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Universitas Sumatera Utara
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Universitas Sumatera Utara
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Universitas Sumatera Utara
[45]. Kennedy, C. E., (2002), Review of Mid- to High-Temperature Solar Selective Absorber Materials, Technical Report, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy, Task No. CP02.2000, July (2002) p. 166 – 190.
Lampiran 1 Temperatur Air Pengujian Hari pertama I
2:31:00 PM 185.6 64.31 70.10 68.77 66.52
2:41:00 PM 494.4 65.62 70.25 69.32 66.78
2:51:00 PM 478.1 65.35 69.85 68.92 66.43
3:01:00 PM 500.6 65.22 69.67 68.86 66.59
3:11:00 PM 466.9 63.38 68.18 67.49 64.95
3:21:00 PM 164.4 60.41 65.65 64.19 61.14
Lampiran 2 Temperatur Air Pengujian Hari ke 2
2:31:00 PM 475.6 64.31 62.09 64.31 61.40
2:41:00 PM 138.1 65.21 62.58 64.83 62.26
2:51:00 PM 499.4 67.26 64.24 67.65 64.01
3:01:00 PM 391.9 65.61 63.40 65.60 62.21
3:11:00 PM 158.1 62.88 61.32 62.84 59.24
3:21:00 PM 154.4 59.89 59.23 59.57 55.71
3:31:00 PM 68.1 56.42 56.16 56.16 52.66
Lampiran 3 Temperatur Air Pengujian Hari ke 7
Time Radiasi (w/m2)
Temperatur Air ( C )
Kolektor I Kolektor II Kolektor III Kolektor IV
9:12:00 AM 353.1 35.46 33.98 36.57 35.30
2:42:00 PM 438.1 61.53 60.37 63.56 59.93
2:52:00 PM 243.1 61.66 60.58 63.36 59.93
3:02:00 PM 393.1 63.07 61.96 65.52 61.30
3:12:00 PM 441.9 63.10 62.14 65.48 61.30
3:22:00 PM 253.1 62.86 61.98 65.23 61.01
3:32:00 PM 273.1 61.46 60.77 63.23 59.72
3:42:00 PM 284.4 59.79 59.52 61.12 58.15
3:52:00 PM 166.9 58.17 58.09 59.59 56.89
4:02:00 PM 169.4 56.88 56.64 57.94 55.55
Lampiran 4
Data Pengujian Hari 1 Kolektor I dan Kolektor II
Cat Tipe I (Kolektor I) Cat Tipe II (Kolektor II) Air
64.65 49.86 96.08 78.08 75.64 70.67 96.86 81.26 57.65 84.26
Data Pengujian Hari 1 Kolektor III dan Kolektor IV
Cat Tipe III (Kolektor III) Cat Tipe IV (Kolektor IV) air (3)
65.62 51.04 39.71 70.73 77.34 63.82 37.27 51.22 80.47 70.91
Data Pengujian Hari ke 2 Kolektor I dan Kolektor II
Cat Tipe I Cat Tipe II
68.44 53.16 85.40 67.21 68.82 65.82 68.71 65.83 56.34 83.40
Data Pengujian Hari II Kolektor III dan Kolektor IV
Cat Tipe III Cat Tipe IV
48.78 52.76 49.18 42.51 39.43 47.38 50.50 51.80 41.55 39.67
Data Pengujian Hari III Kolektor I dan Kolektor II
Data Pengujian Hari III Kolektor III dan Kolektor IV
Data Pengujian Hari IV Kolektor I dan Kolektor II
Data Pengujian Hari IV Kolektor III dan Kolektor IV
Data Pengujian Hari V Kolektor I dan Kolektor II
59.54 65.64 61.22 59.94 47.24 61.31 47.67 57.94 58.41 66.77
Data Pengujian Hari V Kolektor III dan Kolektor IV
Cat Tipe III Cat Tipe IV
69.68 52.30 41.68 73.42 65.89 62.98 -11.50 40.76 49.71 65.22 67.37 52.36 43.36 75.73 63.91 61.14 959.30 42.88 49.81 63.06 66.05 51.35 43.21 73.82 63.26 60.16 11.47 42.17 49.00 61.78 64.67 49.93 42.76 68.74 61.82 59.07 147.11 40.91 47.78 60.10 63.37 48.13 40.96 67.40 60.43 57.81 -63.87 39.46 46.46 58.53 62.82 47.74 41.50 68.66 60.36 57.41 62.66 40.16 46.58 58.17 62.06 48.90 42.16 72.69 59.92 57.16 688.66 39.80 47.66 58.82 67.47 52.77 45.11 86.81 66.75 61.77 212.11 43.46 51.46 65.93
