Where the work of others has been used, this is duly acknowledged in the text. These include: my supervisor, Dr H.K.Watson, members of the RFIM Durban Office, members of the Geography Department, Commander A.Liebenberg from Chief Joint Support, Prof. Riddle from the Institute of Environmental Law, Mr Steward Green from the Ministry of Agriculture and Environmental Affairs and Mr C.Joubert of the Department of Water Affairs and Forestry.
Data obtained from questionnaires administered to soldiers revealed that current waste management practices on temporary bases and during patrols are considered satisfactory by soldiers as they are of the opinion that "we are doing the best we can under such circumstances ". . The waste audit revealed that ninety-eight percent of the waste generated in the study area is recyclable. Regarding sanitation, the Director of Sanitation of the Department of Water Affairs and Forestry (D.W.A.F .) suggested that the relevant members of the S.A.N.D.F.
L.C . Capt
AEA EAT
LIST OF ABREVIATIONS
Motivation for Study Area
The probability that there will be problems with waste management in such areas is high, due to the nature of such dislocations and the lack of municipal services. The temporary bases located at Kwa Mashudu and Farezella, within the Umhlabuyalingana Municipal District (U.M.D.), will be the focal points of this research. Dislocations in these areas are year-round and the waste generated from these displacements is managed by digging, burning and burial.
Determining the national and provincial legal requirements for waste management in the research field. If necessary, recommend how current research waste management practices can be improved.
I Swaziland I
Introduction
According to the White Paper on Defense (R.S.A., 1996), the responsibility to ensure the exercise of proper ecological management of military property rests with the Minister of Defense and the Chief of the Armed Forces. This chapter provides a diagrammatic representation of the structure of the S.A.N.D.F. Figure 2.1) and a brief explanation of the role and function of each level as indicated. Secondly, the history of environmental services in the S.A.N.D.F. discussed and finally the current structure of environmental management at national and regional level is provided.
Structure of the Department of Defence .1 Level 0 and Level 1
Minister of Defence
One of the current projects of the committee is to offer a course on Integrated Waste Management in 2004 (Godschalk, 2003). The aim of solid waste management is therefore to protect public health and preserve the environment. A model of the waste management process is depicted in Figure 3.1, which contains the basic components of a waste management system.
For this purpose, an understanding of the waste management process is required, which will be discussed below. Thus, important aspects of waste generation, storage and transport are overlooked in waste management. Waste classification is important at this stage of the waste management process as it affects waste management.
LAN IDFILL)NO
NO, AND ALL OPTIONS HAVE BEEN EXHAUSTED?
A Comparative Analysis of Waste Management in Developed and Developing Countries
According to Horan (1996), in addition to strict legislation, there is intensive research in the field of waste management, which aims to increase the efficiency of traditional waste management and develop alternatives. Similar trends are reflected in the USA, i.e. strict legislation has led to searches for innovative improved waste management methods. However, in most developing economies, the provision of a basic waste management system is either absent or insufficient.
A review of this literature makes it clear that the United States must adhere to national waste management laws as presented in In response to this action, the United States created the Solid Waste Management Manual in 1990 and went further by providing appropriate guidelines for waste management for specific waste generators. Army AR 420-47, Solid and Hazardous Waste Management - This document assigns responsibilities and defines regulatory requirements for the environmentally safe management of solid and hazardous waste in the Army.
A waste management strategy for uniform, effective and efficient management of waste for all its services is necessary. This section reveals the government's commitment to address the waste management and sanitation challenges it faces. Therefore, this section reviews relevant national, provincial and local policies and legislation which outline the requirements of the Act with respect to waste management and sanitation and.
The White Paper on Integrated Pollution and Waste Management (I.P.W.M.) (D.E.A.T., 2000) contains a holistic and integrated waste management. The vision in the white paper is that all South Africans must be active in waste management and pollution control. The White Paper thus also applies to all government departments (including D.o.D.) and all activities (including operations) that have an impact on waste management and pollution.
The White Paper is a government statement and to give effect to this statement, the 1999 National Waste Management Strategy (N.W.S.) was developed with the aim of reducing waste generation and its impact on the environment.
CHAPTER FOUR METHODOLOGY
Data Collection
All respondents were informed about the purpose of the research and what it hoped to achieve before the interview. In this dissertation, participant observation was used to verify and complement the information provided by members of the S.A.N.D.F. Information on waste management derived from the literature review provided the context within which the data obtained could be evaluated to identify gaps in waste management practices in the research area.
