XEM XET VU PHILIPPINES KIEN TRUNG QUOC
DOI V d l TRANH C H A P d B I E N DONG VAKINH NGHIEM CHO VIET NAM
Bach Thi Nha Nam Tom tat: Qua phdn tich vu Philippines kiin Trung Quoc ddi vdi tranh chdp a Biin Ddng trudc Toa trpng tdi^ dugc thdnh lap theo quy dinh ciia Phu luc Vll, Cong udc Lugt Bien 1982. tdc gid de xudt mdt so y kien khi Viet Nam tiin hdnh khdi kiin Trung Qudc ra cdc thiit chi tdi phdn quoc te.
Abstract: On the basis of the analysis of Philippines' claims against China before the arbitral tribunal constituted in accordance with Annex VU of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) 1982 over territorial disputes in the South China Sea (East Sea), the article makes proposal for Vietnam in case that Vietnam files relevant claims against China before international jurisdictions.
1. Vu viec PhUippines kien Trung Quoc ra T o a an t r p n g tai theo Cong u d c ciia Lien h p p quoc ve L u d t Bien
Mdt hdnh dgng ndi bat gdn ddy giiia cdc ben tranh chdp tren Bien Ddng la viec Philippines kien Trung Qudc ra Tda an trgng tdi dya tren cac quy dinh trong Phu luc VII, Cdng udc cua LiSn hgp qudc vS Ludt Biln 1982 (UNCLOS) vdo ngay 22/01/2013. Trung Qudc tu chdi tham gia vu kien, vd gui thdng bao tdi Philippines vd Tda an trpng tai thudng trye, noi thu Iy qua trinh dang ky thii tuc vu kien'. Tuy nhiSn, quy trinh td tung trpng tai qudc te van tiep tuc khi Philippines dS trinh day dii hd sa vu kien len Uy ban Trgng tai ma khdng bj tac ddng bdi viec Trung Qudc cd tham gia td tung hodc cd de trinh phdn td hay khdng
' ThS., Khoa Luat, Dai hpc Kinh te - Lu^t, Dai hpc Quic gia TP. H6 Chi Minh.
' Pia l.ee-Brago. China reiterates rejection of UN arbitration on sea row, http://www.philstar.eom/headlines/2013/08/30/l 1511 41/chma-reiterates-reiection-un-arbitration-sea-row/.
truy cap ngay 28/05/2014.
(Dilu 9 UNCLOS). Ngdy 30/3/2014, Philippines hoan tdt cdc de trinh cuoi ciing liSn quan den cd thdm quySn tda an trpng tai vd ngi dung thyc chdt cua tranh chdp.
Trong TuySn bd khdi kien cua Philipines ISn Tda an trpng tdi cd ba vdn dS chinh sau: (1) Nhiing hanh vi xam ldn ciia Trung Qudc vi pham quySn ehu quyen ciia Philippines (quyen hang hai, khai thac tai nguyen...) trong vimg ddc quyen kinh te, thim luc dia cita Philippines; (2) Viec chiSm giii eac bai san hd nhd khdng du diSu kien trd thanh ddo dS ySu sdeh viing nudc xung quanh, xdm pham vao vimg dde quySn kinh tS cua Philippines va; (3) TuySn bo "dudng ehin doan" ciia Trung Qudc khdng cd gia tri phap ly qudc te, va viec Trung Qudc tiSn hdnh xay dyng cdc cong trinh nhdn tao tren cdc bai chim, mdm da, bai can nira ndi nua chim xdm pham khu vuc thSm luc dja ciia Philippines.
Viec Trung Qudc khdng tham gia vu kien the hien chinh sdch gidi quylt tranh chip Biln Ddng vdi cac ben theo con dudng song phuong, va loai tru viec tham gia cua
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bdt ky mdt ben thu ba nao khde. Ddng thdi, Trung Qudc da vien ddn TuySn bd vS cdeh ung xu ciia cdc ben d BiSn Ddng vd cho ring, don kien cua Philippines da vi pham cdc nguySn tdc trong Tuyen bd vd dang Iam phuc tap hon cdc xung dot trong khu vye.