70.87 54.02 43.60 90.67 70.21 64.34 42.16 52.35 69.45
70.58 52.57 43.21 78.82 69.28 64.31 224.09 41.38 50.31 67.36 66.71 49.60 42.13 70.77 63.86 61.12 175.63 39.86 47.82 62.57 69.59 53.93 44.88 92.80 72.71 64.27 85.15 42.39 53.33 70.40 72.77 55.23 46.30 93.26 77.86 66.94 77.80 45.85 53.62 73.30 72.07 56.95 47.75 96.04 78.30 66.10 78.26 44.20 55.13 73.84 69.91 52.09 43.83 76.63 69.18 64.33 66.46 40.95 49.99 67.94 65.95 50.82 42.85 69.98 63.77 60.73 61.70 40.64 48.61 62.48 62.92 48.64 41.95 65.31 59.96 57.97 58.48 39.99 47.07 58.61 60.96 46.23 40.53 63.87 58.29 56.12 57.10 37.89 45.30 56.36 59.55 46.23 41.00 69.39 62.44 55.19 59.81 37.66 45.33 56.44 63.66 50.26 42.08 83.31 77.08 58.45 67.92 40.58 49.37 64.33 67.44 51.69 44.67 84.95 80.25 61.38 70.70 43.22 50.22 68.21 65.83 49.83 43.22 73.30 67.34 60.66 63.60 40.84 48.48 64.24 64.81 49.29 42.83 72.60 68.11 59.69 62.65 39.75 48.17 63.28 66.32 50.56 44.22 78.57 75.80 60.94 66.68 42.57 49.16 66.16 66.05 52.69 43.33 83.11 80.77 60.85 68.15 42.47 51.52 67.79 65.88 50.25 43.29 73.35 69.20 60.52 63.38 41.25 48.50 64.95 65.06 52.00 44.06 79.69 80.39 59.88 65.71 42.57 50.83 66.68 65.39 51.32 43.82 79.05 81.59 60.35 65.73 41.42 49.84 68.31 64.72 51.10 43.38 78.00 80.06 59.81 64.99 41.25 49.68 66.89 64.15 49.41 42.57 74.42 75.24 59.14 63.42 40.28 47.87 65.20 63.03 50.47 43.87 74.43 78.24 57.93 62.84 41.37 49.18 65.14 62.58 50.28 42.92 73.32 77.27 56.57 59.91 41.97 48.95 63.44
Data Pengujian Hari VI Kolektor I dan Kolektor II
Data Pengujian Hari VI Kolektor III dan Kolektor IV
Data Pengujian Hari VII Kolektor I dan Kolektor II
59.76 49.97 75.02 65.71 65.85 58.80 49.82 59.56 64.54 80.73
Data Pengujian Hari VII Kolektor III dan Kolektor IV
Cat
68.38 53.82 45.70 86.52 69.96 65.38 86.92 42.66 54.84 68.67 68.11 52.17 45.00 73.81 67.70 65.07 69.88 42.39 52.90 66.32 67.32 54.45 45.48 82.76 68.47 64.27 82.18 43.17 54.58 67.42 66.51 51.94 43.84 70.57 65.65 63.40 66.66 41.45 52.40 64.38 63.56 49.55 40.65 65.95 62.19 61.13 62.49 37.63 50.12 61.22 61.15 48.92 43.06 62.55 59.40 59.21 59.93 40.52 49.32 58.39 59.37 46.69 41.48 60.05 57.40 57.49 58.15 38.77 47.45 56.40 57.94 46.25 42.35 58.58 55.60 56.21 56.78 39.72 46.90 54.91 56.75 45.08 40.87 57.81 54.70 55.12 56.35 38.58 46.12 53.96 56.31 44.38 40.13 57.65 54.13 54.39 56.66 37.11 44.76 53.24 57.73 46.27 41.95 68.67 58.18 55.93 69.66 39.18 46.89 57.35 58.53 46.21 42.60 62.98 57.80 56.18 62.18 40.17 46.39 56.76 61.05 49.16 43.07 73.71 62.69 58.21 71.94 40.71 49.40 61.41 63.56 49.61 43.62 75.74 65.71 59.93 72.74 40.62 49.59 63.93 63.36 50.12 43.20 75.35 65.13 59.93 72.82 40.34 49.95 63.60 65.52 51.76 44.65 80.70 68.53 61.30 76.81 41.95 51.25 66.78 65.48 49.61 43.06 74.50 66.99 61.30 69.55 39.89 49.07 65.24 65.23 49.87 42.26 74.16 66.38 61.01 69.69 39.28 49.60 64.61 63.23 48.45 41.93 70.45 63.65 59.72 66.84 38.14 47.61 61.86 61.12 46.42 40.87 63.83 59.89 58.15 60.35 37.23 45.53 58.22 59.59 45.77 40.67 64.32 58.33 56.89 61.46 37.32 45.22 56.82 57.94 44.13 39.65 59.90 55.79 55.55 56.93 36.33 43.98 54.33
