THUC UEN PHAP LUAT
MOI LIEN HE GI^A CAC NGHI DINH QUY DINH VE XlT LY KY LUAT CONG CHLfC
Cao Vu Minh*
*TS. Dai hpc Luat TP. Ho Chi Minh.
Thong tin bai viet:
Tir khoa: xd l</ ky lu|t cdng chiic, hinh thuc ky luit, cdng chiic.
Lich sir bdi viet:
Nhlinb^i Bien tap Duy^t bii
: 26/6/2020 : 03/7/2020 : 05/7/2020
Tom tfit:
Xii ly ky \ua,t cdng chiic chinh la viec ngudi cd thim quyen ip dyng hau qua phip l^ bat Igi ddi vdi cong chiic vi ph^m phip luat ma theo quy dinh phii bj xii ly ky Ii4t. Hien nay, vi?c xur ly ky luat cdng chiic vi ph^m phap luit dugc dieu chinh trong nhieu nghi dinh Idiic nhau va cd sy tliieu thdng nhat trong thye tiln ip dyng phip li4t. Trong ph^im vi bii vilt nay, tic gia phan dch moi lien h$ giua cac nghi dinh ve xii ly ky luat cdng chiic, cbl ra nhiing diem tuong ddng, khac bipt va ddng thdi de xuat hudng hoin thien.
Article Infomadon:
Key words: Civil servants, disciplinary form, civil servant.
Article History.
Received Edited Approved
26 Jun. 2020 03 Jul. 2020 05 Jul. 2020
Abstract:
Disciplinmg a civil servant is die competent person's ^jplication of adverse legal consequences to a civil servant who violates the law and must be disciplined according to applicable regulations, Currently, the disciplming a civil servant who violates the law is governed by various specialized decrees, leading to inconsistencies in law practice. This article provides analysis of the relationship between the decrees on disciplining civil servants, points out the similarities and differences, and proposes some solutions to improve the law.
1. Quy dinh ve xur ly ky lu^t cdng chuc trong cac nghi dinh cua Chinh phu
Sau khi Luilt Cdn bp, cdng chiic nam 2008 (Luat Cdn bp, cdng chiic) cd hieu lye, Chinh phii ban hdnh Nghi dinh s6 34/2011/ND-CP quy dinh vk xii ly ky luat (XLKL) cong chiie (Nghi dinh s6 34). Ngodi Nghi diiili sd 34, vi$c XLKL cdng chiic hien nay cdn dupe quy dinh trong 03 nghi dinh khdc la: Nghi dinh so 71/2016/ND-CP ngay 01/7/2016 vl thdi han, thii tyc thi hdnh an hdnh chinh vd xu ly trach nhi^m ddi vdi ngudi khdng thi hanh ban an, quydt dinh ciia Tda dn (Nghi dinh sd 71); Nghi dinh sd 59/2019/ND-CP ngay 01/7/2019 quy dinh
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chi tiet mpt sd dieu vd bien phdp thi hanh Luat Phdng, chdng tham nhung (Nghj dinh sd 59) vaNghi dinh sd 19/2020/ND-CPngdy 12/02/2020 vd Icidm tra, XLKL trong thi hanh phdp luat ve xii ly vi phgm hanh chinh (Nghi dinh sd 19).
Luat Can bp, cdng chiic chi bao hdm 06 dieu quy dinh ve XLKL cdng chiic gom:
Mign trdch nhi?ra ddi vdi cdng chiic (Dieu 77); Cac hinh thiic ky luat ddi vdi cdng chiic (DiSu 79); Thdi hi?u, thdi han XLKL cong chiie (Didu 80); T ^ dinh chi cdng tdc doi vdi cdng chiic (Didu 81); Hau qud phdp ly ma cong chiic bi ky lu^t phai gdnh chiu (Difiu 82); Qudn ly ho so ky luat cdng chiic (Dieu
i n u \ ^ iiDiN r n / A r i_um 83). Vdi tinh chat la van bdn hudng dan thi
hanh Luat Cdn bp, cdng chiic nam 2008, Nghi dinh sd 34 da quy dinh chi tik nhiing van de: hinh thiic ky lugt dp dung ddi vdi cdc vi pham cy thi (tii Dieu 9 d6n DiSu 14);
nguy6n tac XLKL (Didu 2); cdc trudng hpp chua xem xet XLKL ^ i e u 4); Tham quyen XLKL (DiSu 15); Hpi ddng ky luat (Dilu 17); Thu tuc XLKL cdng chuc ^ i d u 16,18, 19,20, 21); Cdc quy dinh lien quan den vi?c thi hdnh quyet dinh ky lu^t (Dieu 23). Nhu vgy, Nghi dinh sd 34 la van ban quy djnh cu thi, day dii va rd rang nhat ve tham quyen XLKL, nguyen tdc XLKL; trinh ty, thii tuc XLKL; cdc trudng hpp chua xem xet XLKL vd hinh thiic XLKL ddi vdi cdng chiic.
