NGHIEN Cl/U - TRAO DOI
Xay dUhg phong each can bo Doan Thanh nien hien nay
(GAN VOl VIEC j m HIEN CHI THI 05 CUA BO CHINH TRI VE D^Y MANH HOC TAP VA LAM THEO
vsviim, DAO o0c, PHONO CACH HO cni M I N H )
• GS, TS MACH QUANG THANG HQC vi$n Chfnh tri qudc gia Hd Chi Minh
Hpc tap Hfi CM Minh la hpe tap mpt each toan difn c& ve tu tudng, dgo dfte, phong c&eh cua Ngudi.
Trong qufi trinh hpc tap do, can chu y van dyng va phat triln v&o didu kifn cu the cua tftng Ifte, timg noi,' phti hgp vdi hing dfii tupng. Ddi vdi dfi ngii can bp, doan vign Doan Thanh nidn Cdng san Ho Chi Minh ciing vgy, khdng nen va khdng till van dung mdt each cftng nhic, mfi ph&i van dung mdt c&ch sat hgp v& phai lufin dugc bfi sung, phfit triln vao bong tiing chuang ttinh hanh dfng eiia tftng giai dogn.
Trong phgm vi, yeu cau Men nay ciia phong tr&o Doan Thanh mdn, tac gi& da neu 5 nfii dung chu yeu ve xay dyng phong each cCia ngudi c&n bg Dofin, dd la: Phong e&eh suy nghi va hanh dpng; phong each lam vifc; phong each diln dat; phong each ftng xft; phong c&ch sinh hogt.
1. Xfiy dyng phong cfich suy nghi vfi bfinh dfng s&Dgtgo
Sy s&ng tgo bao gid ciing bufc con ngudi ta luon tim toi, si^ ngM (K hfinh dfng cho dui^. Ho d l i Minh rat chu trpng tdi kinh ngMfm ciia bfin thfin va cfta ngudi kh&c, nhung Ngirdi cung Iuu y Ifi khong nan cd ldi suy ngM bit chudc tiieo ngudi Idiac. Sang tao bong tu duy Ho CM Minh la d tinh thin ke flifta dli vdi nhung cii tot caa rOiiing ngudi khac. Mpt s l ngirdi cho do la sy 'Vupt gfp", tftc la gQp tk ca nhftng gi Ifi tot d?p, tinh tuy da CO tnrdc ban than minh dl vwpt Ien pMa trade nhim phyc vu cho sy ngMfp cich mang.
Didu nay da dugc nMlu nhfi tu tudng neu len tir lau:
The hf sau phai bilt dung lgn vai nhung ngudi khong 16 di triEx tM xa hpi mdi phat triln dupc.
Hpc tap va vfin dung phong each Hd CW Minh vao vifc xay dyng phong each can bf Doan, cln chii y:
1.1. Ngudi cdn bd Dodn mudn xdy dung dugc phong cdch suy nghi sdng tgo thi tmdc hit phdi xudt phdt tit thifc te tinh hinh thirc tgi
Tinh hinh do till Mfn tien may dilm: (1) Tinh Mnh Chung ciia tiidi cufc till gidi; (2) Tinh Mnh bong nudc;
(3) Dge bift la tinh Mnh thyc tai ciia dia phirong minh, nganh minh va dac bift niia la tinh Mnh cu till cua ^ chftc Dofin noi minh phu tr&ch. Mpi sy suy ngin vS hanh dfng sang tao ciia ngirdi c&n bf Doan phm # • tren c&i ngn vung chle la Wfn thyc ciia cufc song. Neu thoat ly thye tm ciia cugc sing flti sy s&ng tao do trong suy ngM va hanh dpng co thi se trd tiiSnh viin vdng, duy y cM.
1.2. Dong thdi, su suy nghi vd hdnh ^ngsdngUfd cm ngudi cdn 6p Dodn cdn cdn dgt trong yiu cmi phdt triin cua phong trdo cdch mgng ciia thanh niin Sfing tgo mfi lai thoat ly khoi yeu cau ciia phong trao c&ch mgng tM sang tao i y la sai hudng. Huongo day la dudng loi, chft traong, nghi quylt cua Ding (cac cap) va ciing Ifi nghi quyet ciia t l chftc Doin Thanh mgn.
/. 3. Sice sdng tgo cda mdi ngitdi khong phdi Id cM., tir bin ngodi dua vdo, md chinh Id phong cdch dd chinh bdn thdn ngudi cdn bd Dodn xdy dipig nen
V vay, ngudi can bf Doin phai thudng xitygn hpc tap nang cao trinh df ve mpi mgt, dac bif t la nhiing tri
1 0 1 W mill CHINH TRI VA TRUTft THONG - s f 3/2017
NGHIEN COrU - TRAO D 6 !
tiiftc lidn quan den luih vyc ma ban tiian minh phy tr&ch, nunh cfing tac, trong do co 1^ nang Ianh dao cdng t&c Doan; dong tiwi, ph&i dni y luon bi duong dgo dftc cfieh mang theo guong Ho Clii Minh va cac vi each mang Idiac.
