Fq r causo/cl nco and co/thcrc bro/ac a rocult do not occur ln thc

J7. MAI(ING THE

I. Sho incnrt i,p ing to tako Frcnch I

8. Fq r causo/cl nco and co/thcrc bro/ac a rocult do not occur ln thc

cano causo-odfoct rclationchip, ^{buL thcy can occur}

ln

^{tho saxc}

ocn-tcncg. ^m[r? Givc an oxarPlc.

!.

^{Rowritc thc pamphrasc ,ou did}

^for

^{Loscon lO' Ucc for/bc}cauco/cincc lnotcad of co/thcrcfo^ro/cc a

rcrult.

^{l'loko alL}

of

thc nccoscary clungoc

In

punctuatlon ancl uor.cl ordcr.

Locconc L1ko thcao; thcn, oro clccignccl to tca;h on\y

a

cnoJ-l amunt

of

^tho

vrltfug

^pl:occco

at

o

t1rc,

^but

to

tcach

it in

^{such c w'V that thc ctudontc}

loorn

to thhk

^{uDrc and rDrc activcly l1c thcy Frogrocc' Thcy lcarn}

to

road

rcro carcfu.ll,Jr than

thty

^havc

in

thc

i,cst, for

thcy mu3t conT,arc

lvs

3{nil'! r1

but c]:L6ht\ ^dl. fforcnt ^{mcicls, rrotlng thc} Srar@otlcal and ccsontlc

dlffcrp

oncoc bctucen thoo. ^Anct thcy l-carn

to

cliccovcr ^rcasonc

for

^thoso dlfforclco3

aothoyan$',crthoqtrcctloncfollowirrgthcrcodllgc.Thcyloarntorcvlqr,.

conctani\y 1n or<Icr

to

coEparo anC contract ^prcvlous lcccolc ^w'-th tho cur'ront ono.

Flnally,

^{thcy loarn}

to

noko arialogj'o3 ao thsy work wlLh on ontlrcly cllff orcnt

rcdci,

^{<Io ciding whcthcr}

thcir

char,.t.:o

ln

tho no* npdol Orc Ju3tl-flablo ^{on thc bosls}

of

^{changcc mdc}

in

^{thc old rcdci'i-} _'

Ac thcy _Bo ^Lhrough thc locoon, thon, thc studcnt3 lccrn that ^grruror

and ccrontlca arc Lntc rcol4tcd, ^ancl that thcy arc iqportant toolc

for

thom'

to

^usc conccloualy

in

^or<lcr

to

^{rukc cohoront pioccc}

of

^{procc out of}

^glffcrcnt

cctc of ^EngJ:[ch scntoncca.

In

chort, thcy

lccrn, fi:rct

cnd

forcrcst'

^that

writlrg

1o a tELikl,ng Procucc.

:'o

f

i

Ii

r.

t i

it

,|

i

I

I It

i II

I

I

t rt

i:i

t

T

I!

t

t II I i t

L

t

42. ^GUIDED Col,tPGITIoli Gorald Dykctrc

and

Chrlctlm ^{Bratt Pouloton}

What admntogcc

for

tho toachor ond

for

tho otudcnto oro clalmd by tho authorc

lf

tho cot4ooltlon tcchniouos dca.crlbod Ln

thlo

ar-tlclo

aro ucsl?

Choo3o

c

^{roodlnS pf,33ogo}

thrt

^woul<I bo suitablo

for

a ^group

ol

^ctur'

dontc known to you; thon, drav up o nrurbor

cf

otopo clrnllar

to

^{tho ut}

-

--oauploo glvor on prgo 210 ond rowrito tho piosogo followllg ^your

ctcps. ^Whot

atffltu)-tfcs

^{do you} oncoi&tor? ^How tooy thoco bo

aI$dl '

natocl?

