - 0.086 Cd - 0.35 Pb + 0.96 Ni - 0.780 Cu + 0.753 Zn Ddi vdi nhdm do choi bing nhua cung dugc phan tich thdng ke tuong tu dugc the hien is bang 2 va md phdng do tap trung ciia cac biin theo khong gian d hinh 1 (b). Tuy nhien, ket qua CO su khac biet ve sd lugng thanh phdn chinh d6i vdi nhdm dd chgi bang giay va kim loai nhung thanh phan kim loai trong cac nhdm cd su tuong ddng. Bdn thanh phan chinh Fl, F2, F3 va F4 cd gia trj phan tram phuong sai lin lugt la 25.18 %, 24.49 %, 15.94%, 14.04%, chiim 79.67 % tich liiy cua phuong sai. Nhdm Fl bao gom Cu va Zn;
Nhom F2 bao gdm Cd va Pb; Nhdm F3 bao gdm As va Mn va Nhom 4 gdm Cr. Ket qua phan tich th6ng ke xac djnh thanh phan chinh (bang 2) va do tap trung cua cac bien theo khdng gian d hinh 1 (b) se xay dung mfii tuang quan giiia cac thdng sd trong mau va cac thanh phan chinh dugc the hien d phuong trinh nhu sau:
Fl = 0.025 As - 0.073 Cd + 0.014 Pb + 0.858CU + 0.938 Zn + 0.033 Mn + 0.456 Ni - 0.081 Cr
F2 = -0.041 As -I- 0.904 Cd -i- 0.905 Pb + 0.021 Cu - 0.095 Zn -i- 0.263 Mn + 0.039Ni- 0.025 Cr
F3 = 0.894 As + 0.075 Cd -i- 0.105 Pb + 0.258 Cu-O.lllZn+ 0.816 Mn-0.155 Ni +0.094 Cr F4 = -0.016 As - 0.036 Cd + 0.035 Pb + 0.19ICU - 0.109 Zn + 0.029 Mn + 0.585 Ni + 0.911 Cr
KET LUAN
41 mau do choi gdm nhua, kim logi va giay trong nghien ciru nay diu phat hiln ham lupng kim loai ngng (As, Cd, Pb, Cu, Zn, Mn, 62
V6 Thj LS Hi vd Dtg Tap chf KHOA HQC & CONG NGHfi 173(13): 59 - 65 Ni va Cr) vdi khoang biin thien Idn. Trong dd dugc dugc thay the bdi Pb, Cr dupe ung dung 27 mau cd ham lugng Cr vugt gidi hgn quy rpng rai tao mau ddi vdi san pham dd choi dinh trong TCVN 6238. Ham lugng cac kim phat sang nen Cr va Zn cd xu thi chiem uu logi trong nhom do chai vat lieu kim loai co thi trong cic mau dd choi. Vi vgy, tilm Sn rui xu hudng Idn han so vdi cac nhdm do choi ro ve siic khde doi vdi cac kim logi trong cac vat lieu nhua va giay. Phan tich moi tuong mSu do choi cin dugc kilm soat chat che de quan giiia cac kim loai giiia cac nhdm vat lieu bao ve siic khde doi vdi the he tuong lai.
