Xay dung va hoan thien co* chl thuc Men dan chu trong Dang
Nguygn Dinh Tirong^
' Vi?n Trifit hgc, Vien Hkn lam Khoa hoc xS hpi Viet Nam.
Email: [email protected]
NhSn ng^y 8 th^g 5 n5m 2019. Chap nhan dang ngay 3 thang 6 nam 2019.
Tom tat: Thuc hien dan chii trong Dang khong chi la nhirng v ^ de c6t loi, song con ciia Dang mk con la nhan t6 quygt djnh bao dam sir Ianh dao cua Dang doi vai nha nucrc va xa h^i. TCr khi thanh lap den nay, Dang ta luon coi thyc hi?n dan chu trong Dang la mgt trong nhung nguyen tac het siic quan trong trong hoat dong Ianh dao ciia Dang. Trong nhung nam doi mcfi, thyc hien dan chii trong Dang da c6 nhihig kit qua ndi bat. Tuy nhien, trong qua trinh thyc hien dan chii trong Dang van con ton tai nhieu han che, bat cap can phai khac phuc. Chinh vi v^y, xay dung va hoan thifn ca che thyc hien dan chii trong Dang la nhiem vy het sue quan trpng ve mat ly luan va thyc tien cua Dang ta va phai c6 dugc nhung giai phap ca ban dk thuc hi^n chiing,
Tu" khoa: Hoan thipn ca che, thyc hipn dan chil, Dang Cpng san Viet Nam.
Phan loai nganh: Triet hoc
Ahstract: Practising democracy in the Communist Party of Vietnam is not only the core issue of survival of the Party but also the decisive factor to ensure its leadership towards the State and society. Since its establishment, the Party has always considered the practice one of the very important principles in its leadership. Under the renovation process, the practice of democracy in the Party has achieved salient results. However, in the process of practising, there are still many shortcomings and inadequacies that need to be overcome. Therefore, building and completing the mechanism for the practice is a very important task for the Party, both theoretically and practically, which requires fiindamental solutions to implement.
Keywords: Completing the mechanism, practicing democracy. Communist Party of Vietnam.
Subject classification: Philosophy
Nguyln Dinh Tuang 1. M& dku
Mot trong nhiJng ngi dung chii dS cua Dai hoi ian thu XII ciia Dang la "Tang cuang xay dung Dang trong sach, vihig manh;
phat huy siic manh toan dan toe, dan chii xa hoi chu nghia". Day ciing la mot trong nhiing tu tuang c a ban ciia tieu de Bao cao Chinh tri tai Dai hpi nay. D6ng thai phuang cham chi dao Dai hoi XII cua Dang nhSn manh vk "Doan ket - Dan chu - Ky cuong - D6i mai". Tit ca nhiSng tu tuong tren day cua Dang la dgng luc thiic day qua trinh thuc hi6n muc tieu dan giau, nuoc manh, dan chii, cong bang va van minh.
T6ng kSt 30 nSm doi mai. Dang C6ng san Viet Nam tiep tuc khang dinh: xay d\mg Dang la nhiem vu then chot, nhiem vu song con trong toan bo su nghiep each mang.
Dang phai thuang xuyen tu doi moi, tu chinh don, coi day la quy luSt ton tgi va phat trien ciia Dang [3].
Nhihig tu tuang tren cua Dai hgi Dang XII khai quat tren co sa ke thira va phat trien tren cac ngi dung ca ban ciia Cuong Itnh xay dung ddt nuac trong th6fi ky qua do len chii nghia xa hoi (bo sung phat trien nam 2011) ve "Dan chu xa hoi chii nghia la ban chat cua che dg ta, vira la muc tieu, vira la dgng lire ciia sir phat trien dat nuoc. Xky dung va timg buoc hoan thien nen dan chu xa hgi chii nghia, bao d ^ d ^ chu dugc thuc hien trong thuc te cuoc song o m6i cap, tren tat ca cac ITnh vuc. Ddn chii gan vai ky luat, ky cuang va phai duac the che hoa bing phap lu|t, dugc phap lu^t bao dam".
Bai vidt phan tich mgt s6 vin dk ly lugn va thuc tiln cua viec thuc hi$n d§n chu, tii do dua ra mgt so giai phap co ban v6 xay
dung va hoan thien co c h i thuc hien dan chu trong Dang a Viet Nam hien nay.
2. Mgt so van de ly luan va thnc tien ve thirc hien dan chu trong Dang
Thuc tien each mang Viet Nam dS chiing minh dan chii va thuc hien dan chu trong Dang dugc quy dinh bofi ban chat giai cap cong nhan va tren co so nguyen tac tap trung dan chii. Dieu nay co nghia la dan chu trong Dang can phai tham nhap vao toan bg cac ITnh vuc hoat dgng cua Dang, no dugic quy dinh, cu the hoa trong Dieu le Dang, trong cac quy che, quy dinh, nguydn tac lanh dao, che do, nen nep sinh hoat ciia Dang, dugc t h i ch6 hoa thanh cac quydn cua dang vidn va to chiic Dang. Dong thoi, cSn phai hidu ring dan chu trong Dang khong phai la mat doi lap cua "tap trung", cua k^ luflt, ky cuong trong Dang, ma trai lai no CO m6i quan he bien chiing voi chiing.
Ngoai ra, dan chu trong Dang cSn phai dugc nhan thiic mgt each toan didn vdi ngi ham la quydn cua moi dang vidn va moi to chiic dang gin lien vol trach nhiem va nghia vu cua ca nhan va to chiic do. Chiing dugc thd chd hoa va dugc bao dam b§ng cac quy chd, quy dinh, d\ra trdn Cuang ITnh va Didu Id Dang, hien phap va phap luat cua Nha nuoc, cac didu le va quy dinh ciia cac t6 chiic chinh tri - xa h6i ma dang vidn tham gia. Thuc td cho th4y ring, dan chii trong Dang da va dang co mgt vi tri va vai tro hdt siic quan trgng trong su nghiep each mang ciia nuoc ta. No gop phan phat huy tai nSng, tri tud, ban linh, y chi, kha nang sang tao cua m6i dang vidn va t6 chiic dang trong Iinh vuc hogt dgng lanh dao ciia Dang
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Khoa hpc M hoi Viet Nam, so 12-2019 va cong tac xay dung Dang, cung nhu trong cac hoat d6ng cua Dang ma co su tham gia cua ca nhan dang vien.
vin d8 dan chu trong Dang co vai tro cue ky to Ion d6i voi su trong saeh, vung manh eung nhu nang Iuc lanh dao cua Dang, hon niia no con anh huomg den su t5n vong cua ehS do. Cho nen, thue hiSn dan ehu trong Dang ein phai thucmg xuyen kit hop vdd hoat dong lanh dao, kiem tra, giam sat ehat che, d6ng thoi no gJn hen voi qua trinh thuc hien ky luat, ky euong cua Dang. D4 xay dung va hoan thien eo ehe thue Men dan chu trong Dang khong nhitag nhan thue diy du, dung dan tinh cap thiet, vai tro eia dan chu trong Dang, ma con phai hidu dugc npi dung cua viee thue hidn dan ehu trong Dang.
Trong thue tiln each mang Viet Nam, npi dung nay bao gom eac van de nhu: de err, ling cii vao ca quan lanh dao eac cap cua Dang; tham gia gop f xay dung nghi quyfa, chu trucmg lanh dao cua cap uy, dong gop y kifa xay dung duong loi, chu trucmg, chinh sach cua Dang; quySn dugc hpe tip, sinh hoat Dang, tham gia eac sinh hoat chinh tri cua dang, phap luat cua Nha nu6c; diu tranh phe binh va tu phe binh trong thuc hien quyen giam sat, chat van, to cao, khiiu nai; quyen dugc bao luu y kien ea nhan va nhGng vSn de lien quan ddn eac nghi quyit, ehll truong, quydt dinh cua cap uy, t6 chiic dang; quydn dugc doi xu binh ding vd chinh tri truoe ky luat cua Dang;
quydn bao v? tu each dang vidn... Nhu v4y, dan chu trong Dang la mdt vin dd rat nhay cam vd ehinh tri, co ngi dung khoa hgc rpng lien quan ddn hoat dpng cua mgi can bp, dang vidn, t5 chile dang. Trong do nguyen tic "tap trung dan chu", ling cu, bau cit, phd bmh va tu phd binh, doan kdt trong Dang
dugc coi la nhitag npi dung quan trgng hang dflu ciia dan chu trong Dang.
Tu khi thanh lap ddn nay. Dang Cong san Viet Nam da nhan thiie sau sac vd vai tro quan trpng cua vide thvie hidn dan chu trong Dang, eho nen sau khi thanh 1?P Dang da luon quan tam vin dd dan chu va thirc hien dan chu trong Dang va no duge phat huy trong su6t qua trinh xay dung va ho?t dpng cua Dang. Cuong ITnh, Dieu Id, eac van ban ciia Dang da thd hidn sau sac qua trmh thue hien dan chii trcng Daiig va chi ro no la mpt trong nhitag nguyen tac co bin trong mpi linh vuc boat dpng cua Dang.
Phin nhitag nhiem vu va giai phap Ion vd cong tac xay dung Dang trong Van kidn Dai hdi dai bidu toan quoe lin thii X cia Dang da neu ro: "Tidp tuc hoan thipn, eu thd hoa, quy chd hoa nguyen tic tap tning dan chil va cac nguydn tae to chiie, hoat dpng eua Dang. Hoan thidn quy chd, quy trinh vd eong tac t6 ehiic, bao dam md rdng va phat huy dan ehii trong Dang" [1, tr.289- 290]. Kd thira nhimg tu tuong tren, Bao cao Chinh tri tai Dai hpi d?i bidu toan quoc lan thii XI cia Dang tidp tyc khing dinh: "That su phat huy dan chu trong sinh hoat dang ttr sinh hoat ehi bp, sinh ho^t eip uy a ca s6 ddn sinh boat Ban Bi thu, Bg Chi'nh tri. Ban Chip hanh Trung ucmg Dang, Thuc hidn dung nguydn tic tap trung dan chi. Ch6ng quan lieu, be phai, cue bg dia phuang, loi lam viec vo nguyen tae, vi pham ky luat, vi pham dto ehi" [2, tr.259].