Theo Dilu 5 cua Tuyen bo nay, cdc nude thanh viSn dugc yeu cdu gidi quySt tranh chdp lanh tho va quySn tai phdn bang bien phap hda binh, khdng de dpa hoac su dung vii luc, thdng qua hiep thuang hiiu nghj vd dam phdn eua ede qudc gia ed ehii quySn trye tiSp lien quan. Ddy ed le Id each Trung Qudc lan tranh rang budc phdp ly ddi vdi phdn quySt cua Trpng tdi va/hoac Tda an qudc te cd the gdy bdt Igi cho minh. Dieu ndy cung thS bien thdi dp Tmng Qudc dang ne trdnh viee sii dung ludt phdp qudc tS, viec ySu the ve co sd phap Iy trong cac yeu sdch chu quySn phi ly ciia Trung Qudc tren Bien Ddng.
Theo DiSu II, Phu lue VII, phan quyet ciia trpng tdi chi cd gid trj rang budc ddi vdi cae bSn liSn quan, tuy nhien phan quylt cua mdt CO quan tdi phdn qudc te duge xem la an IS, mdt ngudn bd trg trong ludt phdp qudc tS. Philippines khdi kien Trung Qudc danh dau viec ldn ddu tien tranh chdp tren BiSn Ddng dugc dua ra trudc mdt co quan tdi phan qudc te. Vi vdy, Viet Nam ed the hpc hdi tir vu kien ndy de bao ve chu quyln, quyln chii quyen, quyln tdi phdn hgp phdp ciia minh ddi vdi cac viing biln, ede ddo, qudn ddo va khang dinh vdi du ludn qudc tl ve nhirng hanh vi phi phdp va phi Iy cua Trung Qudc, xem thudng luat phdp qudc tS tren BiSn Ddng.
2. Cac kha nang lua chpn thu tuc tai phan theo Cdng udc ve Luat Biln 1982 ddi vdi Viet Nam
NguySn tac cdn ban cua ludt phap quic tS dugc quy djnh tai Hiln chuang LiSn hpp qudc (Dilu 33) va UNCLOS la bdt bupc gidi quySt tranh chdp bang bien phap hoa binh^. UNCLOS cho phep cac bSn lua chpn (Dilu 279, 280) phuong phdp hda binh. Cu thS, UNCLOS da dua ra mdt sd nguyen tgc CO bdn cho viec giai quySt tranh chap la:
a. Cac qudc gia cd nghia vu giai quylt tranh chap bang phuong phdp hda binh, phii hgp vdi DiSu 2 cua Hien chuong Lien hop qudc va nhdm mue dich dd la tim giai phap vdi nhiing bien phap dugc ghi nhdn trong DiSu 33, khoan 1 cua Hien chuong (Dilu 279).
b. Cdc qudc gia trong vu tranh chdp trudc hSt tiSn hdnh thuong lugng ngoai giao de gidi quyet nhiing tranh chap (Dilu 283).
c. Cdc qudc gia trong vu tranh ehdp co quySn tu do ehgn phuong thiic gidi quyet theo Dieu 280, theo dd qude gia cd quySn ty do lya ehgn bdt cii phuong thiie gidi quyet ndo, va ehgn vdo bdt cu thdi diSm nao:
trudc, trong hoac sau khi tranh chip xdy ra, mien sao phuang thiic do Id phuang thiic boa binh .
d. Cac qudc gia cd nghta vu phdi giai quySt tranh chdp giiia cdc qudc gia vdi nhau bang eac bien phap phi tdi phdn do su thda tliudn cua cac ben, ket qud thda thuein khdng mang tinh rang budc phdp ly. NSu cac phuang thuc do khdng mang lai hieu qud thi mdt trong cdc ben cd the dua tranh ehdp ra gidi quylt bdng cdc co quan tai phdn theo
C^c phuong phap h6a binh giai quylt tranh chSp bao gom cac phuong pha|D phi tai phan vdi kSt qua mang tinh khuyin nghi dli vai cac ben glm: Dim ph^n, trung gian, hoa giai; cac phuong ph^p tii phin mang linh phap Iy rang bu6c nhu: Trpng tii, Toa an.
Xem: Dilu 282, Digu 284, Dilu 287 UNCLOS.
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XEM XET VU PHILIPPINES ...
quy dinh ciia phdn XV, Muc 2 (tu Dilu 286 din Dilu 296) UNCLOS, vdi phan quylt mang tinh rang bude phap ly.
