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THE CONFLICT BETWEEN THE DKI JAKARTA REGIONAL
2nd ICSTCSD 2018 Proceeding Magelang, 16 – 17 November 2018
101 Indonesia PDIP as the party winning the 2014
election, want to fill the position of Jakarta administration again, to maintain the acquisition of votes even more for the 2019 election.
Keywords: Basuki Tjahaya Purnama; DKI Jakarta Election 2017; PDI Perjuangan.
1. INTRODUCTION
Election (Election) is one means of democracy. Party of democracy which is the embodiment of the order of life of the state and the people who have the sovereignty of the people, the government from and for the people.
Regional head elections (Pilkada) were directly held in the country for the first time in 2005, this direct local election provided a broad opportunity for voters to make their choices according to the wishes and consciences of each in the area. The implementation of regional elections is regulated in the Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 12 of 2008 concerning Regional Government. In it it was explained that in order to realize the mandate of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia, the implementation of regional governance was directed to be able to produce effective regional leadership by taking into account the principles of democracy, equality, justice and legal certainty in the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia; to realize democratic regional leadership that pays attention to the principle of equality and justice, the holding of elections for regional government heads provides equal opportunities to every citizen who meets the requirements.
In determining a figure who will be no-minated in participating in a regional election, political parties (political parties) must carry out the process democratically in accordance with the internal regulations of the party. Political parties are one of the 'vehicles' for an individual to seize political office at both the executive and legislative levels. Related to this, the process of determining the candidates to be carried by
political parties and their political attitudes in the regional elections took place long enough and conditions with the political interests of many groups or coalitions. The tug of interest in the internal political parties to determine who will be nominated and the coalition to be formed will become one of the things that usually happens before the elections are held. The decision of political parties to carry out a candidate or pair is not separated from the figure of high-ranking officials or elites from the party as well as political deals with other parties and other factors that accompany them.
The DKI Jakarta regional election in 2017 is quite different from other regional elections in many regions. With the presence of candidates carried out by political parties instead of cadres from the party and the status of DKI Jakarta as the capital city and having heterogeneous commu-nities make the DKI Jakarta Pilkada a concern for the people of Indonesia not only in the real world, cyberspace is also busy discussing. For major national political parties, the DKI Jakarta regional election is certainly a target that must be won, especially for the party that won the previous election. The Jakarta Election in 2017 is also used by political parties as a 'warming up' event ahead of the 2019 General Election. Therefore, the nomination of Basuki Tjahaya Purnama (Ahok) as a candidate for Governor by PDI Perjuangan certainly also has many goals and interests especially for coalition political parties support the government.
There are many interesting things that happened in the second regional election in DKI Jakarta since the mandate in the law on Direct Regional Head Election emerged, DKI Jakarta is the most important and very vital region for Indonesia, which makes political parties compete to propose governor candidates who will lead Jakarta in the next five years. For the DKI Jakarta Pilkada, the political process within PDI Per-juangan is very interesting to see because many interests are present towards the determination of
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PDI-P's political decisions. All party leaders must want to be involved and have their own interests, including Megawati and other elites in the DKI Jakarta DPP and DPD.
The political process in PDI Perjuangan in determining the governor (Cagub) candidates in particular and during the DKI Election in general for the DKI Jakarta Pilkada raises a political dynamic or political contestation. The political contestation that occurred was the result of the debates of the emerging interests, the contestation between the DKI Jakarta DPD and the PDI-P DPP arose because each had a different viewpoint regarding which candidate to carry. Which in the end the best will certainly be placed to win the election even though it is against the wishes of some elites regarding the candidates carried.
2. METHODS
Research that will done by the author in discussion this will use method qualitative, for search informants master problem in a manner deep very required by the author. Theory only used as framework think for understand pheno-menon and as guide for collect data (Ritchie, 2004). Data collection techniques are carried out with two way, that is Interview deep informants selected purposively, and do studies literature, specifically in assessment theory used. Type research that will used in research this is research exploratory, or dig in a manner deep phenomenon that will studied (Bogdan, 1993). Type research this selected because basically research this want explain and describe How dynamics politics that occurred in PDI Perjuangan in order determine in Election DKI Jakarta Governor 2017. Method Data Collection Research this will do with the introduction of primary and secondary data.
primer data, i.e. data obtained directly through interview (interview). Secondary data own used in research this i.e. data obtained in a manner not directly as documents or appropriate literature with mean from research.
