Hāunga anō te horopaki, arā atu anō ngā wāhanga o te ao Māori e whakaata nei i ngā momo mātāpono o te angitu.
Ko te marae.
I ngā wā o uki, ka ora, ka hinga rānei te mana o te whānau, o te hapū, o te iwi i te
whakatinanahia (i te korenga rānei i whakatinanahia) o ngā tikanga, o te kounga rānei o ērā mahi. Tā Awatere rāua ko Dewes, “Ko te marae te tūrangawaewae o te iwi. Kei
konei te tohu rangatira o te iwi, rangatira mana, rangatira hinengaro, rangatira manāki, rangatira i ngā ohāki a ngā tīpuna.” (i roto i tā P. Rewi, 2005, p. 65) Ki te kore ngā karanga, ngā whaikōrero rānei e eke, ki te kore rānei e tika te manaakitia o ngā manuhiri, ki te pau ngā kai, ki te kore e horahia ngā tēpū i te haupā ranea, ahakoa i hē ai i te takitahi, i te tokomaha rānei, kāore tonu i roa kua pā te rongo ki ngā hapū, ki ngā iwi huri noa, mea rawa ake kua heke te mana o tērā hapū, o tērā iwi. Nā whai anō te kōrero, ‘…mā te manaaki…te mana’ (Kāretu, Milroy & Ka‘ai-Mahuta, 2013, p. 22).
Karawhiua ana e te wahine tana reo karanga, ko te mauri o tōna marae, o tōna whānau, o tōna hapū tērā e manaakitia ana e ia. Waihoki, ko te tāne tū ki te kōrero hei māngai,
hei kaipupuru mana, hei kaiwhiri i ngā taura here tangata. I te korenga o ngā mahi rā i eke, ko te whānau, ko te hapū, ko te iwi tērā ka kōrerotia, ka whakakohatia. Tā Rewi, “Ki te kore e tika te whaikōrero a te tangata whenua ki te manuhiri, kāore te manuhiri rā i te āta manaakitia” (p. 96-97). Waihoki, tā Temara (2013), nōna e matapaki ana i te āhua o te whaikōrero,
Ko te mana o tō iwi, ko te mana o tō hapū, ko te mana o tō marae kei runga i te kaha o tō paepae ki te whakatakoto i te kōrero, ki te whakatakoto i ngā whakaaro o te hapū ki ngā iwi e whakaeke ana ki runga i tō marae. Ki te kore tērā, ki te kore te karanga, ki te kore te whaikōrero, mate ake nei te mana o tō iwi, takatakahia ake nei koutou e ngā iwi kei te kaha tonu (p. 62).
Mohoa noa nei, he rite tonu ngā whakaaro heoi, kāore pea i pērā rawa te kaha whakaūhia. E angiangi ana ngā pae, e mimiti ana ngā puna karanga i ngā marae maha o te motu. Tērā te kōrero, ko te marae tētahi o ngā pā tūwatawata whakamutunga e rangona tonutia ana, e kitea tonutia ana te whakatinanatanga o ngā tikanga o uki; he kaha kē nō te waipukehia, nō te turakinahia rānei o ngā pakitara o takiwā kē atu e te
Uru. Ko te pakirehua ia, ki te tukuna kia pērātia ō tātou marae, ka pēhēatia te Māori? Ina whakarērea e tātou ō tātou marae, ā tātou tikanga, heoi ka tutuki tonu i a tātou ngā tohu mātauranga pēnei i te tohu kairangi, ka kīia tonutia rānei kua angitu?
Kia tīkina ake i konei ngā kupu a tērā o ngā manutaki o te KKM, a Tākuta Pita Sharples hei whakaū i ngā whakaaro i runga ake nei;
Ko te angitu, no te ao Maori tera tikanga. Ka whakatata te manuhiri ki te marae, me tika, me kaha, me marama te pa o te karanga. E kore e pai te pai noa iho. Ka tu te kaikorero i te paepae, e kore e tika te korero noa. Me whakapau kaha te katoa kia eke ki te taumata – he mana kei reira. Pera ano te hakari – me hora nga kai whakawai i te karu, whakawai i te korokoro. E kore e reka nga toenga. Huri rawa ake ki te whakaako tamariki, me eke ki nga taumata. Me puawai te pai o ia tamaiti, o ia tamaiti...No te mana Maori, te reo Maori me nga tikanga Maori te angitu Maori (2010a, p. 1).
Ngā tohu o te rangatira.
