5.2 Questionnaire analysis – Scoring and definition of variables
5.2.4 Multiple challenges to the MCZ’s Fostering of Reconciliation and Healing
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laypersons and the CSOs played a significant role together with MCZ for both status. There was no distinct difference between the statuses on each item. The least rating of 3.6, however, among the ministers over ‘a number of CSOs came forth for the coalition with the MCZ’ was observed. Over and above a mean above 3 would point a disposition to agree with the statements.
Figure 5.9: Civil society organizations that worked together with the MCZ in peace- building process by training
Interestingly, Figure 5.9 reflected two categories of items with ties of variables. The highest ratings were linked to the item, ‘CSOs played a significant role together with MCZ’ with a mean score of 3.7 among the trained and untrained. The least mean of 3.6 was observed from the item ‘a number of CSOs came forth for the coalition with the MCZ’ among trained and untrained. However, as Figure 5.22 was also identified with no disagreement or gap a mean above 3 would signal a tendency of agree with in both statements.
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Table 5.4: Multiple challenges to the MCZ’s fostering of reconciliation and healing
Gender Status Training
Female Male Significance Minister Lay Person Significance Trained Untrained Significance
The church became a product of
colonial legacy 2.9 2.8 p>0.05 2.9 2.8 p>0.05 2.8 2.8 p>0.05 There was inadequate funding 3.1 3.6 M>F
p=0.050 3.6 3.2 p>0.05 3.5 3.2 p>0.05 There were internal divisions
over partisan politics 3.0 3.4 p>0.05 3.4 3.0 p>0.05 3.3 3.0 p>0.05 There was a lack of political
will 3.1 3.4 p>0.05 3.4 3.1 p>0.05 3.4 3.1 p>0.05
There was a lack of public
counselling centres 3.0 3.4 p>0.05 3.3 3.0 p>0.05 3.3 3.0 p>0.05 There was a lack of skilled
counsellors within the MCZ personnel
3.1 3.0 p>0.05 3.1 3.1 p>0.05 3.0 3.2 p>0.05 There was insufficient education
for reconciliation, healing and truth-telling
3.4 3.4 p>0.05 3.4 3.5 L>M
p=0.023 3.4 3.5 p>0.05 There was unsupportiveness
from civil society organisations 3.2 3.4 p>0.05 2.8 3.1 p>0.05 2.8 3.2 p>0.05 There were poor government
legislative reforms 3.4 3.7 p>0.05 3.6 3.4 p>0.05 3.6 3.4 T>U p=0.017
From the results above, while there tended to be some variability across most of the items, the reflection on the multiple challenges to the MCZ’s fostering of reconciliation and healing is characterised with disagreements, neutrals and agreements while the overriding factor is the significant differences in mean scores as tabulated in Figure 5.4 above in conjunction with Figures 5.10, 5.11 and 5.12. More responses from males tend to agree that there was inadequate funding than females with a significant difference of 3.6 and 3.1 (p=0.050) in which the marked difference might be influenced by statistical participant gender differences in which there were more males (53%) than females (47%). In as far as there was insufficient training for reconciliation, healing and truth-telling, this is rated with more lay persons agreeing than the ministers with a significant difference of 3.5 and 3.4 (p=0.023). The scenario could have been caused by the fact that there were more lay persons than ministers (52% against 48%), also as the lay persons were part of the majority at grassroots level who would have been most affected, they may have been more likely to have observed correctly that the process was lacking. The variances could have been created because some of the variables would have been exposed to the peace-building actors whilst others were not fully aware of the actors’
contributions. In terms of poor government legislative reforms, those who had been trained
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agreed more than those untrained, with mean scores of 3.6 versus 3.4 translating to p=0.017.
Again, the variance in favour of the trained could reliably have been caused by the fact that there were 66% trained against 34% untrained. In addition, interpretation and understanding of the research question could differ due to the varying level of education in respondents.
A number of challenges were evident during the course of fostering reconciliation and healing.
The most prominent and common were the least rated items, that is, whether the church became a product of colonial legacy and whether there was support from civil society organisations.
These tended to be the least rated across the three categories.
Overall, some of the responses were below average meaning that there was no positive agreement. Certain items differed significantly in ratings with respect to these groups (p<0.05).
These include questionnaire analysis on There was inadequate funding.
There was insufficient education for reconciliation and healing and truth-telling.
There were poor government legislative reforms.