Vi the cd the thay, trong vu ddn khoan HD 981, Viet Nam da cd nhirng budc di bit sue diing dan phu hgp vdi quy dinh ciia ludt phdp qudc te, nd lyc kiem chS xung dot, tiln hanh trao ddi song phuang vdi Trung Qudc bdng cdc eupe dien dam cap cao, trao ddi cdng ham ngoai giao. Ddng thdi, thdng qua cdc kSnh ngoai giao da phuong nhu eac diln dan cdp khu vyc, kinh tS, cde nhd lanh dao cua Viet Nam da bdy to quan diem va ehii truong cua Viet Nam trong nd lye giai quyet tranh ehdp thdng qua dam phdn.
Khi eac ben dp dung thii tuc gidi quySt tranh chdp bang cdc co quan tai phdn theo quy dinh cua Dilu 287 phdn XV, UNCLOS, cac ben cd quyen tuyen bd trudc se ehpn eo quan ndo, hay theo cdeh hai bSn thda thudn lya chpn. Theo khodn 1 Dieu 287 UNCLOS, mdt qudc gia dugc quyen ty do lua ehgn vdi hinh thuc tuyen bd bang van bdn, mdt hay nhieu co che dS gidi quySt cde tranh chdp cd Hen quan dSn viec gidi thieh hay dp dung UNCLOS, bao gdm:
(i) Tda an qudc tS vS Ludt BiSn (ITLOS) dugc thanh lap theo Phu lue VII cua UNCLOS;
(ii) Toa an qudc te (ICJ);
(iii) Tda trgng tdi dugc thanh lap theo Phu luc VII cua UNCLOS;
(iv) Tda trgng tai ddc biet dugc thdnh lap theo Phu luc VIII ciia UNCLOS.
Trudng hgp neu khdng chpn trude hay khdng thda thudn dugc, thi phdi dimg den Tda trpng tdi dugc thanh lap theo Phu luc VII nhu mdt lua ehgn tai phdn bat budc (khoan 5 Dieu 287). Vi vdy, cd the coi thii tuc Tda trgng tai da duge tru dinh d Phu luc
VII cua UNCLOS la mdt ca quan tai phan da dugc UNCLOS "mac djnh" cho cde bSn neu nhu eac ben khdng cd thda thudn lya chpn thiet che tai phdn khde dS gidi quySt tranh chdp.
UNCLOS cho phep cdc nudc thdnh vien dp dung ngoai IS ddi vdi gidi quyet tranh chdp bang bien phdp tdi phan. Theo Dilu 298 UNCLOS, mdt nudc cd quyen myen bd bdng van ban khi ky Cdng udc la se su dung biet IS md khdng chap nhdn quyen tai phan bdt budc cua co quan tdi phan de cap trong Cdng udc neu tranh chdp giiia cac ben liSn quan dSn bien gidi biSn, vjnh lich su, danh nghia lich su, cde boat ddng qudn sy hay thi hdnh quyen canh sat vS nghiSn cuu biln va nghe ea, hay cdc tranh chdp da nhd Hpi ddng Bdo an LiSn hgp qudc thu ly.
Theo dd, Trung Qudc tuyen bd bao luu ddi vdi khodn la, lb, Ic cua DiSu 298, khdng dp dung ede thu tuc tai phan ddi vdi cde tranh chap lien quan den phdn djnh bien, tranh ehdp vinh lich su hay danh nghia Ijeh su, cdc boat ddng qudn sy hay thi hdnh quyen cdnh sdt ve nghien ciiu biSn vd nghe ca, bay cac tranh ehdp Hdi ddng Bdo an Lien hgp qudc dang thu Iy"". Nhung Trung Qudc cd thS cung khdng trdnh khdi viec phdi gidi quyet tranh chdp bang co chS trpng tdi theo phu luc VII, khi cac bien phdp thuong lugng hda gidi khong di den ket qua, vd cdc bSn khdng cd thda thudn nao khde.
Ddi vdi CO che tai phan Tda dn qudc tl ve Luat Bien (ITLOS) hay Toa dn quoc tl (ICJ), viec thdnh lap ddi hdi sy ddng y cua cde bSn chap nhdn tham quySn xet xu cua Tda doi vdi tranh chap. Trong khi do, thti tuc Trpng tai da dugc tru djnh d Phy luc VII
•• Tuyen bl cua Trung Quic ngay 25/08/2006.
