< AN TOAN GIAO THONG - GIAO THONG 0 0 THI Tap Chi GTVT 1+2/2012 1 1
GIAI PHAP THAY DOI HINH THUfC VE LlTOfT VA VE THANG N H A M N A N G CAO CHAT LO^tfNG PHUC VU CHO VTCC BANG XE BUYT HA NOI.
ThS. NGUYEN MANH HUNG Trtfdng Dai hqc Cdng nghi GTVT.
I. Dat van de.
Trong 10 thang nam 2011, san lupng van chuyen hanh khaeh bdng xe buyt eua Ha Ndi dgl tren 337 trieu lupt khdeh, ehiem 93% long sdn lUOng van chuyen hanh khach loan mgng, du kien ca nam se vgn chuyen duoc 410 theu lupt hanh khach. Theo sd lieu lhdng ke lupng hanh khach sU
dung djch vu van ldi hanh khach cdng cpng (VTHKCC) bSng xe buyt chd yeu trong khu vUe Ha Ndi cu (chiem tdi 78%), trong khi sd hanh khdeh dang sinh sdng tgi khu vue Ha Tay (eu) ehi chiem khodng 11%. Ddng thdi hanh khach sU dung xe buyt da sd la hpc sinh-sinh vien (ehiem 65%), cdng nhdn (15%), edng chUc, vien ehUe (8%) vdi muc dieh chuyen di ' ehil yeu la di hpc va di lam (chiem
• 59%). Hien nay, xe buyt Ha Npi dap Ung dupc khodng 10% nhu cSu di Igi eua ngudi dan.
Vdi eon sd thdng ke tren, de thuc hien dupc mue ' lieu den nSm 2020, VTHKCC Ha Npi ed the dap Ung dupe 25% nhu eau di Igi cda ngudi dan can cd nhieu gidi phap ddng bp. Ben eanh gidi phap nang cao nSng luc eung Ung, viee nang eao chat lupng dich vu, khuyen khieh hdn nUa nhu eau sU dung phuong lien VTCC ndi Chung va phuong tien van tai xe buyt ndi rieng eua ngUdi dan Ha Ndi cung la giai phap quan trpng khdng I'.em. NhOng gidi phap giiip ngudi dan tiep cdn xe buyt thuan tien, d l dang can dupe nghien eUu ky hdn.
Ciing vdi nhUng gidi phap khac, viee thay ddi he thdng ve lupt va ve thdng hien nay vdi mue tieu trude mdt giup ngudi dan tiep can xe buyt thuan tien hdn eung la gidi phap can dupc nghien cUu. Vdi quan diem tren, bai bdo trinh bay mdt sd giai phap cu the dua ra se giiip eho hanh khach d i dang hdn trong vide ehpn lua tuyen xe buyt, ddng thdi sU dung ldi Uu vd xe buyt cua minh. Khdng nhUng vay nd cd the giiip doanh nghiep vdn tdi nang eao dupe doanh thu.
il. Npi dung.
2.1. Hiqn trang ha thdng vi sddqng trong VTCC bing xe buyt tai thinh phd Hi Nqi.
CSn cU theo Quyel dinh 35/2005/QD-UB ve viec dieu chinh gia ve VTHKCC bdng xe buyt tren dja ban Thanh phd Ha Ndi, hien nay eo eau vd va gia ve dang dupe dp dpng bao gdm ve thang (don tuyen, lien
tuyen) va ve lupt (theo quang dudng va toan tuyen).
Ve hinh thUe ve hien dang sU dung chu yeu ve gia'y, ngodi ra hinh thUc the SMART CARD cung mdi Ung dung thi die'm tren luyen 32, tuy nhien chua dupe dp dung rdng rai. Cac hinh thdc vd hien nay dupe trinh bay nhu trong bang 2.1 .ThS
Bang 2-1: Cic loai vi sd dtfng trong VTCCbing xe buyt Ha Nqi
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Khong \cu c.'iii ^hiy li'f ciia c;i nhan
Ca nhan lam ihc. co dan aiih ghi cdc Ihonglin Ircii ilie
('a nhan laui Ihe. cu diin anh ghi LIIL lhong tin tren Ihc
Nhan \ieii kiem soat \ e . biin \ e \a \e \ e khi hanh khiich Icn xc iinia \ c
Difdc kicm soit khi Icn xc bdng m^t ciia iihaii Men kicm w\\ \c
]Mk kieni soal khi len \e bAng mai ciia nhan vicn kicm SOiit \ e .
