CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW
A. Theoretical Background
2. English Language Program In Boarding School
a. Definition of English language in boarding school
The term Islamic boarding school comes from the Arabic language, namely "funduq", which means hostel or hotel. While the term pesantren
47HM, Musfiqon. Pengembangan Media Dan Sumber Pembelajaran. 89.
48 Diana-Petruta Mahu, “Why Is Learning English So Beneficial Nowadays?” 2, No. 4 October/December (2012): 374–76.
comes from the word santri. So the term Islamic boarding school is a place where students live.49
Islamic Boarding school trains their students harder than public schools.
Various efforts have been made by an Islamic boarding school to create graduates who are fluent in foreign languages. Especially English, where interest in using it for daily life is still very low.50 However, English is a very important language to learn.
Islamic boarding schools must teach or educate students with various main programs. The equality of Islamic boarding school education is very good compared with other formal education. various programs are arranged in such a neat manner and carried out continuously as well as an evaluation of each program making Islamic boarding schools no longer able to be underestimated for the quality of their output.
Islamic boarding schools in the modern era have many excellent programs such as language programs to support the ability to communicate in foreign languages, especially in English. Because in Islam it is explained that human life basically must be balanced between the affairs of the world and the affairs of the hereafter. The language environment is a community environment where members can communicate using the same language, the same language variations, and using the same language code. Therefore, the environment has an important role in language acquisition.51 In this case,
49 Lailil Mukarromah, Suryanto, Amanda, “Pattern Adaption Of Students Perforce Entering Islamic Boarding School,” Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Surabaya 4 No. 2 (2018): 2.
50 Hidayat M, “The Teaching Of English At Pondok Pesantren Attarbiyahal-Islamiyyah In Paiton Purbolinggo, Magister Thesis, Unpublished” (Malang., Universitas Islam Negeri Malang, 2007), 57.
51 Helmi Abdul Latif, “Needs Analysis Of English For Specific Purposes On Islamic Boarding School Students,” Master Program In Linguistics, Diponegoro University, University Indonesia 3 (2019): 137.
learning English is something that should be studied in the scope of Islamic boarding schools.52
The English language program at Islamic boarding schools is one of the programs held to teach foreign languages as a balance between religious needs and general needs where the purpose of holding an English language program is as early learning to create alumni. alumni who have high quality.
The process of learning English in Islamic boarding schools is divided into two types:53
1. Daily learning activities
Daily learning activities are activities in which a person always tries actively and seriously in learning activities so that he gets to progress to obtain changes in interacting with the environment to produce knowledge, understanding, skills and values, attitudes, and behavior as a result of individual experience or behavior. the response of the stimulus in the interaction in learning and the surrounding environment involves cognitive, affective, and psychomotor.
For daily English learning activities providing vocabulary generally can be used directly for practice. Like the words eat, drink, bathe. This is adjusted to the important role of vocab to be mastered first. Good vocabulary skills will be very helpful in learning other English.
52 Eka Warohma , M. Ilham Abdillah, Dan Siti Mei Arini, “Pendampingan Pembelajaran Bahasa Inggris Dasar Pada Pondok Pesantren Nurul Huda (PPNH) Surakarta,” Manhaj: Jurnal Penelitian Pengabdian Masyarakat 10 No. 1 (2021): 84.
53 Ilham Nurjaman, “English Learning System Inislamic Boarding School,” Yayasan Pendidikan Sahida Bandung XXVIII NO.3 (2013): 508.
2. Weekly learning activities
Weekly learning activities are activities in which a person is required to be actively and truly engaged in learning activities to get change the objectives of the program. The weekly learning program is held only once in 7 days. Generally, the weekly program is usually an additional program or also a program to fill school or campus holidays. In an Islamic boarding school, the weekly language program is usually given material in the form of vocabulary as an effort to add language vocabulary which can be practiced in the daily program.
Islamic boarding school weekly activities are programmed with the contents of 2 materials, namely conversation and speech practice.
a) Conversation
Is the skill of speaking between two or more people.
Generally, these conversations only choose conversations related to English tenses. Thus, it will automatically hone their grammar skills.
b) Speech practice
It is an effort to hone the ability to speak in English so that it will have a good impact on public speaking skills.
b. English learning strategies in Islamic boarding schools
Every Islamic boarding school that implements a language program must have a strategy for learning, as the strategies that can be used in learning
English in Islamic boarding schools include Discussion strategies, Drilling strategies, Question, and answer strategies.54
1) Discussion strategies are a type of activity that involves dividing people into small groups who are then assigned to solve problems or discuss a topic together with predetermined group members.55 2) Drilling strategies are techniques used in foreign language
classes that emphasize the repetition of structural patterns using oral practice.56
3) Question and answer strategies are strategies in learning to read that are related to increasing understanding and mastery of reading texts based on the match between questions and answers.57
The application of student learning in the classroom and outside the classroom for the mastery and language skills of students, namely there are 3 strategies used including:58
1) Learning organizing strategy, namely by making daily and weekly, and monthly schedules inside and outside the classroom.