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UNCLOS Id mdt thiet chS tdi phdn mang tinh bdt budc khi ede ben khdng dat dugc thda thudn.
Trong vu khdi kien Trung Qude, Philippines da su dung bien phdp Tda trgng tai theo phu luc VII. Vi day la mdt thii tuc tdi phdn mang tinh bat budc khi cdc bSn khdng dat duge thda thudn nSn ngay ca khi Trung Qudc tuySn bd khdng tham gia cung khdng lam tri hoan vu kien. Day se Id mdt bdt Igi ciia Trung Qudc tren co sd luat phdp qudc tS.
v l tinh chdt phdp Iy eiia ban an Tda trpng tdi, theo DiSu II Phu luc VIl UNCLOS quy dinh, ban an cua Tda trpng tai ndi tren cd tinh chat tdi hdu va khong dugc quyen khdng cao (tru viec yeu cau giai thich). Ban an ciia Tda trgng tai trong vu kien eiia Philippines se ed gid trj rdng budc cae bSn trong tranh chdp.
Viet Nam cd thS tham khdo vu viec cua Philippines de dp dung khdi kien ra Tda Trpng tai theo Phu luc VII UNCLOS. Dii Trung Qude tu chdi tham gia vu kien thi thii tuc td tung vdn duge tien hanh va ban dn ciia Tda trpng tai se Id co sd phap Iy de Viet Nam khdi kien Trung Qudc.
3. Nhiing npi dung Viet Nam co thi tien hanh khdi kien
Cd bai loai Igi ich hay quyln Ipi qudc gia ciia ViSt Nam tai Biln Ddng:^
(I) Chii quyln dit dai trSn nhilu dao va da tai hai quin dao Hodng Sa va Trudng Sa;
5 Theo Lu3t su T^ V3n Tai, nguyen giang vien va hien la nghien ciiu vien Truong Luat thupc Dai hpc Harvard (Hoa Ky), Kien Trung Quoc a tda ndo?
Phdn 2. hup://www.thesaigontimes.vn/lI5436/Kien- Trung-Quoc-o-toa-nao?—Phan-2.html, truy cap ngay 30/05/2014,
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(2) Lgi ieh hay quySn ddi vdi nhiing vung nudc va day bien dudi mat nudc tai Biln Ddng ehilu theo UNCLOS, gdm co quyln chu quyen va quySn tdi phan hong vimg dde quyen kinh te va trong vung thim luc dja.
Ddi vdi tranh chap vS chu quyen ddt dai tai bai qudn dao Hoang Sa vd Trudng Sa khdng ndm trong pham vi giai quySt tranh chdp cua UNCLOS, vi UNCLOS khdng quy dinh vS chii quyen lanh thd.
Trong trudng hgp tranh chdp vl chu quyen ddo, qudn ddo gifia Viet Nam va Trung Qudc tren BiSn Ddng, Viet Nam cd the xin y kien tu van cua Tda cdng ly qudc te ICJ cho vdn de nay. Theo Dilu 65 Chuong IV, Quy che ICJ "Toa cd thi cho y kiSn tu van vS bat eu van dS phap ly ndo cua bdt cd ai cd quySn xin, theo Hiln chuong Lien hgp qudc". Vi vdy, trong tranh chdp chu quyln vS ddo giira Viet Nam vd Trung Qude, Viet Nam cd thS xin y kiln tu vin cua Toa ICJ thay vi dua ra tdi phan. Viec xin y kien cung tao ra dnh hudng ehinh trj va phap ly nham dua tdi giai phap cho hai ben tranh chdp, mac du gia trj y kiln tu van khdng mang tinh rang budc phap Iy.
