This study aims to explore the development of local governance in a rural context through the use of the case study of the 10zini Municipality. Some local government officials and advisors believe that the role of traditional leaders in local government is important.
Evaluation
Conclusion and Recommendations
Appendix 2
Local Government Negotiation Forum Transitional Act for Local Government Lebombo Spatial Development Initiative Member of the Governing Council.
CHAPTER!
- Study Context
- Rationale for the research project
- Aim and objectives
- Major research questions
- Minor research questions
- Overview of the study
McIntosh traditional leaders served as intermediaries between the government and communities during apartheid, particularly in rural areas in the absence of local government. The aim of the study is to investigate the implementation of developmental local self-government in the rural context in the municipality of Joziril.
CHAPTER TWO
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
- Introduction
- Debates between modernists and traditionalists
- Dialectical modernisation theory
Accordingly, the modernists are convinced that the traditional institution of leadership has no place in the African context as it is seen as primitive, oppressive and unchanging in nature (ibid, 2003: 94). Scholars such as Keulder observed that the clashes between the modern state and the institution of traditional leadership must be seen primarily as a contestation of social control.
TRADITIONAL LEADERSHIP AND GOVERNANCE IN AFRICA: AN OVERVIEW
- The pre-colonial period
- Colonialism and traditional leadership in Africa
- Indirect rule and traditional leadership in Africa
- Weaknesses of indirect rule in Africa
- Traditional leadership and rural development in post colonial Africa
- Case Studies
- Uganda
- Ghana
- Traditional leadership and local government
Oyugi (1996) revealed that it was not difficult to recruit traditional leadership in Kenya because of the 'absence of heredity'. Jordan further argued that the aim of introducing a modern system of administration was not to destroy the traditional constitutional system.
Conclusion
We can also conclude that it has become a common practice in most countries that the various reforms of local self-government, which are understood as enabling local self-government, are almost aimed at subordinating traditional rulers to their control over economic survival - the land. In Ghana, the CPP's attempts to deprive traditional rulers of their economic livelihood was an invitation to direct conflict with the traditional institution.
CHAPTER THREE
TRADITIONAL LEADERS AND GOVERNANCE IN SOUTH AFRICA
- Introduction
- Traditional leadership in South Africa before 1948
- Traditional leadership and indirect rule
- Contextualising traditional leadership under apartheid regime (1948-1994)
- Traditional leaders and local government in KwaZulu
- Traditional leaders, Interim Constitution and Local Government Transition Act
- First Local Government Elections in KZN
For example, Amtaika acknowledged that "the KwaZulu Bantustan has devolved local government functions to tribal authorities". The restructuring of local government in South Africa remained at the top of the political agenda after 1990. Spitz and Chaskalson remind us that "the crisis paved the way for negotiations to transform local government in South Africa".
For example, Ngcobo pointed out that “the absence of strong local government in KZN is quite common.
DEVELOPMENTAL LOCAL GOVERNMENT
- Developmental local government and its challenges to the nation state
- Developmental local government and social capital
- Developmental local government in the rural context
Pycroft asserted that the challenge facing rural local government is to create sustainable livelihoods and reduce poverty in South Africa. He notes: 'it is important that the national government does not use local development governance as a means of shifting responsibility. Mogale stated that 'the main challenge for the development of local government in South Africa will be to ensure that the existing decentralization moves.
Also in this chapter, which refers to the development of local self-government, two broad development policies (RDP and GEAR) were discussed in tandem.
Introduction
Background of Jozini Municipality
- Agriculture and Conservation
- Jozini and its development activities post apartheid, 1995-2004
The northern boundaries of the Zulu kingdom were not clearly demarcated in the 19th century (Uphongolo Sub-Regional Development Plan: A Development Perspective. In the case of KZN, these secretaries reported directly to the district offices of the Ministry of Traditional Affairs. Most traditional authorities files are reviewed at the nearest district office of the Department of Traditional Affairs .
Basically, one of the important stakeholders for the Department of Traditional Affairs is the traditional authorities.
Qualitative Research Design
Case study approach
This use of multiple sources of evidence, each with its strengths and weaknesses, is an important feature of case study research.' It is for this reason that this research adopted the case study approach as there are numerous units of analysis and data sources. He further stated that the case study research takes time and one must be willing to spend that time.
The disadvantage of the case study method is that it is impossible to observe and analyze every municipality due to time and cost constraints.
Negotiating entry
The researcher avoided suspicion by stating that "I am conducting purely academic research and am a student at the University of KwaZulu-Natal". Since the researcher recorded most of the interviews, it was necessary to guarantee confidentiality to the traditional leaders.
Sampling Technique
The people selected represent the different groups of people relevant to development in rural areas.
Interview Process
Most of the interviews were conducted in the respondents' own languages, which are isiZulu and isiSwati. The researcher was in an advantageous position to understand most of the local languages under the 10zini commune. The researcher had a great understanding of the municipality, but did not have all the latest developments in the area.
Respondents were asked the same questions, but the researcher was able to adapt the wording, including terminology, to suit the background and educational level of the respondents.
Ethical Considerations
These interviews were supplemented with information obtained during the researcher's participation in local government seminars, training workshops, group discussions, conferences and forums organized by organizations working on local government matters in the KZN. The analysis of 10zini Municipality documents such as Integrated Development Plan (IGP) served as another method to gain a better understanding of local dynamics in the region.
Data Analysis
The two authors argued that it is imperative to analyze the data by themes and to group the discussions into groups of easily identifiable units. It is these parts and units that will convey the message to the readers. The data collected was divided into groups organized around themes that are central to this study.