Trong thoi gian 5_ nam (2011-2015), Dang ta rit quan tam ddn cdng tac xiy dung Dang, da ban hanh Nghi quydt Trung uong 4 khoa XI "Mgt s6 vin dd cap bach vd xay dtrng Dang hien nay". Cac cap uy, t6 chiic dtog tu Trung uong ddn ea sd da t4p trung lanh dao, chi dao va td chic thtrc hien Nghi
Nguyln Dinh Tucmg quydt Trung uong 4 mgt each nghidm tiic
va da dat duoc nhQng k^t qu^ quan trgng;
gop p h ^ canh bao, nim dugc timg budc ngan chan va ddy lui tidu cue, suy thoai trong Dang. Ciing voi nhimg ket qua dat dugc, Van kien Dai hgi dai bidu toan quoc lan thii XII ciia Dang ciing neu ro: Cong tac xay dung Dang trong 5 nam qua con nhidu han chd, khuyet didm. Vide du bao, hoach dinh, lanh dao to chirc thuc hien chinh sach ciia Dang, phap luat cua nha nuoc con nhidu han chd. Vide the che hoa, xay dung chuong trinh hanh dgng va t6 chirc thuc hidn cac nghi quyet, chi thi, quy dinh, kdt luan cua Dang chua kip thai, cu thd va hieu qua... Cho ndn, Nghi quydt Dai hgi XII ciia Dang da xac dinh phuang huang xay dung Dang trong 5 nam tai la phai diy manh hon niia cong tac xay dung Dang, trgng tam la kidn quydt, kidn tri tidp tuc thirc hien Nghj quy^t Trung uong 4 khoa XI. Cac cip uy, td chiic dang, tap the lanh dao ca quan, dan vj va ca nhan can bg lanh dao, quan li cac cap tir Trung uong ddn co sa nghiem tiic, tu giac va co kd hoach, bien phap phu hgp dd khac phuc siia chiia nhiing ydu kem, khuydt diem.
Co thd khing dinh tir khi thanh lap ddn nay, qua cac ky dai hgi, Dang ta luon coi thuc hidn dan chii trong Dang la mgt trong nhiing nguydn tic hdt siic quan trgng trong hoat dgng I5nh dgo ciia Dang. Trong nhiing nam doi moi, thuc hidn ddn chu trong Dang da CO nhiing buac tidn ndi bat. Dang ta da tidn hanh doi moi t6 chirc va phuong thirc hogt dgng ciia he thSng chinh tri, dgc bidt da va dang tidn hanh ddi mdi, chinh ddn Dang, ddi moi phuong thirc lanh dao cua Dang, nho do dan chu trong Dang ngay cang dugc phat huy. Cac td chiic Dang da tidn hanh thuc hien bau cu cd s6 du, ban
hanh quy chd chit vin trong Dang, cimg voi viec quy chd hoa hoat dgng cua co quan lanh dao cac cap da huang sir lanh dao cua Dang ngay cang di vao ndn ndp, ky luat, ky cuomg, dan chu tdt hem. Co thd noi ring, su tham gia ciia cac to chiic co sd dang va dang vidn vao qua trinh xay dung, hoach dinh, thuc hien duong l6i, chii truong, chinh sach cua Dang, phap luat cua Nha nuoc ngay cang dugc md rgng va hidu qua.
Sinh hogt dan chii trong cac td chiic dang da cd nhiing tidn bg ro ret. Nhiing kdt qua dd da c6 anh hudng mgnh me ddn qua trinh xay dimg va hoan thidn ca che thuc hidn dan chit trong Dang ndi rieng va phat huy dan chu trong xa hgi ndi chung. Tuy nhidn, bdn canh nhirng thanh tich kd trdn, trong qua trinh thuc hidn dan chu trong Dang van con ton tgi nhieu han che, bat cap can phai khac phuc.
Thie nhdt, nhan thiic cua dang vidn vd ban chat cua nguydn tic tap trung dan chu trong xay dung Dang ndi chung va th^c hien dan chu trong Dang ndi ridng cdn chua dung dan. Mgt so dang vien thudng nghidng vd thica nhan ngi dung cda nguyen tac tap tnmg dan chu da dugc khang dinh trong Dieu Id Dang ma chua tim hidu sau sac ban chat cua nguyen tic nay. Vi vay van con tdn tgi tinh trgng vide thuc hidn nguydn tic tap trung dan chii cdn mang tinh chat thu ddng, duy tri qui Idu chd do tgp trung quan lidu bao cap.
Thu hai, dan chu trong Dang van cdn mang tinh chit hinh thiic. Nghi quydt Dgi hgi XI cua Dang da xac nhgn "Vide thuc hanh dan chu cdn mang tinh hinh thiic, cd tinh trang Igri dung dan chu gay chia rd, mdt doan ket ngi bg, gay rdi anh hudng ddn trat tu an toan xa hdi" [2, tr.l71].
Khoa hpc xa hoi Vigt Nam, sd 12 - 2019 Thuc td cho thiy, dto chi trong viec tham gia xay dung nghi quydt, chi truong lanh dao cia cSp uy, d nhidu chi bg, td chirc dtog, dtog vidn van cdn qua loa, dai khai, khdng quan ttoi ddn ngi dung, thuc chat cua nghi quydt, it tham gia y kidn xay dung ma tto thtoh la chu ydu. Trong sinh hoat, dtog vidn thudng co tam li ngai phat bidu, thudng la tto thtoh theo y kidn cua cip uj"
va bi thu vd nhitag vin dd, ndi dung dugc dat ra. Vide tu phd binh va phd binh nhidu noi mang tinh hinh thirc, ehit lugng edn thip, ngai va cham, cd tu tudng "dl hoa vi quy", chua thuc su sau sat thue td. Vin edn bidu hidn quan lidu, eia quydn, chua thuc Men dung din nguydn tac tap trung dto chu. Dac bidt, mdt s6 dang vien Itoh dao cip uy, chinh quydn cdn bidu hidn tinh gia trudng, chuydn quydn, ddc dao, ap dat, mat dan ehu, khdng chiu ling nghe y kidn cia quin ching, dtog vidn, td chiic, tap the.
Thd hidn ro nhit vd tinh trang dto ehu cdn mang tinh chit hinh thuc trong Dtog la d chd vin cdn hidn tupng trong bto cit cap uy, bi thu cip uy vdi td chic bto trdn, khdng CO sd du. Ddng thdi, trong vide bd phidu dtoh gia cto bd, liy phidu tin nhiem, bd phidu xae nhto chat lupng dtog vidn vaii cdn hinh thile. Qua trinh thuc hidn quy ehd chit vin trong Dtog vto mang tinh hinh thue, hidu qua va chit lugng khdng cao. Do ehua xay dung va thuc hidn nghidm tue eac quy chd, nhit 14 quy chd phdi hgp giila ca nhto Itoh dao vdi tap the cip uy va lanh dao ca quan, dan vi.
Dto chu cdn chua gin lidn vdi ky luat, ky euong. Tham chi, mpt sd dtog vidn edn lgi diing nguydn tie tap trung dto ehu d quy dinh thidu sd phuc tiing da sd dd chay ehgt, lira ddi, mua chudc dd cd dugc da sd ing hd, nhim ed chile, ed quydn, phue vu cho lgi ich ca nhto, phe nhdm, Itot toh hudng.
tac ddng xiu ddn nang luc lanh dgo, sue ehien diu, vai trd, uy tin cua Dtog, '^m gitoi niem tin cua quin ching nhto dan doi vdi Dtog, de doa ddn sv tdn vong ^ ^ Dtog, ddi vdi vai trd Itoh dao nha nude va xa hdi eia Dtog cam quydn. D^c bidt, mpt sd dtog vidn lgi dtrng dto chu dd tuyen truyen y kien ca nhto, khdng thuc hien dung nghi quydt cia td chiie dtog, Itoi ^'^^
tinh hinh phirc tap thdm. Thuc td cho thay nhidu cap uy, td chuc dtog chua thuc men tdt edng tac kidm tra, gitoi sat thi htoh ky luat dtog, mdt sd khuyfe didm, sai lim cua ca nhto dtog vien, to chic dtog vto chua dugc phat Men, xu ly kip thdi. Dac bidt, d mpt sd td chic dtog, mgt bd phto dtog vidn vin cdn didn ra tinh trang ky luat, kj cuang khdng ngMdm, doto ket npi bd chua tdt, cdn cMa be keo ctoh... Tir tinh Mnh thuc tien d mdt sd bd ph?n td chic dtog, Dai hdi XI cua Dtog chi rd: "Su doto ket nhit tri d khong it cip uy ehua tdt" [2, tr.l75].
Mdt sd cip uy, chinh quydn, cto bd Itoh dao cdn bd chi chdt cae cap chua nhan thirc diy du, dung din ve vai trd, tac dung cua gitoi sat va phto bidn xa hpi. Khdng it ngudi coi giam sat va phto bidn xa hdi \h
"soi mdi", "bdi ldng tim vet", tir dd din den tinh trang phdi hap khdng tdt gida ehi thd gitoi sat va phto bien xa hdi, thSm chi cdn Men tupng trtoh ne ho|c ddi phd, Itoi qua loa, chidu Id trong eac kdt luan, gitoi sat va phto bidn xa hdi.
3. Giai phap xay dmig va hoan thien cof che thyc hi€n dan chit trong Dang Thti nhat, cin phai nhto thic rd va sto sic vd y nghia, vi tri va vai trd quan trpng cua qua triiib th\re Men dto chu trong Dtog.
Nguyen Dinh Tudng Thuc hien dan chu trong Ddng la mdt trong
nhiing nguydn tic ca ban trong mgi hoat dgng Clia Dang. Vi vay, thuc hidn tdt dan chu trong Dang la co sd ly luan va thuc tidn quan trgng dd giii vilng va nang cao vi tri, vai trd ianh dao ciia Dang voi tu each la dang cim quydn, ciing cd nidm tin cua qudn chiing nhan dan ddi vdi Dang. Ddng thdi, thuc hi|n tdt dan chu trong Dang ciing la giai phap ngan ngira, han che, dau tranh chdng lai nhiing bidu hidn "tu didn bidn",
"tu chuyen hoa" trong ngi bg Dang, khac phuc su suy thoai vd tu tudng chinh tn, dao diic, ldi sdng trong hang ngii can bg, dang vien, giii gin sir doan kdt trong Dang, sir ddng thuan trong xa hgi.
