The role of EI in flood risk management is strongly reflected in the belief system and actions of rural communities in Ladysmith. In order to promote sustainable flood risk management in the context of climate change, the role of EI in flood risk management should be increasingly considered in urban areas.
INTRODUCTION
Adopting of Millennium Ecosystem Assessment policies in South Africa
This is in accordance, inter alia, with the requirements of the Department of Environmental Affairs (a manager of the environment in the country of South Africa), section 24 of the Constitution, and in terms of the requirements of the National Environmental Management Act of 1998. This is the case in the MTSP Medium Term Strategic Planning in terms of outcome number 10, which indicates that the government supports the strategy.
Supporting legal frameworks, policy, and legislation
However, the ELLM Disaster Management Unit must align with the guidelines of the Provincial Department of Cooperative Governance (COGTA), which is responsible for establishing and updating the disaster management framework in KwaZulu-Natal. Legislation and policy framework for integrating the disaster management plans into the development plans.
Legislation and Policy Framework for the Integration of the Disaster Management Plans into
Other guiding legislation and its relevance
Most decisions related to land development in the municipality rest with the municipality, which is expected to draft the SPLUMA by-laws. By law, proposed development in ELLM (and KZN) must avoid breaching historic, palaeontological and archaeological sites in accordance with a report or specialist studies such as those from heritage impact assessments.
Conclusion
CONTEXT AND THE BACKGROUND TO THE CASE STUDY
Attractions or tourism areas in close proximity
According to the ELLM IDP, 2012a), ELLM is also well located in relation to at least two major tourist destinations in KwaZulu-Natal. It actually serves as a base for exploring the battlefields in the north and the Ukhahlamba-Drakensburg Park in the south.
Environmental factors
Further characteristics of the Klip River as the main stream leading to the flooding of Ladysmith are highlighted in Table 3.3. Due to its location in the floodplain of the Klip River, it has been flooded several times in its history.
Motivation of case study selection
The map indicates that the Sundays River is in a relatively unaltered catchment area and that the condition of the wetlands in these areas is of no significance compared to that in Driefontein. In terms of location, the Emachibini, which is highlighted in green, is located to the north of the confluence between the Tugela and the Klip River (see Figure 3.3 and Appendix A1).
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
- Introduction
- Ethical Issues
- Participant Observation
- Analysis of the primary documentary data
- Policy and guiding legislation
- List of major plans analysed in the study
- Thematic analysis of data
- Challenges of the research during the site visits
- Limitations
- Conclusion
Depending on the type of questions asked, the researcher used open and closed questions. Since the Researcher was born and raised in ELLM (and is therefore an insider), there was a good understanding of the culture and dress code of different places. 53 | The Narratives page helped map the benefits of ecological sites and the cultural services they offer.
There were five participants (two men and three adult women) who contributed directly to the focus group information, which was recorded.
STAKEHOLDER’S PERCEPTIONS OF USING ECOLOGICAL INFRASTRUCTURE TO ADDRESSING
Introduction
General reflection on the causes of flood vulnerability
- Stakeholders’ perceptions and the severity of floods in relation to the Qedusizi dam
- Response of the Rural Communities (RC) to floods
- The role of Ladysmith storm water system in generating flood risk
- What are other indirect drivers of continued flood risks in the ELLM?
- Reflections on the threats to flood risk management infrastructures
Due to the location of the town, flooding has occurred in Ladysmith for a long time (Respondent 4: LG Stakeholder - Urban Planning Department, 2015; Respondent 5: LG Stakeholder - Environmental Hygiene Department, 2015; Respondent 6: LG Stakeholder - Disaster Department, 2015; Respondent 7: NG Stakeholders - Environmental Affairs, 2015; Respondent 12: LG Stakeholder Liaison Committee Member, 2015; Respondent 13: LG Stakeholders - Parks and Gardens Unit, 2015). From a site design perspective, the site's position on a floodplain results in immediate runoff even if there is normal rainfall” (Respondent 7: NG Stakeholder-Environmental Affairs, 2015). So imagine that it will rain and what effect it will have on the health of the river.