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Lampiran 6
Perhitungan Q use dan Q loss Hari Pertama Kolektor I (Cat Tipe I)
Time Radiasi 10:05:00 AM 568.1 62.34 34.2146139 224.61175 10:15:00 AM 564.4 64.53 37.9895944 219.15105 10:25:00 AM 608.1 66.38 50.7417721 226.30859 10:35:00 AM 621.9 67.77 55.9312615 227.40638 10:45:00 AM 263.1 68.15 51.3963405 68.47202 10:55:00 AM 659.4 68.44 56.9194737 243.50317 11:05:00 AM 673.1 68.48 64.1704966 242.49386 11:15:00 AM 673.1 70.22 65.9659861 240.69837 11:25:00 AM 274.4 69.06 47.6808367 77.335803 11:35:00 AM 271.9 68.77 50.7568321 73.120808 11:45:00 AM 636.9 67.91 55.821759 234.34988 11:55:00 AM 415.6 66.19 39.4942011 149.85316 12:05:00 PM 281.9 64.64 44.0924931 84.341147 12:15:00 PM 294.4 63.61 55.7533235 78.375316 12:25:00 PM 623.1 61.70 36.8902638 246.9941 12:35:00 PM 298.1 64.51 72.6360177 63.178342 12:45:00 PM 696.9 65.87 78.1602695 239.34737 12:55:00 PM 701.9 69.03 81.7254027 238.06024 1:05:00 PM 298.1 70.72 76.989715 58.824645
2:25:00 PM 238.1 64.31 44.1714878 64.306872
Perhitungan Q in dan Q loss Hari Pertama Kolektor II (Cat Tipe II)
Time Radiasi 10:05:00 AM 568.1 59.63 29.2709452 229.55541 10:15:00 AM 564.4 61.79 30.8809987 226.25964 10:25:00 AM 608.1 63.75 41.1932798 235.85708 10:35:00 AM 621.9 65.14 46.1603166 237.17732 10:45:00 AM 263.1 65.55 42.9145757 76.953784 10:55:00 AM 659.4 65.82 49.0874167 251.33522 11:05:00 AM 673.1 66.02 57.3702323 249.29413 11:15:00 AM 673.1 67.77 59.3200563 247.3443 11:25:00 AM 274.4 66.86 38.2041613 86.812479 11:35:00 AM 271.9 66.62 41.6752243 82.202416 11:45:00 AM 636.9 65.77 46.0798324 244.09181 11:55:00 AM 415.6 64.19 32.4697331 156.87763 12:05:00 PM 281.9 62.51 36.0835367 92.350103 12:15:00 PM 294.4 61.54 47.3712455 86.757395 12:25:00 PM 623.1 59.88 31.6654005 252.21896 12:35:00 PM 298.1 62.34 63.1015173 72.712843 12:45:00 PM 696.9 63.73 67.5989962 249.90864 12:55:00 PM 701.9 67.02 68.912811 250.87283 1:05:00 PM 298.1 69.45 64.8861887 70.928171
Universitas Sumatera Utara
1:15:00 PM 701.9 71.03 77.2552349 242.53041
Perhitungan Q in dan Q loss Hari Pertama Kolektor III (Cat Tipe III Paint)
Time Radiasi 10:05:00 AM 568.1 62.68 25.9551208 232.87124 10:15:00 AM 564.4 64.50 27.8465725 229.29407 10:25:00 AM 608.1 66.12 36.8766785 240.17368 10:35:00 AM 621.9 67.46 41.7180561 241.61958 10:45:00 AM 263.1 67.60 39.7209475 80.147412 10:55:00 AM 659.4 67.86 45.3276586 255.09498 11:05:00 AM 673.1 68.18 50.2675714 256.39679 11:15:00 AM 673.1 69.91 66.9925374 239.67182 11:25:00 AM 274.4 68.89 38.6005257 86.416114 11:35:00 AM 271.9 68.73 40.7752614 83.102379 11:45:00 AM 636.9 67.88 44.3548794 245.81676 11:55:00 AM 415.6 66.14 34.1612011 155.18616
12:05:00 PM 281.9 64.21 36.8248692 91.608771 12:15:00 PM 294.4 63.50 45.5757029 88.552937 12:25:00 PM 623.1 61.62 29.7090491 254.17531 12:35:00 PM 298.1 64.95 57.5807188 78.233641 12:45:00 PM 696.9 66.74 62.4916437 255.016