2.1.1. Ve lUdt:
La logi hinh vd phd bien nha't hien nay, hinh thUe ban ve id khi hanh khdeh len xe, nhan vien phu xe ban ve va thu tien vdi mUe gid vd dupe quy djnh nhu sau:
Vdi eae luyen ed cu ly van chuye'n dudi 25km va cac tuyen trong ndi thanh la 3.OOOd
- Vdi cae luyen ed eu ly van chuyen lU 25 den dudi 30 km Id 4.000 d/ve
Vdi ede tuyen ed cu ly van chuye'n lU 30 km trd len la 5.000 d/ve
Ve lupt chi cd the' sU dung tren 1 tuyen va chi ed gia trj tren mpt hanh trinh cu the.
2.1.2. Ve thing:
Theo ddi tupng sU dung, ve thang dUpc phan ra lam 2 logi
Ve lhdng ban eho ddi tupng Uu tien (gdm hpc sinh phd thdng, hpc sinh trung hpc chuyen nghiep, dgy nghe (khong ke can bd, bd dpi di hpc) va sinh vien cac trudng dgi hpc, cao dang), mUc gia cho eae ddt tupng nay la:
. Gia vd thang 1 tuyen: 25.000 d/ve/thang . Gia ve thang lien luyen: 50.000 d/ve/thang - Vd thdng ban cho ddi tupng khdng Uu lien, mUc gia eho eae ddi tupng nay Id:
. Gia ve thang di 1 tuyen: 50.000 d/ve/thang . Gia ve thang lien tuyen: 80.000 d/ve/thang.
Ngoai ra, rieng vdi luyen 54: Long Bien - BSc Nmh edn ed quy djnh rieng.
ItuM. TUituK '7tiU 20/2
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AN TOAN GIAO THONG - GIAO THONG DO TH!Tap nam danh cho ddi tupng hoe sinh, sinh vien:
menh gia 84.000d/tap (1 lap = 60 vd) ed thdi hgn sU dung trong nSm va eo gia Irj di tren tat ca tuyen xe buyt cd tro gia.
Tap nSm danh eho ddi tupng hanh khdch khac:
+ Menh gia 90.OOOd tap (tap = 30 ve) dUPe sU dung tudng Ung vdi vd luot cd menh gia 4.000d/lupl.
+ Menh gid 112.500d/lap (lap = 30 vd) dUpe sCl dung tuong Ung vOi ve lUOl cd menh gia 5.000d/IUPl.
2.1.3. Nhin xet
• Uu diem ciia he lhdng ve dang dp dung hien nay:
Viec phat hanh ve la rat ddn gian.
Thue hien thit edng.
Gidi quyel duqe bai toan lao ddng.
Nhupc diem cua he thdng ve dang ap dung hien nay:
Do khdng mudn mat them chi phi nen khach hang cd gSng sao cho sil dung it luyen van tdi nhat vi vdy lam ldng nhu cau ciia nhOng tuyen nhat djnh.
Do khdng mudn mat them chi phi nen khach hang cd gSng sao eho sd dung it tuyen van tai nhail ndn thdi gian chd dpi ciia khach hang cd the' bj ISng ndn, vi vay dan tdi su lang phi eho ngudn lUc xa hdi ddng thdi gidm chat lUpng dich vy xe buyt.
. Khd khSn cho cdng tac thanh tra gidm sal dge bidt vao giO cao diem do hoan loan thuc hien thii cdng, dd phat smh tieu cue. khdng kiem soal chinh xdc lupng khach.
Gay ra su that thoat doanh thu cho doanh nghiep van tdt.
2.2. Giii phip dua ra
De khSc phpc nhUng nhupc diem tren ddng thdi phal huy nhdng uu diem ciia he lhdng ve hien tai, tdi cho rSng VTCC bSng xe buyt trong giai dogn hien nay vSn cd thd' sU dung 2 loai ve dd la: ve lupt va ve thang. Tuy nhidn, de thuan tten hon cho hdnh khach.
ve lupt va ve thang deu cd nhung dSc diem khae biel so vdi trudc day. Nhung dSc diem cu the cua cac logi ve nay duoc trinh bay nhu trong bdng 2.2.
Dge diem cu the eua cae loai ve nay theo giii phap dUa ra la:
- Ve lUdt: NhU trong bang 2.2, ve lupt dupc phSn thanh 2 loai Id vd lupt theo thdi gian va ve lupt theo tuyen.