As a result, the researcher concludes that the respondents showed a poor understanding of the Klirivier EI and its value.
Stakeholders’ perception of solutions to flood risks
- Strategic Planning/baseline information produced for and by the LM
- Towards Risk Reduction Approach in the DMP and its influence the IDP
- Driefontein LAP Intervention in the Upper catchment areas of Klip River
- ELMOSS Policy and other plans supporting the integration of EI concept
- Reflections on the flood attenuation functions of the EI before the Qedusizi dam flood control
The map shows that the dominant ecological assets (i.e. wetlands) are located in the northern part of the municipality. There is only one formally protected area in the south of the municipality, near Colenso. The City of Ladysmith case study site as a primary development hub is located on the Klip River floodplain.
This region is important because it is located in the upper reaches of the Klip River.
Conclusion
Near the place called Watersmeet above the town, the river appeared to have overflowed into a floodplain about a mile square of the open field. It appeared that the level of the stream, which had reached 8.4 m, was not actually miscalculated, but that there was a floodplain above Ladysmith that weakened the axis waters. This proves an argument that prior to the installation of the engineering solutions such as the Qedusizi dam, the EI solutions (i.e. wetlands) were already playing a crucial role in Ladysmith in terms of flood mitigation (INR, 1988).
Therefore, this alternative (old-fashioned natural access) solution must be respected and rehabilitated, as it is part of the flood risk management strategies.
SOLUTIONS TO FLOOD RISK IN EMNAMBITHI/LADYSMITH LM AND THE VALUE OF
Introduction
Stakeholders’ reflections on the use of hard engineering
- Reflections on the awareness and use of the dam’s solutions
- Other hard engineering solutions to deal with flooding
Seeing the droughts, the needs of the poor agricultural communities in the municipality and the underutilization of There are many pedestrian bridges in the city and one of the historical bridges built was on the Sofi Mosque. This proves that the city's residents, businesses (among others) are adapting to flood risk, using strong engineering solutions to support them.
This is the case as alien plants (as well as a forest) have grown in some parts of the river.
Stakeholder’s reflections on the use of soft Engineering in Flood Risk Management
- National DWAF legal enforcement
- Map of the Informers (i.e. farmers) in dealing with the impact of localised rains
- Other solutions- flood warning system
98 | P a g e The following sub-sections discuss some of the low impact development options pursued in the ELLM to manage urban flooding. This strategy is important as it reduces the negative impact of “local downpours” (Respondent 12: LG Stakeholder-Flood Liaison Committee, 2015). The main stakeholders [riverside farmers and police in Van Reenen and Driefontein] in the upper reaches of the Klip River and Sand Spruit have been mapped and are also included in the Qedusizi flood control scheme from Ladysmith.
In the study, Botes et al, (2011) call for a cost-effective flood line technology (i.e. GIS) to assist in the mapping of the flood risk areas in South Africa.
Reflection on the use of EI in addressing flood risks
- Perceptions of Emnambithi/Ladysmith Municipal Open Space System in regulating the floods
- RC Stakeholder reflections on the solutions to floods and environmental changes
This is especially true since the municipal officials do not have the capacity and they do. There are also widespread creative stories shared by most of the KR stakeholder representatives interviewed in Emahakini (within ELLM). Therefore, one realizes that some members of the community have the spiritual connection with the value of ecological sanctuaries [i.e.
This shows that people with a deep understanding of tradition and knowledge are disappearing.
Perceived solutions and recommendations on flood risks
As for me, I make presentations and raise awareness about the sustainable use of natural resources. However, in the context of Ladysmith, it is not entirely clear whether high authority to subjugate others [public and minorities] led to the installation of the dams. On the track listing of the album The Very Best of Ladysmith Black Mambazo (Disc 2 of Song 3), Ladysmith Black Mambazo recorded a song named after Qedusizi which was based on the newly designed flood dam (Shabalala, 2004).