Perhitungan Q in dan Q loss Hari Pertama Kolektor IV (Cat Tipe IV)
Time Radiasi 10:05:00 AM 568.1 59.72 35.5530428 223.27332 10:15:00 AM 564.4 61.37 36.7474613 220.39318 10:25:00 AM 608.1 62.68 46.4785817 230.57178 10:35:00 AM 621.9 63.94 49.9670667 233.37057 10:45:00 AM 263.1 63.99 46.9858167 72.882543
Universitas Sumatera Utara
10:55:00 AM 659.4 64.27 52.3659678 248.05667 11:05:00 AM 673.1 64.50 56.6374347 250.02693 11:15:00 AM 673.1 66.21 61.2534546 245.41091 11:25:00 AM 274.4 65.15 38.8789277 86.137712 11:35:00 AM 271.9 65.06 41.358909 82.518731 11:45:00 AM 636.9 64.26 44.7212719 245.45037 11:55:00 AM 415.6 62.29 31.6275679 157.71979 12:05:00 PM 281.9 60.92 34.8010222 93.632618 12:15:00 PM 294.4 60.49 45.7372803 88.39136 12:25:00 PM 623.1 58.55 28.539794 255.34457 12:35:00 PM 298.1 61.95 59.9025345 75.911825 12:45:00 PM 696.9 63.42 63.2589092 254.24873 12:55:00 PM 701.9 66.36 66.8636047 252.92204 1:05:00 PM 298.1 68.05 64.7303518 71.084008 1:15:00 PM 701.9 68.72 73.7327059 246.05293 1:25:00 PM 296.9 67.84 60.7577967 74.509843 1:35:00 PM 264.4 64.58 35.5978468 84.862793 1:45:00 PM 481.9 61.68 35.5788282 183.97481 1:55:00 PM 278.1 62.62 40.8257876 85.876572 2:05:00 PM 230.6 60.90 29.3505845 75.710775 2:15:00 PM 575.6 61.17 48.3358993 213.90746 2:25:00 PM 238.1 61.40 35.942695 72.535665 2:35:00 PM 599.4 62.26 48.4837433 224.6029 2:45:00 PM 491.9 64.01 48.8937279 175.21591 2:55:00 PM 258.1 62.21 31.5923941 85.997966 3:05:00 PM 254.4 59.24 27.4322528 88.472387 3:15:00 PM 168.1 55.71 18.7675165 57.818844 3:25:00 PM 168.1 52.66 15.3596388 61.226721
Lampiran 7 hasil perhitungan Q use dan Q loss hari ke 7
Perhitungan Q in dan Q loss Hari Pertama Kolektor I (Cat Tipe I)
Time Radiasi 10:02:00 AM 403.1 52.02 50.6520329 133.00033 10:12:00 AM 589.4 55.67 58.7770078 209.75363 10:22:00 AM 474.4 59.38 76.2018088 139.93483 10:32:00 AM 634.4 62.76 86.6721951 202.36044 10:42:00 AM 606.9 65.19 95.5327902 180.97085 10:52:00 AM 589.4 67.65 107.751854 160.77879 11:02:00 AM 711.9 69.43 111.640366 212.70127 11:12:00 AM 639.4 70.39 115.754696 175.55594 11:22:00 AM 648.1 70.92 113.341227 181.93313 11:32:00 AM 336.9 69.75 118.250508 35.241132 11:42:00 AM 711.9 69.39 95.2397265 229.10191 11:52:00 AM 349.4 68.93 99.2562607 59.930379 12:02:00 PM 720.6 66.88 82.5178796 245.78748 12:12:00 PM 306.9 67.05 120.705111 19.118529 12:22:00 PM 733.1 65.99 91.6542649 242.3461 12:32:00 PM 666.9 67.69 125.63765 178.20199 12:42:00 PM 709.4 67.05 89.704362 233.49828 12:52:00 PM 318.1 66.77 113.657503 31.268857 1:02:00 PM 621.9 65.50 80.9201689 202.41747
2:42:00 PM 538.1 61.53 90.8797923 154.27857
Perhitungan Q in dan Q loss Hari Pertama Kolektor II (Cat Tipe II)