Ve lupt theo thdi gian la vd ed gia trj trong khoSng thdi gian nhat dinh. Vide xac djnh thdi gian trung binh eua ve can cSn cU vao eU ly di Igi binh quan cita hanh khach so vdi van tde IU hanh binh quan cua phuong tien. Trong logi ve nay ehiing ta eung cd the phSn thanh cac logi khgc nhau theo tieu chi thdi gian (ehSng hgn chiing ta ed the' phan tiep thanh: logi 1 ve cd gia trj trong 20 phut, loai 2 ve cd gia tri trong 40 phut..). Khaeh hang cd the mua vd d bd't ky dSu, nhung khi hdnh khaeh bSt dau sir dung phuong lien bp phgn kie'm tra se ghi thdi diem nen xe cua hanh khaeh va nhuvay, hdnh khach ed the' sil dung venjy tu thdi die'm an djnh tren eho ldi khi he't thdi gian ghi tren ve cung ed the' bd phan kie'm tra can cU vao thdi gian len xe eiia hanh khdeh, ddi ehieu vdi Ihdi gian hieu lue ghi tren ve vd ghi thdi diem het hieu lUc cua ve. Trong thdi gian hieu IUc eua ve, hdnh khach cb the sU dung nhieu tuyen xe buyt khde nhau.
Ve luot theo tuyen. Id logi vd lupt nhu hien nay dang phal hanh. Tuy nhien de tranh nham l i n vdi ve thdi gian, ve tuyen can ghi eu the ve sU dung tuydn n^o.
Ngudi mua ed the mua d bat ky ddu, nhung khi bSt dSu si/ dung len phUPng tien thi bd phgn kiem tra ghi thdi die'm va tuyen ma ngudi dd dang sU dung len ve.
- Ve thang: De' Ihuan lien hdn cho khach hang, toi thiet nghT ehung ta nen loai bd vd thang 1 tuyen ma cht sd dung ve lien tuyen. Ddng thdi phat hanh v6 thang theo ihOi gian, va ta't nhien nhOng hanh khdch mua Ihdl gian cdng dai thi se dupe Uu lien gidm gia.
Vdi each lam nay chung ta ed the tgo dieu kien d§
dang hon eho bp phdn kie'm tra.
Ngoai ra cung gidng nhu he thdng ve hien nay, ddi lupng sU dung VTCC bSng xe buyt cung dUPc chia thanh hai ddi tupng la: ddi lUpng Uu lien va ddi lUOng
khdng dupe uu lien. Trong dd, ddi tupng Bing 2-2: Cic loai vd luqt cd thisu dtfng trong VTCC bing xe buyt du tten gdm: hpc sinh phd thdng, hpc
smh trung hpc chuydn nghiep, dgy nghe (khdng ke can bp, bp dpi di hpc) vd sinh vien ede trudng dgi hpc, cao dang).... Cac ddi tUpng khdng dddc i/u tien la nhdng ddi tupng cdn Igt. Tuy nhien sU khac biet d day so vdi tri/cic day. Id nhUng ddi tUOng Uu lien dupc dp dung cho ed ve lupt. Nhdng ddi tu- png Uu lien ludn phdi mang theo trong minh nhOng giay td chUng minh minh thudc ddi tupng dupe Uu tien. Hdn nOa, theo tdi cae logi ve xe buyt c l n phan biet dUOc khu vUc sU dung. Viec phSn loai nay giup eac nha van tdi tinh loan bii dSp nhdng chi phi eho nhiJng tuyen van tai ed eu ly qua Idn. Nhu hien nay.
he lhdng xe buyt hien tgi da phSn thanh xe buyt ndi dd va xe buyt kd cSn.
2.3. Nhan xit vi glal phip dtfa ra.
- Uu diem:
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• Im Inng la thai id , - b - g ton irong nguoi khac' Lam bao ma vay sao'' l^n^-g -QM trong ngubi Khac ma doi dl lam cong luan a"
That la buc mmh truoc ^leu noi nang long ngon.