Thie hai, can nhan thiic va thirc hidn diing din nguydn tic tap trung dan chu trong xay dung Dang. Dau tien can nhan thiic dugc ban chat cua nguyen tic tap tnmg dan chu va lam ro nhung sai iam can khic phuc. Trong thuc tidn hogt dgng xay dung Dang thuong xay ra hai trudng hgp sai iam mang tinh cue doan. Dd la tgp trung khong trdn co sd dan chii va dan chu khdng trong pham vi tap trung.
Vi?c thirc hidn diing dan nguyen tic tap trung dan chu trong xay dimg Dang ddi hoi tiing can bg, dang vien, cac td chirc dang cac cap phai nghidm chinh chap hanh cac ngi dung cua nguydn tic dS dugc khing dinh trong Didu 9, Didu Id Dang Cgng san Viet Nam. Dong thdi, can phai thuc hien diing dan mot sd yeu cau sau day: (1) Dang vidn va can bg lanh dao cac cap ciia Dang phai tuyet ddi trung thanh vdi chu nghia Mac - Ldnin, tu tudng Hd Chi Minh, kidn dinh muc tidu dgc lap dan tgc va chu nghTa xa hdi; (2) Dang vidn va td chiic Dang phai chdp hanh nghidm chinh nghj quydt, chi thi, quydt dinh, quy dinh, quy chd, chinh sach
cua Dang va phap luSt cua Nha nudc; (3) Dang vien va can bg Ianh dgo cac cdp ciia Dang thudng xuyen giu gin phdm chdt chinh tri, dao diic each mgng, kidn quydt bao vd cai dimg, dau tranh vdi cai sai, giii nghiem ky luat, ky cuang, doan kdt can bg, dang vien.
Thu ba, dky mgnh hgc tap va lam theo tu tudng, dao dire, phong each Hd Chi Minh.
Mgi can bg, dang vidn, td chiic dang phai xem day la nhiem vu chinh tn quan trgng.
Dong thdi, phai coi day la nhidm vu quan trgng thudng xuyen cua can bg, dang vidn va td chirc dang dd phan ddu trd thanh nhiing con ngudi cd dao due, ldi sdng tdt dep cho nhan dan noi theo. Can phai hgc tap Bac Hd va tham nhuan sau sac phong each dan chu, gan bd vdi taip the, tdn trgng, lang nghe y kidn ciia tap thd, cua dang vien va quan chiing nhan dan. Phai quan triet sau sac tu tudng vd "Can - Kidm - Liem - Chinh - Chi cdng vd tu" dd trd thanh ngudi can bo, dang vidn la cdng bdc ciia dan. Hon niia, phai md rdng dan chu dd phat huy siic manh cua tap thd. Hgc Bac H6 vd phong each dan chii trong vi?c chuan hi nghi quydt, dd nghi quydt cua Dang di vao cude sdng, hgp vdi ldng dan. Chdng mgi bidu hien "Dang xa dan" va "Dan thidu tin vao Dang".
Thie he, cdn phai giii gm, cimg cd va xay dung su doan kdt nhdt tri aia Dang.
Doan kdt nhdt tri la van dd sdng cdn ciia each mgng, la sire manh vdn cd ciia Dang, giG gin su doan kdt nhat tri la gifi gin sinh menh ciia Dang, la ca sd dd cimg cd dai doan kdt toan dan tgc. Dd hoan thanh nhiem vu quan trgng nay dang vidn va td chiic Dang cdn phai tap trung thuc hidn nhftng bidn phap cu thd sau: (1) Td chirc dang phai khdng ngimg giao due nang cao nhgn thiic,
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Khoa hgc xahpi Viet Nam, so 12-2019 tinh dang cho can bd, dang vidn dd thudng xuyen coi trgng vide giii gin, cimg cd va xay dung khdi doan kdt nhdt tri trong Dang.
Ddng thdi, cap uy can chi dao kidm tra de kip thdi phat hien ra dugc nguydn nhan gay mdt doan kdt; (2) Nang cao chdt lugng tu phd binh va phe bmh gin lidn vdi phat huy dan chii trong Dang. Thuc hien tdt nhiem vu nay se phat huy duoc uu diem, phat hidn khuydt didm dd giiip nhau sua chfta, giai quydt kip thdi nhiing y kidn bdt ddng trong ndi bd. Ddng thdi, cdn md rong dan chii dd giai quydt nhiing khd khan, khdng thdng nhdt trong td chiic Dang. Vi vay, cdp uy cdn bmh tTnh, nim vftng nguydn tic tap trung dan chii dd giai quydt van dd mdt each hgp li. Chu tich H6 Chi Minh da timg khing dinh: "Trong Dang thuc hanh dan chu rgng rai, thudng xuyen va nghidm chinh tu phd binh va phd binh la each tot nhdt dd cung cd va phat tridn su doan kdt va thdng nhat ciia Dang" [4, tr.510]; (3) Khdng ngimg xSy dung va hoan thidn quy che, quy dinh, xac dinh quydn han, trach nhidm cua ca nhan, td chiic lien quan. CJ day cdn phai quan tridt ddy du vd tap thd lanh dao, ca nhan phu trach, d§c bidt la phat huy vai trd, trach nhidm cua ngudi lanh dao cao nhat. Day la bidn phap nhim khic phuc thai do vd trach nhidm, quan lidu "cha chung khdng ai khdc", ndu mic phai khuyet diem thudng dd loi cho tap thd; (4) Kidn quydt chdng chu nghia ca nhim va chu nghTa co hdi trong Dang. Nhu chiing ta bidt, chu nghia ca nhan la ngudn gdc tu tudng nay sinh ra chu nghTa CO hgi. Lgi ich nhdm, be phai, phe nhdm la CO sd tdn tai cua chii nghia co hgi trong Dang. Tit ca nhan td trdn la nhftng lire can gay ndn sir mat doan kdt, thieu tinh td chiic ky luat, kem tinh thdn trach nhidm. Khi trd th^nh dang cdm quydn, nhiing ke co hgi tim
mgi each ludn lgt dd cd dugc dac quyen, dac lgi, cd dip dd tham 6, tham nhihig- Cho nen, can bd, dang vien phai thuc hanh lis^>
ehinh, chi cdng vd tu dd phuc vu nhan dan, phuc vu ddt nudc. Nhu vay, chdng chu nghTa ca nhan khdng nhiing gdp ph^n cung cd, phat tridn khdi doan kdt nhat tri ma cdn thuc hien tdt cdng tac bao ve Dang trong bdi canh hgi nhap qudc td hidn nay.
Thic ndm, xay dung va hoan thien he thdng cac quy chd, quy dinh cd lien quan ddn dan chii trong Dang. Xay dung, bd sung va hoan thidn quy chd phan cap quan li can bg; quy chd bd nhidm, midn nhidm, khen thudng, ky luat can bg; quy chd chat van trong Dang; quy chd bdu cii; quy dinh lay phidu tin nhiem... theo hudng md rgng ddi tugng tham gia dam bao thyc su dan chft, khach quan. Dac bidt, cdn quan tam den vide md rgng dan chu true tidp trong Dang.
Cd ca chd cu thd dd nhan dan cd thd tham gia gdp y, phan bidn xay dyng va giam sat cdng viec cua Dang, dac biet la vd lanh dao, chi dao phat tridn kinh td - xa hgi, trudc het la nhung vdn dd cd lien quan true tidp ddn ddi sdng cua ngudi dan.
Thie sdu, thuc hidn tdt quy chd dan chu d CO sd va phap lugt dan chu d xa, phudng, thi trdn. Vide ddi thogi tryrc tiep vdi nhan dan, thuc hidn tdt cdng tac tidp dan, giai quydt don thu khidu nai, td cao cua cdng dan da gdp phdn hudng toi xay dung Chinh phu lidm chinh, kien tgo, dong thdi gop phdn ddy mgnh thuc hidn dan chu trong Dang tft cdp co sd dia phuang cho ddn Trung uang. Dac bidt, vi?c thuc hidn quy chd dan chu d ca sd phai gin vdi qua trinh tridn khai thuc hidn Nghi quydt Trung uong 4, khoa XII cua Dang vd xay dung, chinh ddn Dang va Chi thi sd 05 cua Bg Chinh tri
Nguyen Dinh Tudng vd ddy mgnh hgc tap va lam theo tu tudng,
dao dftc, phong each Hd Chi Minh.
Thie bdy, thuc hidn tdt cdng tac kidm tra, giam sat. Bk gdp phan thuc hidn dan chu trong Dang dgt dugc hidu qua cao, cdn phai chii trgng ddn kidm tra, gidm sat cap uy cac cdp trong vide thue hien Dieu Id Dang, nghi quydt, dudng ldi, chinh sach cua Dang, phap lugt ciia Nha nudc. Ddng thdi, cdn tap trung kidm tra, giam sat vide thuc hidn nguydn tac tap trung dan chu, quy chd lam vide, thuc hidn dan chu trong Dang, dac bidt la trong cdng tac can bd.
Ngoai ra, hang nam can phai quan tam ddn vide nghidn cim, dua ra cac hinh thiic danh gia can bd, dang vidn va td chftc dang ve cdng tac thuc hien dan chu trong Dang.
ThU tdm, tridn khai thuc hidn tdt Nghi quydt Trung uong 4, khoa XII cua Dang vd xay dung, chinh ddn Dang. MSi can b0, dang vidn ciing nhu cap uy, td chuc dang cac cap can phai dugfc kidm didm, danh gia ro rang uu diem, khuyet diem trong vide thuc hien dan chu. Ddng thdi, can td chiic cho cac doan thd chi'nh tn - xa hdi va nhan dan gdp y xay dung Dang, chuan bi tdt bao cao chinh trj va cdng tac nhan su cap uy cac cap trong nhidm ky tdi theo quy dinh, hudng dan cua Trung uong bao dam dan chu, cdng khai, quydt tam thuc hidn phuong hudng, nhiem vu de ra trong nhidm ky toi.
4. K^t luan
Thuc hidn dan chu trong Dang cd anh hudng to ldn den phat huy tri tu?, ban ITnh, tai nang, y chi giai phap sftc sang tgo cua
mdi can bd, dang vien va td chuc dang trong hoat dgng lanh dao cua Dang va cdng tac xay dimg Dang, trong cac ITnh vuc hoat dgng cua Dang ma dang vien tham gia.
