8. Conclusion
8.3. Relevance of the study
a recognition that socio-political systems and the economy are embedded within ecosystems, and that good governance is required to regulate the relationship between these components, as well as the integrity of these relationships (Owens, 1994; Ravetz, 1996; Ekins et al, 2003; Gibson et al, 2008).
It thus appears that despite the emergence of urban regeneration and sustainability as parallel agendas within the city, there has been a lack of co-ordination between them and an imbalance in action, resulting in greater emphasis given to achieving urban regeneration, particularly pro-growth economic regeneration, than to sustainability (Couch and Dennemann, 2000). The neo-liberal pro-growth agenda has thus become dominant in the way in which urban regeneration is undertaken within the planning and development landscape of the city, due to the need and desire to compete in the global economy; and sustainability has consequently been side-lined.
They are therefore currently conflicting, rather than mutually reinforcing agendas within the city. This may result in negative impacts on the development of the city in the long term, and it is therefore imperative that sustainability is included to a greater extent within planning and development. Strong sustainability may be difficult to achieve in the context of a developing country such as South Africa, but there is still a need to strive towards it to ensure a more sustainable city and future.
The investigation of mega-projects occurring in other cities in KwaZulu-Natal could provide an analysis of what is occurring in the province in terms of these two agendas. Mega-projects being implemented in other cities such as Cape Town and Johannesburg may also provide insight into the urban regeneration and sustainability processes occurring within South Africa, as well as allowing for a comparison between these cities.
In order to determine the extent to which sustainability is being incorporated in the planning and development of the city, a future study could also investigate the relationship between sustainability and mega-projects which are focused on pro-poor initiatives within Durban.
Further studies of interest may involve an investigation of the way in which to improve the performance of mega-projects in terms of sustainability, as well as exploring the way in which decisions concerning these projects are made within cities such as Durban.
Given that cities hold the key to the future, with more than seventy percent of the global population expected to be living in cities by 2030 (UN-HABITAT, 2008); it is critical that a balance is achieved between economic growth and urban regeneration, and sustainability, particularly in the face of current challenges such as climate change. This research has shed some light on the relationship between these two agendas in the city of Durban, South Africa; and has highlighted how difficult it is for sustainability to have a significant impact in the context of the contemporary neo-liberal global economy. In order for sustainability to be placed firmly on the regeneration agenda, a fundamental change in the culture and priorities of cities is required, with a greater emphasis being placed on a broad and long term strategic view that includes social, economic and ecological dimensions.
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