Data Collection Techniques Data collection techniques used researcher is Interview deep (In-depth Interview) and studies literature (Mulyana, 2003). Interview is form communication lead turn back or two direction between people who intend obtain information and people who have infor-mation with file questions based on aim certain.
Informants who were targeted by researchers for look the dynamics that occur in the internal PDI Perjuangan is some At that time the Executive Board of the PDI- P DPP and the management of the PDI Perjuangan DKI Jakarta in DKI Jakarta and the figures who resigned from PDI Per-juangan . For balancing information, the author is also looking for information from some media (print or related electronics) with discussion.
Elite Conflict Theory Elite conflict is used to explain elite behavior phenomena. The elite conflict theory is to explain the behavior of the formal elite, namely occupying positions in government, or informal elites, elite who do not occupy positions in government such as party elites. Watered by the process of taking political decisions in the country or in an organization sometimes elite conflicts occur. Political conflict according to Rauf (2001), caused by the existence of limited resources and position ( resources and postion scarcity). The higher the level of absurdity of the resources needed for life, the greater the likelihood of political conflict. Political autho-rities can fulfill their interests through the political policies they make. Because those who determine policy, there are opportunities for the political leaders they make. Political policy can also be made to ensure the fulfillment of the interests of the political ruler. There is a huge temptation for the authorities to utilize their political power to enrich themselves, their families and their ranks.
Thus, if a person becomes a political ruler, it will be easy to regulate the limited resources for his interests. However, to regulate things, political authorities usually use their groups to smooth out their plans. In his efforts it actually caused political conflict. Maswasdi Rauf stated that what
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conflicts is the nature of political conflict which is always a group conflict. That what is meant by group conflict is conflict that occurs between two or more groups. Groups in conflict can be referred to as conflict groups. Furthermore, it was also explained if there were conflicts between the two in politics (which seemed to be individual conflicts). The conflict is actually a result of group conflict that occurs between two groups in which the people in conflict were members. To resolve non-violent or coercive eating conflicts, consensus is carried out. Consensus can be established if an agreement has been reached by an individual or party in conflict. The basic principle in consensus is the opening of the possibility within each party that conflicts to make changes to the opinions it adheres to by being willing to accept parts of the opinions of others who are the antagonists in the conflict. This means that the most important requirement for achieving consensus is bargaining ( bergaining) , which means the willingness of all parties involved in the conflict to reduce their own demands and accept certain parts of the other party. Political consensus can be taken with general elections and voting. Elections are the most democratic way with the people / society as a determinant of results that are achieved more peacefully. Whereas the political consensus through deliberation will result in a conflict between parties involved in the conflict.
Voting (voting) is a way to determine the number of votes that support opinions with the aim of knowing which opinions are supported by votes as much as will be made joint decisions.
Based on the above theoretical framework, the Election of Regional Head of DKI Jakarta has caused or encouraged conflict in PDI Perjuangan, especially between the elite of the PDI Perjuangan DPP and DKI Jakarta DPP. Conflicts throughout this Regional Head Election performances occur for several reasons including the limited cadres (resources) to be nominated, disagreement with
the volunteer who carried up to the release of the PDI-P cadres.
Political Recruitment Nomination process head area is peak from the recruitment process cadre party political corresponding with mecha-nism that exists and becomes rules at each party political for follow something Regional election.
The recruitment process is carried out party political aiming for distribute cadres the best every time positions strategic public in the executive, either President, Governor, Regent, and Mayor, and in the legislature. According to Althoff, what is called with the recruitment process is a system of law (legal system) combined with system election in system party for determine a candidate for something containing election various rules and procedures in regulations (Rush, 1993). With existence various kind of procedure, recruitment political do for obtain candidate leader with good capacity, including for a candidate for election head area.