cho thiy nhdm (Zn va Ni) cd thi dugc s* LCJI CAM ON. Tgp thi tac gia xin chan thanh dyng trong dn dinh nhiet, nhdm (Cr, As) dugc ^am on Trudng DHBK Ha Noi va Vien ling dung tao mau va nhdm (Pb,Cd) sir dung K H & C N Moi Trudng vi hd trg tai chinh va gi& mau va tang su dn djnh ve cau true vat ^o sd vat chit dl chiing tdi hoan thanh nghien lieu. Tuy nhien xu the hien nay khi Zn se g,^ nj^y
Bing 1. Ham lut?ng luong kim logi trong cdc mdu dd chai a Hd ngi trong nghien cuu nay (mg/kg) (n=41)
Max Min Mean D6 I6ch chuan
30.0 1.84 9.90 7.1
25.72 0.27 3.58 5.5
44.45 0.86 16.21 3.07
642.69 2.35 98.50 12.8
7752.69 22.71 742.48 15.9
188.33 9.68 46.69 8.84
210.09 9.11 54.12 4.48
303.04 17.45 99.21 5.45 Giay
Kim loai
TCVN 6238- 3:2011
Max Min Mean Do lech chuan Max Min Mean Do lech chuan
13.64 5.01 8.86 4.16 99.38 16.00 45.32 3.04 25
Bing 2. Ham lircrng luffng Nglli
Tai lieu in citu/
tham Icliao Tho Nhi Ky [2]
Thai Lan [4]
B i c M J [ 7 ] An Da [9]
Nige r i a [ I I ] As
1.04- 207
65.14 0.20 22.80 11.24 10.88 0.59 3.86 4.03 75
• kim loai Cd 0.37- 21.11
0.06- 771 0.01- 0.11 0.5- 373.33
26.03 3.76 12.53 11.07 136.58 18.83 54.34 9.7 90
168.01 50.36 130.01 15.06 3088.59 101.11 934.53 9.1
1250.05 154.17 538.36 10.03 172777.78
556.49 135064.43
18.1 185,57 42.44 105.81 7 33 4346.59
127.62 1070.54 9.31
184,46 6.33 76.24 5.4 266.07
26.51 116.42
9.12 696,34 25.39 289.34 8,5 1237.22
129.40 614.20 15.16 60
trong cdc mdu eld cfiai vdt lieu nhua tren Ifte giai (tng/ltg) Ham iu0ig (Don vl: mg/kg)
Pb 0.03- 1.78 3.01- 4486.1:
0.88- 76.5 0.29- 1.12 2.5- 1445
Cu
1 0.15-
338
1 2 - 93.67
Zn
0.12- 1.11 266.6- 20043.3
Mn
0.02- 13.7 0.99- 1.07 6.17- 36.67
NI 0.37- 21.11
0.3- 22.3 0.25- 1.09 31.17- 119.67
Cr
0.18- 329 0.22- 1.04 5.00- 191.67
Vo Thj Lc Ha va Big Tap chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHS Bang 3. KSt qud piidn tich thdng he dixdc dinh thanh phdn chinh cho cdc
F l F2 F3 F4 F5 F6
173(13) 59-65 liim loai trong dd chai
F7 F8
Do choi bang kim loai Eigenvalue
Variance (%) Cumulative (%)
3.487 43.581 43.581
2.132 26.649 70.230
2.010 0.372 3.552E-16 25.120 4.650 4.440E-I5 95.350 100.000 100.000
6.398E-19 7.998E-18 100 000
-2.144E-16 -2.680E-15 100.000
-1.354E.I -1.692E.1 lOO.OOO Do choi bang nhua
Eigenvalue Variance(%) Cumulative (%)
2.015 25.185 25.185
1959 24.492 49.677
1.276 1.124 .716 15.947 14.045 8.954 65.625 80.670 88.624
.440 5.506 94.130
.315 3.933 98.062
.155 1.931 lOO.OOO Do choi bang giiy
Eigenvalue Variance (%) Cumulative (%)
3.487 43.581 43,581
2.132 26.649 70.230
2.010 0.372 3.552E-16 25.120 4.650 4.440E-15 95.350 100.000 100.000
6.398E-19 7.998E-18 100.000
-2.144E-16 -2.680E-15 100.000
-1.354E-t -1.692E-1 lOO-IKD Variance (%)' Phdn tram dia phuang sai; Accumulative (%) Phdn tram tich luy cua
Hinh 1. Component plot TAI LIEU T H A M K H A O 1. Bg Khoa hoc va Cong nghe (2013), Bdo cio tong ket thanh tra dien rpng ve do choi tre em.
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A B S T R A C T
O C C U R R E N C E A N D C O R R E L A T I O N O F H E A V Y M E T A L I N C H I L D R E N ' S T O Y I N H A N O I
Vo Thi Le Ha', Nguyen Thi Thu Hang^"
'Hanoi University of Science and Technology,
^University of Agriculture and Forestry - TNU 41 samples (paper, iron and plastic toys) were taken in Hanoi andanalysied total concentration of heavy metal by ICP-iVIS. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was used to determine the correlation of lieavy metal in toy samples. The results showed that eight heavy metals were occured in all observed samples. Paper and metal toys have three main components, whereas plastic toys have four main components, but the elements of main components were similar. The positive correlation results revealed that, Zn and Ni can be used in thermal stabilization, whereas Pb and Cd for endure the material stmcture.
Keywords; Toys, Correlation. Heavy metal, CPA. ICP-MS
Ngay nhpi bii: 08/9/2017; Ngay phdn biin: 22/9/2017; Ngay duyet ddng: 30/11/2017 Tel: 0919 962586, Email: hanglnvn^tuafedu.v.