Nghi dinh sd 71 bao hdm 07 dieu quy dinh vd XLKL cdng chiic vi pham trong thi hdnh dn hdnh chinh. Trong dd, 06 dilu tir DiSu 21 - 26 quy dinh vl cdc vi pham cy the bi dp dung hinh thiic ky luat tii khiSn trdch din bupc thdi vi?c; Dilu 20 Nghi dinh quy dinh chung vl XLKL cdng chiic vi pham trong thi hdnh dn hanh chinh. Ddng luu y la khoan 2 Dilu 20 Nghi dinh sd 71 quy dinh vl "Nguyen tdc, thdm quyin. trinh t{r. thu tuc vd cdc noi dung khdc co lien quan din viec XLKL cong chirc vipham trong thi hdnh dn hdnh chinh chua du^c quy dinh t^i Nghi dinh ndy du^c thuc hi$n theo quy djnh cua phdp ludt viXLKL ddi vai cong chuc ". Nhu vay, Nghi dinh sd 71 khong dieu chinh vdn dl nguyen tdc, thdm quyin, trinh ty, thii tyc vd cac n0i dung khdc cd lien quan den vi?c XLKL cdng chiic. Nhung vdn dl nay dupe vi^n dan sang Nghi djnh sd 34.
Nghi dinh sd 59 cd 10 dieu ludt quy dinh ve XLKL cdng chiic vi pham phap ludt ve phdng, chdng tham nhiing. Trong sd 10 dieu ndy, 8 dieu quy dinh ve cdc vi phgm cu the bi ap dung cac hinh thiic ky luat tuong ling.
Nghi dinh sd 59 chia ddi tupng hi XLKL thanh hai nhdm: (i) ngudi diing dau co quan, td chuc, don vi neu de xdy ra vu, vi?c tham nhung trong co quan, td chiic, don vi do minh quan ly, phy trach; (ii) cdng ehiie cd hanh vi khdc vi phgm phap ludt vS phdng, chdng tham nhiing; edn lai 02 dieu quy dinh vl tham quyen, thii tyc XLKL. Nhu vay, Nghi dinh sd 59 ciing khdng dieu chinh thdm quyin, thii tuc XLKL ddi vdi cdng chiic vi pham quy dinh ve phdng, chdng tham nhung. Thdm quyen, thii tuc XLKL doi vdi cdng chiic vi pham quy dinh ve phdng, chdng tham nhiing dupe thye hi?n theo quy dinh cua Nghi dinh sd 34,
Tuong tu, Nghi dinh sd 19 ed 08 dilu ludt quy dinh vl XLKL cdng chiic vi pb^m trong thi hdnh phap ludt vl xu ly vi pham hdnh chmh (VPHC). Trong dd, 06 dilu lu^t tir Dilu 24 - 29 quy dinh cdc vi phgm ey thi bi dp dyng hinh thiic ky ludt tir khien trdch din bupc thdi viec; Dieu 22 quy dinh cac hdnh vi vi pham (HWP) trong thi hdnh phap luat vl xii ly VPHC va Dilu 23 quy dinh vl nguyen tdc XLKL cdng chiic.
Nguyen tdc nay cd npi hdm tuong ty vdi khoan 4 Dilu 2 Nghi dinh sd 34'. Ngodi dilu khoan ndy, Nghi dinh sd 19 khdng quy dinh them cdc nguyen tac XLKL khdc. Cac nguyen tac khdc lien quan den XLKL dupe vi?n ddn sang Nghi dinh sd 34^.
1 Khoin 4 Dieu 2 Nghj dinh so 34/2011/ND-CP quy dinh: "Thii dp tilp thu, sua chua va chu d^ng khic phyc h^u qui cua cdng chiic cd hinh vi vi ph^m phip lu$t la ylu td xem xet tang n§ng ho^c giim nh? khi ap dyng hinh thiic ky luat". , . ^
2 Khoan 2 Dieu 23 Nghi dinh so 19/2020/ND-CP quy dinh; "Nguyen tac, tham quyen, trinh ty, thu tyc vi cac noi dung khac cd Uen quan din vipe xii ly ky luat cdng chiic cd hinh vi vi phjim trong thi^hanh phap lu?t ve xii ly vi p h ^ hinh chinh dugc tiiyc hi?n dieo quy dinh ciia phip lugt ve xii ly ky lu^t doi vdi cdng chdc".