Whoro rsoulcl tho coupositlon toctnrlcuos cuf'€ ostod

ln

th1.c

artlclo flt

on Pmtortc rrrnipdatlon- conmrrrlentlon scalo? ^'

Toachoro of Enellch ao a for6lgn laqgu!8o mkc oxtgnclvo uoo

of

^contrsl

ln

^tho oral-aura1 roodlng acpoctc

of

^{lnnguaSo loornJng. Tho clalu}

lc

^bolae

Edo that thcro

ls far

^{too mrch uoo}

of

control. ^But

thlo

clnln ^rlooo not oxtonrl

to

thc wrlting aspost, cfuop\r bocauco coritrol hos boon'ronLml 1n

lhlo

aroo. Wlthout <Ilr'octly ontod.ng tho <licputo obout thc mluo

of

controll

m

ouzS(lot lC nould bo nleo

If

^tho profoooion had a\ra1Lblc a rango

of

toolg xlrtch porrdttocl ^{contr.ol Jn}

wrltirg,

³⁰ thnt.toachorc ^{wouLd ho\rc a\raL1ab1o}

to

thon tho cholco

of

^uco

or

rcJoctlc,n..

In

^{tcac\Ing vrd.tton Et\q1iah1 tho concopt}

of

control hac tokm lorgor

to

^bocom ootobllchorl. Roccntly, horovcr, ^sovoral ortlcfoo ond tcocLo havo oppoarsd <looling

rlth

thio

toplc.

In tho

toxtc,

^{tho control 1o ro6u1ar1g}

of

thc klnct whlch gmployo covoral colposltlon.Gxerclsoc

to

covor ono gi!n-mt1col foaturol thc

flrot

corFo$itlon

rleld\y

controllod

xtlfo

^tho l'rot

Lo almot o

frm

colqlos{&i on. Thc n@ct gmImotioal footurc

to

^bo corcrod

lc

^a8a1n highughtod

ln

cororal co4,ocltlon' o:corclooc, thc

fh:ot of

^xirloh

1o r{.gldly controlLod cnd thc loot ;rImst frcc *TltlnS; ^{Thoro 1o thuo} ln

thJ'o t5rpo

of

control

o

^{cohotont clfbneo}

fn

^{tho r181d\y}

of

tho )anguc 80

@n-tlol.

I<loolly 1t ^{woulcl ocom} that thc naturo

of

^{the lan2rragl control ohould}

bo auch

ttnt tt

^{r+oocl pomlt a grcdual} ola;ration throuShout thc ^proSrarmo, rrlthoul rot urrrlrrg

ct

^o11

to

cloocr cont::oI.

Wotravco)$oricl[itod.wlth3uchaprogmrrlondthinklrctLlvofound r*tot ^proldsoo

to

bo a ^colu+,lon

to

^coi;rc

of

^tho

l]Lo

that ^{bofoD tho}

coryo-altlon

claos

for

^fo r'clgn otuclcntc.

Roprhtocl @ pcrrd.sclon lvpp Eng!'fuh langrn6o .To'rchlngr. 21, Jont:alyr 1967.

B;IU.

Proioi"or LVk.tm

ic

^{a rrubor}

of

ttrc drportorcnt

of

3Po9d, tnfiS

-iiy ^of

^lhwali; prof-oscor Pautcton

dlttct.

^{1,!6 En411oh} lcngr:.rgp

Inctl-trrt€ at tiro Univomliy

of

Pl'ttcburSh 19?

t98 ^MIL li( ^Uir

I

iri:til ^lj _fr, ;rn,rr,1

P

.

^{By tho a1} ;.lloetlon

of

^{gmclocl ard} ctlucturod' ^Lrnguagc rnnipulations

to

uotlof pflciagcs, thc studcntcr coupocitionc ^can bc takcn fron ncar\y fuIL control

to frrc

courposition with ctcccli\y clini-rrishlrg controlc. ^Thc progmrc ollowg cnforconont

of

comcct writing pl$ccdurc;

it

^{glvcc thc ctudcntc}

^a

^{-e ec}

ccnso

of

progrc3o cnrl lproverrunt ^{,^hich} (a)

tuitas

confldcncc 1n

thoir

^{own .}

abllity to

w.rltc, anO (i:) _notlvctus thcm

to furthcr

^lirprovo

thcir

wrltlng cb{'l1ty. Thl.o J:nprovcncnt oen bc p}ottlcd

gmphically.

thc prograrono pro-v1do3 tho.3tu<Icnts with rnxi-rmr:r writirlg ^oppo

rtr:rrity;