Time Radiasi 10:02:00 AM 403.1 50.66 56.2477039 127.40466 10:12:00 AM 589.4 54.34 66.703553 201.82709 10:22:00 AM 474.4 58.14 88.7896629 127.34698 10:32:00 AM 634.4 61.70 96.9899232 192.04272 10:42:00 AM 606.9 64.33 106.254647 170.24899 10:52:00 AM 589.4 66.77 123.701568 144.82907 11:02:00 AM 711.9 68.57 126.499528 197.84211 11:12:00 AM 639.4 69.75 133.066909 158.24373 11:22:00 AM 648.1 70.34 123.129299 172.14506 11:32:00 AM 336.9 68.98 132.918522 20.573118 11:42:00 AM 711.9 68.69 98.1894388 226.1522 11:52:00 AM 349.4 68.26 102.899191 56.287449 12:02:00 PM 720.6 66.36 83.2205632 245.0848 12:12:00 PM 306.9 65.91 127.645585 12.178055 12:22:00 PM 733.1 64.86 95.3016211 238.69874 12:32:00 PM 666.9 66.47 134.437264 169.40238 12:42:00 PM 709.4 66.41 87.861225 235.34141 12:52:00 PM 318.1 65.69 116.929543 27.996817 1:02:00 PM 621.9 65.27 75.6290695 207.70857
1:12:00 PM 274.4 62.92 63.0853497 61.93129
Perhitungan Q in dan Q loss Hari Pertama Kolektor III (Cat Tipe III)
Time Radiasi 10:02:00 AM 403.1 54.12 43.2385322 140.41383 10:12:00 AM 589.4 57.66 49.9391215 218.59152 10:22:00 AM 474.4 61.35 61.4651134 154.67153 10:32:00 AM 634.4 64.69 70.3237054 218.70893 10:42:00 AM 606.9 67.02 80.4640818 196.03956 10:52:00 AM 589.4 69.45 93.1970853 175.33355 11:02:00 AM 711.9 71.13 97.1044085 227.23723 11:12:00 AM 639.4 71.97 102.263908 189.04673 11:22:00 AM 648.1 72.13 98.9982685 196.27609 11:32:00 AM 336.9 70.43 103.093111 50.398529
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11:42:00 AM 711.9 70.22 83.4472277 240.89441 11:52:00 AM 349.4 69.70 85.9724032 73.214237 12:02:00 PM 720.6 67.22 73.187256 255.1181 12:12:00 PM 306.9 67.24 99.9298262 39.893814 12:22:00 PM 733.1 66.29 78.4686787 255.53168 12:32:00 PM 666.9 68.38 106.380438 197.4592 12:42:00 PM 709.4 68.11 76.4884871 246.71415 12:52:00 PM 318.1 67.32 95.9772358 48.949124 1:02:00 PM 621.9 66.51 70.062334 213.27531
Perhitungan Q in dan Q loss Hari Pertama Kolektor IV (Cat Tipe IV)
Time Radiasi 10:02:00 AM 403.1 49.77 43.6879982 139.96436
10:12:00 AM 589.4 52.87 50.8610019 217.66964 10:22:00 AM 474.4 56.15 65.8888974 150.24774 10:32:00 AM 634.4 59.24 71.9954634 217.03718 10:42:00 AM 606.9 61.61 79.4224031 197.08124 10:52:00 AM 589.4 64.05 93.5258175 175.00482 11:02:00 AM 711.9 65.85 94.7393925 229.60225 11:12:00 AM 639.4 67.12 100.349993 190.96065 11:22:00 AM 648.1 67.81 92.9640018 202.31036 11:32:00 AM 336.9 66.90 100.224389 53.267251 11:42:00 AM 711.9 66.67 74.3062006 250.03544 11:52:00 AM 349.4 66.30 79.2328727 79.953767 12:02:00 PM 720.6 64.38 65.2719697 263.03339 12:12:00 PM 306.9 64.65 101.953308 37.870332 12:22:00 PM 733.1 63.64 75.0405212 258.95984 12:32:00 PM 666.9 65.38 109.009936 194.8297 12:42:00 PM 709.4 65.07 69.3271946 253.87545 12:52:00 PM 318.1 64.27 95.9686362 48.957724 1:02:00 PM 621.9 63.40 62.9045399 220.4331
Lampiran 7
Perhitungan Q use dan Q loss Hari ke dua Kolektor I (Cat Tipe I)