S6l3(413)-T7/2020^
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2. Moi lien he giira cac nghi dinh quy dinh ve sir ly 1^ luat cong chuc
Hien nay, tren diln ddn khoa hpc cd cdc quan dilm Ididc nhau ve mdi lien he giiia cdc nghi dinh neu tren:
Quan diim thu nhdt, ddy Id moi lien hi giiia nghi dinh chung vd cdc nghi dinh chuyin ngdnh quy dinh ve vdn de XLKL cong chirc.
Nghien cuu he thdng phap ludt cho thay, cd nhirng trudng hpp hai VBQPPL ciing dieu chinh mpt van de cu the, trong dd cd mpt VBQPPL dilu chinh chung nhdt va mpt van bdn dilu chinh chuyen sau trong ITnh vyc quan ly cy the (thudng dupe gpi la van bdn chuyen nganh). Trong trudng hpp ndy, thdng thudng van ban quy dinh chuyen sau phu hpp vdi dilu kien qudn ly dac thu ciia tung nganh, timg Itnh vyc hon van ban quy dinh chimg. Vi the, vi?c dp dyng van bdn chuyen nganh khi gidi quyet cac cdng viec cy thi cua timg ngdnh, timg Imh vyc thudng thuan lpi va mang lai hieu qua dieu chinh cao hon^ Khoa hpc phdp ly nhieu nude tren thi gidi ciing thua nhdn nguyen tdc: "khi co su khdc nhau giiia ludt chung vd ludt chuyen sau thi uu tiin dp difng luat chuyin sdu '"*.
Xet vl mdi tuong quan ndy, Nglu dinh sd 34 cd thi dupe xem Id nghi dinh chung dieu chinh vipe XLKL cdng chiic. Trong khi dd, Nghi dinh sd 71, Nghi dinh sd 59, Nghi dinh sd 19 dupe xem Id nghi dinh chuyen ngdnh quy dinh ve XLKL cdng chiic trong tung linh vyc quan ly cu the. Tinh chat chuyen nganh the hien d pham vi dieu chinh ciia ba nglu dinh nay. Theo dd, Nghi dinh sd 71 chi dieu chinh van de ky luat cdng chiic vi pham trong thi hdnh an hdnh chinh; Nghi dinh
sd 59 chi dilu chinh vdn dl XLKL cdng chiic vi pham phdp luat vl phdng, chdng tham nhiing; Nghi dinh sd 19 chi dilu chinh van de ky luat cdng chiic vi pham trong thi hdnh phdp luat vl xii ly VPHC. Ndi each khdc, moi lien he giiia cdc quy pham ciia Nghi djnh so 34 vd Nghi dinh sd 71, Nghi dinh sd 59, Nghi dinh sd 19 la mdi lien he giiia quy ph^m ehung vd quy pham chuyen nganh.
Theo quy dinh cua Ludt Ban hdnh VBQPPL nam 2015, trong he thdng phdp luat ciia nude ta dang dp dung nguyen tac iru tien dp dyng "quy dinh cua VBQPPL ban hdnh sau " chii khdng cho phep uu tien dp dyng "quy dinh cua VBQPPL chuyen ngdnh"^. Do do, vi?e uu tien dp dyng cac quy dinh cua Nghi dinh sd 71, Nghi dinh so 59, Nghi dinh sd 19 so vdi Nghi dinh sd 34 la khdng trdi vdi Luat Ban hdnh VBQPPL nam 2015. Tuy nhien, trong tuong lai, klu c6 mpt nghi dinh khdc thay thi Nghi dinh sd 34 thi vi?c lya chpn dp dyng VBQPPL ndo la dilu khdng don gidn vd tiSm dn kha nang dp dung phap Iu|it khdng thdng nhat.
Quan diem thu hai, ddy Id moi lien hi giiia nghi dinh quy dinh chi tiit Lugit Cdn bo, cong chuc ve XLKL cong chirc vdi cdc nghi dinh XLKL doi vai cong chuc trong cdc linh vTfC khdc nhau.