Chinh vi vgy, xay dung va hoan thien co che thuc hidn dan chu trong Dang la rdt edn thidt va la ydu cdu khich Id dd thudng xuydn tang cudng su lanh dao cua Dang va dap ling ydu cdu cua su nghiep each mang d nudc ta trong giai doan hidn nay. Ddng thdi, xay dung va hoan thidn co chd thuc hidn dan chu trong Dang nhim md rdng dan chu trong Dang, phat huy cao do tri tud, kha nang sang tao cua tat ca dang vidn, td chftc Dang, han nfta la hgn ehe ddn muc tdi thidu nhftng bidu hidn vi pham dan chu hoac lgi dung dan chft dd lam mat doan ket, ehia re ngi bg Dang.
Tai lifu tham khao
[1] Dang C$ng san Viet Nam (2006), Vdn ki?n Dgi hgi dgi biiu todn qudc ldn thu X, Nxb Chinh trj quoc gia, H^ N^i.
[2] Dang Cgng san Vift Nam (2011), Vdn ki$n Dgi hgi dgi bieu todn quoc ldn thu XI, Nxb Chinh tri quoc gia, H^ N^i.
[3] Dang Cgng san Vi^t Nam (2015), Bdo cdo Tdng kit mgt so vdn di ly ludn - thuc tien qua 30 ndm ddi m&i (1986 - 2016), Nxb Chinh trj qufic gia, Hk Noi.
[4] H6 Chi Minh (2000), Todn tgp, t.l2, Nxb Chinh tri qu6c gia, H& N^i.
[5] H6 Chi Minh (2002), Todn tap, t.7, 10 Nxb Chinh tri quoc gia, HS Npi.
25
Moi quan he gi&a d6i moi kinh t§
va doi moi chfnh tri 6* Viet Nam hien nay
VQ Thi Thu Quyen' ' Hoc vien Bao chi va Tuyen truySn.
Email: [email protected]
Nhan ngiy 22 thing 8 nam 2019. Chip nhan dang ngiy 8 thang 10 nim 2019.
Tom t i t : Ddi mdi kinh te, ddi mdi chinh tri khong con la vdn dd mdi me, da dugc nhiSu hgc gia trong va ngoai nudc nghien cuu d cac goc do khac nhau. M6i quan he giua ddi mdi kinh te va doi mdi chinh tri co vi trf rat quan trgng trong cac moi quan h? ldn cdn dac biet chii trong, nim viing va giai quyet tdt trong qua trinh doi mdi, xay dimg chu nghTa xa hoi (CNXH) d nudc ta. Trong dieu ki^n xay dung Nha nudc phap quyen xa hgi chii nghia (XHCN) Viet Nam hi^n nay, giai quyet tot mdi quan he gifta doi mdi kinh td va ddi mdi chinh tri la nhiem vu trgng tam va la mgt ngi dung cot loi quan trgng trong cac quan diem, dudng loi, chinh sach ciia Dang Cpng san Vi|t Nam.
Tir khoa: Nhan thiic, mdi quan he, ddi mdi kinh te, ddi mdi chinh tri.
Ph&o lo^i nganh: Chinh tri hgc
Abstract: Economic renovation and political renovation are no longer new issues, having been studied by many domestic and foreign scholars from diflTerent angles. The relationship between them plays a very important role among the major relationships that need to be paid special attention to, mastered and handled well in the process of renovation and building socialism in our country. In the current context of building the socialist ruIe-of-law state of Vietriam, handling well the relationship is a central task and an important core content in the views, guidelines and policies ofthe Communist Party of Vietnam.
Keywords: Understanding, relationship, economic renovation, political renovation.
Subject classification: Politics
1. fi^t van de hien rd nhdt d quan hd gifta quydn luc chinh tri (chii ydu la quydn luc nha nudc) ddi vdi Mdi quan hd giua kinh td va chinh tri la mdi kinh td, hudng tdi sir phat tridn kinh td - xa quan he co'ban cua ddi sdng xa hdi, bidu hgi, nham bao vd chd do chfnh tri va lgi fch
Vu Thi Thu Quyen giai cdp cdm quydn. CMac va Ph.Angghen
coi quan hd gifta kinh td va chinh tn la quan he giua thugng tdng kidn tnic va ha tdng co sd. Trong do, ha tdng cosd - kinh td gift vai trd quydt dinh. Ddng thdi, thugng tang kidn true - chinh tri ciing cd tinh ddc lap tuong ddi, tac ddng trd lai hg tang ca sd. Phat tridn quan didm trdn, V.Ldnin da khai quat ban chat mdi quan he gifta kinh te va chinh tri nhu sau: "Chinh tri la su bidu hidn tap trung Clia kinh td" [13, t.42, tr.349]; "Chinh tri la kinh td cd dgng lgi" [13, t.45, tr.l47].
"Chinh tri khdng thd chidm vi tri hang dau so vdi kinh td" [13, t.42, tr.349].
Trong hon 30 nam ianh dao su nghidp ddi mdi, quan didm cfta Dang ve mdi quan he gifta ddi mdi kinh te va ddi mdi chinh tri ngay cang sang ro hon. Dang ta da van dung sang tao nhftng nguydn ly co ban cfta chu nghTa Mac - Lenin vao thuc tien phat trien kinh td - xa hgi, dn dinh chinh tri, gift vftng dinh hudng XHCN, nang cao ddi sdng vat chat va tinh than ciia nhan dan. Bai viet tap tnmg phan tich sir phat tridn nhan thftc cua Dang vd mdi quan hd giu^ ddi mdi kinh te va ddi mdi chinh trj; thyc trang va dinh hudng mdi quai he gifta ddi mdi kinh td va doi mdi chinh tri.
2. Sir phat trien nhan thftc cua Dang ta ve moi quan h | giva d§i moi kinh te va doi mdi chinh tri
2.1. Ve ddi mdi kinh ti
Nhan thftc cfta Dang vd ddi mdi kinh td chinh la qua trinh ddi mdi tu duy vk lanh dao kinh td. Dd hinh thanh dudng ldi ddi mdi toan didn. Dang ta da trai qua ba budc dot pha trong tu duy: Mgt Id, tgi Hgi nghi Trung uong 6 khoa IV (thang 8/1979), vdi
quan didm "lam cho san xudt bung ra".
Dang ta didu chinh nhiing chu truang, chinh sach kinh td, pha bd nhflng can trd dk cho luc lugng san xudt phat tridn. Hai Id, Nghi quydt Trung uong 8 khda V (6/1985) quydt dinh xda bd co chd tap trung quan lidu bao cdp, thuc hien chd do mdt gia, xda bd chd do cung cdp hidn vat theo gia thdp, chuydn mgi hoat dgng san xudt, kiiih doanh sang CO chd hgeh toan kinh doanh XHCN, chuydn ngan hang sang nguydn tde kinh doanh. Ba Id, nhiing kdt luan quan trgng cua Hgi nghi Bg Chinh tri khda V (8/1986), cd tinh chat budc ngoat trong nhgn thftc ve ddi mdi kinh td: (1) bd tri lai ca cdu kinh td, CO cau dau tu, lay ndng nghidp lam mat trgn hang dau, ra sftc phat tridn cdng nghidp nhe, cdng nghiep ngng dugc phat tridn cd chgn Igc; (2) thua nhan co cau kinh td nhidu thanh phan trong thdi ky qua do ldn CNXH d nudc ta; (3) trong co chd quan ly kinh td thira nhan lay kd hoach lam trung tam nhung phai su dung dftng quan he tien td, hang hda. Day la su phat tridn vugt bac vd tu duy ly luan ddi mdi kinh te gan vdi ddi mdi chinh tri cua Dang ta.
Trdn co sd tdng kdt thuc tidn lanh dao ddt nudc hon 30 nam ddi mdi, ly luan vd con dudng di ldn CNXH d nudc ta, trong dd cd ddi moi kinh td, ngay cang sang td hon. Dai hgi Dang VI (nam 1986), dd ra dudng ldi ddi mdi toan didn dat nudc; budc chuydn quan trgng trong nhan thftc vd CNXH va con dudng di ldn CNXH da dugc khdng dinh va cd anh hudng quyet dinh ddn vide hinh thanh he thdng thd chd kinh td thi trudng (KTTT) dinh huong XHCN sau nay;
ddn nam 1989, Dang ta cd budc chuyen can ban vd nhgn thftc, ly luan khi thfta nhan co chd quan ly mdi la "co chd thi trudng cd su quan ly cfta Nha nudc dinh hudng XHCN"
Dai hgi Dang VII (nam 1991) dd ra nhiem vu phai tidp tuc xay dung ndn kinh te hang 27
Khoa hgc xa hpi Viet Nam, s6 12 - 2019 hoa nhidu thanh phan va ddi mdi kinh td, nhan manh san xuat hang hoa khdng ddi lap vdi CNXH, "chung ta chu truong thuc hidn nhat quan chinh sach kinh td nhidu thanh phan theo dinh hudng XHCN" [4, tr.l 16].
Khi dat nudc dgt dugc nhftng thanh tuu quan trgng budc dau, thoat khdi khiing hoang kinh te - xa hpi, Dai hpi Dang VIII (nam 1996), da xac dinh muc tieu day mgnh cdng nghidp hda (CNH), hidn dai hda (HDH) dat nudc, xay dung nudc ta thanh mpt nudc cdng nghidp vao nam 2020. Dgi hpi Dang IX (nam 2001), chinh thftc dua ra 'khai nidm "KTTT dinh hudng XHCN",
khang dinh xay dung va phat tridn ndn KTTT dinh hudng XHCN la md hinh kinh td tdng quat, la dudng ldi chien luge nhat quan cfta Viet Nam trong thdi ky qua dp di len CNXH. Trudc bdi canh day manh hpi nhap qudc td sau, rpng, Dai hpi Dang X (nam 2006) da danh dau nhung budc tidn mdi, manh me han, ro rang hon trong tu duy ly luEm ve KTTT dinh hudng XHCN.