Time Radiasi 10:01:00 AM 409.4 49.47 43.9198551 142.60278 10:11:00 AM 438.1 51.99 49.475646 150.12271 10:21:00 AM 316.9 53.55 46.5613064 97.818334 10:31:00 AM 614.4 55.09 56.6363958 223.28424 10:41:00 AM 636.9 58.21 71.5420552 218.62958 10:51:00 AM 460.6 59.57 69.0728645 140.7765 11:01:00 AM 385.6 60.02 63.3265955 112.35276 11:11:00 AM 409.4 60.06 61.4539359 125.0687 11:21:00 AM 743.1 61.41 92.4165248 246.13984 11:31:00 AM 766.9 63.53 100.783735 248.6159 11:41:00 AM 754.4 65.20 105.22419 238.48045 11:51:00 AM 539.4 65.61 87.4473296 158.30331 12:01:00 PM 539.4 65.50 104.924049 140.82659 12:11:00 PM 463.1 65.89 89.704607 121.28375 12:21:00 PM 449.4 62.78 81.8658977 122.88074 12:31:00 PM 564.4 63.60 96.7544236 160.38622 12:41:00 PM 564.4 62.94 95.7958559 161.34478 12:51:00 PM 760.6 63.65 110.763427 235.76593 1:01:00 PM 760.6 64.25 81.2203174 265.30904
2:31:00 PM 594.4 64.31 100.867495 169.94114 Perhitungan Q use dan Q loss Hari ke dua Kolektor II (Cat Tipe II)
Time Radiasi 10:01:00 AM 409.4 49.42 44.0757196 142.44692 10:11:00 AM 438.1 52.09 51.4860607 148.1123 10:21:00 AM 316.9 53.87 49.7348467 94.644793 10:31:00 AM 614.4 55.57 60.3699074 219.55073 10:41:00 AM 636.9 58.77 74.6977651 215.47387 10:51:00 AM 460.6 61.13 73.1122236 136.73714 11:01:00 AM 385.6 62.15 69.8301827 105.84918 11:11:00 AM 409.4 62.69 67.8096945 118.71295 11:21:00 AM 743.1 64.19 95.7326 242.82376 11:31:00 AM 766.9 66.66 105.234103 244.16554 11:41:00 AM 754.4 68.84 115.207859 228.49678 11:51:00 AM 539.4 70.03 101.925945 143.8247 12:01:00 PM 539.4 70.31 116.23727 129.51337 12:11:00 PM 463.1 70.71 103.996771 106.99159 12:21:00 PM 449.4 68.03 95.8956141 108.85103 12:31:00 PM 564.4 69.22 110.527639 146.613 12:41:00 PM 564.4 69.04 111.021397 146.11924 12:51:00 PM 760.6 69.61 124.319591 222.20977 1:01:00 PM 760.6 70.10 97.4139188 249.11544 1:11:00 PM 753.1 70.64 123.857989 219.25437 1:21:00 PM 741.9 69.85 111.228815 226.78082 1:31:00 PM 750 71.23 119.3374 222.3626
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1:41:00 PM 631.9 70.67 117.254147 170.63949
Perhitungan Q use dan Q loss Hari ke dua Kolektor III (Cat Tipe III Paint)
Time Radiasi 10:11:00 AM 438.1 52.01 39.8277778 159.77058 10:21:00 AM 316.9 53.44 38.5841679 105.79547 10:31:00 AM 614.4 54.87 44.7897535 235.13089 10:41:00 AM 636.9 58.54 56.24604 233.9256 10:51:00 AM 460.6 60.47 56.4422266 153.40713 11:01:00 AM 385.6 61.16 55.2121025 120.46726 11:11:00 AM 409.4 61.54 54.2563562 132.26628 11:21:00 AM 743.1 63.46 76.1432867 262.41307 11:31:00 AM 766.9 66.13 83.4236611 265.97598 11:41:00 AM 754.4 68.50 90.0005452 253.70409 11:51:00 AM 539.4 69.26 79.3876707 166.36297 12:01:00 PM 539.4 69.07 90.3030274 155.44761 12:11:00 PM 463.1 69.50 80.9727533 130.01561 12:21:00 PM 449.4 65.62 75.3947772 129.35186 12:31:00 PM 564.4 67.46 85.4965021 171.64414
12:41:00 PM 564.4 67.49 86.6883655 170.45227 12:51:00 PM 760.6 68.05 97.8382883 248.69107 1:01:00 PM 760.6 68.71 76.9812629 269.5481
Perhitungan Q use dan Q loss Hari ke dua Kolektor IV (Cat Tipe IV)
Time Radiasi 10:01:00 AM 409.4 49.29 43.3178231 143.20482 10:11:00 AM 438.1 51.54 48.1834147 151.41495 10:21:00 AM 316.9 52.72 44.9147274 99.464913 10:31:00 AM 614.4 54.13 55.3485761 224.57206 10:41:00 AM 636.9 57.15 70.3628272 219.80881 10:51:00 AM 460.6 59.11 67.4111621 142.4382 11:01:00 AM 385.6 59.62 62.515695 113.16367 11:11:00 AM 409.4 59.90 59.8627582 126.65988 11:21:00 AM 743.1 61.56 89.5806576 248.9757 11:31:00 AM 766.9 63.56 97.2129484 252.18669