Chiing ta ngn Mgt ling, sd (fi HO CM Minh cd Aigc tu duy dfc lap, ty chft, s&og tgo la vl Ngudi c6 phim chat tfit v& nang lyc dli dao, mfi bigu Wfn d hai £gm chft yeu la ban lmh cao cudng va tri tuf min tifp. C^
dugc kit qua do la do ca mft qu& tiinh hpc tap, tu dudn^ ren hiyfn cua ca cupc ^ H6 CM Minh. Ngucri da hpc t ^ sudt ddi, hgc d mpi hie, mgi noi de co mpt tri tuf sang suit Hfi d i i Minh ty lam chu cupc sing cua minh va luon chu trpng vifc ren luyen, to duong dgo dftc c&ch mgng. Vfi do nhung dilu do, Hfi CW N4inh c6 dugc ban luih chinh tri viing vang trong xft Iy mli quan hf dfii vdi nhiing ngudi xung quanh, dli vdli^iig vifc, va ty minh lam chu ban thfin minh trong cufc sing.
2. Xay dyng phong each gin gui quin cbung, lam vifc mft cfieh diln ch&, khoa hpc
2.1.Leldi, tdc phong gdn g^ quan tuning Phong c&ch lam vifc gan giii cpian chui^ cua Ho CM Minh xult phat tu myc dich hoat dfng cua Dang vfi xuit ph&t tii tu each ciia mft dang vien cgng san, tu each ciia mpt ngudi each mgng. Cling nbu vfy,
£)oan Thanh nien la mft td chftc co ciing muc £ch vdi DSng, do vgy, yeu cau can bf Doan cting phai co le loi, tac phong gSn giii quan chiing.
May diem chu y:
(1) "(Juan chung" d day dugc hiiu la nhan dan V ^ Nam, pham vi hep trong cdng tac Doan la dong dao thanh nien Vft Nam.
(2) CBr^ nhu Hfi CM Minh coi ngudi cfin bo, dang vien ciia Dang la "cong bf c", la "day td" cua nhan dan, ngirdi can bf Doan ciing phai coi minh la day td cua mpi thanh men.
(3) dimh vi till, ngudi cfin bf Doan phai co ll lli, tac phong gin giii vdi mpi ngudi, tmdc hit vdi dfi ngu thanh men noi minh cu tru va cong tac. Co nhu vfiy mdi Mlu duoc mft cich sau sat ddi sing, tam tu nguyfn vpng ciia nhan dfin, cua thanh rd%a, de ciing voi toan Dang, tofin Doan hoat dfng vi lgi ich cua nhfin dan noi chung va cua tfaanh nidn ndi rieng.
2.2. Phong cdch ldm viic mgt cdch ddn chu
• Trong cugc ddi hogt dfing each mgng cfta minh, Hd d l i Nfinh c6 nbung cpiylt £b)&n mang tinh cfi nhSn rit diing din. £>6 cimg la sy tiiim nhuin tu tudng mfi Ngudi dl ra ttong ngi dung tu each ciia mpt ngudi each mang ngay tft nam 1927 bor^ cufin sach Dudng kdch minh, ("Lam vifc phai (Juylt (to&n"). KW tinh Mnh each mang Vft Nam d vao hoan canh ^ bift, cd nhung tinh hufing can cd sy quyet dodn mau 1$, H I CM Minh da neu cao tinh thin tr&ch n W ^ trade To C|ulc dl hanh dfng. Vln dl tt€n day khdng co ^ mfiu tiiuin vdi c&ch lam vifc dan chii cua Ngudi.
Hpc t ^ phong each Hfi CM Minh, xin neu len mft s l nfi duB^ xay dyng phong each lam viec mpt c&ch dan chu ciia ngudi can bp D o ^ nhu sau:
(1) Ton trpng va tuan tiiu nguyen tic sinh hoat ciia t l chuc DoaiL Ngirdi cin bf (±u tri, hogc chu tpa trong cac cudc sinh hogt ciia t l chftc Doan phfii thyc sy dfin chu de khcri day va thu nhfin c&c ^ kiln cfta doan vien, tiianh nien, tranh raft so bilu Men ihd a chinh trj ciia
±anh Mgn. Phfii ton bpng t ^ till, phat huy tmh thin dan chii, thyc Mfn dung nguyen tac t|p tmng dfin chii, tgp till lanh dgo cfi nhan phy trach, "trong luc th&o luan, mpi ngudi dupc hoan toan ty do pb&t bilu y kiln, du dung hogc khong dm^f'*.