2) Learning delivery strategy, that the delivery of learning is carried out by Ustadz and Ustadzah using everyday language, namely Arabic and English.
54 Noni Kurniawati & Moh. Ilham Hakim, “Teaching English And Learning Strategies Used At SMP Muhammadiyah Boarding School Zam-Zam Cilongok,” N.D., 13.
55 Fitrah Azizah, “Using Discussion Technique To Improve Students’ Speaking Skill In English”
(Makassar, Universitas Muhammadiyah, 2018), 29.
56 Http://Teffl.Wordpress.Com/2010/06/13/Drilling/
57 Mabruka Zakirah Azzahra, “The Effectiveness Of Question And Answer Relation (QAR) Strategy On Students’ Reading Comprehension Of Explanation Text” (Jakarta, Syarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University, 2020), 14.
58 Sumitro, “Strategi Pengajaran Keterampilan Lintas Budaya Padapengajaran Bahasa Inggris Di Pondok Pesantren.,” MOZAIK: Jurnal Ilmu Humaniora 11 No. 1 (2012): 117.
3) Learning management strategy by managing and evaluating learning achievement.
c. English learning media in Islamic boarding schools
The media used in learning English are very simple tools such as blackboard and whiteboard, tape recorder, pictures, library, computer laboratory, and realia that used in The Nurul Falah Islamic Boarding School.59
1) Whiteboard is one of the learning media used by the teacher in the classroom.60 Whiteboard itself is divided into 3 types of materials, namely melamine, porcelain, and glass.61
2) Tape-recorded is a machine used for recording and playing music, speech, or another sound.62 Tape records can be used for listening, this will provide information to students not only about vocabulary and grammar but also about pronunciation, intonation, rhythm, stress, and tone.63
3) Pictures are one of the visual aids that can be used in the process of learning and teaching speaking. Pictures can also be used to create a more active and clear speaking class situation. Images can come from a variety of sources. Such as magazines, professionally published materials, postcards, photos, and others.64
59 Dwi Pramesti, “The Teaching At Pondok Pesantren Nurul Falah” (Thesis, Jakarta, UIN Syarif Hidayatullah, 2018), 87.
60 Marthen B. At All, “Prototype Of Slidingwhiteboard As Physics Learning Media Based On Thinking Processed Review,” Journal Of Science And Science Education 2 (May 2018): 7.
61 Https://Www.Display2go.Com/Guide/The-Difference-Between-Porcelain-Melamine-Glass-Whiteboard-4#:~:Text=The%20three%20main%20types%20of,Melamine%2c%29porcelain%2c%20glass.
62 Https://Www.Collindictionary.Com/Dictionary/English/Tape-Record
63 Https://Sites.Google.Com/A/Myport.Ac.Uk/Su-Chin-S-Site/
64 Harmer & Jeremi, “How To Teach English” (England: Person Education Limited, 2007), 9.
4) Library is defined as a place where books, manuscripts, music scores, or other literary and artistic materials are stored, for use but not for sale, and as a place for storing administrative collections.65
5) Computer laboratory is a place for scientific experiments, measurements, or scientific training related to computer science and has several computers in one network for use by certain groups.66
6) Reality media are tools used in the real teaching and learning process, which can be seen, heard, and touched directly. Reality media is a tool that can attract and make it easier for students to understand the lesson.67
d. The advantages of learning English in Islamic boarding schools
Studying foreign languages in Islamic boarding schools can provide many benefits and uses, as concluded that some of the results of foreign language learning applied to students in Islamic boarding schools brought several results, as follows;68
1) The breadth of opportunities provided by pesantren to students who can practice fluency and flexibility in practicing the target language.
2) Practicing direct daily communication, students can build a language environment conducive to and supports the success of foreign
65 Https://Www.Lisedunetwork.Com/Library-Definition-And-Meaning/
66 Https://Id.M.Wikipedia.Org/Wiki/Laboratorium_Komputer#:
67 Sartika Andi Patau, “The Use Of Realita As Media In Teaching Speaking,” Sintuwumarosojet 3 No.1 (August 2017): 27.
68 Ana Magfiroh, “From Daily To Fluency: Melejitkan Kemampuan Bahasa Asing Dengan Aktifitas Bahasa Harian,” Universitas Muhammadiyah Ponorogo 01 No. 2 (2015): 8.
language learning so that they feel they can live in the native language environment.
3) Daily language activities can trigger students' motivation to speak a foreign language so that it will become a language habit and become a new character for students.
4) By designing a language activity, unconsciously it becomes an unconscious language acquisition process.
5) Students can master language competence well, as well as grammar competence and communication competence.