RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
6.7 Information awareness
6.8.4 Analysis by Education
175
greater among coloured youths (M = 4.10, SD = .738) than their black counterpart (M = 3.20, SD = 1.266).
176 4.2 I would endeavour
to start my own business if there is a clear direction on government support to help my business grow
Between Groups 7.563 4 1.891 2.491 .043 Within Groups 265.715 350 .759
Total 273.279 354
4.9 I would consider starting a new business if adequate
infrastructures can be provided to reduce high cost of doing business
Between Groups 8.415 4 2.104 3.072 .017 Within Groups 239.681 350 .685
Total 248.096 354
From Table 6.29, is a significant difference in agreement to the statement that youths are not ready for the stress and challenges that comes with starting a new business [(F (4,349) = 2.908, p = .022). While participants with some level of schooling disagreed to the statement (M = 2.79, SD = 1.320) and also participants with matric and diploma in disagreement (M = 2.54, SD = 1.281) and (M = 2.39, SD = 1.165), undergraduate and degree participants agreed to the statement (M = 3.36, SD = 1.027) and (M = 3.75, SD = 1.258). In furtherance to this, there is a significant difference in agreement to the statement that youths will endeavour to start their own business if there is a clear direction on government supports to help such businesses grow [F (4,350) = 2.491, p = .043]. Agreement is greater among youths with diploma (M = 4.06, SD = .831) than participants with some schooling (M = 3.83, SD = 1.030). There is also a significant difference in agreement to the statement that youths will consider starting their own business if adequate infrastructure are provided to reduce high cost of doing business [F (4,350) = 3.07, p = .017). Agreement is greater among matric and diploma holders (M = 3.93, SD = .756) and (M = 3.96, SD = .956) than undergraduate participants (M = 3.09, SD = 1.044).
Table 6.30: Descriptive statistics – level of education (b)
N Mean
Std.
Deviation
1.1 I am a proud South African Some schooling 90 4.29 1.063
Matric 178 4.63 .726
Diploma 72 4.76 .428
177 Undergraduate degree
11 4.73 .467
Degree 4 4.75 .500
Total 355 4.58 .789
2.6 I get easily angry when I cannot get what I need
Some schooling 90 3.02 1.430
Matric 178 2.74 1.267
Diploma 72 3.14 1.407
Undergraduate degree
11 2.45 1.368
Degree 4 4.25 .500
Total 355 2.90 1.350
2.9 I feel as if the whole world is against me
Some schooling 90 2.70 1.328
Matric 178 2.16 1.105
Diploma 72 2.17 1.075
Undergraduate degree
11 2.64 1.286
Degree 4 4.75 .500
Total 355 2.34 1.207
3.6 I do not know where or how to get information on my business interest
Some schooling 90 3.21 1.337
Matric 178 3.07 1.179
Diploma 72 3.22 1.224
Undergraduate degree
11 3.64 1.120
Degree 4 4.50 .577
Total 355 3.17 1.231
3.10 I do not know of any programme on Television, Radio or any social media that explains to me in simple terms on how to run a business
Some schooling 90 2.51 1.471
Matric 178 2.61 1.285
Diploma 72 2.46 1.383
Undergraduate degree
11 3.18 1.328
Degree 4 4.50 .577
Total 355 2.59 1.365
Table 6.31: Robust Tests of Equality of Means
Statistica df1 df2 Sig.
1.1 I am a proud South African Welch 3.555 4 18.786 .025 2.6 I get easily angry when I cannot get
what I need
Welch 7.894 4 20.111 .001
178 2.9 I feel as if the whole world is against
me
Welch 23.769 4 19.547 .000
3.6 I do not know where or how to get information on my business interest
Welch 5.428 4 19.400 .004
3.10 I do not know of any programme on Television, Radio or any social media that explains to me in simple terms on how to run a business
Welch 10.192 4 19.641 .000
a. Asymptotically F distributed.
Analysing significant difference in agreement by education using Welch test, Table 6.31 shows that there is a significant difference in agreement to the statement that youths in Mpumalanga are proud South Africans [Welch (4, 18.786) = 3.555, p = .025). Agreement to the statement is greater among participants with matric and diploma holders (M = 4.63, SD = .726) and (M = 4.76, SD = .428) than participants with some schooling (M = 4.29, SD = 1.063). Furthermore, there is a significant difference in agreement to the statement that youths in the province easily get angry when they cannot get what they need [Welch (4, 20.111) = 7.894, p = .001). Agreement to the statement is expectedly greater among degree holders who feels frustrated by lack of jobs and business opportunities despite their academic qualifications (M = 4.25, SD = .500) than youths with some schooling, matric and undergraduates (M = 3.02, SD = 1.430); (M = 2.74, SD = 1.267) and (M = 2.45, SD = 1.368).
Statement testing youths’ perceived stress scale to determine what is considered as stressful condition and youths’ state of mind shows significant difference in agreement to the statement that youths feel as if the whole world is against them [Welch (4, 19.547) = 23.769, p = .000]. Agreement to the statement is greater among participants with degree whose frustration is enhanced by lack of employment and business opportunities despite their qualification (M = 4.25, SD = .500) than all other participants with less qualifications, matric (M = 2.74, SD = 1.267), undergraduate (M = 2.64, SD = 1.286).
To sum up, the study shows that there is a significant difference in agreement to the statement that youths do not know any programme on television or other social media that explain to them in simple terms on how to run a business [Welch (4, 19.641) = 10.192, p = .000).
Surprisingly, agreement to the statement is greater among degree holders (M = 4.50, SD = .577) while other participants with less qualifications disagreed on the statement.
179 6.8.5 Analysis by Marital status
It is pertinent to mention here that Kruskal-Wallis test was applied to the construct to derive accurate outcome; this is a one-way ANOVA on ranks test considered suitable to draw inference from responses of participants by marital status. Kruskal-Wallis H Test is a rank- based non-parametric test that can be employed to ascertain the possibility of statistical significant differences between groups of independent variables either continuously or through ordinal dependent variable (Statisitics.laerd.com, 2013).
Table 6.32: Ranks by marital status
Marital status N Mean Rank
1.1 I am a proud South African Single 335 180.68
Married 19 127.82
Separated/divorce d
1 233.50
Total 355
1.2 I have knowledge about business management
Single 335 176.10
Married 19 220.39
Separated/divorce d
1 8.00
Total 355
1.10 I am self-motivated to produce result Single 335 180.88
Married 19 121.87
Separated/divorce d
1 281.00
Total 355
3.3 I only know of my immediate
environment I have no knowledge of other places in Mpumalanga
Single 335 176.06
Married 19 220.63
Separated/divorce d
1 18.00
Total 355
Table 6.33: Kruskal-Wallis Test
180 1.1 I am a proud South
African 1.2 I have
knowledge about business
management
1.10 I am self- motivated to
produce result
3.3 I only know of my immediate environment I have no
knowledge of other places in Mpumalanga
Chi-Square 7.698 6.856 8.374 6.284
Df 2 2 2 2
Asymp. Sig. .021 .032 .015 .043
Table 6.33 shows that people of different marital status differ significantly in their agreement that they are proud South African’s (χ2 (2) = 7.698, p = .021). The mean rank agreement for single people is greater than for married people. Likewise, there is a significant difference in agreement to the statement that participants have knowledge on business management [χ2 (2)
= 6.856, p = .032]. The mean rank showed that single participants agreed more to the statement than their married counterparts. The same applies to the statement on self- motivation which shows a significant difference in agreement [χ2 (2) = 8.374, p = .015]. The mean rank for single participants is greater than for married participants.