(2) Ty minh phe binh va phe binh nhung hanh vi phan dan chii bong cong tfie ciia dfing cW nunh. Ho CM Minh rat chu trong din ty phg bWh vfi phg binh tren tinh thin thing thfin, trung thyc, "rao rilt, trift dl, thgt tiifi, khfing nl nang, khong them bdlft^' de dat muc dich "lam cho phin tit a trong mli con ngudi niy nd nhu hoa mua Xuan va phfin xau bi mat din di"^, "muc dich phe binh cot de gii^) nhau sua chua, gii^ nhau tien bf. Cit dl sfta doi each lam vifc cho tot hon, diing hem. Cot doin kit va thong nliit nfi bf*"".
Lim viec dan chu phai dya tign tinh than trach nMem cao c ^ moi ngudi; dan chft phai dya tren c&i nen cdng khai, minh bach. Dan chii di liln vdi ty do.
Ty do la sy nhgn thfte va hanh dong theo cai tit yeu.
C&i tfit yeu vg ban chfit la quy luat khach quan. Khong thi chip nhan cai gpi la ty do, dan chu cua nguoi nay ma xam pham din quyin ty do, dan chu thyc sy ciia ngudi kh&c. Ciing khoi^ thi ch%> nhgn c&i gpi la ly do kM muon hanh dpng nhu thi nao la toy tWch va (!ilu do dfin tdi hanh dpng trai quy lugt Khdng co ty do "tuyet ddi" theo kieu do, va ciing khong the eo dan
NGHIEN CCfU - TRAO DOI
chft m a khdng cd nhung c h l dinh ciia quy tac. CMnh vi v^y. H O CW Minh cho rSng "khfing d u g e ndi gfin, ndi vdng quanh... c h d dung n h u n g ldi mia mai, chua cay, dam thpc"*^.
H I CM M m h phe bmh n h u n g can b p khong chiu thyc Mfn ti; phe b m h vfi p h e bWh. N g u d i phg binh khuyet d i l m t h u d n g t h i y la k h o n g khuyen kWch nhiing ngudi b o n g t l chftc noi h i t y kien ciia hp, dfin tdi tinh t r a i ^ " d l i voi c a quan lanh dao, d l i vdi nhiing ngudi lam lanh dgo, c&c d i n g vien va cac can b f dii c6 y k i l n cung Ididng ddm ndi, dh muon phe binh cung sg, ididng ddm phi binh. Thanh thu c i p trgn vdi cSp diKDi c i c h biet nhau. ( J u i n chiing vin D i n g rdi xa nhau. Tren iM tudng cai ^ ciing tot d?p. D u d i tiii c 6 gj khong d i m ndi ra. H p khong noi, khdng phai vi h p khdng CO y kien, nhung vi h p n ^ n o i ra cap tren ciing Idifing ngjie, khong xet, cd kW lgi bj "trft" la khac. H p khfing d i m noi ra tiii h p cft de b o n g ldng, r l i sinh ra u l t ftc, chfin nan. Rfii sinh ra thoi "khfing ndi trade mat, cW noi sau lung", " I r o i ^ Dang im tilr^ ngoai D i n g nWeu mom", sinh ra tiioi '*th|m tiia tham t h u f va nhiing thdi xau khfic"'^. D 6 Ifi nhiing ldi "gan raff cua H o d l i Minh m a can bf D o a n h o k i t o i n c 6 tiie van dyng v i o cho ban than minh kM xay dyng l l loi va phong cfieh cong tac.
2.3. Phong cdch ldm viic mdt cdch ihoa hoc V f t N a m v l n la m f t d i t mrdc tilu ndng. Mot nuoc nong ngWfp lac hfiu t h u d n g lam cho con n g u d i bi nWem t i c phong I i m viec khong khoa hpe, m a hang logt b i l u Men la toy tifn; lupm thupm; khong diing thdi gian; le m l ; khong tWit t h y c ; tri trf; tMeu k l hogch; duoc chang hay chd; hdi hpt, khong ngMen cftu tinh hmh d i n nai den chon; cM chii ttpng hinh tiiftc ma khfing chii b p n g tiiyc c h i t n f i dung; tiiilu tam nhin xa ttong rfng, cW tiiiy tnrdc mfit m a khdng Ihay lau dai; v.v.
Ho Chi Minh khdng bj n M l m tac phong d 6 m a Ngudi c6 phong each lam viec khoa hpc. S d di n h u v^y l i vi Ngudi t y ren luyen mpt each b i n bi, tiiudng xuyen trong s u i t cupc ddi hoat d f n g ciia minh t u kW con thud tM6u nien cho d i n nhung n a m tiiang cufii ddi, bat ke 6 hoan cinh nao, tren c u o n g vi nao.