Other figures such as Peter M. Siavelis and Scott Morgenstern see recruitment political as a process for interesting candidates political for compete (Siavelis and Scott, 2008). With understanding this, recruitment politics can be said a means for interesting members new a party political or for occupy something position politics. The goal is to continue happen cadre in body administrator party and expansion ideology, so party that is not to lose its existence. the candidates or members that is then will compete for can convincing administrators party that they are worthy for advanced in the political process later on. Then Ramelan Surbekti (1992) also saw that re-cruitment political is selection / election and appointment someone or group of people to doing a number of role party in system politics in general and government in particular. Recruitment political is portions were very important for continuity system politics, cause without existence elite capable doing its role, continuity living political system will threatened (Siavelis and Scott, 2008) . In do recruitment politics, other
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figures such as Gabriel Almond see that at least there are two models happens, that is Style-based Ascriptive factor relationship blood or offspring, closeness, and the social status and Achievement Oriented more emphasize to expertise technical and leadership (Almond, 1984) . In pattern the, which becomes problem certain about quality and expertise from individual that is . Loyalty someone to the party also became one consideration alone for party political for do recruitment. Gabriel Almond also believes that process of recruitment is chance for selecting individuals who will on duty for lead they in something position certain. Jack C. Plano argues that process of recruitment as the process of selecting people to fill role in system social, whereas recruitment political show on charging formal and legal positions as well no formal role (Almond, 1978). In connection with that, Almond and Powel said that party political do selection towards talented people or the elect for fill positions political certain and then motivate they for work in framework interests and demands party politics is concerned. Miriam Budiardjo say the same thing with Almond and Powel that party political function for find and invite talented people for take part Active also in activities politics. Miriam Budiardjo also mention that recruitment party political function for two thing, that is internal functions and function external (Budiardjo, 1998) . Internal function is for keep existence party with continue do rotation mana-gement in a manner periodically, so ideas and thoughts emerge new in body administrator. Then function External function for fill positions governance - in democracy representative - originating from parties‘ political well in the legislative and executive, example in fact is insti-tution the legislature (DPR) is certain originated from party politics. According to Althoff and Rush, he arrived two way in implementation recruitment politics, that is in a manner open Where all people without exception have equal opportunity for recruited with requirements
certain and recruitment in a manner closed or limited that is composed from some individual who can recruited for occupy position political or government. Recruitment in a manner closed only could owned by individuals who have proximity personally with ruler or leader political for then could occupy position politics. Recruitment political in something election head area could interpreted a selection process conducted by the party political with guided by regulations basic adopted by each party political for find candidate for could occupy position politics, governors, regents, and so on. Recruitment process political in the party political when this, for determine candidates who will carried by the party politics, involving role from cadres or society. this certain indicate that process of democracy start built In relation with Election, function recruitment political is function most important, p this caused because in recruitment, party on duty for prepare individuals to sit inside executor if or legislature.
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The results of this study indicate that there has been internal political dynamics caused by Basuki Tjahaya Purnama, especially the DPD of DKI which wants cadres who become candidates to contest in the election of DKI Jakarta, outside of Basuki hard character and assume political parties always talk about 'dowry '. Differences in politics also occur in the internal politics of PDIP between the DPP and DPD DKI, DPP elites have the proximity and political calculation which is the reason to provide support to Basuki. Factors that lends praise to the existence of PDIP, because there is no PDIP cadres that have electability level equals to Basuki, so PDIP carried Basuki as a means to maintain the existence of the PDIP.
Another factor to fill the position of governmental positions, especially in DKI which is the capital of Indonesia PDIP as the party winning the 2014 election, want to fill the position of Jakarta administration again, to maintain the acquisition of votes even more for the 2019 election.
2nd ICSTCSD 2018 Proceeding Magelang, 16 – 17 November 2018
105 Writer made two categories first is internal
factor and external that made the conflict is exist.
And there are two sides, one for they support Basuki and other one for the do not want to Basuki to got recomendation party. They who support Basuki, basically see from electability, programs that Basuki offers, also what Basuki did for Jakarta previous period. They who dont want Basuki be candidate thinks that Basuki is failed be governoor, like have bad commucation with legislative, corruption and so on. Thoose findings macth with the thoeries about conflict elites and also recrutment politics.
4. CONCLUSSION
Differences in political aspirations are common in politics, even in an ideology-based party. so too what happened to the internal PDIP.
we talk about group interests even though in one party agency, in accordance with elite conflict theory from Maswadi Rauf, where there will be interests that will always go hand in hand with the resistance of the interests of other groups.
Achievement Oriented according to Almond in line with the reason the DPP chose Basuki even though there might be an Ascrieptive Style factor where Basuki had closeness to the Party.
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