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11:41:00 AM 754.4 65.69 104.075466 239.62917 11:51:00 AM 539.4 66.63 87.9716405 157.779 12:01:00 PM 539.4 66.85 103.071757 142.67888 12:11:00 PM 463.1 66.88 88.0905894 122.89777 12:21:00 PM 449.4 63.82 82.0461172 122.70052 12:31:00 PM 564.4 65.46 93.5205859 163.62005 12:41:00 PM 564.4 65.09 95.7291777 161.41146 12:51:00 PM 760.6 65.63 107.999009 238.53035 1:01:00 PM 760.6 66.50 80.7758026 265.75356 1:11:00 PM 753.1 67.41 111.768566 231.34379 1:21:00 PM 741.9 66.43 100.817194 237.19245 1:31:00 PM 750 68.13 109.716713 231.98329 1:41:00 PM 631.9 67.43 104.917658 182.97598 1:51:00 PM 689.4 67.99 108.50606 205.58458 2:01:00 PM 636.9 67.98 107.169498 183.00214 2:11:00 PM 681.9 68.16 106.372825 204.30082 2:21:00 PM 681.9 68.31 88.5289496 222.14469 2:31:00 PM 594.4 66.52 93.1393771 177.66926 2:41:00 PM 578.1 66.78 93.3034526 170.07891 2:51:00 PM 600.6 66.43 89.2260592 184.4073 3:01:00 PM 566.9 66.59 87.704107 170.57553 3:11:00 PM 566.9 64.95 68.8427135 189.43693 3:21:00 PM 566.9 61.14 57.9821712 200.29747
Lampiran 8
Koefisien Kehilangan Panas Menyeluruh Kolektor
Koefisien kehilangan panas meyeluruh ini adalah suatu nilai di mana hasil dari hilangnya panas didalam kolektor akibat efek radiasi matahari yang terjadi pada atas kolektor, bawah kolektor, dan sisi kolektor. Persamaan yang digunakan untuk mencari koefisien kehilangan panas menyeluruh ini biasanya menggunakan metode trial and error.
Koefisien kehilangan panas ini dapat diubah menjadi thermal network di mana energi yang hilang sepanjang kolektor hingga atas dapat menghasilkan konveksi dan radiasi pada plat kolektor, gambar di bawah adalah thermal network untuk kolektor berkaca ganda.
Gambar Thermal Network kolektor berkaca ganda
Untuk mendapatkan hasil koefisien kehilangan panas menyeluruh q [W/m2.0C] pada kaca kedua kolektor dirumuskan dengan persamaan berikut:
I. Menghitung Q loss sistem Kolektor Surya
Untuk menghitung Q loss dari Kolektor Surya, kita harus menghitung q yang terjadi dari setiap bagian Kolektor Surya. Bagian-bagian terdiri dari :
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1. Bagian atas 2. Bagian bawah 3. Bagian samping
A. Menghitung q loss bagian atas
Untuk mencari q bagian atas menjadi 𝑞 = 𝑢𝑡 . 𝐴 . (𝑇𝑝− 𝑇𝑎)
Koefisien perpindahan panas radiasi dari plat kolektor ke kaca 1 h1r = εeff σ[(Tp+ 273)4− (Tg1 + 273)4]
Tp− Tg1
h1r = 0.84 x 5.6697x10−8[(39.32 + 273)4− (35.08 + 273)4] 39.32 − 35.08
= 5.69 W/m2oC
Koefisien perpindahan panas radiasi dari kaca 1 ke kaca 2 h2r = εeffσ[(Tg1+ 273)4− (Tg2+ 273)4]
Tg1− Tg2
h2r = 0.78 x 5.6697x10−8[(35.08 + 273)4− (31.29 + 273)4] 35.08 − 31.29
= 5.12 W/m2oC
Koefisien perpindahan panas radiasi dari kaca 2 ke lingkungan har = εeffσ[(Tg2+ 273)4− (Ta+ 273)4]
Tg2− Ta
har = 0.88 x 5.6697x10−8[(31.29 + 273)4− (27.3 + 273)4] 31.29 − 27.3