Because there are Zulu communities included in Bernard's (2003) tribal studies, it is argued that South Africa's Bantu tribes were subjugated or alienated from their cultural water use practices through modernization during colonialism, apartheid and even in the post the second World War. apartheid area (via privatization of water locations for commercial practices or damming the rivers).
Conclusion
114 | P a g e Conversely, the research also revealed that the high authority indirectly used the construction of huge dams to subjugate others [the public and minorities] to their cultural and social practices. Damming a river subjugates an off-site community by stopping the flow of water in the community downstream. In contrast, rural stakeholders (i.e. the Emazakhini) and respondent 7: NG- Environmental Affairs had a good understanding of the role of flood mitigation functions in EI and a relatively strong cultural understanding of EI in managing disasters and environmental change.
However, it is important to protect the already declining knowledge (and cosmology) of Zulu communities.
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Introduction
- Absence of flood risks information in remote areas and the consequent implications
- History of poor (or Lack) of Planning in remote areas
It is accepted by the municipal officials that the rural community is at risk of disasters due to poor planning (i.e. no schemes) guiding their land use activities leading to disrespect of the environmentally sensitive areas. The improvement of the department of the traditional authorities could be in the form of development of a common framework to handle the land allocation processes in the areas outside the urban areas [former homelands], especially those under traditional authority and the Ingonyama Trust. Besides the flood mitigation function of the relevant EI, there are many other benefits that EI brings to the people to contribute to their economic, social, cultural and other benefits.
Similarly, this also applies to stakeholder perceptions of the ecosystem services of the Klip River at the site (town of Ladysmith) and neighboring areas.
Implication of using EI for environmental management and spatial planning
However, untreated urban vegetation along the river can be perceived as a cause of urban insecurity, resulting in greater vulnerability to snakes, breaking storm water pipes, causing leaks in the dam infrastructure, providing a hiding place for criminals and snakes, and providing a suitable site for waste disposal. or pollutants. Given the perceived threats posed by poor ecosystem services in Ladysmith, the following solutions are proposed; environmental officers responsible for the enforcement of environmental by-laws for a municipality, river watch community or civic group may be established to protect and report illegal dumping to the authorities. 123 | Page Due to urban development in floodplains, the undermining of natural flood mitigation features has made urban areas increasingly vulnerable to surface runoff and thereby increasing the likelihood of flood damage (Gómez-Baggethun and Barton, 2013, and TEEB, 2011).
All disaster risk management plans must explicitly prioritize the core principles of disaster prevention18 and other mitigation measures as required by the NDMA and the ELLM Disaster Management Plan Review. UNEP (2007, cited in Walters 2012:17) further states that "investing in ecosystems and integrating disaster risk reduction and ecosystem management into development planning not only provides protection against natural disasters, but can also significantly contribute to achieving sustainable livelihoods for the poor" .
Recommendations
In IDP, it is a requirement that both environmental and disaster sections be included in the development plan of municipalities (RSA, 2000b). Until recently, there is a comprehensive disaster response plan (See Appendix E2), but it is argued that it will not respond in time to remote communities. It is even worse when it rains because the roads would be filled with mud making it impossible for emergency vehicles to enter (ie Emahakini access road consisting of gravel and lack of water pipes).
With scenario planning (Figure 6.1) it is possible to foresee and prepare different plans to deal with multiple futures in the event of an unusual event (DWAF, 1998).
Conclusion
A pilot study of the role of wetlands and land use in flood mitigation in the Ladysmith catchment above Ladysmith. An investment plan for securing ecological infrastructure to improve water security in the uMngeni River catchment area. Based on your experience, observations and opinion; what do you think is the most vulnerable area to floods in the Emnambithi/Ladysmith municipality.
In your opinion, what do you think is the cause of flooding or excessive rain in Emnambithi/Ladysmith municipality.