Figure 5.10: Multiple challenges to the MCZ’s fostering of reconciliation and healing by gender
The facts depicted in Figure 5.10 above show that, overall, the highest ratings with respect to the challenges to fostering reconciliation and healing by gender were related to inadequate funding with a mean above 3 would foretelling a tendency to agree with statement which recorded highest mean of 3.6 among males while females registered the same item with 3.1. A
2,9 3,1 3
3,1 3
3,1 3,4 3,2
3,4
2,8
3,6 3,4 3,4 3,4 3
3,4 2,7
2,7
0 0,5 1 1,5 2 2,5 3 3,5 4
The church became a product of colonial legacy There was inadequate funding There were internal divisions over partisan politics There was a lack of political will There was a lack of public counselling centres There was a lack of skilled counsellors within the MCZ…
There was insufficient education for reconciliation and…
There was unsupportiveness from civil society…
There were poor government legislative reforms
MALE FEMALE
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mean around 3 would indicate a tendency to agree with statements as highly rated with the mean score of 3.4 among males were: there was insufficient education for reconciliation, healing and truth-telling, lack of skilled counsellors within MCZ, lack of political will and existence of internal divisions over partisan politics. Despite this uniformity in rating, the least rated items (even below average) were poor government legislative reforms and unsupportiveness from CSOs with a mean of 2.7 among males, however, a mean around 2 would point a disposition to disagree with statements. Generally, a prominent variance of 0.7 is noted between males and females over the case that there were poor government legislative reforms.
Figure 5.11: Multiple challenges to the MCZ’s fostering of reconciliation and healing by status
The figures in Figure 5.11 above portray items with highest mean scores on the objective pursuing the challenges to fostering reconciliation and healing by training. With respect to items, poor government legislative reforms as well as inadequate funding recorded the highest mean of 3.6 among ministers. The lay persons also acknowledged these two challenges, rated with 3.4 and 3.2 respectively. The other highly rated item was that there was insufficient education for reconciliation, healing and truth-telling, evidently among lay persons, with an
2,8 3,2 3
3,1 3
3,1 3,5 3,1
3,4
2,9
3,6 3,4 3,4 3,3 3,1
3,4 2,8
3,6
0 0,5 1 1,5 2 2,5 3 3,5 4
The church became a product of colonial legacy There was inadequate funding There were internal divisions over partisan politics There was a lack of political will There was a lack of public counselling centres There was a lack of skilled counsellors within the MCZ
personnel
There was insufficient education for reconciliation and healing and truth-telling
There was unsupportiveness from civil society organisations There were poor government legislative reforms
MINISTERS LAYPERSONS
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observable rating of 3.5 compared with the 3.4 rating among ministers. Despite the variances between variables means around 3 would foreshadow a tendency to agree with statements Also worth noting are the least (below average) rated items: the church became a product of colonial legacy and there was unsupportiveness from CSOs with mean of 2.8 among laypersons and ministers with the rating of 2.9 which reflects means around 2 signaling a tendency to disagree with the statements while around mean of 3 indicated a tendency to agree with statements among ministers and laypersons. The other observation was the notable gap between ministers and laypersons of 0.4 depicted for challenges of inadequate funding as well as existence of internal divisions over partisan politics.
Figure 5.12: Multiple challenges to the MCZ’s fostering of reconciliation and healing by training
Figure 5.12 above depicts highly rated items for challenges to fostering reconciliation and healing by variable training. Poor government legislative reforms was the highest rated with a mean of 3.6 among the trained and 3.4 among the untrained. In addition, inadequate funding and insufficient education for reconciliation, healing and truth-telling had a mean of 3.5 with 3.2 and 3.4 among untrained and trained respectively, hence a mean around 3 would predict a
2,8
3,5 3,3
3,4 3,3 3
3,4 2,8
3,6
2,8 3,2 3
3,1 3
3,2 3,5 3,2
3,4
0 0,5 1 1,5 2 2,5 3 3,5 4
The church became a product of colonial legacy There was inadequate funding There were internal divisions over partisan politics There was a lack of political will There was a lack of public counselling centres There was a lack of skilled counsellors within the MCZ
personnel
There was insufficient education for reconciliation and healing and truth-telling
There was unsupportiveness from civil society organisations There were poor government legislative reforms
UNTRAINED TRAINED
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tendency to agree with all statements. The majority of ratings were uniform with the exception of the least (below average) rated: ‘The church became a product of colonial legacy’ as well as
‘unsupportiveness from CSOs’ with means around 2.8 would point a tendency to disagree with statements for both variables among trained and untrained. The gap between untrained and trained was 0.4 for the item of unsupportiveness from CSOs.