Dang ta chft truang tiep tuc hoan thidn thd chd KTTT dinh hudng XHCN, ddy manh CNH, HDH gdn vdi phat tridn kinh td tri thftc; chft dpng hpi nhap kinh te qudc td. Tai Hpi nghi Trung uong 6 khda X (3/2008), Dang ta dua ra khai niem chinh thftc: "Nen KTTT dinh hudng XHCN la ndn kinh td trong do cac thidt chd, cdng c\i va nguyen tde van hanh KTTT dugc tu giac tao lap va sft dung de giai phdng tridt dd sftc san xudt, timg budc cai thidn ddi sdng cfta nhan dan, vi muc tidu ddn giau, nudc manh, xa hpi cdng bang, dan chu, van minh" [3].
Dgi hpi XI Dang (2011), xac dinh ro, cdn phai dung trdn quan didm lich sft - cu thd va quan didm thuc tidn, xuat phat tu didu kidn doi mdi cfta Vidt Nam va xu thd phat trien kinh td tri thftc trong thdi dai each mgng khoa hgc - cdng nghd, xa hdi thdng tin dd thdy tinh hgp ly trong dieu chinh nhgn
thftc tft tu duy vd chd dp cdng hftu vd cac tu lieu san xudt chft ydu sang tu duy vd quan he san xudt tidn bp phft hgp. Dai hdi Dang XII (2016), chu truang tidp tuc ddi mdi md hinh tang trudng, co cdu lgi ndn kinh td; day manh CNH, HDH gin vdi phat tridn kinh te tri thuc; hoan thidn thd chd, phat tridn KTTT dinh hudng XHCN; khdng dinh md hinh KTTT dinh hudng XHCN Viet Nam la ndn kinh td van hanh ddy du, ddng bd theo cac quy lugt cfta KTTT, ddng thdi bao dam dinh hudng XHCN phu hgp vdi timg giai doan phat tridn cfta ddt nudc. Dd la nen KTTT hidn dai va hdi nhap qudc td, cd su quan Iy cua Nha nudc phap quydn XHCN, do Dang Cpng san Viet Nam lanh dao.
Tai Hpi nghj Trung uang 5 khda XII (2017), Dang ta khdng dinh phat tridn kinh td tu nhan trd thanh ddng luc quan trgng cua ndn KTTT dinh hudng XHCN, gdp phan phat tridn kinh td - xa hpi nhanh, ben vung, khdng ngimg ndng cao ddi sdng cfta nhan dan, thuc hidn tidn bp, cdng bdng xS hdi, bao dam qudc phdng, an ninh, sdm dua nudc ta trd thanh nudc cdng nghidp theo hudng hien dai.
Nhu vgy, cimg vdi qua trinh ddi mdi, he thdng quan didm, ly Iuan ve ddi mdi kinh td, vd KTTT dinh hudng XHCN da dugc hinh thanh va ngay cang sang td hon. DSy ciing chinh la ndn tang Iy luan ca ban de Viet Nam tgo dung cho minh he thdng thd chd kinh td mdi, vfta dap ftng duoc cac yeu cau cua ndn KTTT, vfta bao dam dugc muc tidu xay dung xa hpi theo dinh hudng XHCN. Dang ta da dd ra phuang hudng giai quydt tdt mdi quan hd bidn chftng gifta KTTT va CNXH. KTTT dugc su dung nhu mdt cdng cu, phuong tipn dd xay dung CNXH. KTTT dinh hudng XHCN la md hinh kinh td phft hgfp vdi dac didm cfta ddt nudc. pay la vdn dd mang tinh chidn luge dd xay dung thanh cdng CNXH d Vidt Nam.
Vii Thi Thu Quyen 2.2. Ve doi m&i chinh tri
Trudc day chftng ta diing khai niem chuyen chinh vd san dd chi he thdng va co cdu cac CO quan quyen lire lanh dgo va quan ly xa hpi. Dai hpi Dang VI xac dinh Nha nudc ta la Nha nudc chuydn chinh vd san thuc hidn chd dp dan chu XHCN, khdng dinh "Dan bidt, dan ban, dan lam, dan kidm tra... thd Men chd dd nhan dan lao dpng tu quan ly nha nudc cfta minh" [1, tr.l 12]; "On dinh va phat trien gan lidn vdi nhau trong qua trinh van ddng tidn ldn, dn dinh dd phat trien va cd phat tridn mdi dn dinh" [1, tr.43]. Day chinh la quan didm xudt phat cho vide ddi mdi chinh tri. Tft dd, Dang ta chu tnrong: (1) thuc hidn "mgt cupc cai each ldn vd td chftc bp may nha nudc" theo hudng tang cudng quydn lam chft cfta nhan dan, giam bdt phien ha cho nhan dan va phdn dinh ro chftc nang quan ly kinh td cfta cac nganh va dia phuang; (2) tang cudng quan ly bang phap luat di ddi vdi tang cudng vai trd cfta Nha nudc trong vide xay dung phap lugt va tuydn truydn, giao due cho nhan dan; (3) ddi mdi va tang cudng su lanh dgo cua Dang, dap ftng ydu cdu cua su nghidp xay d\mg CNXH.
Tft Hpi nghi Trung uong 6 khda VI, Dang ta bdt ddu dung khai nigm he thdng chinh tri (HTCT). HTCT bao gdm cac bp phan cdu thanh la Dang, Nha nudc, Mgt trgn Td qudc va cac doan thd nhan dan va mdi quan he, tac dpng qua lgi gifta cac td chftc do. HTCT thd hidn rd net nhdt co chd thuc hidn quydn luc chinh tri d nudc ta la
"Dang lanh dao, Nha nudc quan ly, nhan dan lam chft". Dang ta da xac dinh nhidm vu ve ddi moi to chftc va phuang thftc hoat dpng cua HTCT. Nhu vgy, Ddng ta da nhan thftc ro hon tinh he thdng, tinh chinh thd va
mdi quan he gifta cac bp phan cdu thanh he thdng, tach bidt tuong ddi giua he thdng td chftc bp may vdi cac ydu td khac cfta ndn chuih tri, xac dinh ro Mat tran.Td qudc Viet Nam va 5 doan the nhan dan la thanh vidn cua HTCT.
Dai hpi Dang VII, Dang ta ghi rd muc tidu tdng quat cfta HTCT: "Toan bp td chftc va hogt dpng cfta HTCT nudc ta trong giai doan mdi la nham xay dung va timg budc hoan thidn nen dan chft XHCN, bao dam quydn lire thupc vd nhan dan" [2, tr.l9], va xac dinh: "Thuc hidn dan chft XHCN la thuc chat cfta vide ddi mdi va kien toan HTCT. Day vua la muc tidu, vfta la ddng luc cfta cdng cupc ddi mdi" [4, tr.90]. Nhu vay, ddi mdi HTCT khdng phai la thay ddi chd dp chinh tri, ma lam cho chd dp chinh tri da dugc kidn lap d nudc ta ngay cang bdn vung hon, thd hidn dftng ddn va ddy dft hon ban chat XHCN, phat huy tinh uu vidt va vai trd tich cue cfta chinh tri ddi vdi s\r phat tridn kinh td - xa hdi. Dang ta xac dinh trgng tam cfta ddi mdi HTCT la ddi mdi td chftc va phuong thftc hogt ddng cfta cac bp phan cau thanh he thdng. Van dd mau chdt nhat va ciing khd nhat la ddi mdi phuang thftc lanh dao cua Dang ddi vdi Nha nudc, khac phuc ca hai khuynh hudng thudng xay ra trong thuc td: hoac la Dang bao bidn lam thay Nha nudc, hoac la budng long su lanh dgo cua Dang. Trong Cuong ITnh nam 1991, ldn dau tien Dang ta ndu ra quan nidm hoan chinh vd phuong thuc Ianh dgo cfta Dang.
Dang lanh dao bang cuang ITnh, chidn luge, cac dinh hudng ve chinh sach va chft truang cdng tac, bdng cdng tac tuydn truyen, thuydt phuc, van dpng, td chftc kidm tra va bang hanh dpng guong mau cfta dang vidn [7, tr.l47]. Vd nguydn tde td chftc Nha nudc, ldn ddu tien Dang ta xac dinh: "Nha nudc
29
Khoa hoc xa hpi Viet Nam, sd 12 - 2019 Viet Nam thdng nhat ba quydn lap phap, hanh phap va tu phap, vdi su phan cdng ranh mach ba quydn dd" [2, tr.2D]. Xet vd hieu qua lanh dao chinh tri, cd thd ndi rdng, tu duy ly lugn cfta Dang ta trong nhiing nam ddi mdi cho phep tao ra nhftng bude tidn mdi vd ddi mdi phucmg thftc lanh dgo eua Dang, cd budc dot pha quan trgng vao khau khd nhat, nhay cam nhat ma nhidu nam trudc day chua thao gd dugc. Day la mpt cdng hidn quan trgng cua Dang ta vao sir phat trien ly lugn vd dang cam quydn.
Dgi hpi Dang IX khang dinh nguydn tac td chftc va hoat dpng cfta Nha nudc phap quydn XHCN: Quydn luc nha nudc la th6ng nhat, cd su phan cdng va phdi hgp giua cac ca quan nha nudc trong vide thuc hidn cac quydn lap phap, hanh phap va tu phap. Dan chft XHCN vfta la muc tidu, vfta la dpng luc cfta cdng cupc ddi mdi, xay dung va bao vd Td qudc, thd hidn mdi quan he gan bd gifta Dang, Nha nudc va nhan dan. Ban Hidn phap sfta ddi (nam 2001) cung nhdn mgnh: Nha nudc Cpng hoa XHCN Vidt Nam la Nha nudc phap quydn XHCN cfta nhan dan, do nhan dan, vi nhdn dan. Tat ca quydn lire nha nudc thupc vd nhan dan, ma ndn tang la lidn minh giua giai cdp cdng nhan vdi giai cap ndng dan va dpi ngu tri thftc.
Trong dae trung xa hpi XHCN, Dgi hpi Dang X xac dinh "do nhan dan lam chft" thay cho "do nhan dan lao dpng iam chft", thd hien tu duy mdi. Dgi hpi nhdn mgnh: Chftng ta chft truong xay dung mpt xa hdi dan chft, trong dd can bp, dang vidn va cdng chftc phai that su la cdng bpc cua nhan dan, chiu s\r giam sat cua nhan dan [6, tr.45].