Mdi lien he nay tuong ty nhu mdi lien h? giiia Nghi dinh sd 81 da dupe siia ddi, bo sung bdi Nghi dinh sd 97 (Nghi dinh sd 81 sua ddi nam 2017) vdi cdc nghi dinh xd phat VPHC trong cdc linh vyc. Hien nay, phdp luat vl xii phat VPHC d nude ta dupe dilu chinh trong Luat Xii ly VPHC nam 2012, Nghi dinh sd 81 siia ddi nam 2017 vd 56 nghi dinh quy dinh ve xii ph^t VPHC trong
3 Bui Thi Dao, "Nhiing van de mang tinh nguyen t3c trong Lu$t Ban hanh van ban quy ph^mi phip lu^t", T ^ chi Nghien ciiu l^p phip, sd 08, nam 2011.
4 Thii Th} Tuyet Dung, "Cac nguyen tic giai quylt xung dot trong cac van ban quy pham phap iu^t", T^p chi Khoa hgc phap \y, sd 05, nam 2011.
5 £>ieu 156 Lu^t Ban hinh van ban quy ph^m phap luat nam 2015.
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edc ITnh vuc^ Tuong ty, phdp lugt vl XLKL cdng chirc dupe dilu chinh trong Luat Cdn bd, cdng chuc, Nghi dinh so 34 vd 03 nghi dinh quy dinh vl XLKL cdng chiic vi pham trong thi hanh an hanh chinh; vi pham phap ludt vl phdng, chdng tham nhung; vi pham trong thi hdnh phap luat vl xii 1^ VPHC. Tuy nhi6n, Nghi dinh sd 81 siia ddi nam 2017 chi quy dinh chi tilt nhiing vdn dl ehung trong Luat Xu ly VPHC nam 2012 chii khdng quy dinh H W P ndo bi xu phat VPHC. Ndi cdch khdc, Nghi dinh s6 81 siia ddi nam 2017 khdng quy dinh vl HWP, hinh thiic xu phat vd biSn phdp khdc phyc h$u qua dp dyng ddi vdi tiing vi pham cy the. Nhiing vdn dl nay, Nghi dinh sd 81 siia ddi nam 2017 "nhudng lai" cho edc nghi dinh quy dinh vl xir phat VPHC trong cdc ITnh vyc cy the. Tren co sd dd, Chinh phu da ban hanh 56 nghi dinh xu phgt VPHC trong cdc ITnh vyc quy dinh khoang 300.000 H W P bi xii phat VPHCl Trong khi dd, Nghi dinh sd 34 lai quy dinh cy the ve hanh vi vi pham hi dp dyng hinh thuc ky luat. Tnrdc khi Chinh phu ban hdnh 03 nghi dinh quy dinh ve XLKL cdng chiic vi phgm trong thi hanh dn hanh chinh; vi phgm phdp luat ve phdng, chdng tham nhiing; vi pham trong thi hdnh phdp ludt ve xii ly VPHC thi Nghi dinh sd 34 vdn dupe xem la "kim chi nam" dl vipn ddn nham XLKL cdng chiic vi pham trong mpi ITnh vyc. Khi cdc Nghi dinh sd 71, Nghi dinh sd 59, Nghi dinh sd 19 dupe ban hdnh va cd hipu lye thi vipe XLKL cdng chiic vi pham trong thi hdnh an hanh chinh; vi pham phdp luat vl phdng, chdng tham nhiing; vi pham
THUC TIEN PHAP LUAT trong thi hdnh phdp lu§t ve xir ly VPHC mdi dupe thye hien theo cdc nghi dinh nay. Nhu vay, viec XLKL cdng chiic vi pham phdp luat trong nhung ITnh vuc cdn lai van can cii vdo Nghi dinh sd 34. Do dd, quan dilm cho ring mdi lien he giiia Nghi dinh sd 34 vdi Nghi dinh sd 71, Nghi dinh sd 59, Nghi dinh sd 19 ciing gidng nhu mdi lien he Nghi dinh sd Nghi dinh sd 81 sua ddi nam 2017 vdi 56 nghi dinh xu phat VPHC trong edc ITnh vyc Cling cd diem khdng hpp ly.