Xin neu len m f t so npi dung ma n g u d i can b p Doan hpc tap phong each H 6 CW Minh de xay d y n g cho mmh phong each l i m viec m f t each khoa hpc la:
- C o kg hoach Iam vifc ro rang. K e hogch n ^ K k i t qufi cua vifc d i l u b a , ngMen e u u tinh Mnh mft efich e§n tiign, cy t h i , d o v a y n d rfit tiiilt thyc, khong v i i n vdng, Ididng to tat qufi sftc ban than v a (jua diSu kifn cho phgp. Nfim tinh Mnh sau sfit 1& m f t vifc Iam khfing till titilu trong eufic s i n g h i n g ngfiy ciia ngiroi c&n b p Doan. Ngu khfing d i l u tta, ngWen cftu cy fli^
tW r i t d l d i n den m f t k l hoach khong dung. Phai sii d y n g b f m&y t l chuK v a t y m i n h tryc ti^ nam tinh Mnh hoac qua r i t nMeu kgnh khac n h a u d e Wlu r5, M l u chinh xac tinh Wnh.
- C d tinh than q u y l t (am fliyc Mfn k e hogch. H6 CM M i n h tiiudng n h i c n h d m p i n g u d i r i n g , ke hogch 10 p h l n tM q u y l t tam t h y c Mfn phfii 3 0 p h l n ; rfii^, (juylt t§m khong phai la d hpi t r a d n g m a la t h i hien b i n g hanh dpng t h y c t l . Trong m o t ngfiy, mpt tiiai^
l&m vifc, ^ n M l u ly d o , ed kM m o t so phan vifc Ho CM M i n h l a m c h u a x o n g tM ngfiy h o m sau, thang sau N g u d i q u y l t tam l a m b u cho bfing xong, diing nhu tinh than Ngucri viet trong saeh Ddi song mdi nam 1947: "Cach lam viec phai sieng nang, co ngan n ^ , CO tmh t h i n p h u trach, da lam v i f c gi tiu l i m cho ky d u g c , lam d e n n o i d i n choiL C h d lam dfii"^. Do la tinh tiiln kign cudng, kien tri, kign (juylt, kien n h i a Dieu n a y cdn tiie Men d tac p h o n g lam vifc d i i i ^ gid cfta N g u d i . Trong c o n g v i f c , H d CW Minh ch& y '*phan bift cai gi nen lam tnKSrc, cdi ^ l&m sau cho thiSt t h y c v a c o ieh"*!*'. N h d cd tac phong nfiy ma nhieu ngudi xung quanh d e u thay liic nao va d dau Hd Chi M i n h cung eo sy Iam chft tinh Mnh, 1 ^ chii ban tiian minh, d sy thanh tiian, t h u tiiai, gid nao vifc ay, binh tMih, Idiong quynh Ien, khflng b o sdt cflng vifc, khflng chpn vifc d l b o viec kho. N g u d i \ ^ tgp the dgc irei choi the thao hfing ngay, tham gia lao dflng chan tay sau gid lam viec b a n giiy, sau gid hpp, khong b j sa ISy vfio cong vifc n h u mflt sfl ngudi hay mac phm do tic phong l i m vifc khdng khoa hgc, do luc nao cung thay b j tWeu thdi gian v a khfing co tiu gid dau m a t ^ tiie due choi t h i thao, tham cjuan, du lich...
- Phfii lam viec vdi l l l l i , tac phong ty mi, (a; tiie, iMgt thyc, Idifing Mnh thiie va phai chii f k i l m tra xem cflng vifc tign hanh n h u the nao. Phai tranh lam (jua loa, dai khai, khflng kip thai, "trong luc tM hanh phai theo d o i . . . kM tM hanh xong p h a i . . . k i l m tiiao Igi c o n g vifc, nit k m h ngWfm"<'>. Phai sfiu sit, ty' mi,
1 2 LT IHAN CHINH TRI VATRUyBlTHOH6-s53/20i7
NGHIEN COru - TRAO DOI
"phai 6c n g h i , mfit trong, tai ngjie, chan di, mifng noi, tay Iam. d n i khflng phai cM n o i suflng, cdii ngdi viet m f n h I f n h . . . Phai tiiat tiifi nhiing tay vao vifc"*^'^.
- KM t i n g k i t rut kmh n ^ f m dli (diu y Ididng bao cao sai sy tiifit Hfi CM M i n h da n M l u l i n phe binh each l&m nay, each lam tdeu dUgc it x u y t r a nMeu, vilt ra m f t b a n bfio cao cho oai, nhimg thyc ra tM rflng tuech. Ngirdi eho viec Iam d o la doi trfi, cd tgi vdi each mang, ta m f t b e n h r i t nguy Mem.
3 . Xfiy d y o g p h o n g e a c h d i l n d g t g p n , r o , h i p d i n , d g i c h u n g
D i l n dgt eua c o n n g i t o i phai tfafli^ qua ngon i ^ (ndi, vigt) v a thflng qua cfi eft cM (harOi dfng). H p c tap phong each Hfl d l i Minh, n g u o i can b f Dofin c i n chii y nhiing diem gl trong x a y d u n g Ie ldi, tac phong d i ^ dgt bao d a m cac y e u c i u : (jpn, ro, h ^ d i n , dai chung? C o flie tren m f t so npi dung sau day:
j.l. Vi ngdn n^ ndi vd viit
Phai nfli v a vigt b i n g ngon ngii binh dan d e tat ca mgi ngudi, tft ngudi thanh nien binh thudng eho d i n ngudi can bfl £}oin deu Meu d u g c , xdc la c h u y i n tai diing va chuyen tai h ^ nhiing thflng tin can dem den cbo m p i n g u d i .