^{thcy lcarn writfug by}

wi{Uig;

not priroori\y ^by <Liocuccing writing, nor by:16aming thc old or thc ^{n seJ} Eromur, nor ^pri-rnr

rily

^{by rcccling thc procluctc}

^of

^othcrcl cucccccl\.Il

wrltlng ^(watcfrhg thc _l,rtccco woul4 probab\y 'rb roro holpful arryrll'ay), nor by boi'rrg tauSit

to think. It is

^quitc 1oscib1c, ^howcvcr,

that

^{como, poccib\y}

nll _of

thcso factors, arc ^prc3cnt

to

sotic clegrco 1n thc FrogratrEe' Eoch ctr}'

dcnt

L

^ab1o

to

proccc<i

at

^{hio owrl} mtc

of

^spcod

at

hls ^own

lcvol

^or

abIL:[-ty,

^and

ln

^{co tlolng hc covcrs thc} naln gmrErntical fcaturcs

of

^{tho languago.}

Tho larrg,r:ago

ihc

ctudcnt

lc

^askccl

to

dcal wlth

ic

alwqft corrcct; ^hc

ls

^noi

ockod

to

corrsct dclibcmtc orrors. ^Thc

writlng

^conclcf,c

of

languagi ¹ⁿ 6ontc:<t, not icolatecl ccntcnccc. ^.f\ncl

ior

ovcrburrlcncd tcacherc, ^onc

of

^tho

rcn: notablc fcaturcc

of

^{thc progm!@c 15 that tho} coupocitions tokc no uDtlo

than coconclc

to

corrcct;

mrc\

^{clo thcy takc rcrc than a mlnutc'}

ThJ.c approo ch i,: 'bcing appllccl

to rotcrjalc for

^{grcdlc 2 up through}

collogo corpocition. ^So

fot

o tcxb

for

4ra<lcc &10 ond.onc

for

thc ^coflcSo Icvol are

fu

c,xictcncc,

vith

thc othcrc ^undor prcporctlon'i

Iho

tcxts

cor,clct

of

lodcL p{r33aEoc, wrlttcn ccpcciolly

for

^tho

;nlr

trx,3o or adaptcd

frrn

^c:rloting

lltcmturc or

^{ccloctocl from tho wrlting of}

AD rlcoh ancl Bri,tich authcrc. ^Thc highor thc

lcvcl,

thc longor and lccs collcgc

hvcl

thcY rlm to

controled

^thc fosccSo3;

jn

_thc

tcxt for

^thc

about ^{150 rrordc}

In

^{gonerol. With thc modt'lc thcrc orc o ccricc of} .ctcpc

or lnctlllctlonc'for

^{thc studcnt}

to

follcw

in

rcwritlng ^{thc rcdol-c. Eoch} otcp corrcro a cpccifib languogc pottcrn. ^Thc corqrccltion,

i'c',

^thc

rndj--flcation of

thc.u*,rlol

ulich

^thc Ctudont procluccc, 1c cont'roll-ood and gm-duatorl through thb application

cf

thc ctcp,

l'

.tudont

ls

^{ncvor acko<l to}

prococcl bcyond ar{r ctcp iic can c+ccudc corrcctly' ^{rach studmt 13 thuc '} ablo

to

^procootl

at

hlc ^{ovn pacc,} i-nclcpcnclent\y

of hlc

clnssrntca'

Thc follor.rirrg

is

a' anmi,lo r,f a ^{nnclcl po3sagc frorn}

thc

collcgo

tcxt' Itr,llllgivcani<]coofthci'orroatondr.riy3crvctosuSScatcolrcthlrrgof .

^{thc ctopc. llotcr, hor+cvcr,}

^that

^{a studcnL}

lc

^{novcr askod}

to

rowrlto a ^rcdol.

aftcr

^tho

firct tirc;

^{thc Lcachor,}

ritll

^havc aclcctod ot't\y onc ctcp

for

^h1m

tb

appl,y

to

^{thc Irodcl.}

,'*rxl*'..-'1

,99

D<ln:nd Wllson, Thc Wound tho Bow

(t)

_ln.glcqk Houco, thc ,o3torploco

of

thio.ciciclfc pcriddr ^{Dlckcnc dl.c} co-vom a !q', uoo

of plot,

whl ch rukcc ;:,,icj.blc a

tightcr

orgonl2otion;

(e) _{mA wo mrot} rsn'lcmbo

r

that ho

ic

alwayc worklng cgolnct tho <)1fflcu1tloc,

of

^{whlch hc} oftcn cornlrLahs,

of

writ lng

for

ronthly

inctallmntc,

^whoro

ovo ry{htng ^hao

to to

^plaruxc.d boforchcnd oncl

lt

1c lnrprc cc

iblo,

ac ho ^ca;ro, to trybacft

t

_{and chango anything, oncc}

lt

hrlc bccn prJ-ntoct"

)

^{(3) ho crotoo}

tho clotoctlvo ctory vhich

lc

alao a soclol fablo.