He rite tonu te karawhiua o te kōrero e tātou te Māori, ‘Ko ngā tamariki ngā rangatira mō āpōpō’. Ko te pātai ia, ‘He aha rānei te rangatira?’ Ka mutu, ‘He pānga rānei ōna ki te angitu?’ Mokori anō kia paku tirohia ngā kōrero mō te rangatira i tēnei wāhanga nei.
Kei te āhua tonu o te ao Māori o uki, noho tōpū ai ngā whānau, ngā hapū, ngā iwi ki ōna
mārama te whakaritea o ngā momo tūranga, whakapapa mai, pūkenga atu, o ngā momo mahi rānei hei pīkau mā tēnā, me tēnā e tau ai te noho, e ora ai te iwi. Ka mutu ko Ariki, ko Rangatira, ko Tohunga a runga (Katene, 2010). Nā whai anō ka paku tirohia i konei te āhua o te rangatira, inā hoki, he hāngaitanga ōna, otirā, o ōna pūmanawa ki te angitu Māori; me kī ake, he momo te rangatira.
Tā Katene (2010), ko ngā rangatira, ngā ariki, me ngā tohunga ngā kaiārahi i ngā hapori Māori o whakapata. Ka mutu, tā rātou he aro ki te tōrangapū, ki te ao wairua, otirā, ki ngā momo pūkenga.
Rangatira were the political leaders within traditional Māori society. Chieftainship was regarded as a birthright, and the measure of chieftainship was the sum total of chiefly genealogical ties, but also included other cultural criteria such as kinship relationships, alliances with other tribes, knowledge in specialist areas and possessing spiritual strengths, for example, mana and tapu and other personal qualities (2010, p. 4).
Ngā pūmanawa.
I āta tirohia e Katene (2010) te āhua o ngā pūmanawa o te rangatira. Hei tāna, ko ngā kōrero a Te Rangikāheke rāua tahi ko Himiona Tikitū ērā e aro nei ki ngā pūmanawa, ki ngā pūkenga o te rangatira Māori o uki. Otirā, tā Mead (2006) he whakahāngai i ā rāua tāpaetanga ki te āhua o te rangatira o ēnei rā (i roto i tā Katene, 2010). Me te aha, kei raro iho nei ngā pūmanawa i kōrerohia e te tokotoru rā17;
17 He mea whakarite te mahere nei i runga i ā Katene (2010) matapakinga. Nā te kairangahau tonu nei ngā pūmanawa i puta i a Mead i whakamāori.
Mahere 10
Ngā pūmanawa o te rangatira – he whakatairitehanga
TE RANGIKĀHEKE HIMIONA TIKITŪ MEAD
He toa Kōrero taua Mahi kai Tangihanga Pupuri pahi Kōrero rūnanga Kōrero manuhiri Atawhai pahi, iti, rahi
He kaha ki te mahi kai He kaha ki te whakahaere i ngā raruraru He toa He kaha ki te whakahaere i te riri He mōhio ki te whakairo He atawhai tangata He mōhio ki te hanga
whare rimu, waka rānei He mōhio ki ngā rohe
whenua
Whakatau pūehu e kotahi tonu ai te noho.
Me aro ki te katoa e whai hua ai rātou
He ngākau titikaha ki te mana o te hapū/iwi Kōkiri whakamua i te iwi
e pakari ake ai ngā rawa, me tōna mana. He tirohanga whānui Ka whakaaro nui ki te manaakitanga Ka kōkiri, ka whakatutuki i ngā kaupapa nui whakaharahara. E mārama ana ki ngā tikanga, ki ngā mātauranga, me te ahurea o tana iwi, me te hapori whānui.
Te hāngaitanga ki te angitu.
Ahakoa ko te whakapapa tētahi o ngā tūāhua matua e kīia ai tētahi he rangatira, ko tā ngā rārangi i runga nei e whakaatu ana, arā tonu ngā momo paearu e titia ana ki te ao Māori hei whakatutuki, hei whai, hei ārahi hoki e rangatira ai ngā mahi. Ka mutu, e kitea atu ana te huhua o ngā aronga me ngā haepapa o te rangatira e ora ai tana iwi. Ka whakaarohia ana te angitu, ko aua tūāhua tonu rā.
Ahakoa kua rerekē te noho a te Māori i ēnei wā nei, ā, kua kore rerekē te whakaritea o ngā hapori tērā i te wā i a Whātua mā, e kitea tonutia ana ngā pānga mai o ngā pūmanawa o te rangatira ki te angitu Māori, mohoa noa nei; ko te mārama o te tangata ki te ahurea Māori, ko te mōhio ki te reo me ngā tikanga Māori, ko te pakari o te kawea o ngā mahi e titia ana ki te ao Māori, ko tana aro ki te hapū, ki ngā iwi, otirā, ko ana pūkenga hāpai i a rātou ki ngā taumata o Ora. Mā te aha hoki i ngā pūmanawa nei hei whai mā ngāi Māori o ēnei raro.