3. NhSn xet ve xu ly ky ludt cdng chirc trong cac nghi dinh cua Chinh phu
Thir nhdt, khac vdi truyen thdng phap ly truoc ddy, viec XLKL cdng chiic khdng chi dupe dieu chinh trong mpt nghi dinh chung md cdn dupe dieu chinh them trong 03 nghi dinh rieng. Trude nam 1998, d nude ta chua cd mpt vdn ban luat hay mpt van bdn mang tinh chat lu$t nao dieu chinh ve vdn dl XLKL cdng chiic. Trong giai doan nay, vi$e XLKL cdng ehiie dupe dieu ehinh trong cdc sac lenh hay edc nghi dinh^. Tuy nhien, cho dii nhu the ndo thi trong mdi giai doan nhdt dinh, d nude ta ciing ehi tdn tJii mpt VBQPPL dilu ehinh vdn dl XLKL cdng chiic. Ndm 1998, Uy ban thudng vu Qudc hdi ban hdnh Phdp lenh Can bd, cdng chiic ndm 1998. Tren eo sd Phdp lenh nay, Chinh phii da ban hdnh mpt nghi dinh duy nhdt dieu chinh XLKL cdng chiic - Nghi dinh sd 97/ND-CP. Khi Phdp l^nh Can bp, cdng chiic nam 1998 da dupe sita ddi, bd sung vdo edc ndm 2000,2003, Chinh phii ciing chi ban hdnh mdt nghi dinh dieu chinh XLKL cdng chiic - Nghi dinh sd 35/2005/ND-CP.
Cao Vu Mmh, "Hoin tiii?n Dy thio Luit siia ddi, bd sung mgt sd dieu cua Li4t Xii ly vi ph^m hinh chinh", T^ip chi Nghien ciiu lap phip so 09, nam 2020.
Cao Vu Minh - Nguyin Nhat Khanh, Cac hinh Uiiic xu phat vi ph^m hanh chinh, Nxb. Thanh nien, nam 2020, tr.231.
S4c l?nh so 76/SL ngiy 20/05/1950 ban hinh Quy chg cong chuc Vi?t Nam cua Chu tich Hd Chi Minh;
Nghi djnh sd 195-CP ngay 31/12/1964 vl Dilu 1? ky luat lao dgng trong cac xi nghi?p, co quan nha nude;
Nghi dinh sd 217-CP ngay 8/6/1979 ve ch^ dg trich nhiem, che dg ky luat, chg dg bao ve cua cdng vi chi dp phyc vy nhan dan cua can bg, nhan vien va co quan nhi nude.
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Ndm 2008, Qudc hdi ban hanh Luat Can bp, cdng chiic de thay the Phdp lenh Cdn bp, cdng chiic nam 1998 thi Chinh phii ciing chi ban hanh mpt nghi dinh de quy dinh ve XLKL cdng chiic - Nghi dinh sd 34/2011/ND-CP. Tuy nhien, truyin thdng phdp ly ndy bi phd vd khi Chinh phu ban hdnh Nghi dinh sd 71, Nghi dinh sd 59 vd Nghi dinh sd 19 dl quy dinh ve XLKL cdng chiic trong nhijng ITnh vyc nhdt dinh.
Dudi gdc dp xa hdi, tru]^en thdng do con ngudi tgo ra thi cung cd the bi thay ddi bdi con ngudi. Vdi ta duy dd, truyen thdng phdp ly do con ngudi xdy dyng nen thi ciing ehinh eon ngudi cd the thay ddi nd. Tuy nhien, sy thay ddi truyen thdng phdp ly trong viec
"khai sinh" ra nhieu nghi dinh ciing dieu chinh XLKL cdng chiic chua han da h ^ ly, d$c biet khi chua xdc dinh dupe cu the mdi lien he giiia cdc nghi dinh ndy.
Thir hai, neu Nghi dinh sd 71, Nghj djnh sd 59 va Nghi dinh sd 19 Id cdc nghi dinh chuyen nganh thi cac nghi dinh nay phdi quy dinh ro ranjg, cy the vl cdc hinh thiic ky luat dp dyng ddi vdi cdng chuc trong timg ITnh vyc. Tuy nhien, ndi dung quy dinh eua cdc nghi dinh nay rat khdi quat.
Vi dy, theo quy dinh cua Nghi dinh sd 71, cdng chdc cd H W P vl thi hanh an hdnh chinh nhu "cham thi hdnh dn; chdp hdnh nhung khong dung npi dung bdn dn, quyet dinh cua Toa dn trong thdi han tu nguyin;
lai dung chirc vu. quyin han cdn tra viec thi hdnh dn " se bi khien trdch (khoan 1, 2, 3 Dieu 21). Tuy nhien, cung hdnh vi nay md bi xdc dinh Id "gdy hdu qud nghiim trong"
thi Igi bi hg bac luong (khodn I Dilu 23).
Hdnh vi eiia ngudi diing ddu co quan, td chiic md "thieu trdch nhi^m trong vi^c chi dao, kiim tra. don doc thi hdnh dn hdnh chinh de xdy ra h$u qud nghiem trong" se bi khien trdch (khodn 6 Dieu 21). Neu vi pham ndy dupe xdc dinh la "di xdy ra hgu qud rdt nghiim trong" thi se bi ednh edo
(khoan 5 Dilu 22), cdn nlu dupe xdc dinh Id
"di xdy ra hqu qud dac biet nghiim trpng"
thi se bi gidng chiic (khodn 2 Dilu 24).