Dgi hgi Dang XII chft truong xay dung, hoan thidn Nha nudc phap quydn XHCN
phai tien hanh ddng bp ca lap phap, hanh phap, Ur phap va dugc tidn hanh ddng bd vdi ddi mdi HTCT theo hudng tinh ggn, hidu lire, hidu qua; gdn vdi ddi mdi kinh te, van hoa, xa hpi. Tidp tuc ddi mdi, kidn toan td chftc bp may cfta Dang va he thdng chinh trj gan vdi hoan thien chftc nang, nhidm vu, nang cao chdt lugng dpi ngu can bd, cdng chftc; xac dinh ro quan he giua tap thd lanh dao vdi ca nhan phu trach; quydn han di ddi vdi trach nhiem va dd cao trach nhiem cfta ngudi dftng ddu. Hoan thipn va thuc hien nghidm co chd kidm soat quydn luc, ngan ngfta su Igm quydn, vi pham ky luat, ky^
cuong. Nghidn cuu thuc hidn thi didm hgp nhat mpt s6 ca quan dang va nha nudc tuong ddng vd chftc nang, nhiem vy.
Trong bdi canh dat dugc nhidu thanh t\m vd phat tridn kinh td, Ddng ta chft tniong tidp tuc ddi mdi chinh fti, nhat la kidn toan HTCT. Tai Hdi nghi Trung uong 6 khda XH, Dang ta khdng dinh: Tidp tuc ddi mdi, s ^ xep td chftc bp may cua HTCT tinh ggn, hogt dpng hidu luc, hidu qua va phu hgp vdi thd chd KTTT dinh hudng XHCN nhdm ta:^ cudng vai trd lanh dao cua Dang; nang cao hidu luc, hidu qua quan ly cfta Nha nudc va chdt lugng hoat dpng cua Mat trgn Td qudc, cac doan the chmh tri-xa hpi; phat huy quydn lam chft cfta nhan dan. Tinh gian bidn chd gan vdi co cdu lgi, nang cao chat lugng, sft dui^ hidu qua dpi ngu can bp, cdng chftc, vien chftc; giam chi thudng xuydn va gdp phdn cai each chinh sach tidn luong.
Trai qua hon 30 nam ddi mdi. Dang ta thudng xuydn chft trgng tim tdi, nghien cftu nham ddi mdi chinh tri cho phft hgp vdi didu kidn phat tridn KTTT dinh hudng XHCN va hpi nhgp quoc td. Theo quan didm cfta Dang, trgng tam cfta ddi mdi chinh tri la ddi mdi HTCT, tgp trung
Vu Thi Thu Quyin vao d6i mai t6 chiic bp mdy, nOi dung va
phucmg thuc hoat dgng cua cac to chuc trong HTCT, dan chu hoa cac mfii quan he trong HTCT, lam cho HTCT thuc sir trong sgch, vfing manh, tro thanh dong Iuc chu y6u nhim khai ddy va phat huy toi da mpi nguon luc va su sang tao ciia xa hpi phuc vu cho su nghidp xay dimg CNXII. Muc ti6u cua d6i moi HTCT la nham day mjuih dan chu hoa xa hpi, phat huy day dii quyen lam chu cua nhSn dan.
2.3. Ve moi qttan he giUa doi m&i kinh ti va doi mai chinh tri
Quan dijm cua Dang ta vg m6i quan he giua d6i moi kinh te va d6i moi chinh tri ngay cang ro net hon qua cac ky Dai hpi Dang thai ky d6i mod:
Dai hpi Dang VI, trSn tinh thin nhin thang vao su that, danh gia dllng su thSt, noi ro sir that, da danh gid dung nhfing thanh tm, han ch6, nguySn nhan cua nhttng thanh tuu va ban chi, tir do khing dinh yeu cau truoc het pbai doi moi tu duy cbinb tri trong xac dmh duang I6i d6i npi va d5i ngoai. Trong quan he gitta d6i mai kinh ti va d6i mod chinh tri, Dang ta xac dinh truoc tien phai doi moi kinh ti, chuySn tit kinh te ke hoEich boa tap trung quan lieu, bao cap sang kinh ti hang b6a nhiSu thanb phan CO su quan ly cua Nha nuac. Phai doi mod, kien toan be th6ng chuyen chinh vo san, gitt vfing 6n dinh chinh tri - xa hpi tap ti& ii cbo c6ng cu6c d6i mod. Nbu v|ly, vai viec d6i mai tu duy chinh tri trong hoach dinh duong I6i, chinh sach cia Dai h6i VI, Ddng ta dd tbe hien ro quan diSm d5i m6i chinh tri. Tilp do, Hpi nghi Trung uong 6 khoa VI neu ra 6 nguySn fdc d6i mai, nhin manh d6i mffl
kinh ti, ddng thai timg buac d6i mdi t6 chirc va phuong thilc boat dpng ciia cac t6 chiic chinh tri.
Dai hpi Dang VII riit ra bai hpc kinh nghiem Id: dpi mai toan dien, d6ng bp vd triet de, nbung phai co buac di, hinh thuc va each ldm phu hop. Nhan thilc re ban tam quan trpng cua moi quan hS gitta d6i mai kinh ti vd d6i moi chinh tri, Nghj quyjt Dai hpi ghi ro: "Vi quan h$ gitta doi mai kinh ti va d6i mcri chinh tri, phdi tap trung silc ldm t6t d6i moi kinh te, dap ling nhttng dpi hoi cdp bach cua nhan ddn ve doi s6ng, viec lam vd cac nhu cdu xd boi khac, xdy dung co sa vat chdt - ky thuat cua CNXH, coi do Id diSu kien quan trpng 6i tiin hdnh thuan Ipi dSi mdi trong linh virc chinh tri. D6ng thai vdi doi moi kinh te, phdi tirng buac d6i mdi td chile va phuang thiic hoat dong cila HTCT..."[4, tr.54].
Trong bdi cdnh dat nudc con dang trong tinb trang khung hodng kinh td - xd bdi. Dang ta chu truang tap tnmg ddi mdi kinh te trudc. Vi tbeo quan didm cua chil nghia duy vdt licb sil, xet ddn cung, kinh td Id nhan to quydt dinh. Co ddi mdi, phdt tridn kinh td mdi tao lap dupc cac dieu ki^n ca ban de gitt viing dn djnh chinh tri - xa hpi va tien hanh ddi mdi chinh tri thuan lai. Ben canh do phdi ddi mdi chinh tri de tao thuc day phdt trien kinh te, neu khdng chinb tri se can trd kinh te.
Dai hdi Dang VIII khang dinh: ket hpp chat che ngay tu dau ddi mdi kinh te vdi ddi mdi chinb tri, lay ddi mdi kinh te lam trpng tam, ddng thdi timg budc ddi mdi chinh tri.
Xay dimg ndn ddn chu XHCN la mpt npi dung ca ban cua ddi mdi HTCT d nudc ta.
Xdy dimg ndn kinh td hang hoa nhieu thdnh phan van hdnh theo co chd thi trudng phai 31
Khoahocxahpi VietNam, sd 12-2019 di ddi vdi tang cudng vai trd quan If cfta Nha nudc theo dinh hudng XHCN.
Trong Dgi hpi Dang IX, phat tri^n tu duy vd chinh tri khi xac dinh ro ndi ham vd con dudng tidn ldn CNXH bd qua chd dp TBCN. Dang xac dinh chidn luoc phat tridn kinh td - xa hgi theo hudng ddy mgnh CNH, HDH, xay dung ndn kinh td ddc lap, tu chu;
dua nudc ta trd thanh mdt nudc cdng nghidp. Tuang ftng vdi ndn KTTT dinh hudng XHCN, Dang thd hidn quydt tam ddi mdi HTCT: "Cai each td chftc va hogt dpng cfta Nha nudc gdn lidn vdi xay dung, chinh ddn Dang, ddi mdi npi dung, phuong thftc lanh dgo eua Dang ddi vdi Nha nudc. Xay dung bg may nha nudc tinh ggn... Tidp tuc ddi mdi phuang thftc hoat dpng cfta Mat tran Td qudc va cac doan thd nhan dan, khdc phuc tinh trgng hanh chinh hda, phd truong, hinh thftc, xa dan" [6, tr.47-48]. Dgi hpi Dang X nhan mgnh nguyen tac: "Ddi mdi toan didn, ddng bp, cd ke thfta, cd budc di, hinh thftc va each iam phft hop...
Ddi mdi tat ca cac mat cfta ddi sdng xa hpi nhung phai cd trgng tam, trgng didm, cd nhung b u d c di thich hgp; bao dam su gdn kdt chat che va ddng bp gifta ba nhidm vu: phat trien kinh td la trung tam, xay dung Dang la then chdt va phat tridn.
van hda - ndn tang tinh than cfta xa hpi...
Nang cao nang lire lanh dgo va sftc chidn ddu cfta Dang, khdng ngftng ddi mdi HTCT, xdy dung va tftng budc hoan thidn ndn dan chu XHCN, bao dam quydn luc thudc vd nhan dan" [5, tr.70-72]. Dgi hpi Dang XI xac dinh quan didm: "Ddi mdi ddng bp, phft hop ve kinh td va chinh tri, vi muc tidu xay dung nudc Viet Nam xa hpi chft nghia dan giau, nudc mgnh, dan chft, cdng bdng, van minh" [8]. Dai hpi Dang XII chi ro: "Xay dung, hoan thidn
Nha nudc phap quydn xa hpi chft nghia phai tidn hanh dong bg ca lap phap, hanh phap, tu phap va dugc tidn hanh dong bp vdi ddi mdi he thdng chinh tri theo hudng tinh ggn, hidu luc, hidu qua; gdn vdi d6i mdi kinh te, van hoa, xa hpi"; "Thdi ky mdi ddi hdi phai phat tridn dat nudc toan didn, ddng bd hem vd chinh tri, kinh td, van hoa, xa hpi, quoc phdng, an ninh, ddi ngogi, trong dd phat tridn kinh td - xa hpi la himg tam; xay dung Dang la then chdt; xay dung van hoa, con ngudi iam ndn tang tinh thdn; tang cudng qudc phdng, an ninh la trgng ydu, tiiudng xuyen [9, tr.4]. Va "quan he gifta ddi mdi kinh td va ddi mdi ehinh tri la mpt trong tam mdi quan he ldn cdn giai quyet trong giai doan hipn nay". Dd la: quan hp gifta doi mdi, dn dinh va phat tridn; gifta ddi mdi kinh td va ddi mdi chinh tri; gifta tuSn theo cac quy luEit thi trudng va bao dam dinh hudng xa hpi chft nghTa; giua phat trien l\rc luong san xuat va xay dung, hoan thipn tung budc quan he san xuat; giiia nha nudc va thi trudng; gifta tang trudng kinh te va phat tridn van hoa, thyrc hipn tidn bp va cdng bdng xa hdi; giua xay dung chft nghia xa hpi va bao vd Td qudc xa hpi chft ngMa;
giua dpc lap, tu chft va hpi nhap qudc te;
gifta Dang lanh dao, Nha nudc quan ly, nhan dan lam chft,... Tuy nhien. Dang ciing nhgn dinh: "Ddi mdi chinh t 4 chua ddng bp vdi ddi moi kinh te, nang lire va hidu qua hoat dpng cfta HTCT chua ngang tam n h i d m v u " [ 9 , ft.68].