It lc

a

gry

^{whlch hoo}

lapood cinco Dickonc. Tho corrLlnrttorc

of

tho coclol novol havo dlroppod

tho dotoctlvo ctory,

I l+'l

r. ^Slttntlon

^{: l,ioct}

^of

^{tho proccnt tonocc hcrc aro whot 15'}

o-1lcd htctorical ^prccont.

Iou

could Juot ^ac wol.} tcI]- abouL Dlckoncto non uso

of plot

^jrt thc poct.

Ecrrltc

thc ontlrc fllccogo

ln

thc

trlst

^ton5o,

boginnlng In ^Blook Houcc. Dlckono d.lo oovortd

. . .

^Soo dlrcct lonc

for

rowriting thc toneoo.

Rotoll obout Dld<onofc now u3o

of

^p1ot.

Rgw'rltc tho ontlro ^pocscgo

ln

^{the proccnt}

per-A{ol&nnorrL:

18.

fost

tcnoo, bop:lnnlng

In

_'B1ook ^{Houso t}

,

^Dldrong

3,F,8

has dlccovorsd

. . .t

^Soo

dirpctionl for

ro-writing tho tcncoc.

Writc an<l doccrlbo Dlckonors lotomty

lnnovo-tionc.

Scntcnco IIo. 2 containc tr.ro vorb cluators fut poooivc volco. ^{Chango thoro}

to

actlvo .rolco, strp p\ylng n oubJoct

for

oach, and

rovrlto

^{tho orr'}

tlrc

^pasoago.

Prctcnd that ^you oro Dlcl<ono

hlrcclf, rorlrrli

clrrg about hls wrltlng.

Rowrl-to tho ontLro ^poocogp ac

lf

^Dldccns hll>

" cclf

^wcr.o wrtting. Boelrr lg-19&gk-jg.W.t,

f

4 ^r]l,c covorod

' . .

^{You wl1l. traw}

^to

^{toko chongoo}

ln

thc ^o

rlfllnnI

contoncor otnrcturv.

Odt

thc

lact

two ochtoncco.

|

^'

Tho procoduro

for

uring tho to:ct c

ln thlo

prcgmmo

!o

^the folJoxlng

Firot,

thc tcachor octfuotc tho nurrbor

of

cor$ooitlonc

to

^{bo wrltt6h du:]-.}

ln6 tho cour3o. For Lnctonco, clurlng o flftcon-wook courag, otxLy

conpo-oltlono rdL[ ^provido four o wook,

to

ac ^homuo rk onrl trrc writton

ln

c]aoo.

Tho lnotrueLor thon ooloctrr from thc cataloguo

of

ctopc- o 11ot

of clI

tho rtopo; tho gmmntlcal foaturos thoy cover, and tho ^pooccSoo thoy:qp-pcor lFthooc

to

^{bo covo} rod ^IT.- thc c1o33.

All

otudonto arc thon a3slgnod thc

flrct

otop on tho lnatmstorrs ooltstod

I1ot.

^Each cturlont rovrltos thc rodol

In

hls notobook,

lncorpo-' lF-,

_{Christlnc Bratt Parrlcton on<l C.cmlcl fokctm,} Controll'od Coryoottlon ^(Now Ycrk: SLrcn Schrictor, 1971).

I

I

t02,,

Sltuotlon:

Acclgnnont:

Sltuatlon:

Acal8rllEnt ^r

S1tuatlon:

Acclg.nrnnt:

400

t: I't

mtfuig thc acsignc:rl changc... which hc ^{DtcJr bc'askod}

to

unelcr'Lj:rc' /ic soon

a3 o studcnt

k.s

finrihccl..hr: ^bringc

his

compociti.on

to tht.inctructor.