Hfl CW Minh d l c$p b i n v§n d l ngucri ndi v a v i l t ph&i x a c djnh that ro: Ndi v a v i l t cai g^ noi v a vigt cho ai; noi va viet d e Ifim ^ nfli v a vigt n h u the nao.
Ngudi hay phe binh nWing can bp, dang vien co "bfnh hay nfli chu, h a m (King ehu, bfnh smh dung c h u n u o c ngoai", c u hay nfli vfi v i l t "trang gjang dai hai", "tiiao thao b i t toyef, diing nhiing ngfln t u khflng sat h g p dfli tugng, npi d u n g khflng p h u hpp, ngMa la khflng chu y tdi ngiroi nghe v a n g u d i xem, khflng quan tam h p CO Weu hay khflng. Hfl Clii Minh ndi tigng nfli ciia n h a n dfin, hpc tieng nfli ciia nhan dan, hay diing ca dao, tyc n g u (tren till gidi nWlu ngudi cho r i n g , tiic n g u chinh la sy tiifliig thai ciia nhan dan).
3.2. Vi ngon ngir "hdnh dgng"
Day la tiiu "ngfln r ^ ( ^ bift" b o n g phong each diln ^ cua mfli ngtioi. I K CW Minh khac vdi rit nWlu danh nhfin kbac tren till gioi, N g ^ Idiong de lgi n W ^ pho sach l(in, nbiing " t ^ dai tiianh" ^ n nhihig bai nfli, bai vilt ciia mmh. B f sach Hd CM Minh todn tap x u i t ban n a m 2011 tuy gflm 151£^ (mfli t ^ khoang 500 - 700 trang khfl 16 cm X 24 (an) nhimg (pia fliye la khflng tdn l i m . C a cufc doi ciia Hfl CW Minh m o i ctiinh ta
mdt pho sach r i t l(in, eo the ndi la d l sg, bigu dgt loan b f t u toong, dgo due, phong each cua NgudL
Trong thyc t l , c&n b f D o a n d n d e phdng v& ehfing cac b i l u Mfn sai Ifch giua ndi va lam. Nhiing nguoi cfl p h o n g each nay tiiuong gay phan cam cho n h u n g n g y d i x u n g quanh, d a c bift tai hai ta neu d o la ngudi can bfl. Ndi kfa&ig di dfli v o i tam t h y c s y la dao dftc gia. Voi tianh d ^ g thucmg ng&y eua minh, Hfl CW Mitih Idiflng m u o n day ai cfi, ciing khflng phai la hfinh dpng thj phgm. Hfl CM M i n h lam vifc nay, vifc n p m f t each t y nM&i, tiiat long, n h u Mt ttid kM b d i , khflng tam ra v e ta day, ra oai, n h u n g t y nhmig h a n h d f n g d o toat 1 ^ nhiing thong difp d i n vin m p i ngudi.
(Jufi trinh H o d l i Minh sflng, tft an, d, Iam vifc tft thud h a n vi cho d i n tuc dftng d dinh tiiap ciia cjuyen Iyc do nhan dfin V f t N a m giao phd, da la s y bieu cam tiQfft vdi cho pdiong each Hfl Chi Minh.
4 . Xfiy d y n g p h o n g cfieh irng xft d u n g dfin Ph(mg c&ch ftng xft cua Hfl CM Minh ^ tuu tai cho nhung ngiroi cung thdi va ctio cac the bf ngitoi V f t N a m yeu n u d c v l sau nhung d i u an r i t dac b i f t Nfl n h u ta gia tri kham va phfl vao (iflng chay ehung (nia van b o a n u o c nha, tnrong ton trong cac buflc phat triln ciia dan tfle V f t N a m . U h g x u d e u thflng (jua giao tiep ciia con ngudi. P h i m chit, nang tyc, trong dfl CO nhan cacti, chg dinh phong c ^ h ftng xft ciia con ngiroi. Dfli voi Hfl Clii Minh, noi den {^ong each u n g xft la c h u r ^ ta ndi d i n phong each ftng x u ciia m f t n b a van h o a kift x u i t
Nguoi can b>p £>oan Mfn nay chu y hpc tap phong c i c h Hfl d l i Minh d e xay dyng te loi, ^ phong u n g xft tren nhiing n f i dung gi?