Tai Hpi nghi Tnmg uang 6 khda XII, Dang ta ndu ro muc tidu: tang cudng su lanh dgo cfta Dang, hieu luc quan ly cfta Nha nudc, phat huy vai trd cua Mat tran Td qudc, cac doan thd chinh tri - xa hpi va quydn lam chft cua nhan dan; bam sat Cuong ITnh, Hidn phap, Didu Id va cac vSn
Vu Thi Thu Quyen kidn cua Dang trong viec ddi mdi, sap xdp
td chftc bp may cfta HTCT; dgt hrong tdng thd nhidm vu xay dung, chinh ddn Dang;
thuc hidn ddng bp vdi ddi mdi kinh td, dap ftng ydu cau xay dung, hoan thidn Nha nudc phap quyen XHCN, phat tridn KTTT dinh hudng XHCN va hpi nhgp qudc td [10].
Nhu vay, ddn nhung nam dau thd ky XXI, khi dat nudc ta da dat dugc nhftng thanh tuu to Idn, nen kinh td phat tridn mgnh me, ddi sdng cfta cac tang ldp nhan dan dugc cai thidn va ngay cang nang cao, dn dinh chinh tri dugc gift viing, nghia la sftc ep vd phat trien kinh td khdng cdn gay gat nhu trudc. Dang ta chft truang ddi mdi toan dien, ddng bp ca kinh td, chinh tri va van hda, bao dam sir phat tridn hai hda, ben vftng.
3. Giai quyit m6i quan hf giira doi mdi ldnh te va dhi mdi ehinh tri d Vift Nam Thuc tidn han 30 nam ddi mdi, tft chft truong uu tien phat tridn kinh td, lay "phat tridn kinh td la nhidm vu trung tam, xay dung Dang la then chdt", ddn ddi mdi toan dien, ddng bp ca kinh te va chinh tri. Dang ta da lanh dgo phat tridn kinh td - xa hpi ddt nudc dgt nhieu thanh tuu quan trgng, dua dat nudc thoat khdi khftng hoang, day mgnh CNH, HDH, hpi nhap kinh td qudc td sau rdng, trd thanh nudc cd mftc thu nhap trung binh thdp tren thd gidi. Tft nam 1986 ddn nay, tde dp tang trudng kinh td Viet Nam tang binh quan gan 7%/nam, vao loai cao cua khu vuc va the gidi [14]. Kinh td vT md dn dinh, lam phat dugc kidm soat, no cdng cd xu hudng giam dan, du tru ngogi td tang.
GDP/dau ngudi tang tft gdn 100 USD/ngudi nam 1986 ldn 471 USD/ngudi/nam vao
nam 2003, ddn gdn 2.500USD/ngudi nam 2018. Quy md ndn kinh td dgt hon 5.000 ty ddng, tuong img hon 220 ty USD [12]. Ndn KTTT ngay cang phat tridn, cac ngudn luc dugc giai phdng, cac thanh phdn kinh td cd dieu kidn bung ra, dau tu true tidp nudc ngoai ngay cang tang; nhu cdu tieu thu, trao ddi hang hda, dich vu trong nudc va qudc td dugc md rpng, thuc ddy xudt nhgp khdu hang hda. Ndu nam 1986 tdng kim ngach xudt nhgp khdu chi dat 2.944 tridu USD, thi nam 2017, tang ldn tdi 425 ty USD (xudt sidu hon 2,9 ty USD [12]; nam 2018 dat 480 ty USD, xudt sidu dgt 6,8 ty USD, cao hon 3 ldn so vdi mftc xudt sidu nam 2017 [16]. Cac chuong trinh, du an dau tu nhdm xda ddi giam ngheo dgt hidu qua cao, tao didu kien cho cac hp ngheo, tham gia san xuat kinh doanh vuon ldn thoat ngheo va trd thanh hd kha gia, ndn hp ngheo ca nudc da giam dan qua cac gial doan phat trien, ndu nam 1993 ty Id hp ngheo trdn ca nudc la 58%, thi ddn nam 2017 chi cdn 6,72%;
nam 2018 la 5,35% [15].
Mac dft dgt dugc nhirng thanh tuu to ldn, nhung ddi mdi chinh tri chua theo kip ddi mdi kinh td, thgm chi cd luc can trd kinh td.
Trong khi ndn KTTT ngay cang hoan thidn vd thd chd, da dang hoa cac logi hinh san xudt kinh doanh, cac logi thi trudng, thi thd chd chinh tri van chua quydt liet thay ddi, chua tgo ra budc dpt pha trong chi dao va hanh dpng cu thd. Sau hon 30 nam ddi mdi, HTCT, nhdt la bp may nha nudc van cdng kdnh, chdng cheo, hoat dpng kem hidu qua;
cai cdch hanh chinh tidn hanh tu lau nhung van cdn nhidu khau can trd doanh nghiep, lam thui chpt nhiet huydt va dpng luc phat tridn san xudt, kinh doanh cfta cac thanh phan kinh te.
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Khoa hgc xa hpi Vigt Nam, so 12-2019 van cdn nhidu khoang trdng phap ly, thidu nhidu co chd, chinh sach, chua dap ftng kip nhu cdu phat tridn cfta ndn kinh td thi trudng; hoac nhidu chinh sach hidn khdng edn phft hgp. Tde dp tang trudng kinh td cao nhung chat lugng tang trudng thap, chua bdn vflng. Mac dft cdng cupc xda ddi giam ngheo dat thanh tich cao, sd hp ngheo giam, nhung khoang each giau ngheo khdng giam ma ngay cang tang, gdy bftc xftc xa hpi.
Mac du Dang va Nha nudc da kip thdi nhgn ra sir bdt cap chua ddi mdi chinh tri, da day manh ddi mdi phuong thftc lanh dgo va phuang thftc quan ly, nhung trdn thuc td thuc hien cdn cham, chua nhat quan, chua hidu qua; chua cd budc dpt pha. Ydu nhat van la khau thuc hien chinh sach cua cac ca quan nha nudc. Mpt bp phgn can bp dang vidn, cdng chftc chua guong mau, thoai hoa bidn chat, hach sach, nhung nhidu ngudi dan va doanh nghiep, gay ndn nhiing hau qua xau, lam mat nidm tm cfta nhan dan vao Dang, Nha nudc; ddng thdi dan den tinh trgng tham nhiing, lang phi, quan lidu ngay cang nghidm trgng.
Dd giai quydt tdt-mdi quan he gifta ddi mdi kinh td va ddi mdi chinh tri, Dang ta da xac dinh: ddi mdi chinh tri xuat phat tft ddi hdi cua ddi mdi kinh td. Trong thdi ky mdi, khi xu thd toan cdu hda, kinh td tri thftc, khoa hgc - cdng nghe phat tridn nhu vii bao, ddi hdi chinh tri phai ddi radi nhanh, ddng bp, thftc day kinh td phat trien dn dinh. Do dd, nhiem vu trgng tam eua ca HTCT nudc ta la phai xay dung dugc mdi trudng chinh tri - phap ly thuEui lgi, tgo didu kidn cho ndn KTTT phat tridn 6n dinh, theo dinh hudng XHCN. Cu thd:
Thie nhdt. vd ddi mdi kmh td. Tidp tuc phat tridn ndn KTTT dinh hudng XHCN.
Hoan thidn, phat tridn cac thd chd KTTT, tu thi trudng lao dpng, thi trudng chftng khodn, thj trudng bdt ddng san, thi trudng khoa hgc - cdng nghd... Phai ddi mdi tu duy kinh td theo hudng xae dinh kinh te nha nudc vdn gift viing vai trd chft dgo trong ndn kinh td qudc dan, nhung tinh chft dao do phai dua tren co sd cd dft nang Iftc cgnh tranh binh ddng vdi cac thanh phdn kinh td khac, canh tranh mpt each van hda, lanh manh theo phap lugt. Td chftc, sdp xdp lgi thanh phdn kinh td hgp tac, trgng tam la d khu vuc ndng thdn. Giai quydt vdn dd ndng nghidp, ndng dan va ndng thdn theo hudng kinh td dieh vu, hgp tac san xuat ldn, hgp tac dua trdn quan he lgi ich, phuong thftc quan ly tidn tidn, phft hgp vdi co che thi trudng. Tgo co chd thuan lgi phat tridn cac logi hinh doanh nghidp, cac hinh thftc td chftc san xuat, kinh doanh vdi sd hiiu hdn hgp, nhat la cac doanh nghidp cd phan. Ddi mdi tu duy vd kinh te tu nhan theo chft truang cfta Dang, tgo didu kidn vd phap ly, ca che cho ngudi dan lam kinh td, dd kinh td tu nhan phat trien da dgng, phong phft.
Day mgnh lidn kdt kinh td nha nudc vdi kinh td tu nhan dd tang ngudn luc ddu tu tap trung trgng didm, tdng hgp sue mgnh kinh td dd giai quydt cac van de cfta KTTT, va tgo dpng luc, nidm tin d^ thu hut cac nha ddu tu trong nudc va nudc ngoai.