^]

who, farriJ-fur with thc

rmtirials

^{ancl thc} ascignm;nt, ^nc<'d only Sljfnce

ot'

thc urrdcrlincd ^clrangcs

to iorrcct

th\j cclT'osition;'a prc'icCr:rc whic*r'Elbuld tokc no nDrc than a, Irinutc.

It

rqy bc aclclud hcru

in

parr:nthescc'lUlnt;

if

a

possiblc coFyin8 urro: ^{shou-l-cl uscap.r thc} tuilchurts attcnti'on;

thic

^docs .not.rcsultinanyacr.ious].ocsof.thcCffcctivuncascfthcEntofiafe;,'1..

clroppocl ortic-lo ^ a forgottcn

third

ricrcon'-rj, coon rcdccui'c C6r'roet\y ^trnA

If

_tho sLudcr,t:c ccmyo:iti'Jn

i5

corrcct, ^hc proc'-,c'Jr';

'to

r-hc ncxt ctcp ^on thc icachcrts

fic';. If

thc coryoPit:gn

ic

^{r''ot co1r9c-Lr}

tilc

s'uuclcnt

1o ackql

to

rcp";at' thu.ctcp ^but with anothcx rccicJ-,

after'thl

'"cachcr hrs

ctcp ancl,

lf

allowccl, tho stuclc:rts tcnd

to

churgc ^ahcacl cn

thcir

^own;

clc'-iuaLilg

to

sore uxLcnJ tho. cr'titrrcf

.

_:

AfLcrSom.wccl(Sthcrcisanoticcnblcrarrgc-irr.thc.ctcpsthcstu-donlo arc workilrS on, ancl !hc,9lowcr 'ctu&nts arc cncouragod

to

spcnd ^somo oxLm t1B.) 1n

writin6

colnpocltionc. Thic

is

accornplichcd throuth ^cxtra horcrqrk acci6nrrcnrc or thlough

,ro.:ioI ::l.l:*n"o

ho9r9-or through

iltfc-rol

tiutcrio].crr rrith

a

frianaly nciahbcur', G"oILv a

rntlvc

^{cpcckcr of} Englich. ^rr 'r . ^.:

' .'l

"

^{Thc conaon}

firct'

^objoction

^to

^thlc-

typ:

:f

^writing

ic that ic

^too

mchonical

to

^havc 'ar5' ,--anir.4

to

^{the ctu(cnt}

'

^Th:

^fact is thct

^{ncct of}

cr

or clircctu<l hj-m tP a rcfcrcnco gmmlrr' Thc

in-otructor ^docs not nakc nic

lj-st of

cQlcctul stci'ir ^aBj-Iab1c

t:

thc st:In'b3'

cl.trco cach 3tcp

a

studcnt r,'ritcs <IcppnclC ^on:' his ^ncstErY

of

^{thc preceeding}

yrc

ff;s.Eflc

-ry,11:3t,,o""

rccult in I t:-I""}.'"Y.109,,;:f, t'l."llilll

ls

rrct ful1y ^{awarc and} go.entr-utt' of

wft

^t'c ic, tlolng '- Ttrc paccagc quotod

frcn ^Thc _Fpihd 5nd Thc Bow. fc'r insLi'nJ';,

ic #ilttn ir

^tn1

naiicti:"

,l

prcoont i:iccpt

rol

^tl,c

lact

scntsnccc' ^{St'cp 14 t"I,}

"

^t-t?: ".}]]'Oq"f

tt

Tllto it" p""*ep ln

Lhc po3tr ^Ur[Lcss hc unc]crstan<Is what h9) ai, wri:ting

' lint

i".

untooi'tnc

lrritjLg ic

r'ioaningful

to

^hi:rr,

hc'wilt iiso r#ritc

^thc

5c'-: ... '

l-ncral prcccnt by cubctituting tlrc J):15t, ^lrncl

thjs will

rosult,il:,

,1llTt",l,Ia

roct

co4:osition"