Tuong ty, theo quy dinh ciia Nghi dinh sd 59, cdng chiic Idii thye hipn cdng vy, nhiem vu nlu bilt hoac budc phdi biet vl tinh hudng xung dpt lpi ich cua minh ma khdng bdo cao thi bi xu ly bang hinh thiic khien trdch neu cd H W P Idn ddu (diem a khodn 1 Dieu 84), nfiu "gdy hdu qud nghiem trong" se bi cdnh cdo (diem b khodn 1 Dieu 84). Ngudi cd thdm quyen "niu biit hoac buoc phdi biit co xung dot lai ich md khong dp dung cdc biinj>hdp kiem sodt xung dot loi ich " thi bi khien trach neu cd H W P lan dau (diem a khodn 2 Dieu 84), neu "g^ hdu qud nghiim trpng" se lai bi cdnh cdo (diem b khodn 2 Dieu 84). Van de ddng quan tdm la ca Nghi dinh sd 71, Nghi dinh sd 59 deu khdng quy dinh cu thd thS ndo la "gdy hg^u qud nghiim trpng", "gdy hdu qud rat nghiem trpng", "dexdy ra hqu qud nghiem trong", "de xdy ra hgu qud rat nghiem trpng ". Dieu ndy vd hinh trung gdy ra sy khd khan trong qud trinh XLKL cdng chiic.
Thir ba, xuat hi$n tinh trgng HWP trong linh vyrc cu thi. le ra phdi duac dieu chinh trong nghi dinh XLKL chuyin ngdnh lai duac diiu chinh trong nghi dinh chung viXLKL.
Theo quy dinh cua khodn 1 Dilu 3 Lu^t Phdng, ehong tham nhiing nam 2018,
"Tham nhung Id hdnh vi cua nguai co chirc vu, quyin htfn da lai dung chuc vu, quyen hgn do vi vu lai". Nhu vay, chu the cua tham nhiing la ngudi cd chuc vu, quyen han (bao gdm cd cdng chiic)'. Vl mat chu quan, tham nhung dupe thye hipn vdi Idi cd y. Myc dich ciia hdnh vi tham nhiing Id vi vy lpi. Vy lpi d day dupe hieu Id vi?c ngudi cd chiic vy, quyen ban da lpi dyng chiic vu, quyen hgn nham dgt dupe loi ich vgt chdt h o ^ lpi ich phi vat chdt khdng chinh ddng"*. Nhu vgy, khi XLKL cdng chiic thye hipn hdnh vi tham
9 Khoin 2 Dieu 3 Lu$t Phdng, chdng tham nhung nam 2018.
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THUC TIEN PHAP LUAT nhiing phdi nhdn manh din ylu td "vi vu lai".
^ Trude khi Nghi dinh sd 59 ed hieu lye, vipe XLKL cdng chiic thye hipn hanh vi tham nhiing dupe dilu chinh bang Nghj dinh sd 34. Theo quy dinh ciia Nghi dinh sd 34, cdng ehiic vi pham phap ludt vl phdng, chdng tham nhung cd thi gdnh chiu mpt trong cdc hinh thiic ky ludt la khiln trdch, cdnh cdo, ha bac luong, gidng chuc, cdch chiie, bupc thdi viec. Tuy nhien, khi Nghi dinh sd 59 cd hieu lye, hinh thuc ky ludt ehi cdn lai la khien trach, cdnh cdo, cdch chiic, bupc thdi viec". Nhu vay, giiia Nghi dinh sd 34 vd Nghi dinh sd 59 khdng cd sy thdng nhdt vdi nhau vl dp dung hinh thuc ky ludt ddi vdi cdng chiic vi pham quy dinh ciia phap ludt ve phdng, chdng tham nhiing.
Trong trudng hpp ndy, theo nguyen tdc dp dyng VBQPPL, phdi uu tien dp dung Nghi dinh sd 59'1 Tuy nhien, Nghi dinh sd 59 lai ldm hep di edc hinh thiic k^ luat le ra cd thi ap dung doi vdi cdng chiic vi phgm quy dinh ciia phdp ludt vl phdng, chdng tham nhung.