Being on site also allowed the researcher to observe the waste management practices of the local community. The broad objective of this study is to determine the legal compliance levels of current waste management practices of the S.A.N.D.F deployment. in the rural areas of Northern KwaZulu-Natal. The first discusses the relationship between the 8.A.N.D.F. and the owners of the land acquired by the 8.A.N.D.F.
This information provides insight into how the deployments and the associated activities of the 8.A.N.D.F. considered by the relevant tribal authority. The purpose of this visit is to inform the chief of the presence of the 8.A.N.D.F.on tribal land. Predeployment evaluations of the company are conducted by the 8.01 Ops of the Group Headquarters at the home unit.
Aspects such as personal hygiene, basic hygiene (littering) and discipline are included in the presentation of the Group Sergeant Major (G.S.M.). After the induction program, soldiers are moved to the deployment area for the execution of the operation. These operational liaison committee (L.O.C.) meetings are held between the Company Commander and the S.01 B.L.C.
According to the logistics manager at Group HO, companies are supplied with bins and garbage bags when funds are available.
Dumpsite at Ndumu
- Introduction
- Planning and Preparation of Deployments
- Waste Management Practices
- Conclusion
Ninety-three percent of respondents claimed to have received instructions at T.B., while only 40% received instructions during patrols. 43 percent of soldiers claimed to have received instructions on waste management during basic training. Seventy-six percent of soldiers in T.B. and only 20% of those on patrol indicated that there is control over whether waste management regulations are followed.
Eighty-six percent of respondents indicate that they dig, burn and bury waste at the T.B. D.W.A.F. Deputy Director of Water Quality Management, Mr. Charlie Joubert, believes that the S.A.N.D.F. The broad objective of this study was to establish the statutory waste management and sanitation requirements of the S.A.N.D.F. at the deployment locations in a rural area in Northern KwaZulu-Natal.
Recommendations are then made to improve the waste management and sanitation practices of S.A.N.D.F. The survey also revealed that national departments were unaware of the presence of S.A.N.D.F. in these areas. The chief and members of the tribe will therefore only engage in the activities of the S.A.N.D.F.
The first step towards improving waste management and sanitation practices in S.A.N.D.F. under rural deployments is the formulation of a policy on integrated pollution control and waste management. S.A.N.D.F.'s current waste management practices in the research area are contrary to the requirements of E.C.A.(1989). 98 percent of the waste material from the research area is recyclable, and it is therefore recommended that all the waste generated at T.B.
Environmental protection should be part of the S.A.N.D.F. s overall management system, including the planning and preparation for deployments.
Department of Defense (1993) Handling and Disposal of Waste Materials in and from Health Care Facilities, Surgeon General, SAMS Headquarters, Pretoria. Department of Defense (1997) Health Services in the SA National Defense Force, Directive C SANDF 7/3, SAMS Headquarters, Pretoria. Department of Defense (2001) First Edition, Environmental Implementation Plan, Ministry of Defence, Pretoria. 2002) Exploring Policy Interventions for Sustainable Development in South Africa: A Modeling Approach, South African Journal of Science, 98, p. 3-18.
1998) Recycling and the Politics of Urban Waste, Earthscan Publications, London.p Environmental Management in South Africa, Butterworth Publishers (Pty) Ltd, South Africa. Houcraft (2002) Umgingindlovu District Municipality: Integrated Waste Management Plan, SRK Consulting Engineers and Scientists, Durban. undated), public participation and environmental decision-making in South Africa. Investigation of current procedures and issues relating to waste management in the Ministry of Defence, ChiefJoint Support, Pretoria. eds), State of Environment and Development Report of the Durban Metropolitan Area.
Voices from the Ground: People, Poverty and the Environment in South Africa, Environmental Justice Networking, Doorspruit. An overview of recycling: Using Durban as a case study, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Natal, Durban. RS.A (1998) Draft White Paper on Integrated Pollution and Waste Management for South Africa, Department of Environmental Affairs and Tourism, Government Printing Office, Pretoria.
White Paper on Environmental Management Policies for South Africa, Department of Environmental Affairs and Tourism, Government Printer, Pretoria. 2002) Sanitation for a Healthy Nation: Questions and Answers in the White Paper on Basic Household Sanitation, Department of Water and Forestry, Government Printer, Pretoria. 1994) Solid Waste Management and Basic Requirements of Landfill Site Development, Unpublished Paper, NatalTechnikon, Durban.
An Environmental Management System for Defense in South Africa, Unpublished paper, Head of Joint Support, Pretoria, p 1-3. 1998).
PERSONAL COMMUNICATIONS
APPENDICES
Questionnaire to the soldiers deployed in the research area
Are you instructed on what you can/can't do with the waste you generate a) at the temporary base, b) during patrols?.