day doi ay tbi hieu ia •hong r^^n gay voi con nguo nay nen da lanh lung bao
- Xin Ibi anh' Chang qua uc nay tbi chua kip noi va cung chua biet noi the nao ;nb chu ^hbng phai tbi coi thuong anh Toi con chua ca nhm duoc mat anh ma'
• Vay thl dot lua len ma nn.n nhau' Cb Khong dam hy smh mot chut \ I moi nguo a^
- La sao^
- Thl nhung tai neu cua cb ay' Co co the can rang lay ra vai to ma nhom lua. dem hoi am cho moi nguo k h o n g ' ' Nguoi ta con co t^'e hv smh nhung cai cao quv. tham chi hv smh tat ca \ i dong loai Cb khong dam bo dl mot vai to ma b - g cno la tai heu quy ay hay sao'' Hen qua'
Cunq mav ma luc a\ \ n b n c hieu sao tbi lai dot
xua; mat tmh, Kip ngn; den cau biet minh biet nguoi tram, tran tram thang". Toi dam lung tung truoc ldi kii tdl vb ly cua anh ta. Loi le cua ho cay nghiet den dc toi Khong chiu dung dubc, phai can rang lay ravaitu neu can thiet de nhom liia, mac du tiec den dut ruot, Anh bb dbi dang giub tOi cat di nhung lai lieu con la. Dong liia bat d a ^ bung len, mpi ngubi deu xum lai, dua tay ho ho suoi am Hanh khach tu cac loa ben canh cung tap nap cnay sang, Toa den ciia chung toi bong dung trb thanh ;am diem cua con tau. Mot cupc hja trai dl dong dubc dien ra vbi niem vui ngap Iran ma chac the gian chi co ian nay Cai anh chang day dbi luc nay bong oung tro thanh m b l truong ban to Chuc cho cube lua trai Su deo mom cua anh ta qua a duoc viec .Anh ta \ ua lam MC viia hb hao van dpng moi ngubi tham g.a, Khbng hieu anh ta lam cach nao ma mo ra duoc he; cac ;ai nang van nghe tham gta vao dem lua trai A n - ;a dung truoc dong lua. tay dua
en gia lam micb va no: .ien thoang:
Ngon lua da duoc tnap ien nho mot chien si quan dbi nhan dan Vie; Nam, 'Anh bb dbi Cu Ho" da tung dung cam xong oha trong lua dan quan thu. lap nen nhung chien cong li.en hach. Nay anh da dung cam
\ uot qua gia ret de dem ^ e cho chung ta bo cui nghia tinh nay day V a n g ' Mot lan nua chung ta vb tay hoan nghenh ngubi anh hung cua Chung ta'
Gio oac van u u thbi gua nhung khoang ciia trong khbng hoang lanh Thi thoang tiing con gio lam nhung dom than loe len. khien cho chung toi nhin duoc nhap nhoang guong mat tu lu' ciia nhau.
- Tbi se Viet mbt truyen ngan • Anh bd ddi chot len tieng - Lmn chung toi gap nhung cube the nay la the nao cung ra duoc mbt truyen n g i n
• Anh cung hay viet truyen ngan a'' - Tbi hoi lai - Thmh thoang. viet dang tren bao tuong dai doi thoi' - Cu gi dang b dau' Tbi tham gia vao cau chuyen - Tbi thinh thoang cung tap toe viet truyen ng^n nhung khi doc !ai t h i . chang dam gili di dau.
• Vay thi chung ta se cung viet nhe! Anh bd doi bao - mbt truyen ngan co nhan vat la nhung ngubi tren chuyen tau 30 Tet de nho ve mot dem Giao thua
CO mbt khonq hai" nav Zi
GIAI PHAP THAY OOI
xe c
.•-?o .'ranp cc iec mua ve to tuyen xe buyt
* Rat thuan loi 0*^0 ^ - a c - viec lua chon loai ve va t^ye^
* Chia se nnu cau \ a - :a Nhac nhau
- Tb' uu hoa ch. Qi^ c^: •<
- Nang cao chat 'uo-g c-u - Giam c'^^ p- s a - -^ua; c do.inh ngh.ep va-^ ta -.•^b-q
nnu nhan v.en ban ..e r-a; ba.; Ve co the" duoc mua o oat N\ dau Chang ha^^ nn^ q'a \ c ^ c5ieh. nhunq cua
;acn :^ao -
G ,-:-- --.v •••ca; b o a - - :-u c-o boanh nghiep r- - a - g
. VTCC bang xe bu'/t.
:cann nghiep van ta o'b ngu phu xe cung
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Nhuoc d i e m :
- K-c CO ; - e a - '.a', c a - dau tu mbl
Tang chi phi thanh tra giam sat cho doanh nghieo van ;a
III. Nhan x e l .
. \ h „ q"a t.'.nn pay 6 tren, voi giai phap dua ra chung ta CO rat nhieu uu diem tuy vay cung con ton tai nhung nhuoc diem nhat dmh Mbt nhubc diem lon nhat ciia giai bhap la can mbt ludng von rat Idn cho viec dautu he thong kiem soat tu ddng, Tuy nhien, han che nay trong giai doan hien nay khong phai la van de qua nghiem trong do So giao thong van tai Ha Nbi trong thoi gian qua cung qa trmh UBND thanh pho ve dil an xay dung he thong ve xe buyt tu dong Thiet nghi VOI nhung uu diem giai phap neu ra, viec nghien ciiu de lua chon mot he thong ve xe buyt tu dong phu hop cung la rat can thiet,
Viec nghien cuu de dua ra mbt chmh sach gia ve hop ly can duoc nghien cuu cu the va can duoc linh toan boi cac chuyen gia dau nganh, Nhung y tuong CO ban duoc tac gia tnnh bay trong bai bao tiep theo 3
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