After 1994 with the end of white rule in South Africa, some followers of the Tembe dynasty began to question the legitimacy of the royal family. This dissertation is a historical overview of the origins and development of challenges to the Tembe royal family's control over present-day Maputaland. I heard other stories about the history of Temba around the drinking halls.
Within a few weeks I began collecting the outlines of Ngubane's land claims in Maputaland. In seeking the oral history of the Ngubane, I sought the perspective of the Tembe royal family in relation to the historical claim of members of the Ngubane clan. The narrator had obtained oral traditions from the elders who passed on the traditions of the Ngubane to him.
First, when I did fieldwork, there was evidence to suggest that the members of Makhuza held meetings with the royal family to discuss the authority of the Makhuza family in Maputaland. 14 This objective appears in the memorandum for preparation of the Application for the reinstatement of Makhuza's chieftainship.
KWAZULUI NATAL
SOUTH AFRICA
Other parts of Makhuza District extend southwards to Lake Sibaya and border the western boundary of Ngwanase Division. The entire country is demarcated under the control of a number of chiefs who advise followers and collect tribute on behalf of the two Tembe families. Many chiefs are related to both Tembe families, but there are many chiefs who are not related to either Tembe family.
Data from the time of the Nationalist Party that ruled South Africa from 1948 to 1994 provided little evidence for this case. This chapter explores the role played by the British and Natal colonial governments in their support for the Maputa or Tembe royal family. Chapter four traces the rise of the house of Makhuza during the implementation of Bantustan policies from 1948 to 1971.
The focus is on the establishment of tribal authorities who were believed by the Makhuza house to have played a decisive role in undermining the leadership and independence of the Makhuza family. Resistance to conservation, combined with the local politics of the Inkatha liberation movement, fueled the demand for a separate tribal authority under the leadership of the Makhuza family.
The past and the present
The migration of the Ngwanase chief from the Portuguese to British territory in the late nineteenth century aroused deeper interest among British colonial officers. The James Stuart Archives of Recorded Oral Evidence Concerning the History of the Zulu and Neighboring Peoples. His work reveals that the Thonga chiefs controlled the area roughly from Delagoa Bay to St.
In the main house of the Maputa, Makhasana succeeded his father's death around the early 1800s. 3, The important evidence of the members of the Ngubane family in Maputaland is so diverse. The defeat of the Zulus by the British in 1879 marked the end of Zulu dominance over the Maputa kingdom.
Zambili also had difficulty controlling chiefs in the southern part of the Maputa kingdom. These chiefs lived in the eastern Lubombo Mountains and north of the Mkhuze River. The presence of the Germans and Afrikaners complicated British imperial policy regarding the coastline.
Garson maintains that the principle of British policy was to prevent the Republic from reaching the sea.
British-Natal Colonial Government and the Rise to Dominance of Ngwanase, 1896-1948
However, as the previous chapters show, the evidence of Makhuza and Ngubane in Maputaland was not documented. However, oral evidence from Makhuza members also suggests that the presence of the British colonial government in Maputaland further strengthened the status of the Ngwanase house. Although Maputaland had already become a British Protectorate, a full annexation without a war was seen as a boon to the government.
It was beneficial for the British to get Maputaland under their control without the government having the expense of monitoring. In terms of colonial law, Ngwanase was guilty many times, but no one could punish him because he was becoming so special to the government. Furthermore, Ngwanase was aware of the weaknesses of the colonial arrangement in Maputaland and even understood the rivalry between the Portuguese and British governments.
The arguments presented here do not claim that colonial powers did not dictate African polities. He said all these words in the presence of the magistrate and spoke loudly so that the magistrate could hear him. During colonial rule, the government prescribed the duties and defined the roles of the chiefs.
The Chief Native Commissioner's records show that Nyamazana's death was reported. This leaves room for differing opinions on the power of the colonial state in Maputaland. It also suggests that in some areas the power of the colonial state was limited.
This means that the Tembe leaders were not threatened by the power of the colonial state, allowing them to tell the government that their authority in Maputaland was above that of the government. The irony is that Ngwanase's power in southern Maputaland was increased by the British colonial system. He was not popular with the people of this region. Politeness was a strategy of the Thonga leaders to force their way through the colonial government.
The Resistance of Makhuza and the Bantu administration, 1948-1971
No one from the house of Makhuza was aware of the changes taking place in the government and in Maputaland. Dorp & Barker, to question the government about the status of the Makhuza family in Maputaland. The government therefore rejected the right of Waiter's lawyers to intervene in the conflict between the two Tembe families.
The testimony indicates that Woerner only interviewed the members of the royal family and did not consult the house of Makhuza. In short, the establishment of the Bantu administration under the Nationalist government fueled the Tembe-age-old conflict. The advent of apartheid policies centralized power under the leadership of the royal family through the establishment of tribal authority.
Eventually, this event complicated the Tembe chief's relationship with his followers. For the members of the Makhuza family, the "popular" discontent sparked the old rivalry between the two Tembe families. This chapter attempts to shed light on the impact of the nature reserve established in the Kosi Bay area of Maputaland by the KwaZulu government in the 1980s.
The history of nature conservation in Maputaland is traced to the late nineteenth century when Maputaland was governed by the British colonial government. This area is in the eastern part of the Lubombo mountain range and north of Ubombo Magistrate. He mentioned that the boundaries of the reserve were marked in the presence of tribal councilors and leaders.
The expropriation of land from the Makhuza community was distorted by the politics of the Makhuza and Tembe royal family. While the examples given above seem convincing that the introduction of conservation by the Tembe tribal government led to the resurgence of resentment between the House of Makhuza and the royal family, there is another side to the story. In 2000, the Tembe tribal authority established a policy stating that development would only take place with the consent of the royal family.
Today, members of the Makhuza clan also feel that the Nationalist government protected the royal family with "primary" status during the establishment of tribal authorities in the 1960s. In fact, parts of the South African Constitution have been carefully selected by Makhuza members to justify their claim.