In

clacsroorn uoc, ^howcvcr, vrith ton ^groupc .,f.5tu4cnt3' tholr'contlnudO'Jcatic'fdctlon ^w-ii;i,

thcir

uork ^hncl

thelr

^ccneo

^bi

tchicvo-rcntJ ^ancl. purpocc gi'rc uc tho' bcct arr'wor so

fcr

'tb

thls

obJcction' Et'i ^' dont\y th c;rLicfcc+,ionjnI,/ro(lucjlscorrcctcvcn+"hroughlnt,ricatc.-conp

corgrcnoatcs ifo. _{tbc locc}

,of ^frccclot:

qlld,it

^rcsultc

-

1.9."".:,

o s1 2

po

ri

^on

a--At 3 cF,ot cJlucK l-n onc cias3r'out of 280 conpoorticns writtcn clurirg Lhe ccnc3 L(;r ^{231 wcrc} witlrcut crror''

rlru:-juiri:,,' ,7J ^'i i':. ,"'..,.5

rql_Y,s,tFl':.!r*_-I+ol

rerillc L':Lch hac suri-risod thc tccchcr accuctomocl

to

thc frustrotion of

so trorry

of

thc conpocltion clacsoc

for

forci41n ctudcnto. ^{?hc. diccucgion}

of

rr raLc by a ^bJ.escd inrrcctimtor nny scon a tcnubys unctc: LakLng, but ovon though rcml-c trqv bc an r:rurcosut'iblc ^g r.:,antity. _r,nny

of it3

sy[.ptcB oro loso so, and corn oncccloltl u.ri(lcncc xnlr not bc out

of

^p]ace.

Durilg

c

rocont cxpcrimcrnt i1 coLrinsitlc,n clasc woc djvidod lnto

two groupa, ,li and B, rrith onl1, Grrcup ^.i,, ucirg tho approach cugqoctod horo.

Both grcups wcrc tagf'irt W thc ^3arc in3tructor.

'

^---Grcup _A,

aftcr

thc

firct

tuo wc.cks, hand$l

ln thcir

cccl.gnrnrltc on

ti-@; thoy novor old.tto<I on ocoignm'nt. ^{Group B} hcci concldorcblo rJiffculty w'lth

thcir

cccqyc-thcy wrotc only fr'cc conposltlonc. ^Onc or two trcsqys wcrc alHayc Latc occh vock ancl a

valioty of

o(cuco3 r{oo offorod, inclrfdlng freguont\r thc protcctatlon th.1t thc ctudont Juct ^could not wri,to orythlng colro

ct

that clay nnd hacl givon

1t

^{up. Group B,} ocpocially

ta

thc

flrgt

half

of

tho

tom,

oftcn exprccccd foclings

of

diccoumgoront, corrthJ:cg Grrup A

raro\

did" Crcup B could not bc .oald

to

gc cogor

for

ocira aoclgnmtrto, ,whllc ^{Group A} thraughout tho torn hurrlod

to

cotrplcto

c

corpocition durlng

cl,oso oo thcy could bo asclgnod anothor

for

hom,ro$. Thoro dovo1opc-c ccngc

of

conpotltion atrDng corEo rrcmborc

of

thc elaco. Oa

thcli

orm

lnitLft-tivo

covcml _studontc

in

Group A m<lo

lntriccto chirts to plot thclr

^pro-.

8ro3c, ^ond cctitblichjng

thclr

^{progrecc gmphlca}

I\y

sccEod

to

^lcnd furLhor encoumBorDnt.

P robab\y thc clcarost clificrcncc j.rr bch.rviour botwoon frorp A and

Groq B lay

ln tholr

attcncLrnco

at

thc cxtro confcrsnco hour, ^prcsldod ovcr

\r

^{ctudcnt tc1chorc.}

In

thc control ^{grt'l4) (Group} B) only onc otudont stl9r-ee.drcguhr\y whilc thrbcl fourLhc

of

thc ctudonto

in

^{Group A} rcgdarJg

attondcd.

Thcrc cocmcd to bc locc hosltation

in

acking gucctiono L1 CroupA.

Thcrc aro ^prcbably scvcml rcrl cona

for thlc.

^{Thc ctudontc} could aok thc quoctlono privoto\y, i{hilc thc

rcst of

tho clacc wno

writlng.

