RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
6.7 Information awareness
6.8.1 Analysis by Location
Table 6.18: Descriptive statistics – location (a)
N Mean
Std.
Deviation
1.2 I have knowledge about business management
Gert Sibande 108 3.68 .975
Barberton 92 3.61 .925
Kriel 155 3.35 1.037
Total 355 3.52 .998
2.7 I blame the Government for lack of jobs Gert Sibande 108 2.57 1.320
Barberton 92 3.00 1.406
Kriel 155 3.10 1.354
Total 355 2.92 1.373
3.6 I do not know where or how to get information on my business interest
Gert Sibande 108 2.87 1.216
Barberton 92 3.32 1.148
Kriel 155 3.30 1.260
Total 355 3.17 1.231
Analysis of variance was used to determine how each group’s response varies per location to evaluate the significance of each statement on the youths in the province. This is considered relevant to draw inference from the total population of youths and how youths considered these statements to be true in causing impediments to their entrepreneurial behaviour.
168
Table 6.19: ANOVA Sum of
Squares Df Mean Square F Sig.
1.2 I have knowledge about business management
Between Groups
7.577 2 3.788 3.865 .022
Within Groups
345.054 352 .980
Total 352.631 354
2.7 I blame the
Government for lack of jobs
Between Groups
18.709 2 9.354 5.076 .007
Within Groups
648.756 352 1.843
Total 667.465 354
3.6 I do not know where or how to get
information on my business interest
Between Groups
14.126 2 7.063 4.759 .009
Within Groups
522.392 352 1.484
Total 536.518 354
From Table 6.19, there is a significant difference in agreement to the statement that there is knowledge about business management [F (2,352) = 3.865, p =.022]. Agreement is greater for those from Gert Sibande (M = 3.68, SD = .975) than for those from Kriel (M = 3.35, SD = 1.037). Also, there is a significant difference in agreement on youths’ perception on government intervention strategies in the province as youths in Kriel significantly agreed to the statement that government is to be blamed for lack of jobs in the province [F = (2,532) = 5.076, p = .007). Agreement is greater for those in Kriel (M = 3.10, SD = 1.354) than those from Gert Sibande (M = 2.57, SD = 1.320). Finally, there is a significant difference in agreement that there is lack of information on business interest in the province [F (2,352) = 4.759, p = .009]. Agreement is greater among youths in Barberton (M = 3.32, SD = 1.148) than youths from Kriel (M = 3.30, SD = 1.260) and youths from Gert Sibande (M = 2.87, SD
= 1.216). To further analyse significant difference in agreement to statements in the research material, Welch test was used where ANOVA was not suitable. Figure 6.21 shows the robust tests of equality of means using Welch tests.
169 Table 6.20: Descriptive statistics – location (b)
N Mean Std. Deviation
1.5 I can develop a business plan Gert Sibande 108 3.85 .830
Barberton 92 3.82 .994
Kriel 155 3.48 1.124
Total 355 3.68 1.022
2.6 I get easily angry when I cannot get what I need
Gert Sibande 108 2.85 1.439
Barberton 92 3.18 1.204
Kriel 155 2.77 1.352
Total 355 2.90 1.350
3.1 I think Mpumalanga province lacks necessary economic resources to boost business compared to other provinces in South Africa
Gert Sibande 108 3.54 1.195
Barberton 92 3.52 1.124
Kriel 155 3.18 1.346
Total 355 3.38 1.255
3.4 I do not know how I can be assisted by Government in starting a business
Gert Sibande 108 2.89 1.321
Barberton 92 3.41 1.150
Kriel 155 3.44 1.196
Total 355 3.26 1.245
3.5 I do not know where to get raw materials for my proposed products
Gert Sibande 108 3.15 1.266
Barberton 92 3.48 1.084
Kriel 155 3.60 1.073
Total 355 3.43 1.151
3.9 None of the subjects I learnt in school taught me on how to start and run a business
Gert Sibande 108 2.07 1.258
Barberton 92 2.50 1.434
Kriel 155 2.65 1.385
Total 355 2.43 1.379
Table 6.21: Robust Tests of Equality of Means
Statistica df1 df2 Sig.