Tgo didu kien tdi da cho cac thanh phdn kinh td dau tu vao cac ITnh vuc san xudt kinh doanh dua vao tri thftc, cdng nghd cao, nhu cdng nghidp chd tgo, edng nghiep vgt lidu mdi; day manh hogt dpng khdi nghidp sang tao, ho trg cac doanh nghiep vfta va nhd ddu tu ddi mdi cdng nghd, tgo ra dpng luc phat tridn mdi thue ddy tang trudng kinh td, nang cao nang sudt, chdt lugng san phdm, nang lire cgnh tranh tren thi tnidng
Vii Thi Thu Quyen trong nudc, khu vuc va quoc te. Ddng thdi,
nhanh chdng ap dung thanh tuu khoa hgc - cdng nghe vao san xudt ndng nghidp va chd bien ndng Iam thuy san.
Thif hai, ddi mdi chinh tri ddng bp, phft hgp vdi ddi mdi kinh td. Tidp tuc nghidn eftu ly lugn va tdng kdt thuc tien dd lam sang td van dk Dang cam quydn, Nha nudc phap quydn dinh hudng XHCN. Day mgnh xay d\mg va hoan thipn cac yeu to cfta Nha nudc phap quyen va gift viing dinh hudng XHCN. Ddng thdi phai xiy dung day dft, ddng bd cac co chd, chinh sach dd kidm soat quyen lue, d\ia vao dan va tao didu kipn cho dan tich cue tham gia ddi sdng chinh t r i - x a hpi, phat huy dan chu mpt
•each thuc chat, tranh dan chft hinh thftc.
Giai quydt tdt mdi quan hp gifta Dang lanh dgo, Nha nudc quan ly va nhan dan lam chft.
Khac phuc nhflng han chi cfta HTCT bSng each tidp tuc ddi mdi bp may chinh tri theo hudng tinh ggn, thanh lge, tinh gian bidn che, kidn quydt dau traifti chdng tham nhftng. Dang phai tap trung vao giai quydt mdi quan he gifta dn dinh, ddi mdi va phat trida phai ddi mdi va phat triin nhanh, ddi mdi CO ban, toan dipn, tridt de, chft khdng chi la cai tidn, didu chinh mpt khau nao dd;
ddng thdi ddi mdi nhung phai gift dugc dn djnh chinh tri r xa hpi. Cd gift dugc dn dinh chinh tri thi mdi cd didu kipn ddi mdi kinh te. D6i mdi phai tidn hanh "tft trdn xudng"
va "tft dudi len", cd nhung budc di chft dgng, viing chic. Nha nudc phai thay ddi chftc nSng, ddi mdi bp may va thd chd nhan sir. Trudc day Nha nudc ndm giii thuc td toan bp tai san qudc dan vi quan ly mgi hoat dpng kinh td vi md va vi md, tft dd nay sinh nhidu hgn che nhu: bp mdy cong kinh, quan lidu, hidu qua thap. Trong thdi kj^ ddi mdi, the chd KTTT khach quan ddi hdi Nha
nudc chuyen tft didu tiit ttuc tidp mgi hoat dpng kinh td sang didu tiit gian tiip ddi vdi kinh te vi md, ddng thdi phai sdp xdp lgi bp may va nhan sir cho phft hgp. Xay dung mpt chd dp chinh tri dan chft, Nha nudc phap quydn XHCN, nang cao quydn dan chft cfta nhan dan. GiG vftng dn dinh chinh tri, hoa binh, tranh thft su ddng tmh, ftng hp va hgp tac ngay cang rpng rai cfta thi gidi
Cac CO quan nha nudc, va chinh quyen dia phuong cdn ra soat lai cac thd chi, co chd, chinh sach da ban hanh, mgnh dan loai bd nhiing co chd, van ban khdng cdn phft hgp; xay dung cac chinh sach mdi, tao didu kidn thftc day cac thanh phdn kinh te phat tridn, nhat la thatih phdn kinh te tu nhan.
4. Kit luan
Kinh td ddi mdi mgnh me ddi hdi chinh t4 phai ddi mdi cho tuong thich. Ndu chi doi mdi kinh te ma khdng ddi mdi chinh tri thi kinh td sd bi can trd, bi trdi bupe trong the che eu. Ddi mdi kinh te ddi hdi phai md rpng quydn lire cfta cac tdng ldp nhan dan, cfta kinh ti tu nhan, phat huy tinh tich c\rc cfta cac doanh nghiep. Neu chinh tri khdng ddi mdi, bp may nha nudc sd n5ng ne, chdng cheo, sinh ra ngn quan lidu, khidn cac don vj CO sd thy dpng, cac doanh nghipp thui chpt tinh nang dpng, sang tgo. Mpt bdn ndi rpng quyin l\rc kinh td, mpt bdn thau tdm quyin l\rc chinh tri duong nhidn se ckn dudng phat triin kinh td.
Su phat triin cfta KTTT ddi hdi phai ddy manh dan chft hda chfnh tri. Tidn dd cho su phat triin cua KTTT chinh la dan chft hda kinh ti. Dan chu hda kinh td, mgt mat, ddi hdi phai dugc bao dam bdng dan chft hda chinh tri; mgt khdc, nd tgo diiu kipn cho dan chu hda chinh tri. Khi ngudi dan da tiep nhgn tu do cgnh tranh, binh ddng trong ddi
35
Khoa hgc xa hpi Viet Nam, so 12 - 2019 sdng kinh td thi hg se dugc nang eao nang luc hidu bidt vd chinh tri va thuc hidn quydn dan chft vd chinh tri. Ddi mdi chinh tri se lara cho thugng tang kien tnic phft hgp vdi ydu cau khach quan cua co sd ha tang, thftc day luc lugng san xuat phat tridn, phat huy tinh uu viet cfta chd dp XHCN. Chinh tri la linh vuc nhgy cam, phuc tgp, lien quan ddn quydn luc va cam quydn ndn ddi mdi chinh tri khd khan hon rat nhidu so vdi ddi mdi kinh td, do dd vide xac dinh dftng dan phuong hudng, muc tieu, ndi dung va cac budc di cua chinh tri cd y nghia to ldn.
Tidp tuc ddi mdi chinh tri trdn eo sd ddi mdi kinh td, phuc vu phat trien kinh td. Khi ddi mdi kinh ti dugc tridn khai toan didn va sau sac sd dgt ra ydu cau bftc thiet la phai ddi mdi chinh tri tuong ftng dd phuc vu true tidp eho ddi mdi kinh te. Thuc tidn cho thay, ddi mdi kinh td va ddi mdi chinh tri phai ciing nhip vdi nhau, dua vao nhau, phdi hgp vdi nhau, nhu "hai canh cfta con chim". Day la su lua chgn tdt nhat de giai quydt dftng dan quan he ddi mdi gifta hai ITnh vye co ban cfta ddi sdng xa hpi nay.
Xay dung ndn dan ehu phai dudi tidn de chinh tri dn dinh, khdng chay theo dan chft hinh thftc, khdng dap khudn theo md hinh phuong Tay. Khdng cd mdi trudng chinh tri-xa hdi dn dinh, mgi ddi mdi se that bai, thanh qua da gianh dugc ciing se radt hdt.
Phai ngan chan cac nhan td cd the gay raat dn dinh chinh tri - xa hpi, khftng hoang kinh te. Tidn dd la phai kidn tri thuc hidn nguydn tac tat ca quydn lue thupc vd nhan dan.
Nhan td quan trgng nhat van la phat tridn ben viing, tang trudng kinh td, nang cao ddi sdng cfta nhan dan.
Tai lieu tham khao
[1] Dang Cpng san Viet Nam (1987), Vdn kien Dgi hgi dgi bieu todn qudc ldn thii VI, Nxb Sy th$t,HaNpi.
[2] Bang Cpng san Vift Nam (1991), Cuang IT"1^
xdy dung ddt nuac trong thai ky qua dp Hn CNXH, Nxb Sy theit, H^ Npi.
[3] Dang Cpng san Vi0t Nam (2008) NgM qm' s6 2 l-NQ/TW aia Ban Chdp hdnh Trung uang (tai Hpi nghi Tning uong 6 kh6a X) vk tigp tyc hohn thi^n thi chfi KTTT dinh hudmg XHCN.
[4] Dang Cpng san Viet Nam (1991), Vdn ki^n Dgt hgi dgi biiu todn quoc ldn thii Vll, Nxb Sy that, m Npi.
[5] Dang Cpng san Viet Nam (2001), Vdn ki?n Bgi hgi dgi biiu todn qudc idn thii X, Nxb Chinh tri quoc gia. Hi Npi.
[6] Ding Cpng san Viet Nam (2006), Vdn ki$n Dgi hgi dgi bieu todn qudc ldn thii IX, Nxb Chfnh tri quoc gia, Ha Npi.
[7] Dang Cpng sSn Vi^ Nam (2007) Vdn ki^n Ddng todn tap, t51, Nxb Chinh tri qu6c gia. Ha Npi.
[8] Dang Cpng san Viet Nam (2011), Vdn ki^n Dgi hdi dgi biiu todn qudc ldn thii XI, Nxb Chinh tri quoc gia. Ha Npi.
[9] Dang Cpng san Viet Nam (2016), Vdn ki$n Dgi hdi dgi biiu loan qudc ldn thii XII, Nxb Chinh tri quoc gia, Ha Npi.
[10] Dang Cpng san Vipt Nam (2017), Vdn ki$n Hoi nghi Ban Chip hdnh Trung uang lan thu 6, khoa XII, Nxb Chinh tri quoc gia, HS Npi.
[11] Kinh ti 2017 - 2018 Viit Nam vd Thi gidi, Nxb Th6ng tin va TruySn thong, Wk Npi.
[12] TrSn Thj Tuyat Lan (2019), "Thinh tuu hem 30 nSm d6i mdi tu duy kinh te cua Dang vk xay dyng nha kinh t^ thi tru6ng djnh hudng xa hpi chu nghia". Tap chi Cong thitang, s6 I.
[13] V.Lenin (1977) Todn lap, t.42, Nxb Tign bp, Matxcova.
[14] https://www.gso.gov.vn/default.aspx?tabid=
382 &idmid=2&ItemID=19041 [15] http://baochinhphu.vn/Cac-bai-phat-bieu-cua-
Thu-tuong/Thu-tuong-bao-cao-tinh-hinh- KTXH-nam-2017-ke-hoach-phat-trien-KTXH- 2018/319930.vgp
[16] http://www.vneconomy.vn/ kim-ngach-xuat- nhap-khau-cua-viet-nam-dat-480-ty-usd-nam- 2018-20190112110449228.htm.