Thii tu, xudt hipn sy mdu thudn giiia nhung quy dinh vl XLKL cdng chiic trong cdc nghi dinh cua Chinh phu. Vi dy, theo quy dinh cua Nghi dinh sd 59, hanh vi cua
"nguoi CO chirc vu, quyin han nhung nhiiu trong gidi quyit cong vi^c" se hi XLKL bang hinh thiic khien trdch". Trong khi do, theo quy dinh cua Nghi dinh sd 19, hdnh vi cd n^i ham phdp ly tuong ty la "lpi dying chirc vyi, quyen han de sach nhieu, doi, nhdn
tiin, tdi sdn ciia nguai vi pham " thi Igi hi bupc thdi viec'''. Hai hdnh vi nay cd tinh chdt giao thoa vdi nhau vd rdt khd ed co sd phdn biet mdt each ro rdng, nhirag nhin chung, nhUng nhieu hay sdch nhiiu ciing dIu vl myc dich vy lpi. Vi vay, viec dp dung hinh thiic XLBCL khdc nhau cho cung mdt hdnh vi Id chua hpp ly.
Thu ndm, theo quy dinh ciia Ludt Cdn bd, cdng chuc da dupe siia ddi, bd sung nam 2019 (cd hieu luc tir 1/7/2020), hinh thiic ha bac luong chi dp dyng ddi vdi cdng chiic khdng ^iii chiic vu lanh dao, qudn ly. Nhu vay, neu bit ky mdt nghi dinh nao mudn dupe dp dung sau ngay 01/7/2020 dIu phai thiet ke theo hudng khdng quy dinh hinh thiic ky luat ha bac luong ddi vdi cdng chirc giu chiic vy lanh dao, qudn ly. Tuy nhien, hien nay ehi cd Nghi dinh sd 19 thi hipn dupe nguyen tdc nay'^. Cac nghi dinh khac edn phdi dupe sira ddi cho phii hpp vox quy dinh cua Luat Can bp, cdng chiic da dupe sua ddi, bd sung ndm 2019.
4. Kien nghi
De khac phuc nhirng bdt cgp trong quy dinh cua phdp ludt ve XLKL cdng chiic neu tren, chiing tdi kien nghi:
Thu nhdt, can ban hdnh mpt nghi dinh quy dinh chi tiet vi XLKL cong chuc duac Ludt Cdn bp, cong chuc ndm 2008 (da duac sira doi, bo sung ndm 2019) giao.
Dieu dd cd nghia, nghi dinh mdi ndy chi quy dinh nhiing van de ve XLKL nhu:
10 Khoin7Dieu3 Luat Phdng, chdng tham nhung nam 2018.
11 Xem them tii Dilu 76 din Dilu 85 Nghi dinh s6 59/2019/ND-CP.
12 Khoin 3 Dilu 156 Luat Ban hinh van ban quy pham phip lu^t nam 2015 quy dinh: 'Trong trudng hgp cic van ban quy ph^im phip luat do cimg mdt co quan ban hanh cd quy djnh khac nhau ve cung mpt van de thi ip dyng quy djnh cua van bin quy ph^im phap luat ban hanh sau".
13 Khoan I Dilu 83 Nghi djnh sd 59/2019/ND-CP.
14 Khoin 4 Dilu 29 NgW djnh sd 19/2020/ND-CP
15 Dieu 26 Nghj dinh sd 19/2020/ND-CP quy dinh; "Hinh thuc ky lu^t h? b|ic luong ap dyng ddi vdi cdng chiic khong gid chiic vy lanh dao, quan ly cd hinh vi sii dung tien thu dugc tu tien nyp ph^t vi pham hinh chinh, tiln ngp do cham thi hanh quylt dinh xii phat tien, tien ban, thanh ly tang v|t, phuong ti?n vi pham hanh chinh bi tjch tiiu vi cic khoan tiln khic thu dugc tu xii ph^t vi ph^m hanh chinh trii quy dinh cua phip li4t ve ngin sich nhi nude".
, NGHltN CUU I M Sd 13 (413) - T7/2020\_ L A P P H A P ™
THUC TIEN PHAP LUAT
nguyen tac XLKL; cac trudng hpp chua xem xet XLKL; cdc trudng hpp mien trdch nhiem ky ludt; thdm quyen XLKL; hdi ddng ky luat; thii tyc XLKL cdng chiic; cdc quy dinh lien quan den viec thi hanh quyet dinh ky ludt. Nghi dinh nay se khdng quy dinh ve cdc hinh thiic ky ludt dp dyng ddi vdi cdc vi pham cu the md "nhudng" lai cho cdc nghi dinh quy dinh vl XLKL cdng chiic trong cde ITnh vyc khdc nhau.