= 5.51 W/m2oC
Menghitung Rayleigh number menggunakan persamaan berikut, Ra = Gr. Pr =gβ′∆Td3
vα
Ra, p − k1 =9.81x(39.32 − 35.08)x0.23x0.71
310.20x(1.6715x10−5)2 = 2735117.01 Ra, k1 − k2 =9.81x(35.08 − 31.29)x0.13x0.72
306.18x(1.6335x10−5)2 = 40592.16
Dengan menggunakan nilai Ra=2735117.01, maka nilai dari Nu= 8.36, Perpindahan panas konveksi dari plat absorber ke kaca 1 dihitung dengan menggunakan persamaan berikut:
h1c = Nuk
l = 8.36 0.02687
0.2 = 1.12 W/m2 0C
Dengan menggunakan nilai Ra40592.16, maka nilai dari Nu= 3.02, perpindahan panas konveksi dari kaca 1 ke kaca 2 dihitung dengan menggunakan persamaan berikut:
h2c= NuK
l = 3.020.03
0.05= 1.60 W/m2 0C
Perpindahan panas konveksi dari kaca 2 kelingkungan menggunakan persamaan berikut:
=5.7+(3.8*V)
=5.7+(3.8*0m/s)
=5.7 W/m20C
Perpindahan panas konduksi pada kaca 1 dapat dihitung dengan menggunakan persamaan berikut:
hk = k
l = 0.78
0.005= 156 W/m2 0C
Perpindahan panas konduksi pada kaca 2 dapat dihitung dengan menggunakan persamaan berikut:
hk = k
l = 0.78
0.005= 156 W/m2 0C Koefisien perpindahan panas menyeluruh pada kolektor yaitu:
Ut = [ 1 Laju perpindahan panas pada kolektor yaitu:
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q = Ut. A. (∆T) = 2.52 W/m2 0C x 0.4556 m2x(Tp− Ta)
= 9.221 W
B. Menghitung q loss bagian bawah Bagian bawah terdiri dari lapisan
1. Plat Absorber 2. Glass woll 3. Cover aluminium
𝑞𝐵𝑎𝑤𝑎ℎ = (𝑇𝑝−𝑇𝑎)
𝑡𝑎𝑏𝑠
𝑘𝑎𝑏𝑠. 𝐴 +𝑡𝑔𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑤𝑜𝑙𝑙
𝑘𝑔𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑤𝑜𝑙𝑙. 𝐴 + 𝑡𝑎𝑏𝑠
𝑘𝐴𝑙.𝑐𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟. 𝐴 +1 ℎ . 𝐴
qbawah = (39.32 − 36.18)
0.003
(116 ∗ 0.4556)+ 0.05
(0.04 ∗ 0.4556)+ 0.003
(116 ∗ 1)+ 1 (13.3 ∗ 1)
= 0.553 W
C. Menghitung q loss bagian samping Bagian samping terdiri dari lapisan
1. Plat Absorber 2. Glasswoll
3. Cover alumenium`
𝑞𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑖𝑛𝑔 = (𝑇𝑝−𝑇𝑎)
𝑡𝑎𝑏𝑠
𝑘𝑎𝑏𝑠. 𝐴 +𝑡𝑔𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑤𝑜𝑙𝑙
𝑘𝑔𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑤𝑜𝑙𝑙. 𝐴 + 𝑡𝑎𝑏𝑠
𝑘𝐴𝑙.𝑐𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟. 𝐴 +1 ℎ . 𝐴
qsamping = (39.32 − 36.18)
0.003
(116 ∗ 0.114)+ 0.05
(0.04 ∗ 0.3)+ 0.003
(116 ∗ 0.3)+ 1 (13.3 ∗ 0.3)
= 0.09509 W
Karena setiap ukuran dari setiap lapisan samping Kolektor Surya sama, maka rumusnya menjadi menjadi :
= 0.09509 x 4
= 0.38036 W
Jadi untuk Q loss total menjadi:
Q loss = qbagian atas + qbagian bawah + qbagian samping total
= 9.2213 W + 0.5532 W +0.38036 W
= 10.15494 W
II. Menghitung Q use sistem Kolektor Surya 𝑞𝑢𝑠𝑒 = 𝑞𝑖𝑛
𝐴 − 𝑞𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠
qsamping1
qsamping2
qsamping3 qsamping4
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= 166.02
0.4556− 10.15494
= 155.865 𝑊
Demikian selanjutnya untuk kolektor 2, 3 dan 4
Lampiran 9
Hasil Uji Komposisi Cat PT. Sucofindo 1. Cat Tipe IV
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2. Cat Tipe III