4.1. Thdnh tdm. thgt ldng
Day la m p t d i ^ d i u tien dang chii y trong phong cacii ftng x u m a moi ngiroi noi chung v a can bfl D o a n nfli rieng can hpc d H o CM Minh. D o la u n g x u ttianh tam, that long vdi mpi nguoi, tiit k e d o ta nhung nguoi V f t N a m hogc ngufli niroc ngoai, t)it k e n g u d i dfl tiiuflc giai t i n g nao, ^ d i nao, ngudi cd ehinh t d i n n h u the nao, ngudi d o cfl qua k h u hay Wen tai ra sao. That tam, tam Idng flianh - dieu nay d Hfl d u Minh ftng xir voi mpi ngudi cung la dieu N g u d i hpc d u g c t u nhimg r ^ u d i x u a n h u " k y sd hh. due, vat tM u nhan", ngMa la dieu gi m a ban ttian minh khflng m u o n tM diing cfl lam cho ngudi Idiac.
NGHIEN COfU - TRAO DOI
4.2. Yiu men, tdn trong, quy men con nguai, khoan dung
Trong tich sft cua Ioai ngudi, co "nhan cM so, tinh bfin tMfn" (tftc ta con ngudi ta sinh ra dfi san tinh iWfn), nhung con nguoi ciing ta mft sinh vfit rit phftc tap, tiiilu su yeu thuong dflng logi, Dfin tfc Vet Nam tamf t trong nlriing quoc gia- dan toe tren thg gioi noi bgt van hfla trpng ngWa tinh, cai tiyc ung xir la tren tinh ngudi, mft d§n tfe "tiy dai ngMa dl tiling hung tan, tiy cW nhan de thay cuflng bgo" (Nguyin Trai dS ting kit nhu till bong Binh Ngo dgi cdo vfio till ky XV). Dau nhiing nam 20 cua thi 1^ XX, ngay trong sfl diu cua bao Le Paria (Ngudi cilng khfl), Hfi CW Minh da til egp gifii phflng con ngufli. Hfl CM Minh nhat quan quan dilm &i, cho din ttong Di ehdc, Ngufli nhan manh: "Ptiai cfl tinh dong cW thuong ygu tin nhau"("\ Ngudi Ididng nhiing "de tai mufln v&n tinh tiian y8u cho tofin dfin, toan Dang, cho toan tiie bf dfi, cho cac ctifiu tbanh men vfi nM dflng"<'2> va
"gui Idi chao than ai den cac dflng chi, cac bilu ban vfi cac ctifiu tiianh men, nW dong quoc te"''^^, ma cfln can dan Dang vl nhiing cong vifc cin lam sau kM da danh tiling giac My xam lupc, ttong dfl "dfiu flgn la cflng viec doi vol con ngwOT"*'^.
Nguoi can bf Doan hpc t ^ fl Ho CM Minh la hpc tap sy ung xft dya tren co so ciia tinh nguoi, ygu tinrong am ngufli, la tflng nhan dao, la tinh nlian van, ta sy khoan dung, df lupng trong hanh xft a cufc sing. Mpi giai phong: (jiai phflng dan tfc, giai phflng xa hfi - giai c ^ rli cufli ciing diu phai di den giai phong con ngirdi tiii tat ca cac gjai ph(!aig trudc do m(M cfl y nghia tWlt thyc.
Ung xft nay phfii dya ben tinh tiiuong ygu, quy bpng con nguoi, buflc hit danh cho nhung ngufli bj ap buc, boe tft nhimg ngufli ciing tchfl, nhung ngufli dl bj tin tiiuong bong xa hpi. (!J dau va tiic nao Hfl CM Minh Cling cfl tinh tiiuong sau dam dfli voi cac cu gia, em nhfl, dac biel co tu tuflng gjai phflng phy nu, cfl phong each img xu van hoa dac bift dfli vai phy nu.
Vfli tu tuong giai phong con nguai, yeu tiiucmg con ngufli, khoan dung, dp tugng, Ho CW Minh da giao tiep, ung xu voi nWlu ngufli bong cufc sflng, va tuc nao cung vay, Ngufli dl tai in tupng sau dam. (Juan nifm cua Hfl CW Minh ciing giflng nhu quan mem dung dan c&a cac t l chiic xa hfi tiln bf Wfn nay ti^n
till gidi, kM cho ring, ph&t triln con ngudi ta sy phai tiiln bao gim ^ cfi cac kWa cgnh trcmg cufc sfing oua mpi ca nhfin, ^ tinh trgng siic Idioe, toi dfli sfing ctiiDb tti, kinh tl, van hofi ciia eon ngudi; ring, ph&t trien con ngiroi theo nhihig mye tieu dfl Ifi ( ^ dieh cufii ciii^
ph&t triln kinh tg - xa hpi eW ta mgt phuong tifn; ring, myc tidu CO ban ciia phat trign ta tgo ra mft mfli tmdng khuylo kMch con ngudi duge huflng cufc song I^
dfii, khoe manh, hgnh phftc, ty do vfi sang tgo. Do chioti ta tinh toan difn Ciia su ph&t trieiL Chinh dieu nay pbii hpp voi each tinh vl cW so phat biln eon ngudi (HDI) eiia Chuong binh pbat triln Lign hgp quoc (UNDP)- kit hpp c&c cW so ca bdn vl y te, giao dye, tuli flip, miic sing, chft khflng cM la sy tfing traong cua t ^ san phim (jufie nfi (GDP).