1.5 I can develop business plan Welch 5.378 2 217.897 .005 2.6 I get easily angry when I cannot
get what I need
Welch 3.319 2 214.954 .038
3.1 I think Mpumalanga province lacks necessary economic resources to boost business compared to other provinces in South Africa
Welch 3.298 2 220.234 .039
3.4 I do not know how I can be assisted by Government in starting a business
Welch 6.685 2 211.066 .002
170 3.5 I do not know where to get raw
materials for my proposed products
Welch 4.592 2 207.425 .011
3.9 None of the subjects I learnt in school taught me on how to start and run a business
Welch 6.244 2 211.151 .002
a. Asymptotically F distributed.
Table 6.21 show that there is a significant difference in agreement to the statement that youths are able to develop a business plan [Welch (2, 217.897) = 5.378, p = .005]. While table 6.20 shows agreement is greater for those from Gert Sibande (M = 3.85, SD = .830) and Barberton (M = 3.82, SD = .994) than for those from Kriel (M = 3.48, SD = 1.124). Also, there is a significant difference in agreement to the statement that participants easily get angry when they cannot get what they need. These statements measure psychological disorders [Welch (2,214.954) = 3.319, p = .038). Respondents from Barberton agreed more to this statement (M = 3.18, SD = 1.204) than respondents from Kriel (M = 2.77, SD = 1.352).
In furtherance to this, there is a significant difference in agreement to the statement that Mpumalanga province lacks necessary economic resources to boost business compared to other provinces in South Africa [Welch (2,220.234) = 3.298, p = .039]. Agreement is greater for participants from Gert Sibande (M = 3.54, SD = 1.195) and for participants from Barberton (M = 3.52, SD = 1.124) than those from Kriel (M = 3.18, SD = 1.346). Likewise, there is a significant difference in agreement among participants to the statement that they do not know how to get information on government’s assistance in starting a business [Welch (2,211.066) = 6.685, p = .002]. Agreement is greater for youths from Barberton (M = 3.41, SD = 1.150) and among youths in Kriel (M = 3.44, SD = 1.196) than from those youths in Gert Sibande (M = 2.89, SD = 1.321). Similarly, on the challenges associated with knowing where to source for raw materials for proposed products, participants’ responses to the statement showed a significant difference in agreement [Welch (2,207.425) = 4.592, p = .011]. Agreement is greater for participants from Kriel (M = 3.60, SD = 1.073) than for participants from Gert Sibande (M = 3.15, SD = 1.266). Finally, youths’ responses to the statement on not been taught on entrepreneurship and business management at school shows a significant difference in disagreement [Welch (2,211.151) = 6.244, p = .002]. Disagreement is greater for youths from Kriel (M = 2.65, SD = 1.385) than for youths from Gert Sibande (M
= 2.07, SD = 1.258).
171 6.8.2 Analysis by Gender
Table 6.22: Descriptive statistics – gender
1.8 I believe apartheid does not affect my decision to become an entrepreneur
N Mean
Std.
Deviation
Std.
Error
95% Confidence Interval for Mean
Minimum Maximum Lower
Bound
Upper Bound
Male 121 3.92 1.100 .100 3.72 4.12 1 5
Female 234 4.15 .977 .064 4.03 4.28 1 5
Total 355 4.07 1.025 .054 3.97 4.18 1 5
Table 6.23: ANOVA
1.8 I believe apartheid does not affect my decision to become an entrepreneur Sum of
Squares Df Mean Square F Sig.
Between Groups 4.461 1 4.461 4.283 .039
Within Groups 367.635 353 1.041
Total 372.096 354
From Table 6.22, there is a significant difference in agreement among female gender that apartheid does not affect their decision to become entrepreneurs [F (1,353) = 4.283, p = .039]. Agreement is greater for female gender across the three locations in the province (M = 4.15, SD = .977) than for their male counter parts (M = 3.92, SD = 1.100).