Conclusion
CHAPTERS
Introduction
Politics and traditional leadership
There were those who argued that it was optional for traditional leaders to be part of party politics. Most respondents (councillors, ordinary community members and civil society representatives) agreed that the traditional involvement of leaders in party politics supports development. A civil society representative supported the view that the traditional involvement of leaders in party politics promoted progress.
It must be ensured that traditional leaders are included in the municipal budget process.
Preferred structure to lead development in the Jozini municipality
Two traditional leaders and advisers suggested that it was better if development was led by advisers because it was easy to determine how the money was used. Councilors argued that development should be led by them because they had access to government funding. As a result of the conflict between traditional leaders and elected representatives, 5% of respondents argued that development should be led by non-governmental organizations until these two sides reach a consensus on priority projects and implementation.
It was argued that once development is led by NOOs, traditional leaders and elected representatives would then have time to address their difficulties, which are negatively impacting development activities.
Legal frameworks
Most of these policies seem to support elected councilors and do not address the role of traditional leaders in development at the local government level. Councilors argued that in other circumstances, those traditional leaders who had training programs available were more cooperative, even though such training programs were not well coordinated. Some training programs have been initiated by individual organizations on what they believe is important for traditional leaders.
It could be an advantage if such training programs were developed in consultation with the traditional leaders themselves.
Relation between traditional leadership and government officials
With the officials under 10zini Municipality there was also some kind of interaction between officials and traditional leaders. This was supported by a councilor who argued that 'municipal officials respect traditional leaders because councilors respect traditional leaders' (Interview, 25 October 2004). It was further argued that there are other government departments that bypass traditional leaders and did the same thing even to the municipality.
Traditional leaders rejected the view that they were authoritative and that they sometimes disrespected council members.
Gender and traditional political institutions
One traditional leader argued that 'traditional leaders would appreciate seeing councilors in traditional authorities when there are meetings, just to inform us about development issues' (Interview, 15 October 2004). It was pointed out earlier that the municipality of 10zini is led by the IVP councilors and most of the councilors are IVP-oriented. Nevertheless, one councilor argued 'traditional leaders do not deal well with councilors and do not include us in their program but need us to make them part of our programs' (Interview, 25 October 2004).
This proves that women were officially excluded from traditional leadership and reveals the bias of the institution.
Traditional political system and youth
This was one of the weaknesses of the traditional institution compared to the modern institution. Youth participation would be able to enable democracy promotion and lead further to a vibrant democracy. The non-inclusion of young people would therefore lead to the violation of some democratic principles.
The youth were less interested in the structure of traditional leadership because it was not open to competition.
Conclusion
Traditional leaders believe that it is necessary to educate the youth about the importance of traditional leadership in their lives, despite the negative attitude that the youth had towards this structure. As one youth community member argued: 'youth play an important role in local government structures through their elected representatives. It was observed that the councilors who were aligned with the IFP respected their political leadership in working with the traditional leaders, not all of them wanted to work with the traditional leaders.
Most of the officials urged the government to take the issue of traditional leaders and democratic structures very seriously as they witness the slow delivery of services stemming from political antagonisms.
Introduction
Traditional leaders are not subject to the electoral process, but to a certain type of accountability mechanism (see Chapter 2). This is similar to what has been revealed by this study that there were still groups of traditional leaders who were still opposed to the newly established system of local government - such groups can be called resistant. Sadly, it is clear in most countries that they are looking for a suitable place for traditional leaders in governance in sub-Saharan Africa (Goodenough, 2002).
This study argues that traditional leaders functioned as local government prior to South Africa's first democratic local government elections.
Dialectical modernization theory
Others who advocated the exclusion of traditional leaders from the board argued that the institution is male-dominated, which violates the principles of non-sexism. Essentially, those who advocated the integration of traditional leaders into governance supported their argument regarding their role in the pre-colonial period. Even in South Africa, there are some disagreements within the alliance (African National Congress, South African Communist Party (SACP) and Congress of South African Trade Unions (COSATU)) on the issue of traditional leaders in a democracy.
Ntsebenza argued that “the alliance is not unanimous on the issue of traditional leaders in a democracy.
Traditional leadership and the land question
In the municipality of 10zini, it was discovered that the representation of 20% of traditional leaders in municipal affairs has not been used.35 It is worth noting that this 20%. Ironically, even though their powers were reduced, the implementation of some development policies required the support of traditional leaders or chiefs. The difference in the new political landscape in South Africa is that traditional leaders are seen as one of the important stakeholders in the implementation of rural development in South Africa (Pycroft, 2002).
The question that arises about the participation of traditional leaders in municipal affairs is whether it is supportive or directive.
Service delivery mechanism in the new macro-economic context
- Specific issues to be addressed by the municipality
Second, it shows the relevance of the study in the implementation of developmental local government in South Africa, where traditional leaders dominate. Local Government and Poverty in South Africa', in Parnell, S, Pieterse, E, Swilling, M and Wooldridge Dominique (eds) Democratizing Local Government the South African Experiment. The role of local government', in Parnell, S, Pieterse, E, Swilling, M and Wooldridge Dominique (eds) Democratizing Local Government the South African Experiment.
Developing Local Government', in Parnell, S, Pieterse, E, Swilling, M and Wooldridge Dominique (eds) Democratizing Local Government the South African Experiment.
QUESTIONNAIRE
- BIOGRAPHICAL DETAILSIDEMOGRAPHIC INFORMATION
- QUESTIONS
- Politics and Traditional Leadership 1 How do traditional leaders relate with political parties?
- Traditional Political System and Development
- Legal Frameworks
- Structures and Mechanisms
- Relation between traditional leadership and governments
- Gender and Traditional Political Institutions 1 What is the status of women in traditional authorities?
- Traditional Authority and Local Government in Service Delivery
- Traditional Political System and Youth
- Policies