Ngodi ra, vdn de mau ehdt tranh chap chii quyen va tranh chip biln d Biln Ddng chinh Id Dilu 121.3 Cdng udc vl chl dp phdp ly ciia dao. Trong vy gian khoan HD 981, vdi hien trang qudn dao Hoang Sa dang bi Trung Qudc chiem giii todn bd, Trung Qudc cho ring dia dilm ldp dat gian khoan ndm trong viing nudc ciia quan ddo Tdy Sa (tuc Hoang Sa eiia Viet Nam) da thi hien y dinh cua Trung Qudc trong viec tuyen bo eac quy chS viing bien cua qudn dao Tdy Sa nhu: lanh hdi, vung dac quyen kinh tl hay them luc dia. Dieu ndy lien quan den viec giai thich hay dp dyng UNCLOS (cdc dao
XEM XET VU PHILIPPINES ..
nam trong qudn ddo Hodng Sa rat nhd hien nay cd xung ddng gpi Id ddo; hay nhu Id da theo quy djnh, dd khdng cd vimg dac quyen kinh te va them luc dja, trong khi dao thi cd quy ehS day dii), hode gidi ban vung dde quySn kinh te ma dao cd thi cd. Vi lien quan dSn gidi thich va dp dung UNCLOS, nSn viec nay ciing cd the dua ra khdi kien tai Toa ITLOS hode ICJ theo khudn khd UNCLOS, hoac xin y kiSn tu van ICJ vS vdn de nay.
Trong vu Philippines kien Trung Qudc, Philippines da tranh de cap cdc vdn de lien quan den phdn xet ehu quySn, ede danh nghia lich su, md chi ySu edu Tda trpng tai gidi thich vd dp dung UNCLOS, xem xSt viec Trung Qudc xdm pham viee xde lap vd thuc hien cdc quySn ehu quySn, quySn tdi phan cua Philippines tren cdc viing ddc quyen kinh te, thSm luc dia theo UNCLOS, ddng thai yeu cdu xem xet viec Trung Qudc tuyen bd dudng chin doan. Ddi vdi Viet Nam, neu su dung quySn khdi kien theo thii tuc Tda trpng tdi nhu Philippines, Viet Nam tuong ty se chi giai quyet cde vdn dS lien quan dSn viec giai thieh vd ap dung UNCLOS lien quan dSn viee xae lap va thuc hien cac quySn chu quySn, quyln tai phdn eiia Viet Nam trSn cde vung dac quyln kinh tl, thSm luc dia. Thu tuc Tda trpng tdi dl cap tren se khdng gidi quylt duge vdn dS chii quyln qudn ddo Hoang Sa, Trudng Sa.
Tdm lai, mdt sd ndi dung md Viet Nam cd thS xem xet dl yeu eiu eac co quan tai phan qude tl cd y kiSn tu vin hodc phdn quyet:
I) Ddi vdi vu gidn khoan HD 981, Viet Nam cd thS kien Trung Qudc ra Tda trgng tai theo Phu lyc VII UNCLOS dl ra phdn quylt lien quan dSn cac vdn de sau:
TuySn bd viec Trung Qudc dua gian khoan HD 981 ciing tau hd tdng vdo khai thde trong vung dac quySn kinh te va them luc dia ciia Viet Nam da vi pham quyen chii quySn va quySn tai phdn eua Viet Nam theo Dilu 56 vd Dilu 77 UNCLOS.
- Tuyen bd viec Trung Qudc dung cdc tau cua minh ngan cdn eac tau chdp phdp cua Viet Nam thyc hien quySn kiSm tra, kham xet gian khoan HD 981 trong vung dac quyen kinh tS eua Viet Nam Id hanh vi vi pham quyen tai phdn cua Viet Nam theo Dilu 56 UNCLOS.
TuySn bd viec Trung Qudc thiet lap viing an toan 3 hai ly vd edm cde loai tdu be di vdo vung bien cd ban kinh 3 hai ly xung quanh gidn khoan HD 981, va ddm cdc tdu chap phdp Viet Nam, diing vdi rdng tan cdng... la vi pham quyen ciia Viet Nam, trai vdi Dilu 60 UNCLOS.
2) Doi vdi quy chi phdp ly cdc ddo, cdc ben tranh ehdp ed the dS nghj dua ra y kien tu vdn ciia ICJ vS quy chS phap Iy cdc ddo trong qudn dao Hodng Sa, theo dd cac ddo nay khdng dii tieu chi de tao nen viing nudc qudn dao, hoac vimg dac quyen kinh te va thSm lye dja rieng. Viec xin y kien tu vdn ndy cd thS do Viet Nam vd huy ddng cac ben tranh ehdp khac ciing kiSn nghi ISn Tda ICJ.