Thir hai, cdn tap trung rd sodt de loai bo mdu thudn, ehong cheo giiia cdc nghi dinh quy dinh vi XLKL cong chirc trong nhirng linh vuc khdc nhau.
Tmh trang mau thuan, chdng eh6o trong cdc quy dinh cua phdp ludt ve XLKL cdng chiic giua cac nghi dinh cd xudt phdt diem tir CO quan chu tri soan thao. Tuy cdc nghi dinh quy dinh ve XLKL cdng chiic deu do mdt ddu mdi ban hdnh la Chinh phu nhung CO quan chii tri soan thao lai khdc nhau nen dan den thih trang co quan chu tri soan thdo nghi dinh ndy lai it quan tdm den nglu dinh khdc do mpt co quan khdc chu tri soan thao.
De khdc phyc bat cap ndy, cdn tap trung rd sodt de loai bd mau tiiuan, chdng cheo giiia cdc nghi dinh quy dinh ve XLKL cdng chiic
trong nhihig ITnh vyc khdc nhau. Ngodi ra, can phdt huy vd dl cao vai trd tham dinh dy thdo nghi dinh quy dinh vl XLKL cdng chirc eua Bd Tu phdp. Cy thi, Bd Tu phdp cdn tap trung tham dirih vl tinh hop hien, hpp phdp va tinh thdng nhdt cua dy thdo nghi dinh quy dinh ve XLKL cdng chuc vdi hp thdng phdp luat. Ben cgnh do, Bd Tu phap ciing can chu trpng thdm dinh tinh hpp ly cua dy thdo nghi dinh quy dinh ve XLKL cdng chiic thdng qua viec huy ddng tri tup vd sy hieu bidt ciia cdc chuyen gia, nhd khoa hpc. Cd nhu vay thi bdo cdo thdm dinh mdi thye sy cd chdt lupng vd gdp phan tgo ra nhung nghi dinh quy djnh vl XLKL cdng chiic ddp ling yeu edu vl tinh hpp phdp, hpp ly.
Tha ba, can tien hdnh rd sodt de loai bd nhirng tieu chi dinh tinh, cdc quy dinh tiiy nghi trong cdc H W P bi dp dyng hmh thure ky ludt nhu: "gdy hdu qud nghiim trpng",
"gdy hdu qud rdt nghiem trpng ", "de xdy ra hdu qud nghiim trpng ". Suy cho cung, sy ro rdng trong cdc quy dinh ve XLKL cdng chiic cung la CO sd quan trpng iihdt cho viec dp dyng phdp ludt thdng nhat, ddng thdi bao ddm cho viec XLKL cdng chiic khach quan, cdng bdng, nghiem minh, diing phdp ludt •
(Tiep
KHANC NGHI GUM DOC THAM...
trong trudng hpp nay. Tuy nhien, ban dn sau dd bi khdng nghi gidm ddc tham huy dn thi viec xu ly tai sdn da thi hanh dn la dilu khdng de dang, ma ngudi bi thiet hai nhilu nhat van id ngudi phdi thi hdnh bdn dn, quylt dinh da cd hipu lye phap ludt.
De khac phyc nhung bat cap n6u tren, chung tdi cd mpt sd kien nghi sau:
Thir nhdt,TAND tdi cao, VKSND tdi cao cdn sdm ban hanh Thdng tu thay thi Thdng tu lien tich sd 03/2013/TTLT- TANDTC-VKSNDTC ngay 15/10/2013 cua Tda an nhan ddn tdi cao, Vipn kiem sdt nhan ddn tdi cao hudng ddn thi hdnh mpt sd quy dinh vl thii tyc gidm ddc tham, tdi thdm va AAJNGHlCNClhJ /
* * L A P P H A P _ / S 6 1 3 ( 4 1 3 ) - T 7 / 2 0 2 0
iheo trang 37)
thu tyc dde bipt xem xet lai quyet dinh cua Hdi ddng tham phan Tda dn nhan dan tdi caocua Bp ludt Td tung ddn sy da dupe siia ddi, bd sung theo Ludt siia ddi, bd sung m^t sd dieu cua Bd lugt Td tyng dan sy.
Thir hai, Hdi ddng tham phdn TAND toi cao can sdm ban hdnh van bdn hudng dan xdc dinh cy the vi pham ndo la vi phgm nghiem trpng thii tye td tyng dan su; hudng dan quy trinh xu ly don de nghi khang nghi gidm ddc tham khdng diing thdi gian quy dinh tgi khodn 1 Dilu 327 BLTTDS nam 2015; hudng dan thii tyc giao nhdn ho so trong quy trinh khdng nghi gidm ddc thdm •