SL X^duiig|dMH% each sinh boat gifin cU, l&nh manh 5.1. Chd trong ldm chu bdn thdn minh Nfli din phong each sinh boat 1& nfli din phong cddi bong cupc song rieng. Con ngufli cfl cac moi cjuan he lit phong phii, phftc tap ttong cupc sfing ti^ng ngay va Ho CM Minh phan cac moi (juan he dfl thanb ba Iogi:
Ddi voi nguoi, dfli vdi vifc, dfii vfli minh. Trong cfe moi (juan hf dfl tW moi (juan hf "doi voi ntinh"(tiio1|
to mmh doi voi ban than minh) t& Icho xft ty nhk Tv thay, to phg binh... van ta dfli hfli t>an thfin minh nhin lai mink Mun tgi chinh minh, danh gia ban ttian minh, lam ctm ban tlmi minh trong sinh lioat tilng ngay ta Ididng don gian. Trong qufin sy, ngiroi ta ndi ring, bi^
ngudi, Mgt minh, tram trgn danh trdm Iran thing BiSt ngufli tin khfing khfl bing bilt minh. Cai bfnh chu quan tiiuong th&y fl nMeu t ^ o i ta to eai Icho nay ma la.
Ngufli ta khen minh tiii dl, ty minh thiy minh tit, gioi gjang tiu khdng khfl (nhu Hfl CW Minh d&ng tuc ngir trong tac ptilm Sda doi ldi ldm viec la "meo khoi meo dai dufli"). Nhung ngudi khac chg minh tiii nWfiu I6c tdio dugc cti§p nhgn. Ty minh tiiiy cai do, cai xau ciia mmh tgi cai^ kho hon. Va, de c ^ van de phong cdch sinh hoat ta dg cap mli (juan hf to mmh dli voi ban tlian minh, gan voi ehu the cua con ngiroi hanh d^g nd bfc tfl tiSng ngfiy, tilng gifl. Phong each nay dfli h6i to minhpliai tam chit mpi banh vi cua ban tiian minh.
Dfii vfli nguai edn bp Doan noi ehun^ tam ehii ban thfin minh cfln tdid hon niia, bdi vi ngufli cdn bp tiiuflng bj nMeu cam dfl hon doan vien tiiudng. Ho d u Mtnh ta nguoi t ^ chii dugc mpi banh vi cua bin
14'"W11I4HCHINHTRIVATRUTEH THONG - S 5 3 / 2 0 1 7
NGHIEN cOru - TRAO DOI
than minh. Ho (I!M Miiih giu Aroc [JKXig c&c^ sinh hcKit gidn dj, lanh mgnh; i ^ y ca d ^ tiifli gian culi dfli vln la mpt eon ngudi song trong sach, vi nuoc, ^i dan, khong vy lgi. Nq) smh boat tiianh cao, ehiu ^ n g gjan Idio, Idifl Idian dl v! n^im ton cua H I Chi Minh da Idiic hpa (xm n^ifli song cfl Iy tuflng, muc £eh ro rang: Suflt ddi vi ddn, vi nuoc, Aa sy ngWfp giai p h ^ g con ngufli, n h ^ euge sing rieng to cua ban than ntinh vao c&i chung oia sy ng^%). Ho CM Minh tdm nhung vifc dfl mft each ty nMen, eo y tinie ro rang vl cufc sflng cua mft vi d n i tjch Dang, d i u tjch nuflc d mft dit nuoc cfln ngheo. Hfl d u Minh lam nhut^ vifc do kti&ig ra ve cao ^ , ra ve ta d3y, mfi dfi tiifinh nip sflng Hd CW Minh da to tam chu mpi lidnh vi ciia ban Ifafin minh tnmg tiiyc lidnh cin, kifm, liem, chinb, dli c ^ vo to.
H6 d l i Minh ty hdnh xft nhCmg digu dfl trong cuflc
• ngdy, tuy giong, nhin^ ve t^an chit 1M d ^ cua ton gjao, ngMa Id khflng ep xac Idifllgnh. Cuflc dfli ciia Hfl CW Minh Id cupe dfli don tam, din tri, din lyc cham lo cho mroc cho dan, thoat ktifli mpi sy cam d l (juyin tyc, ti^ tiac, phu quy. Ho CW Minh Id con nguoi ehe dinh duge c&i toi trcMig mufln su biln tWgn ctia cupc dfli a m ngufli. Cbft tich Hfl Chi Minh Met cai du va Met digm dimg. Ho CW Minb la nguoi noi nWlu d ^ ca nlian nhung Idiong sa v&o chu ngbk cfi nhfin. Ciing tya nhu Hfl d i i Minh nfli nMeu den dfin tfc ma khflng sa vdo choi ngtiia dfin tfe hep hfli; nfli nMeu din cji^rgt tam Idm mft vifc gj dfl nhung khdng sa vao chu cjuan, duy y chi, di^ tam;
nfli nMeu din dgo dftc vd sy i ^ e m minh ciia phap higt nhung khong tuyft dli boa mft cai nao mfi fl Ngufli cfl sy gin kit nhuin nhuyin giua "dftc tii" vd '^hqj tri", vita cfl ly vfta cfl tinh; v.v.