Ngoai ra, cac ben cd thS thua kien ndi dung nay len Tda ITLOS. Mdt ySu cdu cd thS xudt phdt tu Viet Nam, duge sy ling hd eua Philippines/Malaysia/hoac Brunei/hodc tdt cd cde nudc cd tranh chdp, yeu cdu Tda gidi thich DiSu 121.3 UNCLOS va khd nang dp dung d Bien Ddng. Lieu Trung Qude se dirng ngodi hay se phdi tham gia qua trinh nay, tren co sd Dilu 31 Quy ehi cua ITLOS Id: Trong mdt vu tranh chap, khi mot qude gia thanh viSn cho rdng mdt quyln lgi cd
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tinh chdt phap ly eua minh bi dung eham, thi cd thi gui len cho Toa an mdt don thinh cdu dl yeu edu xin tham gia. Neu Toa dn chdp nhdn don thinh cau, thi quyet dinh lien quan dSn vu tranh chdp ed tinh chdt bat bupc ddi vdi qude gia xin tham gia trong pham vi md quySt djnh ndy ed quan he dSn la ndi dung cua viec tham gia.
4. Viec khdi kien va nhirng lo ngai khac cua Viet Nam
Tir nhiing phdn tich dudi gde dp phap ly vd xem xet vu Philippines kien Trung Qudc, Viet Nam cd co sd phdp ly dS tiSn hanh khdi kien Trung Qudc ra cdc thiet chS tai phdn qudc tS. Trong thyc tien quan he giiia cdc qudc gia, viec dua tranh chap vS lanh thd giiia cac qudc gia cd dja ly kS can nhau ra mdt co quan tai phdn khdng Id diSu mdi me. Trong khu vyc Ddng Nam A, da cd nhung vu tranh chap dugc gidi quylt bdi Tda an quoc te nhu tranh ehdp giiia Malaysia vd Singapore vao nam 2003 ve chii quyen ddi vdi ede ddo Pulau Batu Puteh, Middle Rocks vd South Ledge, tranh chdp giiia Thai Lan vd Campuchia trong vu den Preah Vihear vdi phan quylt mdi nhdt vdo 2013... Ddy la mot xu hudng van minh thS hien thien chi ciia cac bSn trong viec giai quyet tranh chdp khdng su dung vii luc;
giir gin hda binh, an ninh trong khu vyc, vd tudn thii ludt phdp qudc tl.
Ddi vdi Viet Nam, Trung Qudc Id mdt nude ldn trong khu vyc, ed mdi quan he trSn nhieu ITnh vye nhu vdn hda, kinh tS, thuang mai, dau tu. Chinh vi vdy, hdu hit cdc qudc gia deu cd phdn e de khi cd nhiing hdnh ddng lam "phdt long" Trung Qudc. Ngoai ra, viec khdi kien khdng phdi la vdn dS don gian, la mdt quySt dinh mang tinh vT mo trong dd edn tinh den nhilu ylu td khde mang tinh chdt
tdng thS liSn quan nhu quan he qudc te, kinh tl qudc te...* Trong vu Philippines kien Trung Qudc ddi vdi tranh chap d BiSn Ddng, Philippines da chiu nhiing ddn trimg phat vl kinh tS cua Trung Qude.
Vdi dudng ldi ddi ngoai ddc ldp, ty chu, khdng tham gia HSn minh qudn sy vdi bdt ki nudc ndo, Chinh phu Viet Nam phai cd su chudn bj, tinh todn, edn nhdc ky luong va thau dao, tranh thu su hdu thudn vd img hp manh me cua edng ludn qude te, ciia cac cudng qude trSn thS gidi.
Trong vu kien Trung Qudc cua Philippines, de Tda trgng tai di dSn phan quyet cudi cung, thdi gian theo dudi vu kien cd the se dien ra khoang tir 3- 4 nam. Khi co phdn quyet cudi cung gid su ed lgi cho Philippines, Trung Qudc cd thi se phdt Id y kien ciia Tda dya trSn co sd tu chdi tham gia vu kien, cho rang tda an khdng cd thdm quyen xet xu, ddng thdi Trung Qudc kien quySt theo chu truong khdng su dyng ben thir ba xu ly cac vdn dS liSn quan din tranh chip tren Bien Ddng. Vdy nen, Viet Nam cung cdn phai chuin bj, xdy dung dpi ngii chuySn gia am hilu luat phap qudc tl, ludt su gidi dl tham gia vu kien ndy.
