I believe that BIG would not change the structural nature of the problem(s) that exist in South Africa. This chapter will evaluate some of the government initiatives to reduce poverty in South Africa since 1994. He went on to say that the functioning of the labor market gives rise to the three important groups of tasks associated with qualitative changes in the workforce.
It is becoming increasingly apparent that the sustainability of democratic welfare is being called into question. The era of the welfare state is coming to an end, not with a bang, but one. However, this kind of universal democracy becomes meaningless for the most part if the majority of the population still lives in poverty.
In contrast, there are those who claim that we are not observing the end of the nation. A new role for the nation-state is said to be emerging as opposed to its role declining.
SELF-RELIANCE THEORY
Rather, I want to argue for the need of the state to provide citizens with the means to earn a living, so that every citizen (or at least the majority of citizens) does not rely on the state for an unlimited period of time . He argued that 'development' was something done for people, to people, sometimes in spite of them and even against their will, rarely with them, while another development was 'of the people, by the people and for the people' is. IOS Components of another development' is that it. 34;The 'social economy' consists of a wide range of activities that have the potential to provide opportunities for local people and communities to engage in all stages of the process of revitalization and job creation, from identifying basic needs to the operationalization of initiatives.
The social economy covers the economic potential and activities for self-help and cooperation movements, i.e. the social economy is the fastest growing sector in Europe and this context is fertile ground for the creation of many new enterprises at the local level". I07 .social economy, the main interest is not in profit maximization, but in building social capacities.
Success is judged in 10 of the jobs created, the number of people involved in a voluntary or learning capacity and the income generated, for and within a community. It is about effective cooperation, mutual dependence and active participation of citizens in the social and economic welfare of local communities. The changing economic conditions challenged the state's commitment to income distribution, direct management of the national economy and provision of uni-1 education, health care and social insurance.IIO The social economy.
The emergence of the third sector provides an opportunity for the state to reduce its welfare obligations in the face of increasing fiscal stress and an increasing anti-welfare ideology .111. The social economy is increasingly being defined as the solution to the problems of social exclusion. The traditional form of the welfare state is just not compatible with the conditions of the global economy [which promotes the flexibility of work].
Hercules et al argued that participation of the poor will also make projects more effective as instruments of development.
DISCUSSION AND REVIEW
According to government reports, there are six main causes of high unemployment in South Africa. It is widely accepted that globalization has contributed to a radical restructuring of the labor market, what Slancting would call 'global labor flexibility'. However, one criticism of the national policy framework has been the focus on macroeconomic stabilization at the expense of social spending and poverty reduction.
Nevertheless, I believe it is a positive initiative to try to incorporate the spheres of society into one body to ensure representativeness and participation. The vision of the UYF is to promote the active participation of South African youth in the mainstream of the economy. A number of advantages of the PWP have already been mentioned in the first chapter of this paper, p.5-6).
On the other hand, international experience has shown that the successful implementation of PWP depends on its scope, duration and targeting. Second, and in line with the first limitation, is the fact that policy discourse is inconsistent about the nature of the labor market problem and the appropriate responses. 1992 (Act No. 59 of 1992), with the consent of the Minister of Finance, announced an increase in social assistance.
Recently, a study commissioned by the Directorate of Economy and Finance and the Department of Social Development was carried out and assessed the social and economic impact of social grants. HfV/AIDS is realized as one of the four interrelated challenges facing South Africa and the most concentrated among the black population. However, I personally found it interesting that after the long and useful report on the positive benefits of social grants, Dr.
The role of the 'active welfare state' must essentially consist of promoting participation, in various ways. Nevertheless, he admitted that "the back door strategy does not have the grandeur of the front gate. The most important thing is the previous system of governance which largely guides the way of the current system of government.
CONCLUSION
I don't think about 40% of society is unemployed because they are lazy and they are not looking for work. This is a result of a number of reasons that have been mentioned above and I believe that tackling these challenges should be the priority of government and society. If they succeed in dealing with the causes of high unemployment, then I optimistically assume that the percentage of the poor will be drastically reduced, at which point it would be beneficial to provide a means-tested BIG.
For the successful "future of the capitalist society" there is a strong argument for the recognition of the necessity of the change in the state intervention. Developing countries should improve labor market flexibility and thus reduce costs, give more emphasis to the ALMP and increased coordination of the unemployed to restore the idea that 'work pays'. Firstly, it is the reorganization of the labor process - it has already been mentioned above that the apartheid past labor market system was one of the obstacles to socio-economic prosperity of the previously disadvantaged communities in South Africa.
169 The challenge for government is to allow society to shift its frame of mind beyond a welfare mentality' 'without losing critical electoral and broader support or undermining the legitimacy of the nation-state' .170. Another point of contention is the issue of means-testing. Big proponents argue that it would be too costly to have a means-test, and typically means-tested grants fall short of their goals. A common argument in favor of BIG consists of the assertion that a universal minimum income would help to value useful and market activities, which are still popular.171 But this is a problem in my understanding, because BIG is universal; it's still not just for people who are involved in non-commercial activities.
Another point is that BIG will not help to bridge the inequality gap and also will not change the structural nature of the problem of poverty and unemployment. From here, he brought the theory of the state, which briefly explained the difficulties faced by welfare states and also the 'end of nation states' debate, which justified why citizens should not depend on the state for survival. This was followed by a discussion and assessment of government initiatives since 1994 to address poverty and all other inequities created and left behind by the apartheid government.
In this chapter I may not have been able to cover every initiative taken by the government since 1994, but I have tried to provide a broader picture of the government's efforts to address the issues of unemployment and poverty.
RECOMMENDATIONS
In addition, the South African Communist Party (SACP) proposed that the school meals scheme be revived. The Human Development Report stated that the Primary School Nutrition Program reaches about five million children. As much as Bhoral argued that youth should be a job creation problem and the unemployed can be a [social subsidy}.
Therefore, it is recommended to pay more attention to the other recommendations that we intend to implement. This essentially fits with President Mbeki's argument that comprehensive social security has simply been turned into a 'BIG debate', which it should not be. In addition, May recommended that new jobs be created as the most direct way that growth helps the poor.
He argued that there is a good chance that the additional operational costs of lowering the retirement age will be lower than setting up an entirely new subsidy scheme. I therefore end by agreeing with Shorat that the social grant system loses its appeal and even its effectiveness if it is used as a tool for poverty reduction targeting the entire population (including the able-bodied, the young, etc.), especially in a developing country. country like South Africa. Creating Jobs, Fighting Poverty: A Framework for Employment Strategies in http://www.polity.org.za!hlmllgovdocs/miscljobsframeworkl.html# 1.1, accessed January 19, 2005.
HercuJes, A. Andersson, G. and Dangor, Z., (August 1997) Monitoring poverty reduction programmes: input document on indicators for the poverty and inequality report. Conference on Overcoming Underdevelopment in South Africa's Second Economy, University of Cape Town in http://www.sarpn.org.7.a1documents.d0000985/index.php accessed 24 January 2004. Comprehensive social security system for South Africa: Transfonning the Present and Protecting the Future.
The Holy Bible Containing the Old and New Testaments (1984) in the King James Version.
