CONCLUSION

CHAPTER 7: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

7.6 CONCLUSION

The study contributes to the literature of incident command system-risk management-marine oil spill management relationship. Considering that the study was contextualised with the South African perspective, it was thus imperative that the country's local setting and risk profile is established first. This was most relevant in developing a conceptual model that can be qualified in other regions with a similar profile. The nexus of Organisational theory and the Incident Command System (ICS) informed various components of this study on the backdrop of the disaster risk equation. This enabled a ground to explore ICS's ability to function within the overall incident management spectrum, including preparedness and mitigation stages.

The empirical data collected through an exploratory-sequential mixed-method further informed this study. The method adopted was novel in investigating the risk of marine oil spills, notably because it allowed research in oil spill risk management within environmental sciences and viewed through the disaster management lens with a particular focus on institutional behaviour.

Accordingly, qualitative-biased findings mixed-method approach proved suitable to examine ICS’s functionality through the organisational theory lens on the comprehensive management of marine oil spills.

The application of ICS as a tool for developing an Incident Management System through organisational theory took a comprehensive outlook, commencing with establishing the status quo of the oil spill risk capacity in the country. This was accomplished through article 1 in chapter 3, which set forth an assessment of the country's challenges and opportunities for managing marine oil spills. In ensuring comprehensiveness in the assessment of oil spill risk management in South Africa captured in article 1, it was imperative that a detailed analysis of the legal framework that influences the identified observed circumstances is outlined. This was done

163

through article 2 in chapter 4. It was demonstrated that South African marine pollution laws and policies are on a reasonable development path. However, challenges in terms of enforcement capacity and equivocal provisions undermine the desired efficiency.

The findings from articles 1 and 2 indicated that coordination and collaboration were major artefacts for effective oil spill risk management. Thus, through Article 3 in Chapter 5, organisational, institutional and individual behavioural characteristics and practices that enhance a coordination process for the effective management of oil spill pollution were investigated. Thus, (i) political commitment, (ii) bridging knowledge gaps and (iii) sharing of resources were identified as practices that enhance and shape coordination for effective management of oil spill pollution in South Africa. Collectedly, the initial three articles highlighted vulnerabilities associated with institutional inadequacies, fragmentation of the legislative spectrum and limitation of resources as the main challenges in managing the risk of marine oil spills.

While ICS tools and organisational theory principles provide some direction for establishing an ideal organisation, it was inadequate in addressing the identified issues. This is because of the contextual perspective and the detailed demands of the risk. A conceptual model that mainstreams inter and intra-organisational planning, preparedness, and response to the marine oil spill risk are proposed in article 4 in chapter 6. The model is valuable because it focuses beyond the traditional emergency response tool but is fundamental in effecting adherence to reporting lines, performance standards and information integration.

The proposed conceptual model is aimed for the use by government and industry officials with the legal mandate, roles and responsibilities in managing the risk of marine oil spills. In conclusion, this study has identified several challenges with the proposed model. It envisaged a holistic stakeholders’ commitment that will enhance the management of oil spill risk through the process of pre-incident preparedness relationship building, capacity building and legal reform.

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