Trong mpt chimg mye nhdt djnh, phdn quySt cudi cimg cua Tda trgng tai se cd gia trj quan trpng ve mat quy tdc vd tinh thin trong cdng ddng qudc tS, va cung cip co sd phdp ly cho cdc ben lien quan trong tranh (Xem tiep trang 84)
Theo Pham Lan Dung, Truong khoa LuSt Quic 16, Hpc Vien Ngoai Giao Viet Nam, Lac quan vi khd ndng lih&i kien Trung Qudc cua Viet Nam, hnp://infonet.vn/lac-quan-ve-kha-nang-khoi-kien- trung-quoc-cua-viet-nam-postI32302.info, truy cap ngiy 31/05/2014.
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NHA NUOC VA PHAP LUAT SO 8/2014
ban ddu thi gid tri ciia den bu toan bd se gidm di tuong ung vdi khodn Igi nhudn (ma nhd ddu tu) da thu dugc''^
4. Ket luan
Vdn de bao ve quySn sd hiiu ciia nha ddu tu nudc ngodi vd quySn trudt hiiu mpi tai san tren lanh thd qudc gia cua nha nudc ludn la de tai ndng trong quan he qudc tS.
Trong vdi thdp niSn trd lai day, phdp ludt qudc tS ve ddu tu da ddn dat dugc mdt muc dp thong nhdt tuong ddi trong mdt sd vdn dS ca ban nhu khai niem trudt hiiu tai sdn cua nhd ddu tu nudc ngoai (cho dii la gian tiep hay true tilp) va nguySn tdc chung vS trdch nhiem ciia qudc gia khi thuc hien trudt huu.
Tuy nhien, Ludt qudc te vdn chua hinh thanh nen mdt phep thu toan dien va diit khoat vS nhiing quy djnh lien quan tdi tinb
chdt phdp ly cua hanh vi trudt huu va pham vi hay mdc do trdch nhiem bdi thudng cua qudc gia. Hien phdp ludt ddu tu qudc te chua thilt lap dugc mdt ranh gidi rd rang giua quy dinh khdng den bii va cac bien phap cd tac dung tudc di cac tdi sdn, lgi ich kinh tl ciia nhd ddu tu nudc ngoai va do dd ddn tdi trdeh nhiem bdi thudng; ciing nhu su khde biet vS pham vi trach nhiem bdi thudng ddi vdi trudt hiiu hpp phap va trudt hiiu bdt hgp phap.
Do dd, vdn de dudng nhu chi cdn dya tren quy dinh chat chS cua hgp ddng dau tu giiia nha nudc vd nhd ddu tu nudc ngoai, hodc quy djnh trong HiSp dinh ddu tu song phuong hay thoa thudn liSn kSt khu vyc de xdc djnh trdch nhiem bdi thudng vd so tiSn bdi thudng phdt sinh.
'"Sornarajah M., "The International Law on Foreign Investment", tldd, tr. 449-450.
(Tiep theo trang 76-Xem xet vu Philippines...)
chdp. Dong thdi, nd se ed tdc ddng quan trpng tdi eo chS gidi quyet tranh chdp ciia UNCLOS, ddi vdi cd viec thuc thi phan quySt ciia Tda an, mdi quan he gifta cac bSn tranh chdp trong vdn dS Bien Ddng.
Viec ddu tranh bdng con dudng phdp ly la nd lyc bSn bi ma cdc nude nhd nhu Viet Nam cdn theo dudi trong gidi quyet tranh chdp chu quyen lanh thd, hay tranh chdp trSn cdc vimg biSn. Dung trudc phap ludt, cdc qudc gia deu cd vi the binh dang. Cimg
khdng thS loai tru khd nang, cudc ddu hanh ndy ngay cang cdng khai, sd dyng cdng ludn va cdng cu phap Iy md ra khd ndng su dung cac eo quan tai phan qudc tS dl giai quySt tranh chap, hode chi it ban chS cdc hanh ddng gdy hdn, cdc tuyen bd yeu sach vd ly, khdng tudn thu UNCLOS. Vi vay, Viet Nam can van dung linh hosit tat cd cdc bien phap hda binh dl gidi quylt tranh chdp, dac biet tan dung thS manh phdp ly va cdng luan dl bdo ve chu quyln thieng lieng tai Biln Ddng.
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