Hei whakarāpopoto
Kua roa nei tā te ao taketake hīkoi i te ara o whai mātauranga e arotakehia ana, e
wetewetehia ana, e kōrerohia ana e tai nunui, e tai roroa. Kura kōhungahunga mai, kura tuatahi mai, kura tuarua mai, whare wānanga mai kua rangona whānuitia te korenga o ngāi taketake i eke ki ngā taumata mātauranga. Heoi anō, kua huri te tai. Kua tahuri te
aro ināianei ki te angitu, ki te hunga angitu, otirā, ki te āhua o te angitu e ai ki tā tēnā, me tēnā iwi i kite ai.
Kua roa nei ngā māka whakamātautau, ngā paearu pānui, tuhituhi, tae atu ki ngā momo tohu mātauranga pēnei i Te Tohu Mātauranga ā-Motu e noho ana ki te aroākapa o te angitu mātauranga. Ka kōrerohia ana te angitu Māori, ka riro ko ērā paearu tonu hei
whakaata i a ia. Heoi anō, e mārama ana te kitea he wāhi nui anō hoki tō te ao Māori ki te angitutanga o ngā ākonga Māori i ngā kura. Me te aha, kua kaha nanaiore atu te ao mātauranga ki ngā mātāpono o te ao Māori e eke ai ngā ākonga Māori ki ngā taumata; ko te whanaungatanga, ko te manaaki, ko ngā tikanga, te reo me te mātauranga Māori hei tuarā mō ngā mahi. Engari, hāunga anō te toro atu a te tini o te kaupapa ki te ao Māori hei hāpai i te angitutanga, ko te momo angitu e whāia ana e titia tonutia ana ki ngā pūnaha, otirā, ki te ao auraki.
Heoi anō tā ngā kōrero i tēnei wāhanga nei he whakaata i te rerekē o tā te ao taketake titiro ki te angitu tērā i tā te ao auraki. Waihoki, kua takoto ētahi whakaaro mō te tirohanga Māori ki te angitu hei kohukitanga me kore noa e kitea ōna hāngaitanga ki te
KKM. Ka mutu, ko te whānui o tā te Māori titiro ki te angitu, tērā i ngā whakamārama e kaha ana te rangona, e kaha kitea ana.
Kei pōhēhē mai te tangata e kore e kitea he paku ōritenga i waenga i ngā tūtohu a te ao
rā. Heoi anō, kei noho te ao ka whakaaro ka kapi ngā whakamārama mō te angitu i ērā tūtohu rā, otirā, me whai aua tūtohu rā e kīia ai te tangata he tangata angitu. Ko te ahurea o te tangata hei korowai mōna i āna hāereere, i āna mahi katoa. Waihoki, me noho tonu ko ngā mātāpono o te ahurea (ko te reo, ko ngā tikanga, ko ngā whakapono, ko te iwi, ko te hapori, ko te whānau) hei tūāpapa mō te angitu, otirā, mō te āhua e
arotakehia ai te angitu.
Katoa ngā kaupapa kua tirohia i te wāhanga nei hei ārahi i te kairangahau nei. Heoi,
ahakoa tā te Māori kohuki i te āhua o te angitu Māori i roto i ngā tau, me hōhonu ake te arotake i a ia, ka tika. Ko tā te kairangahau e whai nei, kia arotakehia, kia kōrerohia, otirā kia rangona ngā hua 'katoa' o tō mātou kura, o TKKM o HWM. Ko ēnei mahi nei hei tāpiri atu ki ērā kua kōrerohia i runga, hei rau atu hoki ki te pātaka kōrero mō te angitu Māori, otirā, mō te angitu KKM.
Kāore pea i tua atu i ngā kupu whakahau a te rangatira, a Tā Āpirana Ngata, i te iwi Māori hei whakaata i te wairua Māori o te angitu. Ahakoa te ngāwari, ahakoa nō mai anō ngā kōrero nei, ka tīkina ake i konei ā Ngata kupu hei here i tēnei wāhanga,
E tipu, e rea, mō ngā rā o tōu ao; ko tō ringa ki ngā rākau a te Pākehā hei ora mō te tinana, ko tō ngākau ki ngā taonga a ō tīpuna Māori hei tikitiki
mō tō māhunga, ā, ko tō wairua ki tō Atua, nāna nei ngā mea katoa (Ka‘ai-Mahuta, 2013, p. 284).