^{F urLhc rrcr.o,}

thoy wcrc forccd

to

ook ouoctlonc os woII, 3inco wiLhout thc corrgct on-swor thcy cou-Ld not ^proccod

to

thc ncxL ctop, ond

thlo

cccnod

to

^dcvolop.

tho hoblt

.f

osking

. quostlong. Probab\y thc trbot ilFortant ^r.cos6n rao

thflt

W tho nrturc

of

thc control, thc ctudentc kncw

rhrt

^ouoctionc

to:

ook boforo raking mistckcs. Thcsc stuclcntc ^bc catrD accuctourod

to wrltlrg

good and corrcct corgrociti.onc and dl.d all- pocclblo

to

^{avold q} olowh6 of

tholr

otoady progrorsi thc contrrol _flroup ncvcr cxpoctccl to w'rlto o ^{porfc et}

oosny and thc ncxlbcro por3ivcly acccptcd.tho rcd rnrk1ngo..as

thclr

^mc€t

duo.

-trZ--'-'-.1--402

'' _A*thor

'coir'"fusion

f-h tf,"

^{oa!rc cxpo r1rpnt crcrgq4 from tho}

toAch-. 14g

of

^{tho ctuclcnt}

t"a"n"t"

^o33igncd

io

thc clasccc' I'Jlthin a wook'

' thcco i-ioachcrs

r*"-

^porio

"t1y ^capoblc

of

^{xm ncgin. cn (xtra hour}

of

^cLa33

cgq-pfotcty" oh

thcir

own, rrcing 'thc corrtrcIlLr(l conrpocition tcxLc' ^{although 1n}

' _."of'

l.Liobrood tcochirig thcy showccl al-I thc ^signc

of

^tho ino:cPori-cncod .. toochot.-'Tho. concluaibn Sccro:to ^bc

that

^{-r'hc control oxtcnds both loys'}

torord thc tcachor oc ^{wcLL a3} thc atudcnt. ^Thc cigrrlficanco

of thlo ln

^a'

i,

t$.U-f,fjh"f.4€: o4,frllv

q.uali{fo0 tcachcr3 co'u}<l bc fuportont'

It

^could

.. ,, plJ.oB tho , inlugmtion .gf' voluntalv 'Uarkcr3, ^ct'r+Iont ' toochorc' 'or ^onothor

':J:;.,- .

--'" 6$i"Sr-,o{

^lrrcuff

icicnt\

^t r+inc<l _' lcc chcrs

intp

a progmm ^{undcr a m3tor}

. ^

tfi"neir,.99,f

_.4ISoI, ^nunbqrc o!.,gtuc1on-tc

aiglt bc'officlont]v

taught"'

. _,; ' J "::,: ^,rqtldod oo46sltion

Ii

^{'rot 'o pflnlcoa}

^for

^{a'l'l 'thc problcms} _"1 ^{t^t"n.}

'

l.ugrto4oslt ^{oii itd 'forcign} ctuclcntc. Thcr': 1o otlLl' ^nuch

thct

^{nccdo- fyrthor}

,q4loroiit ^orL'attd :riX?orlmntation.

In

thc'rrconti,lrrLlt ^{wiIL provldo tho}

pro-''' _Intjnl

_{5tcp toutirct}

_ttic

_goal

_of

dovcloplng

c

^tcaching

. ;r l-tpoI. rtri'ill ^{.ld.lf' pclTilt frequcnL'} ccstgnucnt

oi wrftfrg

^{cxcrcisoc otan-1n}

largc, olacaoo

l

^{aU tho bom'}

^tlre

dscurLngrtlrat ^{thc -work}

will

^bo cubctontial-,.dJrlaco.optauloy64}-grpcrnitt{ngtho'ctuclontto'.hbrk.at.alcvolcomgcncumtc

uftft

lris

obi!.ltyr, ^;uhcthc

r

^{th&U bd at 'a' vcry lok Icvo1 or 'a vor'y h18}i onc'}

'1:.1.t rrii 1.l';,'' "l 'r"':r '1" '" ' .'.' '' 'l

,... r ..i

It irr.,.fi,

Jr l-.

;:. i:l:l'J iii.l j' ^JII

,-,r:Jl.ti: ^., ,, .,.i ^{r .:i .,} t i' ^j

i'r

::a,n

.) '.rll

t: ,t-'ti ,i."..) ".'::': ^' (t1 ,r(; 't' '' ^I .- .jrr1,' : ,d\) _'