5.2. Phong cdch sinh hogt hgp ve sink, ngdn ndp, vd dgc biit Id yiu chugng thdn thien thien nhiin
'?)fli cho sach, rach cho tham" la toe ngu ciia dan tfc Vft Nam md Ngufli van dgng cho cuflc song cfta tjan than minh cavengbabraig lan n g t ^ ^ n . Ho CW Minh cfl tinh thuong yeu tiao la vfli mpi ngiroi. Trong mft pham vi h?p a ca i^ian, Ngufli cdng chu y quan tam din dfli sflng, tam to tiinb cam cua cdn Iw, ntian vien, nhftng nguoi phyc vu dio bdn flian minh. Cfl kW dfl td nhimg cii cW rit nhfl nhung im tinh ngufli, tdn trpng nliau, rit cam dpng.
Hfi d u Minh eung nhu tiao con ngufli khac, ciing
cfl tinh cam, ding cfl tinh n ^ i ^ ciing can cfl mft cuflc s&ig gia dinh Mnh tiiuflng. Nhimg Hfi CM Minh khflng cd gia ^nh rigng. Chu 'Ineu" theo cjuan mfm ciia Ho CW Minh Ifiphai Iam tifln dao Meu ^ v(M flng bd, cha me ciing nhu tinh huynh dc. Rit nMlu lin Hd CM Minh Idii^en cdc chau tMlu men, nW dong phdi Met tdnh ygu flng bd, ctm m?, "bilt vang tfli cha m?". Ho d t i Minh rit coi trpng van de gia ttinh, coi gia dinh la hgt nhan ciia xa hfli. Trong vifc gift gjn va pbat hi^ cflt each van hoa dan t^, Hfi d u Minh (juan mfm cd c&
vife gift ^ chu Meu dfli vdi dfin, vfli cha m^.
Chu wlu cua nguoi Vft Nam, d phuong D&ig sfiu sic tim. Do etiinh Id loi tam sy ciia Hd d d Minh dfii voi mft sfl cdn bf lanh dgo i^anh tt^gn gido kW v&o ntia san lam vifc voi Ho CM Minh diu ttidng 6.1968 ve bign soan vd xuit tian logi sach Ngudi tdt viic i&.
Tgi bufli Iam vifc nay, Hfi CH Minh nfli: ' ^ a c gin tdm miKTi tuli \ ^ cfln nhfl chi^rfn ong Lao Lai, vo ehong (Ju&eh Cy, chu be Han Lyc Tich... Mgu thdo voi cha m^ nhu till nao. Nhung C M Q ^ nfau the ngay xua ca nhung i^ufli tdifli^ Mgt chu ciing thuflc. Cac chii phdi bilt nit kWh ngMfm. Hpc % each gido due cua flng ctia ta. CIdc elm cfl die tdm tot hon, vi dgo dftc ngay nay cao rpi^ hon: khdng phai cii cfl Meu vfli b l me, mfi tnmg vfli raidc Mlu vfli dan"t">.
HQC tap to tuflng, dao due, phcmg c&ch H i CM Minh (^ xfiy c^ng tl lli, tac pliong ngudi can tsp Dodn Thanh men td mft cflng vifc rit (juan trgng. 6 day, dl hpc tap CO ket (jua tot, ngufli cdn bp £}odn ngn dm y ba vln dl (hogc dilu Idfn) ma tWeu mft trong nhung dilu kifn ndy tM khflng ttianh cflng. Dfl Ifi (1) Tdm the; (2) Higu diing to toflmg, dao dftc, phong each Hfl d n Minh; (3) Ldm cfao phu hpp voi tiing liic, tftng noi. Vfi, trum len tit tiiay nhiing dilu tdfn (to Id fl cho phu thufc vdo ctiiiih ban than ngufli cdn t)p Dodn. Do vay, plidi fairong npi, vd cM cd huong nfi, tftc la to bdn than ngufli can tip E)oan Tbanh men tudn lufln hpc tgp, m duong, ren luyfn iM mfli raong ttidnh congD
(1), (2), (4), (6), (7), (8) Ho ChiMinK Toan (®>. T5. Nxb.
CTQG, H.,2011, tr.272,272,272,283, U7,671.
(3), (11), (12), (13), (14), (15) Ho Chi Minh. Sdd, T15. tr.672, 633,624.629,626,673.
(5}HS Cki Minh. S^, T2, tr.272.
(9), (10) H6 Chi Minh. Sdd, T6, tr.233,233-234.
